Reevaluating the modernization hypothesis
By: Daron Acemoglu ... [et al.]
Contributors: Acemoglu, Daron.; National Bureau of Economic Research.
Series: NBER working paper series -- no. 13334.; Working paper series (National Bureau of Economic Research) -- working paper no. 13334.
Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research
Published: 2007
Place of publication: Cambridge, Mass
Language: eng
Number of pages: 31
Subjects: Cost and standard of living; Economic development; Income -- Political aspects; Democracy -- Econometric models; Democratization -- Econometric models
Description: This paper revisits and critically reevaluates the widely-accepted modernization hypothesis which claims that per capita income causes the creation and the consolidation of democracy. We argue that existing studies find support for this hypothesis because they fail to control for the presence of omitted variables. There are many underlying historical factors that affect both the level of income per capita and the likelihood of democracy in a country, and failing to control for these factors may introduce a spurious relationship between income and democracy. We show that controlling for these historical factors by including fixed country effects removes the correlation between income and democracy, as well as the correlation between income and the likelihood of transitions to and from democratic regimes. We argue that this evidence is consistent with another well-established approach in political science, which emphasizes how events during critical historical junctures can lead to divergent political-economic development paths, some leading to prosperity and democracy, others to relative poverty and non-democracy. We present evidence in favor of this interpretation by documenting that the fixed effects we estimate in the post-war sample are strongly associated with historical variables that have previously been used to explain diverging development paths within the former colonial world.
Notes: "August 2007"

Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-31).

Also available in PDF from the NBER world wide web site (www.nber.org).