体质健康学：个体差异与健康干预的理论与实证研究
Publisher: World Book Group
Published: 2025
Place of publication: United Kingdom
Language: chi
ISBN-13: 9781918263022
Copyright date: 2025
Description: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the origins, evolution, and modern development of Constitutional Health Science, tracing its intellectual roots across ancient, classical, and contemporary medical traditions in both China and the West.

The chapter begins by examining the historical evolution of body constitution concepts, noting how ancient Chinese philosophy—particularly the theories of yin–yang, five elements, and the correspondence between humans and nature—laid the foundation for understanding individual differences in physiology and health. Classical medical texts such as Huangdi Neijing, Shanghan Zabing Lun, and Zhubing Yuanhou Lun further systematized these principles through differentiated diagnosis and observation of physical, functional, and emotional characteristics. In parallel, ancient Greek and Roman medicine advanced the humoral theory of Hippocrates and Galen, offering an early Western framework linking body fluids, temperament, and health, although lacking an integrated cross-cultural system.

Entering the period of Sino–Western integration, the introduction of modern anatomy, physiology, pathology, and empirical scientific methods during the late Qing and Republican eras broadened the perspective of constitution research. Western scholars developed theories relating body type, temperament, and mental health, while Chinese medical scientists attempted to correlate traditional constitution categories with biomedical indicators. Large-scale population studies in the mid-20th century gradually brought statistical and experimental approaches into body constitution analysis, marking a shift from experiential diagnosis to early scientific validation.

The final section discusses the modern theoretical innovations of constitutional health science since the reform era. The publication of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Classification and Assessment in 2008 standardized nine constitution types and established measurable diagnostic criteria. Advances in molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics revealed biological differences among constitution types, while the rise of precision medicine and digital health enabled dynamic monitoring and personalized intervention. Integrating systems biology, ecology, and life-course theory, contemporary research emphasizes the plasticity and multi-dimensional determinants of human constitution. Modern clinical practice increasingly adopts combined approaches—including herbal medicine, nutrition, exercise prescriptions, psychological regulation, and environmental adaptation—guided by individualized assessment models. With artificial intelligence, machine learning, large-cohort studies, and international collaborations, constitutional health science is evolving into a multidisciplinary, technology-driven field focused on predictive and personalized health management.

Overall, this chapter demonstrates that constitutional health science has transformed from ancient philosophical reflection into a modern scientific discipline. Through the integration of traditional wisdom, biomedical evidence, and emerging technologies, it provides a robust theoretical and practical foundation for advancing public health and shaping individualized healthcare in the twenty-first century.
Table of contents: label: Part 1
title: INTRODUCTION TO CONSTITUTIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE
pagenum: 1; label: Chapter 1
title: Introduction to Constitutional Health Science
pagenum: 1; label: Chapter 1.1
title: Origins and Development of Constitutional Health Science
pagenum: 1; label: Chapter 1.2
title: Why Focus on Individual Differences
pagenum: 8; label: Chapter 1.3
title: Core Concepts of Constitutional Health Science
pagenum: 16; label: Chapter 1.4
title: Constitution and Modern Life
pagenum: 23; label: Chapter 1.5
title: Reading Guide and Structural Overview
pagenum: 33; label: Part 2
title: FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF CONSTITUTION AND HEALTH
pagenum: 42; label: Chapter 2
title: Constitution and Health: Basic Theories
pagenum: 42; label: Chapter 2.1
title: Concepts and Classification Systems of Constitution
pagenum: 42; label: Chapter 2.2
title: Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Theory
pagenum: 49; label: Chapter 2.3
title: Modern Medical Constitution Classification and Indicator Systems
pagenum: 56; label: Chapter 2.4
title: Constitution and Physiological Functions
pagenum: 64; label: Chapter 2.5
title: Constitution and Disease Susceptibility
pagenum: 70; label: Part 3
title: METHODS OF CONSTITUTION ASSESSMENT
pagenum: 79; label: Chapter 3
title: Constitution Assessment Methods
pagenum: 79; label: Chapter 3.1
title: Subjective Questionnaires and Scale-Based Assessment
pagenum: 79; label: Chapter 3.2
title: Physiological Indicators and Laboratory Measurements
pagenum: 86; label: Chapter 3.3
title: Behavioral and Lifestyle Observation
pagenum: 97; label: Chapter 3.4
title: Designing Integrated Constitution Assessment Systems
pagenum: 106; label: Chapter 3.5
title: Comparison and Validation of Assessment Methods
pagenum: 115; label: Part 4
title: FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
pagenum: 125; label: Chapter 4
title: Factors Influencing Individual Differences
pagenum: 125; label: Chapter 4.1
title: Genetic Factors and Gene Influence
pagenum: 125; label: Chapter 4.2
title: Age and Gender Differences
pagenum: 132; label: Chapter 4.3
title: Lifestyle Factors
pagenum: 140; label: Chapter 4.4
title: Psychological and Social Environmental Factors
pagenum: 146; label: Chapter 4.5
title: Cultural and Regional Factors
pagenum: 154; label: Part 5
title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSTITUTION AND HEALTH STATUS
pagenum: 162; label: Chapter 5
title: Constitution and Health Status
pagenum: 162; label: Chapter 5.1
title: Constitution Types and Chronic Disease Risk
pagenum: 162; label: Chapter 5.2
title: Constitution and Differences in Exercise Capacity
pagenum: 169; label: Chapter 5.3
title: Constitution and Mental Health
pagenum: 180; label: Chapter 5.4
title: Constitution and Immune Function
pagenum: 188; label: Chapter 5.5
title: Significance of Individual Differences in Health Interventions
pagenum: 197; label: Part 6
title: THEORIES OF CONSTITUTIONAL HEALTH INTERVENTION
pagenum: 206; label: Chapter 6
title: Theories of Constitutional Health Intervention
pagenum: 206; label: Chapter 6.1
title: Traditional Chinese Medicine Conditioning and Health Preservation
pagenum: 206; label: Chapter 6.2
title: Western Medical Intervention Strategies
pagenum: 213; label: Chapter 6.3
title: Exercise Prescription and Training Principles
pagenum: 220; label: Chapter 6.4
title: Nutritional Regulation and Dietary Intervention
pagenum: 228; label: Chapter 6.5
title: Concepts of Personalized Intervention Design
pagenum: 236; label: Part 7
title: EMPIRICAL RESEARCH METHODS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
pagenum: 246; label: Chapter 7
title: Empirical Research Methods for Constitutional Health Interventions
pagenum: 246; label: Chapter 7.1
title: Research Design and Types
pagenum: 246; label: Chapter 7.2
title: Sample Selection and Grouping Strategies
pagenum: 254; label: Chapter 7.3
title: Intervention Process Control and Recording
pagenum: 262; label: Chapter 7.4
title: Data Analysis and Effect Evaluation
pagenum: 270; label: Chapter 7.5
title: Research Ethics and Standards
pagenum: 278; label: Part 8
title: CASE STUDIES OF PERSONALIZED HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
pagenum: 287; label: Chapter 8
title: Personalized Health Intervention Case Analysis
pagenum: 287; label: Chapter 8.1
title: Intervention Examples for Different Constitution Types
pagenum: 287; label: Chapter 8.2
title: Combined Exercise, Diet, and Psychological Interventions
pagenum: 294; label: Chapter 8.3
title: Intervention Effect Evaluation and Optimization
pagenum: 306; label: Chapter 8.4
title: Analysis of Successful Cases
pagenum: 314; label: Chapter 8.5
title: Failed Cases and Improvement Strategies
pagenum: 322; label: Part 9
title: APPLICATIONS AND PROMOTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE
pagenum: 331; label: Chapter 9
title: Applications and Promotion of Constitutional Health Science
pagenum: 331; label: Chapter 9.1
title: Community Health Management Applications
pagenum: 331; label: Chapter 9.2
title: School and Adolescent Health Management
pagenum: 339; label: Chapter 9.3
title: Corporate and Workplace Health Promotion
pagenum: 347; label: Chapter 9.4
title: Digital and Intelligent Constitution Management Tools
pagenum: 354; label: Chapter 9.5
title: Policy Recommendations and Social Promotion
pagenum: 361; label: Part 10
title: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
pagenum: 369; label: Chapter 10
title: Conclusion and Future Perspectives
pagenum: 369; label: Chapter 10.1
title: Summary of Key Research and Practice
pagenum: 369; label: Chapter 10.2
title: Theoretical Innovation and Practical Value
pagenum: 373; label: Chapter 10.3
title: Current Research Limitations and Challenges
pagenum: 380; label: Chapter 10.4
title: Future Development Directions
pagenum: 385; label: Chapter 10.5
title: Development Blueprint of Constitutional Health Science
pagenum: 390; label: References
title: 395