Title: Women's hiring in context
Description: In this dissertation, I argue that organizational contexts are key factors in employment sex segregation. On the premise that discretionary decision making contributes to differences in men and women's employment, this research focuses on the ways in which firms' practices and policies may mediate between hiring outcomes and hiring agents' tendencies to gender categorize applicants. The analyses find evidence that firms' selection processes and policies significantly affect women's employment. The initial analyses describe of how firms choose their selection practices. Because the availability of valid, timely, and relevant information is theorized to supplant the importance of categories in decision making, it is important to know how firms choose their selection processes. Exploratory multidimensional scaling techniques are used to describe firms' portfolios of selection practices and interview criteria for low-skilled jobs. Next, selectively choosing hiring agents is analyzed as a key strategy for decreasing the impact of biased beliefs on decision making. Based on administrative data from a single firm, the next section utilizes a cross-nested random effects model to examine the impact of interviewer sex on evaluations of highly-educated female job applicants. Evaluations of female applicants are found to vary significantly between male and female interviewers. The magnitudes and directions of these differences depend on the applicants' perceived skill levels.

Finally, accountability is theorized to constrain hiring agents from making discretionary hiring decisions. The final section of this dissertation examines the effects of formal accountability on women's hiring for low-skill jobs. Hiring practice validation and the use of hiring tests are found to interact and to significantly shape the contexts in which men and women are hired. This dissertation finds that firms may affect women's employment by providing certain types of information-rich decision making contexts, by selecting hiring agents according to their levels of bias, and by holding hiring agents formally accountable for their choices and methods.