Te Urewera
Subtitle: WAI 894
Series: Waitangi Tribunal report -- 2017
Publisher: Legislation Direct
Published: 2017
Place of publication: Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Language: eng
Number of pages: 3887
ISBN-13: 9781869563257; 9781869563264
Subjects: Ngāi Tūhoe (New Zealand people); Government relations; Claims; Maori (New Zealand people); History; Tiriti o Waitangi; Kerēme (Tiriti o Waitangi); Mana whenua; Mana motuhake; Whakatau mauri; Kāwanatanga; Noho-ā-iwi; Whenua raupatu; Kōrero nehe; Ture whenua; Treaty of Waitangi; Treaty of Waitangi (1840 February 6)
Description: "Volume I contains chapters 1 to 5. The first two chapters describe Te Urewera, and their development over generations as hapu and iwi by the time of substantial contact with Europeans in the 1860s. Chapter 3 looks at the Tūhoe 'constitutional claim', which concerns the Treaty implications of the fact that Tūhoe did not sign the Treaty, while chapter 4 concerns the Crown's 1866 confiscation of a large tract of Māori land in the eastern Bay of Plenty. Chapter 5 examines the military expeditions launched by the Crown into Te Urewera between 1869 and 1871, following the alliance of Tūhoe and Ngāti Whare with the messianic leader Te Kooti"--Front flap

"Volume II contains chapters 6 to 9. Chapter 6 looks at the Crown's military operations in the upper Wairoa and Waikaremoana region in 1865 and 1866, and chapter 7 examines the complex chain of events that led to the Crown's acquisition of over 178,000 acres of land extending to the southern shores of Lake Waikaremoana (the 'four southern blocks'). Chapter 8 concerns the council Te Whitu Tekau established by Tūhoe and Ngāti Whare, which gave effect to their autonomy - te mana motuhake - following the end of military conflict in 1871, while chapter 9 looks at the unique Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896, which created a 656,000-acre reserve within which the Crown granted powers of self-government to the peoples of Te Urewera and collective tribal control of their lands"--Front flap.

"Volume III contains chapters 10, 11, and 12. Chapter 10 reviews claims concerning the Native Land Court and the massive loss of land that took place in the blocks encircling the Urewera District Native Reserve (the 'rim blocks'). Chapter 11 examines how Ngāti Haka Patuheuheu lost the ownership of the Waiohau block - their ancestral land - through fraud, and chapter 12 looks at the claims of Te Whānau-a-kai, Te Aitanga a Māhaki, Tūhoe, and Ngāti Kahungunu concerning their respective blocks in the Tahora 2 lands"--Front flap.

"Volume IV contains chapters 13 and 14. Chapter 13 looks at why the promise of the Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896 - which was to provide for Tūhoe self-government through a General Committee - was not fulfilled, and whether the Crown was to blame for the demise of the reserve and the loss of much of the land it was supposed to protect. Chapter 14 examines the Urewera Consolidation Scheme, which was designed to consolidate into a single vast block the many interests the Crown had purchased in the Urewera reserve and separate it from the remaining Māori lands. It also considers the failure of the Crown to deliver on its promises to Māori that they would receive secure title to their own new consolidated blocks, as well as two arterial roads, to allow them to take advantage of economic opportunities such as farming and sawmilling"--Front flap.

"Volume V contains chapter 15, 16, and 17. Chapter 15 looks at the impacts that the Crown's failure to properly implement the Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896 had on the mana motuhake and mana whenua of the peoples of Te Urewera. Chapter 16 examines the painful history of the creation of te Urewera National Park, which comprises over half a million acres of former Urewera reserve lands guaranteed to the peoples of Te Urewera in 1896, and chapter 17 concerns Tūhoe spiritual leader Rua Kenana Hepetipa, who was a pivotal figure in the changing relationship between the Crown and Tūhoe communities in the early years of the twentieth century, and examines the circumstances and the conduct of the military-style expedition undertaken to arrest him"--Front flap.

"Volume VI contains chapters 18, 19, and 20. Chapter 18 concerns two forms of Crown intervention in the economic opportunities available to the peoples of Te Urewera in the twentieth century: the channeling of State funds into Māori farming and imposing of blanket restrictions on the logging of native timber on Māori land for the greater part of the period since the 1930s. Chapter 19 discusses a number of specific grievances that concern the Ruatoki-Waiohau consolidation scheme, the failure to implement a consolidation scheme for Ngāti Manawa, the ownership of the Ruatoki water scheme, the terms of the Te Whāiti Nui-a-Toi forestry lease, and the amalgamation of land titles into four new blocks. Chapter 20 looks at Lake Waikaremoana, a taonga of immense importance to Tūhoe, Ngāti Ruapani, and Ngāti Kahungunu (including Ngāi Tamaterangi), the long-running dispute between the Crown and Māori over its ownership, despite the Native Land Court's recognition of Māori ownership in 1918, the Crown's control of the lake for hydroelectricity purposes, and the final negotiation of the Crown's lease of the lake in 1971"--Front flap.

"Volume VII contains chapters 21 and 22. Chapter 21 canvasses the massive changes that the environment of Te Urewera - its forests and waterways, with their birds, eels, and native fish - has been subject to since the 1890s, and it considers three major topics: Crown interventions in the Te Urewera environment from 1895 to 1954, the management of Whirinaki Forest, and the extent to which the Crown has asserted ownership, authority, and control over Te Urewera rivers and riverbeds. Chapter 22 considers a number of discrete claims in four broad categories: claims relating to public works, claims relating to rating, claims relating to cultural property, and claims relating to schools in the district"--Front flap.

"Volume VIII comprises chapter 23, the appendixes, and the glossary and bibliography. Chapter 23 deals with the reality of everyday life for Māori in Te Urewera from the 1890s until the tribunal hearings in the first decade of the twenty-first century and describes the socio-economic effects of the various Crown Treaty breaches identified in the report. The appendixes list the claims by Wai number, outline the select record on inquiry, reproduce the Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896, Ture Rāhui Māori o te Takiwa o te Urewera 1896, and the Urewera Lands Act 1921-22, and tabulate the first Urewera Commission's hearings and the results of its work, and the outcomes of the Crown's consolidation process in respect of the lands in the former Urewera District Native Reserve"--Front flap.
Notes: "Te Urewera is the exhaustive eight-volume report of the Waitangi Tribunal's inquiry into the claims of the Māori peoples of Te Urewera"--Front flap.

"This report was previously released online in pre-publication format in six parts between 2009 and 2015"--Title page verso.
Table of contents: title: Volume I. Report notes; title: Letters of transmittal; title: Establishing the inquiry district; title: Chapter 1: Te Urewera; title: The land, the people, the claims; title: Whakataki: Introduction; title: Ngā tono: The claims; title: Te whenua: The land; title: Ngā iwi: The people; title: Iwi whānui: Communities; title: Ngā take: overview of issues presented by the claimants; title: Chapter 2: Te Ao o Te Urewera; title: Origins and traditions; title: Ngā iwi o Te Urewera: The peoples; title: Mana: the exercise of authority: The protection of people, land, and resources; title: Whakamutanga: Conclusion; title: Chapter 3: Te tono ture tikanga a Tuhoe; title: The Treaty and the Tūhoe constitutional claim, 1840-65; title: Introduction; title: The 'constitutional claim' issues, 1840-65; title: Key facts; title: The essence of the difference between the parties; title: Tribunal analysis; title: Summary; title: Chapter 4: Te raupatu o Tūhoe whenua; title: Confiscation; title: Issues for tribunal determination; title: Mokomoko whānau claim; title: Chapter 5: Te mura o te ahi; title: War, Te Urewera, and Te Kooti; title: introduction; title: Volume II. Chapter 6: Ngā pakanga o Wairoa me Waikaremoana; title: War in upper Wairoa and Waikaremoana, 1865-66; title: The essence of difference between the parties; title: Chapter 7: Ngā Whenua Ngaro; title: The loss of the four Southern blocks; title: Explanatory note: Te Hātepe Deed, ECLTIA, and four Southern Blocks maps; title: Chapter 8: Te Whitu Tekau; title: The 1871 Compact and Māori autonomy in Te Urewera, 1871-93; title: Chapter 9: Ko te ture Motuhake mō Tūhoe; title: The Urewera district native reserve act; title: Key fact; title: Volume III. Chapter 10: 'He kooti haehae whenua, he kooti tango whenua'; title: The Native Land Court and land alienation in the rim blocks of Te Urewera, 1873-1930; title: Previous tribunal findings accepted by this tribunal; title: Why did the Native Land Court commence operations in Te Urewera, and why and how did the peoples of Te Urewera engage with it?; title: Was the Crown made aware of court decisions that were alleged to have resulted in significant injustice and did it provide appropriate remedies?; title: What were the Crown's purchase policies and practices in Te Urewera?; title: What were the costs to Māori of securing new titles to their land in the Native Land Court? Were those costs fair and reasonable?; title: What protection mechanisms were there for Māori in respect of the alienation of land and how effective were those mechanisms in Te Urewera?; title: What were the impacts on the peoples of Te Urewera of the operation of the Native Land Court and of the alienation of their 'rim' blocks?; title: Chapter 11: Te mahi tinihanga mō ngā whenua o Waiohau; title: The Waiohau fraud; title: Treaty analysis and findings; title: Chapter 12: Te Runanga kaitiaki whenua o te Tairawhiti; title: The East Coast Trust; title: Volume IV. Chapter 13: Te Ngākau Rūkahu (the Crown's promise proves false); title: The fate of the Urewera District Native Reserve; title: The Crown's concessions; title: Why were the self-government provision of the UDNR Act defeated?; title: Why and how did the Crown purchase extensively in UDNR lands from 1910?; title: Chapter 14: Te Whakamoana whenua; title: The Urewera consolidation scheme; title: Why was a consolidation scheme chosen for reserve lands?; title: By what process were interests consolidated and the land divided between Māori owners and the Crown?; title: What effect did the scheme have on Waikaremoana peoples?; title: What agreements were reached about titles and how was the cost of surveys met?; title: Should Māori owners have contributed 40,000 acres toward the cost of constructing two main (arterial) roads?; title: Volume V. Chapter 15: Kai te ora tonu te wairua o wēnei tangata (the spirit of these people is alive); title: The impacts on mana motuhake and mana whenua of the Crown's defeat of the Urewera District Native Reserve Act, and the Urewera consolidation scheme; title: Mana motuhake: what were the impacts of Crown acts and omissions on self-government in Te Urewera and the relationship of its peoples with the Crown?; title: Mana whenua: what were the impacts of Crown acts and omissions on hapu relationships with their land and on the economic capability of the peoples of Te Urewera?; title: Chapter 16: Te kapua pōuri; title: Te Urewera National Park; title: Why and how was a national park established in Te Urewera?; title: How has the national park affected the economic opportunities of Māori communities in Te Urewera?; title: Did the Crown purchase Manuoha and Pāharakeke from informed and willing sellers and was the purchase fair in all circumstances?; title: How has the national park affected the ability of Te Urewera peoples to continue their customary use of park lands and their exercise of kaitiaki responsibilities?; title: To what extent have the peoples of Te Urewera been represented or otherwise involved in the governance, management, and day-to-day administration of Te Urewera National Park?; title: Chapter 17: I paku ai te pū ki Maungapōhatu; title: Rua Kenana and the police invasion of Maungapōhatu; title: Issues for Treay determination; title: Did the Crown's attitude to Rua Kenana's leadership of the Maungapōhatu community have any influence on the charges laid against Rua between 1911 and January 1916 and on their outcome?; title: Why did the Crown send a large armed police force to arrest Rua and was this action justified?; title: Did the police behave fairly and reasonably at Maungapōhatu?; title: Treaty analysis and conclusion; title: What were the impacts of police action in 1916 on the Maungapōhatu community?; title: Volume VI. Chapter 18: Te kaupapa ahu whenua me te whakaaukati rākau; title: Land development schemes and restrictions on the use of native timber; title: Key facts: land development schemes; title: Tribunal analysis of land development schemes; title: Key facts: restrictions on the use of native timber; title: Tribunal analysis of timber restrictions; title: Treaty analysis and findings: timber restrictions; title: Chapter 19: Ngā tono whenua; title: Specific claims (land title issues); title: The Ruatoki-Waiohau Consolidation Scheme; title: The Ngāti Manawa Consolidation Scheme claim; title: The Ruatoki water scheme claim; title: Te Whāiti Nui-a-Toi forestry lease; title: Claims about the amalgamation of land titles in 1972; title: Chapter 20: Introduction; title: What were the origins of the contest between Māori and the Crown over the ownership of lakes?; title: What was the Crown's response to the Māori claim for legal ownership of Lake Waikaremoana?; title: What were the effects of the Crown's denial of Māori ownership for 36 years?; title: Why did it take so long for the Crown to negotiate an arrangement with the lake's owners after it accepted their title in 1954?; title: Was the 1971 agreement fair in all the circumstances and was it given proper effect in the Lake Waikaremoana Act 1971? What adjustments have been made since 1971 and with what results?; title: What role have Māori played in the management of Lake Waiakremoana after entering into the lease? The claims of Ngā Rauro o Ngā Pōtiki and Ngāti Ruapani; title: Chapter 21: Ka kōingo tonu te iho o te rohe; title: Environment and waterways; title: What is the relationship of the peoples of Te Urewera with their environment and waterways and how have they exercised authority over resources and waterways under customary law?; title: Key facts; Crown interventions in he environment of Te Urewera before 1965; title: To what extent did the UDNR agreement recognise the authority of Te Urewera peoples over the environment of Te Urewera and its waterways?; title: Treaty analysis, findings, and recommendation; title: Key facts: Whirinaki Forest; title: What influence and authority have Māori had in the management of Whirinaki Forest?; title: Treaty analysis and findings (Whirinaki Forest); title: Rivers: introduction; title: Rivers: key facts; title: The essence of the difference between the parties in respect of rivers; title: How has the Crown exercised authority and control over Te Urewera rivers and has it taken due account of the rights and interests of the peoples of Te Urewera?; title: Treaty analysis, findings, and recommendations: rivers; title: Volume VII. Chapter 21: Ka kōingo tonu te iho o te rohe; title: Chapter 22: Ngā tono anganui; title: Specific claims; title: Public works claims; title: Rating claims; title: Cultural property claims; title: Schools claims; title: Volume VIII. Chapter 23: Kāore rātou i te whaiwhakaaro ki a mātou; title: Socio-economic impacts, 1895-2005; title: The living conditions of the peoples of Te Urewera; title: Socio-economic framework; title: What was the Crown's response to Māori hardship in Te Urewera prior to the creation of the welfare state?; title: What effects did the expansion of the Crown's role have on the well-being of Māori communities up to the 1980s?; title: What were the effects of State sector restructuring on Māori communities in Te Urewera from 1984?; title: Treaty analysis; title: Conclusions; title: Appendix I: Claims by number; title: Appendix II: Select record of inquiry; title: Record of proceedings; title: Select record of proceedings; title: Select record of document s; title: Documents from other records of inquiry; title: Appendix III: The Urewera District Native Reserve Act 1896; title: Appendix IV: Ture Rahui Māori o te Takiwa o Te Urewera 1896; title: Appendix V: The first Urewera Commission's hearings and the results of its work; title: Appendix VI: The Urewera Lands Act 1921-22; title: Appendix VII: Outcomes of the consolidation process in the UDNR; title: Glossary of Māori terms; title: Select bibliography.