Foundation design
Subtitle: theory and practice
By: N.S.V. Kameswara Rao
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2011
Place of publication: Hoboken, N.J
Language: eng
Number of pages: 634
ISBN-13: 9780470825341
Subjects: Foundations
Description: "Foundation Engineering focuses on the analysis and design of foundations using rational approaches to a large extent. Soil-Structure interaction approach using Winkler model for soil representation is discussed in detail along with conventional approach. It also presents the structural design methods using codes of practice for limit state design of RC structures. Analysis and design of commonly constructed shallow foundations as well as circular and annular foundations have been presented in detail. Pile foundations subjected to general loads and moments are discussed in detail.Presents updated design procedures in light of revised codes and standards, covering American Concrete Institute (ACI) codes Eurocode 7 Other British Standard-based codes Provides background material provided for easy understanding of the topics, such as: Code provisions for reinforced concrete Pile design and construction Machine foundations and construction practices Tests for obtaining the design parameters Covers subjects not covered in other foundation texts: Soil-structure interaction approaches using analytical, numerical, finite element methods Analysis and design of circular and annular foundations Analysis and design of Piles and groups subjected to general loads and movements Contains worked out examples to illustrate the analysis and design Provides several problems for practice at the end of each chapter Lecture materials for instructors available from the book's Companion Website"--

"Foundation Engineering focuses on the analysis and design of foundations using rational approaches to a large extent. Soil-Structure interaction approach using"--
Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p. [619]-623) and index.
Table of contents: title: Machine generated contents note: -- 1.; title: Introduction -- -- 1.1.; title: Foundations, Soils and Superstructures -- -- 1.2.; title: Classification of Foundations -- -- 1.2.1.; title: Shallow Foundation -- -- 1.2.2.; title: Deep Foundations -- -- 1.3.; title: Selection of Type of Foundation -- -- 1.4.; title: General Guidelines for Design -- -- 1.5.; title: Modeling, Parameters, Analysis and Design Criteria -- -- 1.6.; title: Soil Maps -- -- 2.; title: Engineering Properties of Soil -- -- 2.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 2.2.; title: Basic Soil Relations -- -- 2.2.1.; title: Grain Size Distribution -- -- 2.2.2.; title: Plasticity and the Atterberg's Limits -- -- 2.3.; title: Soil Classification -- -- 2.4.; title: Permeability -- -- 2.4.1.; title: Quick Sand Condition and Critical Hydraulic Gradient -- -- 2.5.; title: Over Consolidation Ratio -- -- 2.6.; title: Relative Density -- -- 2.7.; title: Terzaghi's Effective Stress Principle -- -- 2.8.; title: Compaction of Soils -- -- 2.9.; title: Consolidation and Compressibility -- -- 2.9.1.; title: Compressibility Characteristics and Settlement of Soils -- -- 2.9.2.; title: Time Rate of Consolidation -- -- 2.10.; title: Shear Strength of Soils -- -- 2.10.1.; title: Direct Shear Test -- -- 2.10.2.; title: Vane Shear Test; title: 2.10.3.; title: Triaxial Shear Test -- -- 2.10.4.; title: Unconfined Compression Test -- -- 2.10.5.; title: Correlations -- -- 2.10.6.; title: Sensitivity and Thixotropy -- -- 2.11.; title: Soil Exploration and Sampling -- -- 2.11.1.; title: Purposes of Soil Exploration -- -- 2.12.; title: Site Investigation -- Boring, Sampling and Testing -- -- 2.12.1.; title: Minimum Depth of Bore Holes -- -- 2.13.; title: Split Spoon Sampler and Standard Penetration Test -- -- 2.14.; title: Cone Penetration Test -- -- 2.15.; title: Field Vane Shear Test -- -- 2.16.; title: Other In Situ Tests -- -- 2.17.; title: Summary -- -- 2.18.; title: Examples --; title: Exercise Problems -- -- 3.; title: Bearing Capacity, Settlement, Stresses and Lateral Pressures in Soils -- -- 3.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 3.1.1.; title: General and Local Shear Failure of Soils -- -- 3.1.2.; title: Punching Shear Failure -- -- 3.1.3.; title: Failure Due to Large Settlements -- -- 3.1.4.; title: Allowable or Design Soil Pressure -- -- 3.2.; title: Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations -- -- 3.2.1.; title: Prandtl's Theory for Shallow Foundations -- -- 3.2.2.; title: Terzaghi's Theory for Shallow Foundations -- -- 3.2.3.; title: Modified Bearing Capacity Factors for Smooth Base -- -- 3.2.4.; title: Factors of Safety -- -- 3.2.5.; title: General Bearing Capacity Solutions; title: 3.2.6.; title: Effect of Ground Water Table -- -- 3.2.7.; title: Other Factors -- -- 3.3.; title: Bearing Capacity of Deep Foundations -- -- 3.3.1.; title: Types of Deep Foundations -- -- 3.3.2.; title: Bearing Capacity -- -- 3.4.; title: Correlation of UBC and ASP with SPT Values and CPT Values -- -- 3.4.1.; title: SPT Values -- -- 3.4.2.; title: Correlation to N Values -- -- 3.4.3.; title: CPT Values -- -- 3.5.; title: UBC and Probable Settlements Using Field Plate Load Test -- -- 3.5.1.; title: Spring Constant from Total Deformation -- -- 3.5.2.; title: Settlement -- -- 3.5.3.; title: Ultimate Bearing Capacity -- -- 3.6.; title: Elastic Stress and Displacement Distribution in Soils -- -- 3.7.; title: Settlement Analysis -- -- 3.7.1.; title: Immediate Settlement -- -- 3.7.2.; title: Settlement Due to Consolidation -- -- 3.7.3.; title: Settlement Due to Secondary Consolidation -- -- 3.8.; title: Lateral Earth Pressure -- -- 3.8.1.; title: Fundamental Relationships Between Lateral Pressure and Backfill Movement -- -- 3.8.2.; title: Rankine's Theory -- -- 3.8.3.; title: Coulomb's Theory of Earth Pressure -- -- 3.9.; title: Coefficient of Earth Pressure at Rest -- -- 3.10.; title: Other Theories of Lateral Pressure -- -- 3.11.; title: Examples -- -- 3.11.1.; title: Examples in Bearing Capacity (Sections 3.2 to 3.5) -- -- 3.11.2.; title: Examples in Stress Distribution in Soils (Section 3.6); title: 3.11.3.; title: Examples in Settlement Analysis (Section 3.7) -- -- 3.11.4.; title: Examples in Lateral Pressures (Sections 3.8 to 3.10) --; title: Exercise Problems -- -- 4.; title: Rational Design of Shallow Foundations -- -- 4.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 4.2.; title: Shallow Foundations -- -- 4.3.; title: Conventional Design and Rational Design -- -- 4.4.; title: Procedures for the Design of Footings -- -- 4.4.1.; title: Depth of Footings -- -- 4.4.2.; title: Proportioning the Size of the Footing -- -- 4.4.3.; title: Stress on Lower Strata -- -- 4.4.4.; title: Settlement of Footings -- -- 4.4.5.; title: Design Considerations for Eccentric Loading -- -- 4.4.6.; title: Inclined Loads -- -- 4.4.7.; title: Footings on Slopes -- -- 4.4.8.; title: Uplift of Footings -- -- 4.5.; title: Conventional Structural Design of Footings -- -- 4.6.; title: Foundations in Difficult Soil Formations -- -- 4.6.1.; title: Sites with Possible Soil Erosion -- -- 4.6.2.; title: Foundations with Susceptibility of Corrosion -- -- 4.6.3.; title: Sites with Water Fluctuation or Near Large-Scale Mining Operations -- -- 4.6.4.; title: Foundations in Loose Sand -- -- 4.6.5.; title: Foundations on Loess or Other Collapsible Soils -- -- 4.6.6.; title: Foundations on Clays or Silts -- -- 4.6.7.; title: Foundations on Expansive Soils -- -- 4.6.8.; title: Foundations on Garbage Land Fills or Sanitary Landfills; title: 4.7.; title: Modeling Soil Structure Interactions for Rational Design of Foundations -- -- 4.7.1.; title: Elastic Foundations -- -- 4.7.2.; title: Soil-Structure Interaction Equations -- -- 4.7.3.; title: Brief Review of the Foundation Models -- -- 4.7.4.; title: Winkler's Model -- -- 4.8.; title: Evaluation of Spring Constant in Winkler's Soil Model -- -- 4.8.1.; title: Coefficient of Elastic Uniform Compression -- Plate Load Test -- -- 4.8.2.; title: Size of Contact Area -- -- 4.8.3.; title: Winkler's Soil Medium with or without Tension -- -- 4.8.4.; title: Sensitivity of Responses on ks -- -- 4.8.5.; title: Modulus of Subgrade Reaction for Different Plate Sizes and Shapes -- -- 4.8.6.; title: Poisson's Ratio of the Soil Medium -- -- 4.8.7.; title: Evaluation of Young's Modulus -- -- 4.8.8.; title: ks for Foundations Subjected to Dynamic Loads -- -- 4.9.; title: Soil-Structure Interaction Equations -- -- 4.10.; title: Summary -- -- 5.; title: Analysis of Footings on Elastic Foundations -- -- 5.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 5.2.; title: Literature Review -- -- 5.2.1.; title: Analytical Solutions -- -- 5.2.2.; title: Numerical Methods and Finite Difference Method -- -- 5.2.3.; title: Finite Element Method -- -- 5.3.; title: Analysis of BEF -- -- 5.3.1.; title: General Solution -- -- 5.4.; title: Infinite Beams on Elastic Foundations; title: 5.4.1.; title: Semi-Infinite Beams on Elastic Foundations Subjected to P at x = 0 -- -- 5.5.; title: Finite Beams on Elastic Foundations -- -- 5.5.1.; title: MIP for General Loads and Beam Configurations -- -- 5.5.2.; title: Effect of External Loads -- General Solution of the Nonhomogeneous Equation -- -- 5.5.3.; title: Method of Superposition with MIP -- -- 5.5.4.; title: General Comments on Exact Solutions of BEF -- -- 5.5.5.; title: Approximate Categorization of BEF for Simplification and Idealization of Analysis -- -- 5.6.; title: Plates on Elastic Foundations -- -- 5.6.1.; title: Analysis of Rectangular PEF -- -- 5.6.2.; title: Bending of Rectangular PEF -- -- 5.6.3.; title: Circular PEF -- -- 5.7.; title: Summary --; title: Exercise Problems -- -- Appendix 5.A; title: Matrix of Influence Functions (Method of Initial Parameters) -- -- 6.; title: Numerical and Finite Difference Methods -- -- 6.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 6.2.; title: Trial Solutions with Undetermined Parameters -- -- 6.2.1.; title: Stationary Functional Method -- -- 6.2.2.; title: General Comments -- -- 6.2.3.; title: Trial Solutions with Undetermined Functions -- -- 6.2.4.; title: Observations -- -- 6.3.; title: Finite Difference Method -- -- 6.3.1.; title: Finite Difference Operators -- -- 6.3.2.; title: Application to Engineering Problems; title: 6.3.3.; title: Errors in FD -- -- 6.3.4.; title: Improvizations of FDM -- Iterative Methods, Relaxation, h2 Extrapolation and so on -- -- 6.4.; title: FDM Applications to General BEF Problems -- -- 6.4.1.; title: Representation of Derivatives Using Central Differences -- -- 6.4.2.; title: Representation of Applied Loads -- -- 6.4.3.; title: Equivalent Nodal Loads -- -- 6.4.4.; title: Subgrade Reaction and Contact Pressures -- -- 6.4.5.; title: FD Analysis for BEF Problems -- -- 6.5.; title: Boundary Conditions -- -- 6.5.1.; title: Free Ends -- -- 6.5.2.; title: Simply Supported Ends -- -- 6.5.3.; title: Fixed Ends -- -- 6.6.; title: Calculation of Bending Moments -- -- 6.6.1.; title: Boundary Nodes -- -- 6.6.2.; title: Internal Nodes -- -- 6.7.; title: Shear Forces -- -- 6.7.1.; title: Boundary Nodes -- -- 6.7.2.; title: Internal Nodes -- -- 6.8.; title: Vertical Reactions -- -- 6.8.1.; title: Supports at Boundary Nodes -- -- 6.8.2.; title: Internal Supports -- -- 6.9.; title: Simplification for Prismatic Beams -- -- 6.9.1.; title: FDO for Prismatic BEF -- -- 6.9.2.; title: Free Ends -- -- 6.9.3.; title: Simply Supported Ends -- -- 6.9.4.; title: Fixed Ends -- -- 6.9.5.; title: Solutions of Simultaneous Equations -- -- 6.10.; title: FDM for Rectangular Plates on Elastic Foundations -- -- 6.10.1.; title: PEF with Free Edges -- -- 6.11.; title: FDM for Circular and Annular Plates on Elastic Foundations; title: 6.12.; title: BEF Software Package -- -- 6.13.; title: Summary --; title: Exercise Problems -- -- 7.; title: Finite Element Method -- -- 7.1.; title: General Philosophy -- -- 7.2.; title: Finite Element Procedure -- -- 7.2.1.; title: Finite Element Deformation Patterns -- -- 7.2.2.; title: Transformation of Coordinates -- -- 7.3.; title: Formulation of Finite Element Characteristics (Stiffness Analysis) -- -- 7.4.; title: Beam Elements -- -- 7.4.1.; title: Incorporating Soil Reaction for BEF Analysis -- -- 7.5.; title: Plate Elements for Bending Theory -- -- 7.5.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 7.5.2.; title: Displacement Formulation of the Plate Problem -- -- 7.5.3.; title: Continuity of Requirement for Shape Function -- -- 7.5.4.; title: Nonconforming Shape Functions -- -- 7.5.5.; title: Stiffness and Load Matrices -- -- 7.5.6.; title: Stiffness Matrix for Isotropic Plates -- -- 7.5.7.; title: Incorporating Soil Reaction for PEF Analysis -- -- 7.5.8.; title: Circular, Ring Shaped and Plates of General Shapes -- -- 7.5.9.; title: Finite Grid Method and Boundary Element Method -- -- 7.5.10.; title: General Comments on FEM -- -- 7.6.; title: Summary -- -- 7.7.; title: Examples -- -- 7.7.1.; title: FEM Analysis of BEF -- -- 7.7.2.; title: FEM Analysis of PEF -- -- 7.7.3.; title: General FEM Examples of Soil Structure Interaction --; title: Exercise Problems -- -- Appendix 7.A; title: Stiffness and Stress Matrices for Plate Elements; title: 7.A.1.; title: Stiffness Matrix -- -- 7.A.2.; title: Stress Matrix -- -- 7.A.3.; title: Load Matrix -- -- 8.; title: Parameters and Criteria for Foundation Design -- -- 8.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 8.2.; title: Design Considerations -- -- 8.3.; title: Codes, Practices and Standards -- -- 8.4.; title: Design Soil Pressure -- -- 8.5.; title: Gross and Net Values of the Safe Bearing Capacity and Allowable Soil Pressure -- -- 8.6.; title: Presumptive Bearing Capacity -- -- 8.6.1.; title: Design Loads and Factors of Safety -- -- 8.7.; title: Settlements and Differential Settlements -- -- 8.7.1.; title: Total Settlement -- -- 8.7.2.; title: Differential Settlement -- -- 8.8.; title: Cracks Due to Uneven Settlement; title: Note continued:; title: 8.9.; title: Suggestions to Reduce Large Differential Settlements -- -- 9.; title: Deep Foundations -- Piles, Drilled Piers, Caissons and Pile-Raft Systems -- -- 9.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 9.2.; title: Piles -- -- 9.2.1.; title: Timber Piles/Plain Timber Piles -- -- 9.2.2.; title: Concrete Piles -- -- 9.2.3.; title: Composite Piles -- -- 9.2.4.; title: Steel Piles -- -- 9.3.; title: Functions of Piles -- -- 9.4.; title: Design of Pile Foundations -- -- 9.5.; title: Type and Length of Piles -- -- 9.6.; title: Pile Load Capacity -- -- 9.6.1.; title: Dynamic Pile Driving Formulae and Wave Equation -- -- 9.6.2.; title: Static Method -- -- 9.6.3.; title: The &alpha; Method -- -- 9.6.4.; title: The &beta; Method -- -- 9.6.5.; title: The &Lambda; Method -- -- 9.6.6.; title: Allowable Pile Capacity -- -- 9.6.7.; title: Pile Load Tests -- -- 9.6.8.; title: Correlation with SPT and CPT Values -- -- 9.7.; title: Lateral Load Capacity of Piles -- -- 9.8.; title: Stresses on Lower Strata Due to Pile Foundations -- -- 9.9.; title: Settlement Analysis -- -- 9.10.; title: Design of Piles and Pile Groups -- -- 9.11.; title: Drilled Piers or Drilled Caissons -- -- 9.11.1.; title: Construction of Drilled Piers -- -- 9.11.2.; title: Other Design Details; title: 9.11.3.; title: Bearing Capacity and Shaft Resistance -- -- 9.11.4.; title: Stresses in Lower Strata -- -- 9.11.5.; title: Other Design Considerations -- -- 9.11.6.; title: Construction Problems -- -- 9.12.; title: Non-Drilled Caissons -- -- 9.12.1.; title: Types of Caissons -- -- 9.12.2.; title: Design Considerations -- Bearing Capacity and Shaft Friction -- -- 9.12.3.; title: Concrete Seal -- -- 9.13.; title: Pile-Raft Systems -- -- 9.13.1.; title: Analysis of Pile-Raft Systems -- -- 9.13.2.; title: General Observations -- -- 9.14.; title: Examples --; title: Exercise Problems -- -- 10.; title: Design of Piles and Pile Groups -- -- 10.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 10.2.; title: Use of Pile Foundations -- -- 10.3.; title: Types of Piles and Pile Groups -- -- 10.4.; title: Efficiency of Pile Groups -- -- 10.5.; title: Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations -- -- 10.5.1.; title: Loads and Pile Configuration -- -- 10.5.2.; title: Loads -- -- 10.5.3.; title: Pile Configuration -- -- 10.5.4.; title: Checks Imposed on the Pile Group -- -- 10.6.; title: Lateral Capacity of Piles -- -- 10.6.1.; title: Single Pile -- -- 10.6.2.; title: Additional Considerations -- -- 10.6.3.; title: Methods of Analysis -- -- 10.6.4.; title: Beam on Elastic Foundation Approach -- -- 10.6.5.; title: Short Piles -- Brinch Hansen's Method -- -- 10.6.6.; title: Structural Checks; title: 10.7.; title: Pile Group -- -- 10.7.1.; title: Methods Available -- -- 10.8.; title: Settlement of Piles -- -- 10.8.1.; title: Point-Bearing Piles on Bedrock -- -- 10.8.2.; title: Point-Bearing Piles in Sand and Gravel -- -- 10.8.3.; title: Point-Bearing Piles on Hard Clay -- -- 10.8.4.; title: Friction Piles in Sand and Gravel -- -- 10.8.5.; title: Friction/Adhesion Piles in Clays -- -- 10.8.6.; title: Settlement Under Axial Load -- Single Pile -- -- 10.8.7.; title: Settlement Under Axial Load -- Pile Group -- -- 10.8.8.; title: Methods of Computation -- -- 10.9.; title: Settlement Under Lateral Load -- -- 10.10.; title: Design of Pile Caps -- -- 10.11.; title: Uplift -- -- 10.12.; title: Batter Piles -- -- 10.13.; title: Design of Pile Foundations -- -- 10.14.; title: Summary of Assumptions and Guidelines for Design -- -- 10.15.; title: Example -- -- 10.15.1.; title: Types of Piles -- -- 10.15.2.; title: Concrete Data -- -- 10.15.3.; title: Soil Data -- -- 10.15.4.; title: Loads From the Superstructure -- -- 10.15.5.; title: Modulus of Piles About the Axes Passing Through the CG of the Pile Group -- -- 10.15.6.; title: Loads -- -- 10.15.7.; title: Moments -- -- 10.15.8.; title: Combination of Loads and Moments for Maximum Load on Pile -- -- 10.15.9.; title: Combination of Loads and Moments for Minimum Load on Pile -- -- 10.15.10.; title: Maximum Load on Pile Without Wind; title: 10.15.11.; title: Design of Reinforcement in Pile -- -- 10.15.12.; title: Pile Cap -- -- 10.15.13.; title: Check for Vertical Load Capacity of Pile -- -- 10.16.; title: Construction Guidelines -- -- 10.16.1.; title: Construction Details --; title: Exercise Problems -- -- 11.; title: Machine Foundations -- -- 11.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 11.1.1.; title: Design of Foundations in a Dynamic Environment -- -- 11.2.; title: Types of Machine Foundations -- -- 11.3.; title: General Requirements of Machine Foundations and Design Criteria -- -- 11.4.; title: Dynamic Loads -- -- 11.5.; title: Physical Modeling and Response Analysis -- -- 11.5.1.; title: Dynamic Interaction of Rigid Foundations and Soil Media -- -- 11.5.2.; title: Idealization of Foundation Dynamics Problems -- -- 11.5.3.; title: Resonant Frequency -- -- 11.5.4.; title: Apparent Mass of Soil -- -- 11.5.5.; title: Spring Constants and Damping Coefficients -- -- 11.5.6.; title: Barkan's Approach -- -- 11.6.; title: Analysis by Lysmer and Richart -- -- 11.6.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 11.6.2.; title: Other Modes -- -- 11.6.3.; title: Analog Models for Dynamic Analysis of Single Piles -- -- 11.7.; title: General Analysis of Machine -- Foundation -- Soil Systems Using Analog Models -- -- 11.8.; title: General Equations of Motion -- -- 11.8.1.; title: Machine -- Block Foundation -- Soil System -- -- 11.8.2.; title: Machine -- Pile Foundation -- Soil System; title: 11.8.3.; title: Some Simplifications for MFS -- -- 11.9.; title: Methods of Solution -- -- 11.9.1.; title: Observations -- -- 11.10.; title: General Remarks -- -- 11.11.; title: Framed Foundations --; title: Exercise Problems -- -- Appendix 11.A; title: Elements of Vibration Theory -- -- 11.A.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 11.A.2.; title: SDF Translational Systems -- -- 11.A.3.; title: General Solutions -- -- 11.A.4.; title: Damped Free Vibrations -- Viscous Damping -- -- 11.A.5.; title: Forced Vibrations -- -- 11.A.6.; title: Multi Degree of Freedom Systems -- -- Appendix 11.B; title: Stiffness and Damping Parameters -- -- 11.B.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 11.B.2.; title: Analog Parameters of Lysmer and Richart -- -- 11.B.3.; title: Other Parameters -- -- 11.B.4.; title: Parameters of Machine Foundation for Computations -- -- Appendix 11.C; title: General Guidelines for Design and Construction of Machine Foundations -- -- 11.C.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 11.C.2.; title: Data for Analysis and Design -- -- 11.C.3.; title: Guidelines for Design -- -- 11.C.4.; title: Miscellaneous Guidelines -- -- 11.C.5.; title: Construction Guidelines -- -- 11.C.6.; title: Guidelines for Providing Vibration Absorbers -- -- 12.; title: Structural Design of Foundations -- -- 12.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 12.2.; title: Analysis of Foundations -- -- 12.3.; title: Structural Design -- -- 12.3.1.; title: Bending Moment; title: 12.3.2.; title: Shear Force -- -- 12.3.3.; title: Development Length -- -- 12.3.4.; title: Deflection and Cracking -- -- 12.3.5.; title: Transfer of Load at Base of Column -- -- 12.3.6.; title: Tensile Reinforcement -- -- 12.4.; title: Isolated Footings -- -- 12.4.1.; title: Eccentrically Loaded Footings -- -- 12.5.; title: Wall Footings -- -- 12.6.; title: Combined Footings -- -- 12.7.; title: Strap Footings -- -- 12.8.; title: Raft Foundations -- -- 12.8.1.; title: Conventional Design of Rafts -- -- 12.9.; title: Circular and Annular Footings -- -- 12.10.; title: Construction Guidelines for Footings -- -- 12.10.1.; title: Relative Depth of Footings -- -- 12.10.2.; title: Dewatering -- -- 12.11.; title: Construction of Raft Foundations -- -- 12.12.; title: Examples of Structural Design --; title: Exercise Problems -- -- Appendix 12.A; title: Details of RC Design -- -- 12.A.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 12.A.2.; title: Factored Loads -- -- 12.A.3.; title: Yield Stress -- -- 12.A.4.; title: Maximum Depth of Neutral Axis -- -- 12.A.5.; title: Limiting Values of Tension Steel and Moment of Resistance -- -- 12.A.6.; title: Maximum and Minimum Tension Reinforcement -- -- 12.A.7.; title: Moment of Resistance -- -- 12.A.8.; title: Design Tables -- -- 12.A.9.; title: Shear Reinforcement -- -- 12.A.10.; title: Bond and Development Length -- -- 12.A.11.; title: Clear Cover for Reinforcement; title: 12.A.12.; title: Spacing of Reinforcement -- -- 12.A.13.; title: Reinforcement Requirements in Beams and Slabs -- -- 12.A.14.; title: Reinforcement in Piles -- -- 12.A.15.; title: Under-Reamed Piles -- -- 12.A.16.; title: Pile Caps -- -- Appendix 12.B; title: Expressions for BM and SF for Circular and Annular Slabs, and Foundations -- -- 12.B.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 12.B.2.; title: Slab Freely Supported at the Edges and Carrying UDL -- -- 12.B.3.; title: Slabs Fixed at Edges and Carrying UDL -- -- 12.B.4.; title: Slab Simply Supported at the Edges with Load W Uniformly Distributed Along the Circumference of a Concentric Circle -- -- 12.B.5.; title: Slab Simply Supported at Edges, with UDL Inside a Concentric Circle -- -- 12.B.6.; title: Slab Simply Supported at Edges, with a Central Hole and Carrying UDL -- -- 12.B.7.; title: Slab Simply Supported at the Edges with a Central Hole and Carrying W Distributed Along the Circumference of a Concentric Circle -- -- 12.B.8.; title: Application of Expressions to Foundations -- -- Appendix 12.C; title: Structural Design of Shallow Foundations -- -- 12.C.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 12.C.2.; title: Input of Soil Parameters for Structural Design -- -- 12.C.3.; title: Modulus of Subgrade Reaction for the Analysis; title: 12.C.4.; title: BEF Solutions for Circular and Annular Rafts -- -- 12.C.5.; title: Examples of Structural Design -- -- Appendix 12.D; title: Comparative Features of Concrete Codes for Foundation Design -- -- 12.D.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 12.D.2.; title: Partial Safety Factors and Load Combinations -- -- 12.D.3.; title: Steel Details -- -- 12.D.4.; title: Concrete Details -- -- 12.D.5.; title: Maximum Depth of Neutral Axis -- -- 12.D.6.; title: Limiting Moment of Resistance and Tensile Reinforcement Area -- -- 12.D.7.; title: Limiting Tensile Steel in Rectangular Sections -- -- 12.D.8.; title: Minimum Tension Reinforcement -- -- 12.D.9.; title: Maximum Tension Reinforcement -- -- 12.D.10.; title: Shear Reinforcement -- -- 12.D.11.; title: Punching Shear -- -- 12.D.12.; title: Bond Stress and Development Length -- -- 12.D.13.; title: Clear Cover for Reinforcement -- -- 12.D.14.; title: Spacing of Reinforcement -- -- 12.D.15.; title: Design Examples Using Different Codes.