Title: Compulsory licensing - evidence from the trading with the enemy act
Description: "Compulsory licensing allows firms in developing countries to produce foreign-owned inventions without the consent of foreign patent owners.  This paper uses an exogenous event of compulsory licensing after World War I under the Trading with the Enemy Act to examine the long run effects of compulsory licensing on domestic invention.  Difference-in-differences analyses of nearly 200,000 chemical inventions suggest that compulsory licensing increased domestic invention by at least 20 percent"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.