Mass spectrometry in sports drug testing
Subtitle: characterization of prohibited substances and doping control analytical assays
By: Mario Thevis.
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2010
Place of publication: Hoboken, N.J
Language: eng
ISBN-13: 9780470413272
Subjects: Doping in sports -- Diagnosis; Mass spectrometry; Drugs -- Analysis; Doping in Sports; Spectrum Analysis -- methods; Substance Abuse Detection -- methods
Description: "This book provides a detailed overview about the mass spectrometry of numerous classes of therapeutics and agents relevant to doping control laboratories, the necessity of various analyzers enabling the detection of low- and high molecular weight drugs as well as the discrimination between endogenously produced and synthetically derived compounds. Typical assays including sample preparation, chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric analysis are presented highlighting the comprehensiveness of drug testing in modern doping control laboratories"--Provided by publisher.
Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index.
Table of contents: title: 1. History of sports drug testing   1.1. Historical attempts of artificial performance-enhancement   1.2. Background and rationale of doping controls   1.2.1. cheating   1.2.2. health issues   1.2.3. ethical issues   1.3. Early detection methods ? possibilities and limitations of assays without mass spectrometry   1.3.1. First applications using chemical and biological approaches in horse doping control   1.3.2. First applications using chemical approaches in human doping control   1.3.2.1. Methods without chromatography   1.3.2.2. Methods including paper or thin layer chromatography   1.3.2.3. Methods including gas chromatography   1.3.2.4. Methods including liquid chromatography   1.3.2.5. Methods including immunological approaches   1.4. Introduction of mass spectrometry to doping control analysis   1.4.1. First approaches and adverse analytical findings   1.4.2. Progression of analytical methods   1.5. References         2. Mass spectrometry and the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods of Doping   2.1. Criteria for the mass spectrometric identification of prohibited compounds   2.1.1. Low molecular weight analytes   2.1.2. High molecular weight analytes   2.2. Modern mass spectrometers in doping controls ? advantages and disadvantages of available techniques   2.2.1. Ionization techniques in routine doping controls   2.2.1.1. Electron ionization (EI)   2.2.1.2. Chemical ionization (CI)   2.2.1.3. Electrospray ionization (ESI)   2.2.1.4. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)   2.2.2. Mass analyzers in routine doping controls   2.2.2.1. Single quadrupole MS   2.2.2.2. Ion trap MS   2.2.2.3. Triple quadrupole MS   2.2.2.4. Double focusing magnetic sector MS   2.2.2.5. Time-of-flight MS   2.2.2.6. Orbitrap MS   2.2.2.7. Isotope-ratio MS (IRMS)   2.3. References; title: 3. Structure characterization of low-molecular weight target analytes ? Electron Ionization; title:  3.1. Stimulants; title:  3.2. Narcotics; title:  3.3. Anabolic androgenic steroids; title:  3.3.1. Unsaturated 3-keto-steroids; title:  3.3.2. ?,?-Saturated ketosteroids; title:  3.3.3. 3-keto-1,4-diene, 3-keto-4,6-diene, and 3-keto-4,9(11)-diene steroids; title:  3.3.4. Steroid derivatization; title:  3.3.4.1. Unsaturated 3-keto-steroids; title:  3.3.4.2. 17-alkylated steroids and enol-TMS derivatives; title:  3.4. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs); title:  3.4.1. 2-Quinolinone-based SARMs; title:  3.4.2. Hydroxybicyclic hydantoin-derived SARMs; title:  3.5. Diuretics; title:  3.5.1. Thiazide-derived drugs; title:  3.5.2. Benzoic acid-derived lood diuretics; title:  3.5.3. Potassium-sparing diuretics; title:  3.6. ?2-Agonists; title:  3.7. Beta-receptor blocking agents; title:  3.8. Calcium-channel modulators (Rycals); title:  3.9. Carbohydrate-based agents; title:  3.9.1. Mannitol; title:  3.9.2. Glycerol; title:  3.9.3. Hydroxyethyl starch and dextran; title:  3.10. References; title:  4. Structure characterization of low-molecular weight target analytes ? Electrospray ionization; title:  4.1. Stimulants; title:  4.2. Narcotics; title:  4.3. Anabolic androgenic steroids; title:  4.3.1. ?,?-Saturated ketosteroids; title:  4.3.2. 3-keto-4-ene and 3-keto-1-ene steroids; title:  4.3.3. 3-keto-1,4-diene steroids; title:  4.3.4. 3-keto-4,6-diene steroids; title:  4.3.5. 3-keto-4,9-diene steroids; title:  4.3.6. 3-keto-4,9,11-triene steroids; title:  4.3.7. Stanozolol; title:  4.4. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs); title:  4.4.1. Arylpropionamide-derived SARMs; title:  4.4.2. Hydroxybicyclic hydandoin-derived SARMs; title:  4.4.3. 2-Quinolinone-derived SARMs; title:  4.4.4. Tetrahydroquinoline-derived SARMs; title:  4.5. Diuretics; title:  4.5.1. Thiazide-derived drugs; title:  4.5.2. Benzoic acid-derived lood diuretics; title:  4.5.3. Potassium-sparing diuretics; title:  4.6. ?2-Agonists; title:  4.7. Calcium-channel modulators (Rycals); title:  4.8. Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-? (PPAR?) and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonists; title:  4.9. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-stabilizers and sirtuin activators; title:  4.9.1. HIF-stabilizers; title:  4.9.2. Sirtuin activators; title:  4.9.2.1. Resveratrol; title:  4.9.2.2. SRT-1720; title:  4.10. Beta-receptor blocking agents; title:  4.11. Glucuronic acid and sulfate conjugates of target analytes; title:  4.12. References; title: 5. Structure characterization of high-molecular weight target analytes ? Electrospray ionization   5.1. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)   5.2. Erythropoietins (EPO)   5.3. Synacthen   5.4. Insulins   5.5. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs)   5.6. Human growth hormone (hGH)   5.7. Sermorelin (Geref)   5.8. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)   5.9. Gonadorelin (LHRH)   5.10. References     6. Modern mass spectrometry-based analytical assays   6.1. GC-MS; title: isotope ratio mass spectrometry   6.1.1. Stimulants/Narcotics   6.1.1.1. Case vignette ? 4-methylhexan-2-amine   6.1.2. Anabolic androgenic steroids   6.1.2.1. Synthetic anabolic androgenic steroids   6.1.2.1.1. Case vignette ? long-term metabolite identification for metandienone   6.1.2.2. ?Natural? steroids   6.1.2.2.1. Steroid profiling   6.1.2.2.1.1. Effects of testosterone and epitestosterone administration   6.1.2.2.1.2. Effects of dihydrotestosterone and 5?-androstanedione administration   6.1.2.2.1.3. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, and 4-androstenediol administration   6.1.2.2.1.4. Other factors influencing the steroid profile   6.1.2.2.2. GC/C/IRMS   6.1.3. Diuretics   6.1.4. ?2-Agonists and beta-receptor blocking agents   6.1.5. Carbohydrate-based agents   6.1.5.1. Case vignette ? systematic misuse of hydroxyethyl starch in Finnish cross-country skiing team   6.2. LC-MS/MS   6.2.1. Stimulants/Narcotics/?2-agonists/beta-receptor blocking agents   6.2.2. Anabolic androgenic steroids/Corticosteroids/hormone antagonists and modulators   6.2.3. Masking agents (including diuretics)   6.2.4. Peptide hormones < 10 kDa including insulins, synacthen, gonadorelin, IGF-1   6.2.5. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers   6.2.6. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)   6.3. References     7. Limitations and perspectives of mass spectrometry-based procedures in doping control analysis   7.1. Recombinant biomolecules   7.1.1. Erythropoietin   7.1.2. Human growth hormone   7.1.3. Human insulin and IGF-1   7.2. Unknown compounds   7.3. Profiling of urine and/or blood   7.4. Alternative specimens   7.5. References