India's Contributions to the West
Subtitle: The stury of origin of Mathematics, Science and Philosophy in India and its dispersal to the West leading to development of modern age
Publisher: Standard Publishers India
Published: 2004
Place of publication: New Delhi, India
Description: 'India was the mother of all civilizations' is often said by many. But little significant research or reliable writing has ever been done to substantiate this fact.

"India's Contributions to the West" primarily discusses how India has been a source of knowledge to the West over ages. Even the growth of modern sciences in the West, called the 'Renaissance' was a direct result of flow of Indian knowledge to the West.

Kanaka, an Indian scientist from the Sind province of India landed in the court of Caliph al-Mansur in Baghdad with a diplomatic delegation in 773 AD along with a treasure trove of Indian scientific manuscripts in Sanskrit. He discussed the contents of the book with the Caliph. The Caliph was amazed at the scientific knowledge of the books and immediately ordered translation of the books. Al-fazari and Yakun ibn Tariq became the first Arab students of Kanaka. This process sparked a fire of knowledge in the Caliphate. Caliphs Haroun ar-Rashid and al-Mamun were successive Abbasid caliphs who promoted science and sent scientific expeditions to India in search of more manuscripts. Famous mathematician al-Khwarizmi was sent to India to study Indian science and mathematics. On return to Baghdad, al-Khwarizmi wrote a book, which was known, to Europe in its Latin translation, 'Algoritmi de Numero Indorum'. This book became the hallmark for beginning of study of mathematics in Europe.

The Abbasid empire included Spain and many parts of East Europe. The caliphs opened up libraries and universities in the areas of Europe under their empire. The caliphs organized translation of those scientific texts into Latin. Thus the texts containing scientific writings of Aryabhat, Brahma Gupta etc. reached Europe in Latin translation. These contained a lot of scientific material including even on gravitation. These sparked a light of knowledge in Europe which had that far been deprived of any scientific knowledge.

Indian knowledge was imported to Europe earlier also, especially by Pythagoras and later during the Hellenistic period. Apart from modern science and mathematics, India influenced Western religion and. philosophy as well. Modern psychology owes a lot to Indian religions. In fact West owes a lot to India in all branches of learning.

The book touches these various issues in brief. The facts have been well substantiated with appropriate
Table of contents: title: Foreword; title: Preface; title: Introduction; title: 1. THE DARK AGE IN EUROPE :; title: i. Poor condition of Science and Mathematics; title: ii. Poor Economy; title: iii. Society Riddled with Superstition; title: iv Poor Plight of the People Labeled to be Witches; title: v. Condition of Women; title: vi. Poor People; title: vii. Religious Intolerance; title: viii. General Condition; title: 2. ANCIENT INDIAN TRADITION OF SCIENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND MODERNISM, AND ITS DECLINE LATER; title: A. Science in Ancient India :; title: i. Mathematics; title: ii. Physics; title: iii. Cosmology; title: iv. Science of (Acoustics) Music; title: v. Chemistry; title: vi. Biology; title: vii. Medicine; title: viii. Other Sciences; title: B. Ancient Indian Scientists :; title: 1. Aryabhata; title: C. Ancient India was a Modern Civilization :; title: i. Equalitarian Society; title: ii. Ancient India had Modern Social Customs; title: iii. Secularism; title: iv. The Modernist Trends were Ingrained in the; title: Indian Religions; title: v. Theocracy, Religion, Science and Secularism in; title: Ancient Indian; title: D. Decline of Knowledge in India During the Last Millennium (1000 to 1999 AD); title: 3. INDIAN INFLUENCE ON THE WEST IN THE EARLY BC PERIOD :; title: i. Indian Influences on Greece before Pythagoras; title: ii. Hindu Influences on Greek Gods; title: 4. DAWN OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE WEST WITH PYTHAGORAS TURNING HINDU; title: 5. ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY : A CENTRE FOR INDO-GREEK LEARNING :; title: i. Alexandrian Scholars and Scientists; title: 6. ORIGIN OF CHRISTIANITY AND THREATS TO ALEXANDRIA :; title: i. Origin of Christianity; title: ii. Hindu Influences on Christianity; title: iii. Non-Hindu Influences on Christianity; title: iv. Threats to Alexandria; title: 7. DESTRUCTION OF GREECE AND ALEXANDRIA :; title: i. Brutal Murder of a Mathematical Genius; title: ii. Caliph Omar's Invasion and the End of Alexandria; title: 8. TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE FROM INDIA TO ARABIC LANGUAGE (BAGHDAD); title: 9. TRANSLATION OF NON-SCIENCE HINDU LITERATURE INTO ARABIC AND PERSIAN; title: 10. KNOWLEDGE MOVES WEST; title: 11. INDIA'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY; title: 12. OTHER INDIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO WEST :; title: i. Philosophy; title: ii. Miscellaneous Contributions; title: 13. THE STORY OF CALENDAR :; title: i. Babylonian Calendar; title: ii. Sumerian Calendar; title: iii. Jewish Calendar; title: iv. Chinese Calendar; title: v. Greek Calendar; title: vi. Roman Calendar; title: vii. The Ancient Egypt and Development of Modern Calendar