Medical support of the Army Air Forces in World War II
By: by Mae Mills Link [and] Hubert A. Coleman.
Contributors: Link, Mae Mills.; Coleman, Hubert Anderson, 1903-
Publisher: Office of the Surgeon General, USAF
Published: 1955
Place of publication: Washington
Language: eng
Number of pages: 1027
Subjects: World War, 1939-1945 -- Medical and sanitary affairs.
Table of contents: title: Contents; title: Chapter; title: INTRODUCTION 1; title: I. ORIGINS OF AN AIR FORCE MEDICAL SERVICE 6; title: Evolution of a Physical Examination for Flyers 6; title: Establishment of Medical Research Laboratory 11; title: Medical Support of Combat Mission in World War 1 13; title: The Interim Years 20; title: Transition from Peace to War 24; title: II. THE WAR MISSION 45; title: The Issues Emerge: 1942 50; title: The Issues Are Clarified: 1943 67; title: The Mounting Crisis: 1944 83; title: The Issues Are Partially Resolved: 1944. . . . 91; title: Mission Accomplished: 1945 114; title: III. SCHOOL OF AVIATION MEDICINE AND RELATED PROGRAMS. 144; title: The School of Aviation Medicine 145; title: The War Curriculum: SAM 159; title: Advanced Study for Altitude Training 196; title: Implementing the Altitude Training Program in the AAF 210; title: Air-Sea Rescue Training 218; title: Medical Service Training School 219; title: IV. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 230; title: Anthropology 238; title: High Altitude Studies 253; title: Acceleration 283; title: Medical Logistics 295; title: Medical Instrumentation 303; title: Clinical Aspects of Aviation Medicine 305; title: Among the Heroes 340; title: V. AIR EVACUATION MISSION 35Z; title: The 349th Air Evacuation Group 366; title: The Flight Nurse 368; title: AAF School of Air Evacuation 371; title: Air Evacuation to Zone of Interior 383; title: Contribution to Military Medicine 410; title: VI. MEDICAL SUPPORT OF AIR COMBAT IN NORTH AFRICA AND; title: THE MEDITERRANEAN 419; title: Twelfth Air Force and TORCH 419; title: The Tactical Situation 424; title: Case History: 434th Bombardment Squadron 430; title: Establishment of Army Air Forces, Mediterranean Theater of Operations . 438; title: Personnel 448; title: Hospitalization 455; title: Air Evacuation 473; title: Special Problems of Aviation Medicine: Twelfth and Fifteenth Air Forces . 493; title: Health and Fighting Effectiveness .... 508; title: VII. MEDICAL SUPPORT OF AIR COMBAT IN EUROPE 528; title: The Early Period 529; title: The Eighth Air Force 534; title: First Echelon Medical Service for Air Combat Crews 543; title: Eighth Air Force Central Medical Establishment 547; title: Medical Support of the Early Combined Bomber Offensive 555; title: Medical Support of United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe 559; title: Hospitalization Crisis: Spring 1944 563; title: Medical Staffing 571; title: Air Support of Ground Forces: Ninth Air Force 588; title: Air Evacuation 598; title: VIII. SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF AVIATION MEDICINE IN EUROPE. . . 617; title: Protective Armor 617; title: Cold Injuries 635; title: Anoxia 647; title: Aero-otitis 655; title: Stress 660; title: Disposition 670; title: Health and Fighting Effectiveness 680; title: Injuries and Wounds 692; title: AAF Aero Medical Center 708; title: United States Strategic Bombing Survey in Germany 710; title: IX. MEDICAL SUPPORT OF AIR COMBAT IN THE PACIFIC 725; title: Hospitalization 736; title: The Central Medical Establishment 751; title: Convalescence and Rehabilitation 756; title: Medical Supply 760; title: Air Evacuation 766; title: AAF Dental Program: Case History 789; title: Health and Fighting Effectiveness 793; title: Sanitation 822; title: Terrain Factors 827; title: Native Population Factor 828; title: Special Problems in Aviation Medicine 830; title: Nutrition as a Health Factor 838; title: Stress 847; title: Disposition 856; title: X. MEDICAL SUPPORT OF AIR COMBAT IN CHINA-BURMA-INDIA . 875; title: The Early Period 876; title: Tenth Air Force 886; title: India-Burma Theater 898; title: Health and Fighting Effectiveness: Tenth Air Force and AAF India- Burma Theater 900; title: Fourteenth Air Force and AAF China Theater 902; title: Health and Fighting Effectiveness: AAF China Theater 907; title: XI. MEDICAL SUPPORT OF THE VERY LONG RANGE (VH) BOMBER PROGRAM 92; title: Organising the Medical Service of the XX Bomber Command 926; title: XX Bomber Command Moves to India 929; title: China Bases 932; title: Air Evacuation and Rescue 935; title: Health and Fighting Effectiveness: China-Burma-India 944; title: Withdrawal to the Pacific 947; title: XXI Bomber Command 949; title: Special Problems of Aviation Medicine 955; title: Health and Fighting Effectiveness: Marianas 958; title: The Final Days 964; title: U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey in Japan 965; title: POSTSCRIPT 971; title: GLOSSARY 977; title: INDEX 981; title: Tables; title: 1. Procurement of Medical Corps Officers for Duty With the Army Air Forces from August 1942-December 1942 56; title: 2. Procurement of Medical Corps Officers for Duty With the Army Air Forces from December 1942 Through December 1943 59; title: 3. Nurses Assigned by the Nursing Section, Office of the Air Surgeon 60; title: 4. Number of Medical Department Officers on Duty With the Army Air Forces Whose Separations Orders Had Been Received by the Office of the Air Surgeon from V-E Day to 29 January 1946 134; title: 5. Course Hours Schedule 148; title: 6. The School of Aviation Medicine Graduates 153; title: 7. Instruction Surgical Subjects, AAFSAM 1936-1946. 173; title: 8. AME Students From Overseas 187; title: 9. Medical Examiner Ratings 189; title: 10. Aviation Medical Examiner Graduates, August 1940-September 1945. . . . 190; title: 11. Failures AME Course in Fiscal Year; 1941-1945 191; title: 12. Didactic Grades by 3- Year Age Groups 191; title: 13. Extension Course Fiscal Years 1941-1945 194; title: 14. Unit Oxygen Officer Graduates 208; title: 15. Altitude Chamber Flights 216; title: 16. Major Surveys of the Army Air Forces Anthropological Projects 243; title: 17. Medical Technicians Graduated from the Course at the School of Aviation Medicine from November 1944 to October 1945 381; title: 18. Number of Patients Evacuated Within the United States from October 1944 Through May 1946 382; title: 19. Distribution of 1,172,648 Air Evacuees by Theater With Death Rates in Flight per 100,000 Patients (January 1943-May 1945) 399; title: 20. Hospitals Attached to Twelfth Air Force 471; title: 21. Evacuation in the Tunisian Campaign Ending 23 May 1943 480; title: 22. MTO Air Evacuation, September 1943-December 1943 486; title: 23. Patients Evacuated by Month in the Mediterranean Theather of Operations, 1944 487; title: 24. Percentages of Patients Evacuated by Category in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, 1944 488; title: 25- Patients Evacuated by Months in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, 1945 489; title: 26. Percentages of Patients Evacuated by Category in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, 1945 490; title: 27. Check Points in Effect in the Twelfth Air Force, 1943 500; title: 28. Probabilities of Survival in the Twelfth Air Force, 1944 500; title: 29. Cases Appearing Before the Medical Disposition Board of the Twelfth Air Force 501; title: 30. Fifteenth Air Force Medical Disposition Board Cases, 1944 501; title: 31. Evaluation of Diets Issued as Rations in the Theater 507; title: 32. Fifteenth Air Force, Monthly and Annual Rates for Important Causes of Noneffectiveness, 1944 510; title: 33. Fifteenth Air Force, Important Causes of Noneffectiveness by Months and Total for Year 1944 511; title: 34. Incidence of Infectious Hepatitis by Squadrons, 19 August-29 December 1944 513; title: 35- Comparative Attack Rates in Personnel Over 30 Years of Age and Personnel Under 30 Years by Various Categories 514; title: 36. Disorders Due to Flying, Twelfth Air Force, November 1943-May 1944. . 515; title: 37. Total Casualties, Flying Personnel, Fifteenth Air Force, November 1943 to May 1945 516; title: 38. Killed in Action, Flying Personnel, Fifteenth Air Force, November 1943 to May 1945 517; title: 39. Wounded in Action, Flying Personnel, Fifteenth Air Force, November 1943 to May 1945 517; title: 40. Ratio of Medical Department Personnel in 1944 to the Total Strength of the Eighth Air Force 576; title: 41. Gain and Losses in Medical Department Officer Personnel During 1944. . . 577; title: 42. Dental Officer: Personnel Status During 1944 579; title: 43. Distribution of Medical Department Personnel Within U. S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe 580; title: 44. Flight Surgeons and Aviation Medical Examiners to Units of U. S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe at Close of Period Covered by Report 582; title: 45. Distribution of Medical Department Personnel Within U. S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe 583; title: 46. Flight Surgeons and Aviation Medical Examiners Assigned to Units of U. S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe at Close of Period Covered by Report 585; title: 47. Distribution of Medical Department Personnel Within U. S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe 586; title: 48. Flight Surgeons and Aviation Medical Examiners Assigned to Units of U. S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe at Close of Period Covered by Report 588; title: 49. Air Evacuation : 609; title: 50. Patients Evacuated to United States 610; title: 51. Incidence of Body Injuries 645; title: 52. Incidence of High Altitude Cold Injury, Eighth Air Force 646; title: 53. Trend of Anoxia Accidents in the Eighth Air Force Heavy Bombardment October 1943-November 1944 655; title: 54- Permanent Removals from Flying 680; title: 55. Mean Strengths 680; title: 56. Admissions to Sick Report July 1942 to June 1945 681; title: 57. Admissions, All Causes, Diseases, and Nonbattle Injury, Air Forces in Western Europe, July 1942-June 1945 682; title: 58. Admissions, Common Respiratory Diseases, Air Forces in Western Europe, July 1942 Through June 1945 683; title: 59. Common Respiratory Diseases, July 1942-June 1945, Air Forces in Western Europe, Monthly Incidence 684; title: 60. Admissions, Pneumonia, Air Forces in Western Europe, July 1942 Through June 1945 685; title: 61. Admissions, Influenza, Air Forces in Western Europe, July 1942 Through June 1945 685; title: 62. Venereal Diseases by Type, White and Colored Personnel, Air Forces in Western Europe, July 1942 Through June 1945 686; title: 63. Admissions, Venereal Diseases, Air Forces in Western Europe, by Period, July 1942 Through June 1945 687; title: 64. Admissions, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and Other Venereal Diseases, White Personnel, by Period 688; title: 65. Admissions, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and Other Venereal Diseases, Colored Personnel, by Period 688; title: 66. Venereal Disease Rate by Commands, January Through June 1945 689; title: 67. Admissions, Diarrhea and Dysentery, Air Forces in Western Europe, July 1942-June 1945 690; title: 68. Number of Cases of Malaria and Admission Rate, July 1942-June 1945, Western European Theater 691; title: 69. Admissions, Communicable Diseases, July 1943-June 1945, Air Forces in Western Europe 691; title: 70. Principal Causes of Death, Disease and Injury, Air Forces in Western Europe, July 1942 Through June 1945 692; title: 71. Cause of Wounds (1 November 1942-31 December 1943) 692; title: 72. Body Area of Wounds (1 November 1942-31 December 1943) 693; title: 73. Single and Multiple Area Wounds (1 November 1942-31 December 1943). - 693; title: 74. Types of Wounds (1 November 1942-31 December 1943) 694; title: 75. Wounds of the Extremities (1 November 1942-31 December 1943) 695; title: 76. Fatality Rate by Area of Body Struck (1 November 1942-31 December 1943) 695; title: 77. Incidence of Wounds by Crew Position (1 November 1942-31 December 1943) - 696; title: 78. Mean Strength of Air Force Personnel, European Theater of Operations (January-June 1944) 698; title: 79. Air Force Battle Casualties, European Theater of Operations, Number, by Type of Aircraft, and Category (January-June 1944) 699; title: 80. Air Force Battle Casualties, European Theater of Operation, Rate per 1,000 per Annum (January-Tune 1944) nnn; title: 84. iNumDer t^uiea ana Missing in Action 705; title: 85. ' 'Life Table" for Group of 1,000 Bombers Starting Sorties, Lost at Specified Rates in Successive Missions, and Completing Tour at End of 25 Missions 706; title: 86. Air Force Casualties in All Theaters (December 1941-August 1945) . . . 707; title: 87. Dental Classification, September 1944 to February 1945 791; title: 88. Morbidity Rate, First Air Commando Force, 1 February 1944-30 April 1944 892; title: 89. Injuries 893; title: 90. Missing in Action 895; title: 91. Killed in Action 895; title: 92. First Air Commando Force 896; title: 93. Percentage of Combat and Noncombat Injuries, March 1943-June 1945- . . 920; title: 94. Medical Statistical Summary 942; title: 95. Direct Cause of Wounds in Forty-eight Wound Cases 945; title: 96. Wounds Classified as to Crew Position 946; title: 97. Severity of Wounds Tabulated as to Cause 947; title: Charts; title: No, Page; title: 1. War Department, Headquarters of the Army Air Forces, Washington — Organization of the Air Surgeon's Office, 25 April 1942 39; title: 2. Organizational chart for the Medical Service with the Army Air Forces, 27 May 1942 fold-in after 38; title: 3. Flow of AAF personnel returned from overseas by air through ports of aerial embarkation 98; title: 4. Flow of AAF personnel returned from overseas 99; title: 5. Human factors in aircraft design 234; title: 6. Aero medical aspects of cabin pressumation 268; title: 7. Pressure cabin 269; title: 8. Radius of aircraft turn required to blackout average pilot at various true air speeds 269; title: 9. Speed a plane must make to pull 2 to 8 G's on a flight path of 700-yard radius 270; title: 10. "G" force resulting from varying radius of turn with constant speed 270; title: 11. Organizational chart, functional, Medical Section, Headquarters U. S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe 620; title: 12. Malaria — annual admission rate per 1,000. 909; title: 13. Malaria— noneffective rate per 1,000 910; title: 14. Venereal diseases — annual admission rate per 1,000 912; title: 15. Venereal diseases — noneffective rate per 1,000 913; title: 16. Diarrheal diseases — annual admission rate per 1,000 914; title: 17. Diarrheal diseases — noneffective rate per 1,000 915; title: 18. Common respiratory diseases — annual admission rate per 1,000 916; title: 19- Common respiratory diseases — noneffective rate per 1,000 917; title: Illustrations; title: General of the Army Henry H. Arnold ii; title: Maj. Gen. David N. W. Grant (MC), The Air Surgeon Brig. Gen. Theodore C. Lyster 9; title: Planning aviation medicine 1917, Theodore C. Lyster, W. H. Wilmer, I. H. Jones, and E. R. Lewis 10; title: Staff of medical research laboratory — Mineola, New York 12; title: First anniversary celebration of Convalescent Training Center 65; title: Service commands — general hospitals — AAF regional station hospitals, AAF convalescent hospitals fold-in after 94; title: Main building, School of Aviation Medicine, Mitchel Field, New York ..... 146; title: The School of Aviation Medicine, Brooks Field, Texas, November 1929 147; title: The School of Aviation Medicine, Randolph Field, Texas . 152; title: One of the very first low-pressure chambers 199; title: Low-pressure chamber — permanent type or fixed type 200; title: Future flight surgeons work out in high-altitude chamber 201; title: Aircrew indoctrination in low-pressure chamber for high-altitude flight 202; title: Maj. Gen. Malcolm C. Grow (MC) 232; title: Maj. Gen. Harry G. Armstrong (MC) 233; title: The first building of the Aero Medical Laboratory 235; title: A combat crewman wearing the Type A-10 Demand Oxygen Mask 254; title: A combat crewman wearing the Type A-14 Demand Oxygen Mask 254; title: Simulating actual physical exertion of an airman in the sky.  255; title: Diagram of oxygen mask 256; title: Lt. Col. Randolph Lovelace II (MC) 280; title: Pressure suits 284; title: Lt. Col. Melbourne W. Boynton (MC) 342; title: Early air evacuation planes 353; title: Interior of Douglas C-54 plane showing web strapping litter 362; title: Four-motor bomber becomes mercy ship on return from bombing mission . . 363; title: Evacuating the wounded at La Guardia Field, New York 364; title: Interior of plane showing four tiers of litters 365; title: Members of the first class of air evacuation nurses graduated from Training; title: School at Bowman Field 379; title: Evacuation of wounded in North Africa, near Tunisan field of operations .... 474; title: Wounded on way to hospital 475; title: The return of an Air Evacuation Unit whose plane was forced down 492; title: Strecker visit to England in March 1944 569; title: Nurses of an evacuation hospital unit of the Ninth Air Force 589; title: General Patton with casualties waiting to be evacuated by air 602; title: England. Personnel of a USAAF air evacuation hospital unit 603; title: One of the " Grow Escadrille" 608; title: Armored suit — familiarly called Flak Suit" — developed personally by General Grow 619; title: Helmet and face protector 625; title: Life raft exhibit 626; title: High-altitude frostbite fold-in after 626; title: Stanbridge Earls, the first rest home in England for the Eighth Air Force officers 627; title: Electrically-heated muff 629; title: Heated bag used for transportation and care of wounded bomber crews 630; title: Bed patient in traction using loom and wool to make a small rug 757; title: Native stretcher bearers in New Guinea 767; title: Natives carrying wounded along Peep Trail to be evacuated by transport plane, New Guinea 768; title: Flight nurse secures a casualty of Okinawa into his stretcher on a huge transport plane 769; title: Patients being loaded by the 804th Medical Air Evacuation Transport Squadron 770; title: Patients of the 41st Infantry Division being evacuated from Dobadura, New Guinea 771; title: Mindanao, Philippine Islands, 12 May 1945 772