Pharmacokinetics
Publisher: Bookboon.com
Published: 2013
Table of contents: title: Contenido; title: 1. ADME and Pharmacokinetics; title: 1.1. ADME – Absorption Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion; title: 1.2. Pharmacokinetics; title: 2. Absorption: Absorption rate constant, Bioavailability and Salt factor; title: 2.1. Passive diffusion and other mechanisms by which drugs may cross biological membranes; title: 2.2. Rate of drug absorption and the Absorption rate constant (Ka); title: 2.3. Bioavailability; title: 2.4. Salt factor; title: 3. Distribution: Compartments and Volume of Distribution; title: 3.1. The rate of distribution and compartments; title: 3.2. One compartment model; title: 3.3. Two compartment model; title: 3.4. The extent of distribution; title: 3.5. Volume of distribution; title: 3.6. Using the volume of distribution to calculate dose size; title: 3.7. Practice calculations; title: 4. Elimination: Elimination rate constant, half-life and clearance; title: 4.1. Elimination rate constant and half-life; title: 4.2. Clearance; title: 4.3. Practice calculations; title: 5. Single intravenous bolus injection into one compartment; title: 5.1. Concentration versus time graph; title: 5.2. Relationship between time and concentration; title: 5.3. Area Under the Curve (AUC); title: 5.4. Practice calculations; title: 5.5. Appendix 1; title: 5.6. Appendix 2; title: 6. Analysis of experimental data from a bolus i.v; title: 6.1. injection into one compartment; title: 6.2. Analysis of clinical trials data; title: 6.3. Analysis of data arising in a clinical setting; title: 6.4. Practice calculations; title: 6.5. Appendix 1; title: 6.6. Appendix 2; title: 7. Single intravenous bolus injection into two compartments; title: 7.1. The model to be considered; title: 7.2. Drug concentrations in blood and the rest of the first compartment; title: 7.3. Determining how many compartments a drug occupies; title: 7.4. Drug concentration in the second compartment; title: 7.5. Two compartment systems and therapeutic drug monitoring for digoxin; title: 8 Constant intravenous infusion; title: 8.1.The model to be considered; title: 8.2. Concentration versus time curve during infusion; title: 8.3. Relationship between rate of infusion and concentration at steady state; title: 8.4. Loading doses; title: 8.5. The accumulation period; title: 8.6. Practice questions; title: 8.7. Appendix; title: 9. Extravascular administration; title: 9.1. The situation to be considered; title: 9.2. Concentration versus time curve; title: 9.3. Changing the rate of absorption; title: 9.4. Cmax and Tmax; title: 9.5. Determination of bioavailability for extravascular doses; title: 9.6. Trapezoidal rule – A practical method to measure AUC; title: 9.7. Practice question; title: 9.8. Appendix; title: 10. Multiple dosing; title: 10.1. Pharmacokinetic accumulation and steady state; title: 10.2. Multiple extravascular doses; title: 10.3. Concentrations at steady state; title: 10.4. Loading dose; title: 10.5. Accumulation stage; title: 10.6. Extent of fluctuation in drug concentrations; title: 10.7. Practice questions; title: 10.8. Appendix; title: 11. Non-linear pharmacokinetics; title: 11.1. Considering drug metabolism as an enzyme catalysed reaction; title: 11.2. Exceptions to linearity; title: 11.3. Effect of non-linearity on the relationship between dose and drug concentration; title: 11.4. Clinical significance of non-linear kinetics; title: 11.5. Non-linear kinetics and drug development; title: 12. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetics; title: 12.1. The case for non-compartmental methods; title: 12.2. Calculation methods; title: 12.3. More complex situations; title: 13. Computerized analysis of pharmacokinetic data; title: 13.1. Least squares fitting; title: 13.2. Practice question; title: 14. Creatinine clearance; title: 14.1. Clearance of creatinine and various drugs; title: 14.2. Digoxin dosing; title: 14.3. Practice questions; title: 15. Pharmacokinetic symbols and equations; title: 15.1. Symbols; title: 15.2. Cockcroft and Gault equations; title: 16. Additional material available from the internet; title: 17. Answers to practice questions