The role of public health improvements in health advances
Subtitle: The 20th century United States
By: David M. Cutler, Grant Miller.
Contributors: Miller, Grant.; National Bureau of Economic Research.
Series: NBER working paper series ;; working paper 10511; Working paper series (National Bureau of Economic Research : Online) ;; working paper no. 10511.
Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research
Published: 2004
Place of publication: Cambridge, MA
Language: eng
Format: Electronic resource
Subjects: Mortality -- United States -- History -- 20th century.; Drinking water -- United States -- History -- 20th century.; Public health -- United States -- History -- 20th century.
Description: "Mortality rates in the US fell more rapidly during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries than any other period in American history.  This decline coincided with an epidemiological transition and the disappearance of a mortality "penalty" associated with living in urban areas.  There is little empirical evidence and much unresolved debate about what caused these improvements, however.  This paper investigates the causal influence of clean water technologies - filtration and chlorination - on mortality in major cities during the early 20th Century.  Plausibly exogenous variation in the timing and location of technology adoption is used to idetify these effects, and the validity of this identifying assumption is examined in detail.  We find that clean water was responsible for nearly half of the total mortality reduction in major cities, three-quarters of the infant mortality reduction, and nearly two-thirds of the child mortality reduction.  Rough calculations suggest that the social rate of return to these technologies was greater than 23 to 1 with a cost per life-year saved by clean water of about $500 in 2003 dollars.  Implications for developing countries are briefly considered"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Notes: Includes bibliographical references.
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