Sharing design rights
Subtitle: a commons approach for developing infrastructure
By: Nuno Gil, Carliss Y. Baldwin
Contributors: Baldwin, Carliss Y. (Carliss Young), author; Harvard Business School
Series: Working paper / Harvard Business School -- 14-025; Working paper (Harvard Business School) -- 14-025
Publisher: Harvard Business School
Published: 2014
Place of publication: Boston
Language: eng
Number of pages: 40
Work titles: Creating a design commons
Description: This study empirically investigates the relationship between design structure and organization structure in the context of new infrastructure development projects. Our research setting is a capital program to develop new school buildings in the city of Manchester, UK. Instead of creating a controlled, hierarchical organization, which would mirror the buildings' design structure, the Manchester City Council created a "commons organization," and chose to share decision-rights with local claimants. Each school's faculty was thus given rights equal to Council staff to participate in the design process and to approve the school's design. In the natural resources literature, commons theory predicts that, if a robust governance structure is created, this complex form of organizing gives claimants incentives to contribute to the enterprise whilst dampening collective action problems (Ostrom 1990). Here we extend this claim to the production of man-made artifacts. The design commons induced teachers to volunteer time and effort to communicate their practical knowledge, but created corresponding tensions over interdependent choices for the final design. Yet, none of the projects succumbed to collective action problems in the form of budget overruns, bogged-down processes, or users feeling disenfranchised. Applying Ostrom's (1990) principles of robust commons governance, we show that the Manchester design commons organization was robust by her criteria and propose that robustness contributed positively to the outcome. We also discuss design flexibility as an intervening variable that was critical in reconciling differences that governance alone could not resolve. We conclude with the rudiments of a theory describing when and why a commons organization can be advantageous for production of designs.
Notes: "September 2013. (Revised January 2014.)"--Publisher's Web site.

Revision of Creating a design commons: lessons from teachers' participation in the design of new schools.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-40).