Swarm planning
Subtitle: the development of a planning methodology to deal with climate adaptation
By: Rob Roggema
Series: Springer Theses
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2014
Place of publication: Dordrecht; New York
Language: eng
Number of pages: 286
ISBN-13: 9789400771512
Copyright date: 2014
Subjects: Ecological landscape design; City planning; Environmental aspects; Regional planning; Climatic changes; Mathematical models; Sustainable design
Description: "This book shows that the problem of climate adaptation, which is described in social planning terms as wicked, is at odds with the contemporary practice of spatial planning. The author proposes a new adjusted framework which is more adaptable to unpredictable, wicked, dynamic and non-linear processes. The inspiration for this new method is the behaviour of swarms: bees, ants, birds and fish are capable of self-organization, which enables the system to become less vulnerable to sudden environmental changes. The framework proposed in Swarm Planning consists of these four elements: Two levels of complexity, the first being the whole system and the second its individual components. Each of these has different attributes for adapting to change. Five layers, consisting of networks, focal points, unplanned space, natural resources and emerging occupation patterns. Each layer has its own spatial dynamic, and each is connected to a spatial scale. Non-linear processes, which emerge in different parts of the framework and include emerging patterns, connectedness and tipping points among others. Two planning processes; the first, from small to large works upward from the slowest changing elements to more rapidly-changing ones. The second, on the list of partners addresses each layer from networks through emerging occupation patterns. Swarm Planning applies this framework to a series of pilot studies, and appraises its performance using criteria for an adaptive landscape. The results show that the use of the Swarm Planning Framework reduces the vulnerability of landscapes as well as the impact of climate hazards and disasters, improves response to unexpected hazards and contains adaptation strategies." --
Notes: Ph. D. Technische Hogeschool Delft 2012

Includes bibliographical references and index.
Table of contents: title: 1. Introduction, Methodology, Limitations; title: 2. Towards a Spatial Planning Framework for Climate Adaptation; title: 3. Developing a Planning Theory for Wicked Problems: Swarm Planning; title: 4. Incremental Change, Transition or Transformation? Optimising Change Pathways for Climate Adaptation in Spatial Planning; title: 5. The Use of Spatial Planning to Increase the Resilience for Future Turbulence in the Spatial System of the Groningen Region to Deal with Climate Change; title: 6. Swarming Landscapes, New Pathways for Resilient Cities; title: 7. Quadruple the Potential: Scaling the Energy Supply; title: 8. Beyond the Ordinary: Innovative Spatial Energy Framework Offers Perspectives on Increased Energy and Carbon Objectives; title: 9. Swarm Planning for Climate Change: An Alternative Pathway for Resilience; title: 10. Conclusion, Discussion and Recommendations.