The Pope Of Rome And The Popes Of The Oriental Orthodox Church
Subtitle: an essay on monarchy in the church, with special reference to Russia, from original documents, Russian and Greek.
Publisher: Longmans, Green, and Co.
Published: 1871
Place of publication: London, England
Language: eng
Table of contents: title: CONTENTS; title: INTRODUCTION, pp. 1-9.; title: Progress of infidelity — Impotency of Protestantism to resist it — The State Churches — Probable disestablishment of that of England — What will follow? — Apprehensions for the religious future of England — Manifestations of sympathy towards the Oriental Orthodox Church — Attempts at union with her — Consequences of this reunion if realised — On the contest about the procession of the Holy Ghost, pp. 1-5, text and note. Reason of this work — The discussion confined to the government of the Oriental Orthodox Church — Division of the work — Why we shall speak mare especially of Russia — Statistics of the Oriental Orthodox Church pp. 5-9, note.; title: CHAPTER I.; title: THB ORIENTAL ORTHODOX CHURCH IS ACTUALLY SO GOVERNED AS NOT TO ALLOW OF HER BEING CONSISTENT WITH HER OWN DOCTRINE CONCERNING THB RIGHTS OF BISHOPS IN THE GOVERNMENT OF THB CHURCH, pp. 10-115.; title: Doctrine of the Oriental Orthodox Church concerning her government — The Church ought to be governed by bishops, pp. 10-13.; title: (A) ORTHODOX CHURCH OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE; title: This Church is administered through the Holy Synod of St. Petersburg — The Synod likened by the Russians to a Council, pp. 13, 14. (Statutes of the Synod, or the 'Spiritual Regulation,' p. 15, note). The Synod composed of men taken 'from the different ranks of the ecclesiastical hierarchy' — Reasons which suggested such composition, pp. 15-17. Original minority of bishops — Early remarks against it — The number of the bishops successively increased — How this modification was carried out— The present composition of the Synod — Remarks, pp. 17-20.; title: Contests as to the Russian Church being really governed by the Tsar, pp. 21,22.; title: History of the Establishment of the Synod — The State Colleges created by Peter the Great in 1718, p. 22. Peter's fear of conscience — Ukase (in extenso) for the establishment of the Synod, pp. 22-25 — The Synod a State College like the others — Why and when its original name of 'Spiritual College' was changed into that of 'Most Holy Synod,' pp. 25-26 — The 'Appendix' to the 'Spiritual Regulation' — Synod's jurisdiction fixed by the Tsar — Ukase (in extenso) for the creation of the Chief Procurator of the Synod, pp. 26-28.; title: Remarks on Peter's proceeding— His mere style an outrage to the Russian bishops — Abdication by them of their personal dignity, pp. 28-80. Document sent to Voltaire concerning the establishment of the Synod — Attempt at opposition to the despotism of Peter — (Voltaire's history of Peter the Great — Writing forbidden to Russian Monks). Peter's and Luther's 'So I will,' pp. 30-36, text and notes. Abdication by the Russian bishops of their right of being rulers of the Church — Peter's crafty policy in bringing about the establishment of the Synod — The Orthodox Church, through want of external unity, resembles political society — Application to her, by Peter, of the theory of 'accomplished facts 9 — Of the recognition, by the Oriental Patriarchs, of Peter's Holy Synod, two years and eight months after its establishment , pp. 36-39. Voltaire's judgment of Peter's design confirmed by that of the Protestant historians of- Peter, pp. 39-40 and note.; title: Oath taken by the members of the Synod (in extenso), pp. 40-41 and note. The Tsar acknowledged by them upon oath as 'supreme judge of the Synod' — Remarks upon this oath, pp. 42-43 and note.; title: 'Instruction' of the Chief Procurator of the Synod — It is identical with that of the General Procurator of the Senate — Quotations from this single yet two-faced Instruction — Duties of the Chief Procurator of the Synod (the same, respectively, as thoee of the General Procurator of the Senate)--The Tsar just as much the judge of the Synod as he is the judge of the Senate, pp. 43-46. Other quotations from the same two-faced Instruction — Remarks, pp. 46-48.; title: The administrative and legislative powers of the Russian Church both in the hands of the Tsar — Synod and Senate both termed 'governing,' and in what sense, p. 48. Synod a mere organ or instrument, through which the Tsar acts — Testimony of the Russian jurists, Mikhailoff and Speranski, pp. 48-50 — Testimony of the Russian Code of Laws — Synod and Ministries compared — The administrative power belongs, in its entire extent, to the Tsar, pp. 51-53. Definition of the legislative power by Blackstone and Stephen, pp. 53-54. The Russian Code on the composition, explanation, and completion of the laws, pp. 54-56.; title: The Tsars and the Ecclesiastical Canons — Division of canons into dogmatical and disciplinary — The Kormchaia Kniga — Canons admitted by the Oriental Orthodox Church — How Peter the Great acted with respect to them, pp. 66-62 and notes — (The divorce of the Grand-Duke Constantine Paulovich, brother of Alexander I., and the 35th canon of St. Basilius the Great, pp. 61-62, note.); title: The Bishops in their relations to the Synod — The 'Spiritual Regulation' on the Russian bishops' submission to the Synod — Contradiction with the Orthodox doctrine, pp. 62-64 and note. In what sense the Synod is the 'supreme power' for the bishops — Rite for the election and consecration of bishops. Limits to their obedience to the Synod — Quotations from the oath taken by them — The Tsar the source of the Synod's jurisdiction; his will the test of the moral obligation of its prescriptions — The 'Statute of the Ecclesiastical Consistories' pp. 64-68. Quotations from it, showing prodigious extent of the bishops' submission to the Synod — Comparison with the Catholic bishops' submission to the Pope, pp. 68-73. The Secretary of the Ecclesiastical Consistories — His functions and duties, pp. 73, 74.; title: The enslavement of the Russian Church by the Tsar , not a mere fact but a kind of dogma for her — Complete distinction between the civil and ecclesiastical powers, each moving in its own sphere, pp. 74-75, and note. Principles laid down in the Spiritual Regulation' — Peter the Great's opinion on the matter, pp. 76-77. Catherine II.'s declaration that 'sovereigns are invested with the supreme authority in the Church' p. 77 'The Tsar, in the 1 Act of Succession' of Paul I., and the Pope St. Leo, in the Russian liturgy, both called 'Head of the Church' — How this title is explained by each of them, pp. 78-81 . Ukases of Paul I.'s successors, p. 81.; title: The Russian Catechisms — The three principal catechisms, pp. 81-82 — Catechism of Peter the Great — Its orthodoxy judged by Protestants, pp. 82-83 and note. Explanation of the fifth commandment in Peter's Catechism — (Of the different division of the Ten Commandments in the Catholic and in the Oriental Orthodox Church) pp. 84-86 and note. Catechism of Platon, metropolitan of Moscow — Bacmeister's judgment of its orthodoxy — Extracts from it, pp. 86-90. Doctrine virtually contained in these two catechisms — Aphorisms concerning the power of the Tsar, pp. 90-92. (Of the note appended to Art. 42 of the Russian Code of Laws concerning the title of 'Head of the Church' applied to the Tsar, p. 91, note). The Church totally deprived of her right of self-government — Catechism of Mgr. Filaret — Striking omissions in it — The episcopal office reduced to the bare administration of sacraments and the teaching of the word of God, pp. 92-94.; title: Marks of servility exhibited in the liturgical books of the Russian Church — The imperial family's names in huge capital letters — Formula of approbation of the liturgical books — Remarks, pp. 95-97 — Extracts from the 'Rite for the election and consecration of a Bishop' — Of the election of bishops in the Russian Church, pp. 97-101 — The office of Orthodoxy — Anathema against those who deny that the gifts of the Holy Ghost are poured out upon Orthodox Sovereigns, pp. 101-103 — Tacitus' 'Praisers the worst kind of enemies' applied to the praisers of the Bnssian Church, as regards the consequences of their praises, pp. 101-103.; title: Prescription of the Criminal Code concerning the revelation of the secret or confession — Arguments for quieting the conscience of priests : 'Tell it to the Church' in Matt, xviii. 15-17, pp. 104-106.; title: Peter the Great's 'I am your patriarch' — Account of the feet printed at St. Petersburg, pp. 106-107.; title: Questions to English Protestant divines — Remarks on the behaviour of the rest of the Oriental Orthodox Church with regard to the State Church of Russia, pp. 107-109.; title: (B) ORTHODOX CHURCH OF THE KINGDOM OF GREECE; title: The King proclaimed in the Council of Nauplia (1833) 4 Head of the Church' with regard to her administration — Of the royal delegate attached to the Synod of Athens, pp. 109-111.; title: (C) ORTHODOX CHURCH OF THE TURKISH EMPIRE; title: Judgment of Dean Stanley — Right solemnly conferred by this Church on the Sultan of finally settling disputes among Patriarchs — Address of thanksgiving to the Sultan in 1853, pp. 111-115. Conclusion of the first Chapter, p. 115.; title: CHAPTER II.; title: THB ORIENTAL ORTHODOX CHURCH IS REALLY DIVIDED INTO SEVERAL SEPARATE AND INDEPENDENT CHURCHES AND EVEN PAPACIES, WHILST CATHOLICS ADMIT ONLY ONE CHURCH AND ONE POPE, pp. 116-144.; title: Misconceptions of the Catholic doctrine concerning the Pope — Real and imaginary Catholicism — Instance taken from the 'Orthodox Doctrine of the Oriental Church,' by the Archimandrite Makary, pp. 116-117. Of the invisible and visible portions of the Church — The latter needs visible governors — In what different sense the title of 'Head of the Church' is applied to Jesus Christ, and in what to men — How perfectly the 'Orthodox Confession' and the 'Catechism of the Council of Trent' both agree in stating that difference of meaning — The Pope, called 'Head of the Church ' in the 'Catechism of the Council of Trent,' in the very same sense in which the bishops are called 'Heads of the Church' in the 'Orthodox Confession' — Accordingly, the question is one of the Church's form of government, pp. 117-122.; title: Of unity, as a mark of the true Church of Jesus Christ — How fer the Oriental Orthodox Church agrees with Protestants in the explanation of the mark of unity — Consequences, pp. 122-124.; title: The Oriental Orthodox Church divided into several Papacies — What the Pope is with regard to the government of the Church — Three powers of the Pope of Borne : the doctrinal power, the power of order, and the power of jurisdiction — How distinct and separate these powers are — That which, with regard to the government of the Church, makes the Pope to be Pope is the last, or the power of jurisdiction, pp. 125-128.; title: Jurisdiction of the Tsar compared to that of the Pope — Whether the Tsar is bound by the canons of his Church. 'Faith alone preserves him within the bounds of holy justice' — Extract from Schnitzler, and remarks on his statements — Nicholas Tourgeneff on the Pope — Effects of the episcopal consecration, pp. 128-133.; title: What the Tsar is in Russia, the King of Greece is in his kingdom, pp. 133-134. Of the Concordat of the Hellenic Church with the Church of Constantinople in 1852, p. 134, note.; title: Of the (Ecumenical Councils considered as limiting the jurisdiction of the Tsar and of the King of Greece — Who has power authoritatively to assemble such a Council? question still pending — Instance taken from the recent convocation of an (Ecumenical Council by the Patriarch of Constantinople — The number of (Ecumenical Councils of the Oriental Orthodox Church apparently fixed for ever — The seven pillars' of the House of Wisdom and the seven Seals — No such Councils can be held without the consent of the Tsar and of the King of Greece — Their behaviour concerning the canons of the seven past (Ecumenical Councils admitted by them, a pledge of a similar line of conduct with regard to future canons of any future (Ecumenical Council, pp. 135-138.; title: Of the four Oriental Patriarchs — They cannot be considered separately as Popes; they constitute together a sort of oligarchy — Development of the Roman papacy compared to that of the patriarchal dignity — Re-consecration of Patriarchs for the second and even the third time — 'A double grace required to be Patriarch' — (Did not the Oriental Orthodox Church create a new dogma in 1672?) — The oligarchy formed by the Oriental Patriarchs taken as a whole — The Patriarch of Constantinople professing to be entrusted by God 'With the care of all the Churches,' pp. 138-142 and notes.; title: Conclusion of the Second Chapter — Enslavement, as a first fruit, borne by the denial of the Church's external unity of government, as a mark of the true Church of Jesus Christ, pp. 141-144.; title: CHAPTER III.; title: THE ORIENTAL ORTHODOX CHURCH IS LIABLE TO ANY REVOLUTION, JUST AS CIVIL SOCIETIES ARE, pp. 145-160.; title: What we mean by revolution — Theory of revolutions — By what they are originated — The Oriental Orthodox Church more powerless against them than civil societies ordinarily are — Revolutions from within and from without, pp. 145-147.; title: Peter the Great's reformation a revolution from without, viz., from the civil power — Extract from the 1 Spiritual Regulation' — The Oriental Orthodox Church unable to oppose any such revolution, pp. 147-150.; title: The proclamation of the independence of the Hellenic Church in 1833, as an instance of revolution from within — Of the recognition of her independence by the Patriarch of Constantinople, seventeen years after it had been proclaimed — The 'Synodical Volume' — Refutation of it by the Archimandrite Pharmakides — Extracts from this refutation — Principles laid down in it— The seed and the previous apology of all possible revolutions are both to be found in it, pp. 160-154. The lessons of the Archimandrite Pharmakides reduced to practice by Prince Couza in Roumania, and by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, pp. 154-155.; title: The chief authorities of the Oriental Orthodox Church of human institution — What men have made men can destroy — Whether it is not a duty for this Church to conform herself to the tendency of the times, and constitute herself a republic — An Orthodox ecclesiastical republic not beyond the limits of possibility, pp. 155-157. What would follow if the cherished dream of Russian patriots should be realised, pp. 157-158. The Oriental Orthodox Church unable finally to settle disputes of jurisdiction — To what her episcopal jurisdiction is reduced — Catholicism or revolution, pp. 158-160.; title: CHAPTER IV.; title: THE ROMAN PAPACY, pp. 161-181.; title: The Church in a perfect sense the Society of God — Her founder is Jesus Christ — He must have told her who ought to be entrusted with the supreme government in the Church, pp. 160-161.; title: How can we know Jesus Christ's will on that point? — Of the best form of government, pp. 161-163. Patent fact which can lead us to discover Jesus Christ's will : there has always been in the Church some authority superior to that of simple bishops — An authority appointed by Jesus Christ must have existed from the time of Jesus Christ.; title: Application of this principle to the chief authorities of the Oriental Orthodox Church — The patriarchates of Alexandria and of Antioch alone might in this respect advance some claim to a divine origin — Their history is connected with that of St. Peter — Both unfit for a Catholic or 'universal' Church — The Church's conduct towards them to be listened to, pp. 163- 166.; title: The only authority fit for a Catholic ( universal) Church, leading us back to Jesus Christ, and spoken of in the Church as coming from Jesus Christ, is the Pope of Rome— Whether this authority is able to preserve the Church from enslavement — May revolutions threaten the Catholic Church? — Is the jurisdiction of the Bishops in this Church effectually supported? — How the episcopal authority is strengthened by that of the Pope — Extract from the dogmatical constitution, 'de Ecdesia,' issued by the Vatican Council (July 18, 1870), pp. 166-170.; title: Limits to the Pope's authority and power of jurisdiction stated by St. Bernard — Illustration taken from civil Governments, pp. 171-172. Of the Pope's abuses of power — The increased number of rulers too often increases the amount of human passions, preventing the right exercise of the supreme authority — Pope's infallibility and impeccability, their distinctness — Abuses of power in a Pope are possible — Saints have acknowledged, and Popes have confessed them — Extract from St. Leonard daPortoMaurizio concerning the Popes at the universal judgment, pp. 172-174. (Father Newman on the Pope, p. 175, note). Nobody has more constantly and more effectually protested against the Pope's abuses of power than the Popes themselves — How? — The conduct of the Popes and that of the Reformer of Wittemberg — Jesus Christ mutilated by Luther, pp. 175-176.; title: What is good for the Church — Fatalism and filial confidence in God — Always some need of reform in the Catholic Church — How this is connected with the return of the Oriental Orthodox Church to Catholic unity, pp. 176-178. (The Barnabite Father Schouvaloff and the Association of Prayers for the return of the Oriental Orthodox Church to Catholic unity, p. 178 note.); title: Of the most sure and powerful means to bring about the most perfect reform in the Catholic Church — Reform and schisms — For truth's sake — What is truth? — 'They were not of the seed of those men by whom salvation was brought to Israel,' pp. 178-181.; title: POSTSCRIPT.; title: Striking analogy between the State Church of England and the State Church of Russia — Whether we have written for the former or the latter, pp. 182-183.