Energy balance in motion
By: Klaas R. Westerterp
Series: SpringerBriefs in physiology; SpringerBriefs in physiology
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2013
Place of publication: Heidelberg; New York
Language: eng
Number of pages: 111
ISBN-13: 9783642346262
Subjects: Bioenergetics; Human physiology; Energy Metabolism; Physiology; MEDICAL / Physiology; SCIENCE / Life Sciences / Human Anatomy & Physiology
Description: Energy balance can be maintained by adapting energy intake to changes in energy expenditure and vice versa, where short-term changes in energy expenditure are mainly caused by physical activity. Questions are whether physical activity is affected by over and under-eating, is intake affected by an increase or a decrease in physical activity, and does overweight affect physical activity? Presented evidence is largely based on studies where physical activity is quantified with doubly labeled water. Overeating does not affect physical activity while under-eating decreases habitual or voluntary physical activity. Thus, it is easier to gain weight than to lose weight. An exercise induced increase in energy requirement is compensated by intake while a change to a more sedentary routine does not induce an equivalent reduction of intake and generally results in weight gain. Overweight and obese subjects have similar activity energy expenditures than lean people despite they move less. There are two options to reverse the general population trend for an increasing body weight, reducing intake or increasing physical activity. Based on the results presented, eating less is most effective for preventing weight gain, despite a potential negative effect on physical activity when reaching a negative energy balance.
Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-109) and index.
Table of contents: title: Introduction, Energy Balance in Animals --; title: Energy Balance --; title: Limits in Energy Expenditure --; title: Energy Expenditure, Physical Activity, Body Weight and Body Composition --; title: Extremes in Energy Intake --; title: Body Weight --; title: Growth, Growth Efficiency and Ageing --; title: Modern Man in Line with Wild Mammals.