Title: Zuʻamāʼ al-taḥrīr fī al-Islām
Subjects: Islam and politics, Islamic renewal, Intellectual life
Places: Arab countries
People: Jamāl al-Dīn Afghānī (1838-1897), Muḥammad ʻAbduh (1849-1905), Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb (1703 or 1704-1792)