Christian Philosophy
Subtitle: A Treatise On The Human Soul
Publisher: Benzinger Brothers
Published: 1898
Place of publication: New York, USA
Language: eng
Number of pages: 269
Table of contents: title: CONTENTS.; title: I. Notion and subject-matter of Psychology.; title: II. Sources:; title: (a) Introspection: S. Augustine, S. Thomas; Compte, S. Mill, Spencer, Maudsley, James, Sully, Hoffding.; title: (b) Objective aids.; title: III. A science:; title: Proper object, means and method: Hoffding, Lewes, Spencer, Bain, James, Ladd.; title: IV. Difficulties:; title: Subject-matter; method; phraseology, inadequate conceptions of man.; title: V. Relation to other sciences:; title: Logic, ethics, pedagogics, politics.; title: VI. Division:; title: (a) Psychology of soul, of mind, of will.; title: (b) Psychology of soul and modern writers, !e. g., Sully, James, Murray, Davis, Koelpe, Hoffding, Ladd and Bowne.; title: VII. Scholastic philosophy:; title: Historical importance; its interest to-day; failure of modern philosophy.; title: PROEMIUM.; title: Question stated; method followed.; title: CHAPTER I.; title: SUBSTANTIALITY OF SOUL.; title: I. Theories:; title: (a) Transcendental view, e. g., Kant and Wundt.; title: (b) Phenomenal view, e. g., Hume, Mill, Davis, Hoffding, Sully, Murray, James.; title: (c) Agnostic view, e. g., Locke, Thomson, Spencer, Laing, Hamilton, Bowen.; title: (d) Materialistic view, e. g.; Tyndall, Huxley.; title: (e) Scholastic theory, e. g., Aristotle, S. Thomas, S. Augustine.; title: II. Proof:; title: (a) From analysis of notion of ^ substance: Its elements are: Being, potency, stability, subject of modifications.; title: (b) Application to the soul.; title: (c) Concept more clearly defined.; title: III. Errors:; title: (a) Transcendental ego, i. e., the / is not a real, but only a logical subject.; title: (b) Phenomenal ego; the contention of the school of Associationists; examination of S. Mill.; title: (c) Buddhist theory.; title: CHAPTER II.; title: MATERIALISM.; title: I. History:; title: (a) Ancient and modern materialism.; title: (b) Origin and leaders of modern materialism, e. g., Moleschott, Vogt, Buchner.; title: (c) Scientific materialism, e. g., Tyndall, Huxley.; title: II. Doctrine:; title: (a) Inorganic world, organic world, man.; title: (b) Spencer's attempt.; title: (c) Two diverging tendencies: (i) Logical position; (2) double-aspect theory, e. g., Clifford, Bain, Spencer.; title: III. Arguments drawn:; title: (a) From fact that soul is only known in matter.; title: (b) From mental processes.; title: (c) From dependence of mind on body.; title: (d) From evolution.; title: IV. Criticism:; title: (a) One-sided and partial.; title: (b) Based on confusion of concepts.; title: (c) Method not scientific.; title: V. Influence:; title: (a) Reason of its influence.; title: (b) Opponents in France, England, America.; title: CHAPTER III.; title: SIMPLICITY OF SOUL.; title: I. Soul a unity.; title: II. The soul a simple unity:; title: (a) Not a collective unity, e. g., Hume, Mill, Spencer, Bain, Davis, Koelpe.; title: (b) Not a potential unity, e. g., Prof. Ladd, Hegel.; title: (c) Soul not a result, i. e., Positivist position, e. g., Taine, Ribot.; title: (d) Proof of simple unity:; title: (1) From consciousness.; title: (2) Ab absurdo.; title: (3) Criticism of Kant.; title: III. An immaterial simple unity:; title: (a) Mind and matter differently known.; title: (b) Mind and matter known as different things.; title: (c) From deaf-blind mutes.; title: CHAPTER IV.; title: POSITIVISM.; title: I. History:; title: (a) A philosophy, a sociology, and a religion.; title: (b) Origin, author, and different schools.; title: II. Doctrine:; title: (a) Fundamental tenets: Positive method, denial of what is above sense, idea of humanity.; title: (b) Law of historic filiation.; title: (c) Classification of sciences.; title: (d) Man and the science of man.; title: (e) Relation to Agnosticism explained:; title: (1) By interdependence.; title: (2) By their common source in Hume.; title: III. Influence:; title: (a) In general.; title: (b) In England, France, Germany, America.; title: (c) Adverse criticism.; title: IV. Criticism:; title: (a) Fundamental law is false.; title: (b) Not a philosophy.; title: (c) Doctrine of man is false.; title: (d) Proofs are assumptions.; title: (e) Positivism a misnomer.; title: CHAPTER V.; title: SPIRITUALITY OF SOUL.; title: I. Explanation of terms:; title: (a) Spirit, pure spirit, spirit and soul.; title: (b) Question stated.; title: II. Argument:; title: (a) From acts of intelligence:; title: (1) Superorganic notions and abstract sciences.; title: (2) Manner of conceiving material objects.; title: (3) Self-consciousness.; title: (b) From acts of will:; title: (1) Tendency to abstract classification.; title: (2) To superorganic objects.; title: (3) From conscience.; title: (4) From free-will.; title: (c) From human speech.; title: CHAPTER VI.; title: SPIRITUALITY OF SOUL AND MODERN SCIENCE.; title: I. Correlation of thought to structure of the brain:; title: (1) From quantity of brain-matter:; title: (a) Weight: absolute, relative, of races and of individuals.; title: (b) Measurement.; title: (2) From quality of brain-matter:; title: (a) Chemical qualities.; title: (b) Physical qualities, e. g., convolutions and gray-matter.; title: II. Localization of function:; title: (1) Theory of Gall.; title: (2) Cerebral physiology:; title: (a) Sensation.; title: (b) Nervous movement.; title: (c) Reason.; title: III. Psycho-physics:; title: (1) Origin and basis.; title: (2) Criticism:; title: (a) Intensity.; title: (b) Duration.; title: (c) Extension.; title: CHAPTER VII.; title: PANTHEISM.; title: I. Sources of modern Pantheism:; title: (1) Spinoza.; title: (2) German Pantheism of Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Schoffenhauer, Hartman.; title: (3) The Vedanta.; title: II. Influence:; title: (1) In England, e. g., Coleridge, Carlyle, Arnold, Wordsworth.; title: (2) In America, e. g., New England Transcendentalism: Emerson, Dr. Royce.; title: III. Neo-Hegelian School:; title: (1) Its beginnings.; title: (2) Its leaders in England and America.; title: (3) Professor Green's teaching.; title: IV. Criticism.; title: CHAPTER VIII.; title: SOUL AND BODY; title: I. Question stated.; title: II. Theories:; title: (1) Exaggerated Spiritualism, e. g., Des Cartes, Malebranche, Leibnitz.; title: (2) Accidental union, e. g., Plato, Locke, Lotze, Ladd, Rosmini.; title: (3) Monistic theory, e. g., Prof. Clifford, Bain, H. Spencer.; title: (4) Scholastic theory, i. e., matter and form.; title: (a) A duality in every substance as shown by science and by ordinary observation.; title: (b) Hence the inference to a duality in its composition.; title: (c) "First matter" and "substantial form."; title: (d) Hierarchy of forms.; title: (e) Duality in man: hence body and soul: and place of soul in human body.; title: CHAPTER IX.; title: BRAIN AND THOUGHT; title: I. "Thought produced by the brain:"; title: (1) Battle-ground between Christian and non-Christian philosophy.; title: (2) Meaning of word "thought."; title: (3) Meaning of word "produced."; title: II. Brain and sensation:; title: (1) Simple subject necessary. i; title: (2) Sensation is quantitative.; title: (3) Hence animated organism is subject of sensation.; title: III. Brain and thought:; title: (1) Mind essentially different from sensation.; title: (2) Cerebral activity a condition for thought.; title: (3) Hence body- not organ of thought.; title: IV. Thought not cerebral motion:; title: (1) Opinions of Spencer, Tyndall, Clifford, Bain, James.; title: (2) Criticism.; title: (3) Testimony of Du Bois, Reymond, Ferrier, Tyndall, Ladd.; title: CHAPTER X.; title: ORIGIN OF SOUL.; title: I. Theory of emanation, i. e., Pantheism.; title: II. Theory of traducianism, i. e., Tertullian.; title: III. Theory of manifestation, i. e., Prof. Ladd.; title: IV. Theory of evolution, i. e, Mr. Spencer.; title: V. Theory of creation, i. e., Christian philosophy.; title: CHAPTER XI.; title: IMMORTALITY.; title: I. Theories:; title: (1) Materialistic, e. g., vulgar and scientific materialism.; title: (2) Pantheistic.; title: (3) Sceptical, e. g., S. Mill, Emerson, Arnold, G. Eliot; title: II. Substitutes:; title: (1) Indestructibility of material elements of the body.; title: (2) Conservation of energy.; title: (3) Doctrine of Karma.; title: (4) Immortality of Glory.; title: III. The fact:; title: (1) Belief in future life is universal.; title: (2) Exceptions:; title: Early Jews.; title: Buddhists.; title: IV. Reasons for the belief:; title: (1) Psychological, e. g., S. Thomas, criticism of Prof. Ladd.; title: (2) Moral.; title: (3) Philosophical:; title: (a) From intellect.; title: (b) From will.; title: (c) From fundamental desires.; title: (4) Analogical — no such word as annihilation.; title: CHAPTER XII.; title: PERSONALITY.; title: I. Definition of personality the task of Christian philosophy.; title: II. Theories:; title: (1) Memory, i. e., Locke and Mill.; title: (2) Consciousness, i. e., Kant.; title: (3) The Bampton Lecturer of 1891.; title: (4) Of evolution, e. g., Ribot.; title: III. Christian philosophy:; title: (1) Definition of S. Thomas.; title: (2) Person embraces:; title: (a) Rational nature.; title: (b) Individual substance.; title: (3) Illustrated:; title: (a) In Incarnation.; title: (b) In civil law.; title: (c) In human speech.