The Science Of Ethics
Subtitle: Volume 2: Special Ethics
Publisher: M.H. Gill and Son
Published: 1917
Place of publication: Dublin, Ireland
Table of contents: title: CONTENTS; title: CHAPTER I; title: On Natural Religion (pp. 1-46) — page; title: Definition 1; title: Nature 3; title: Presuppositions of religion 5; title: How ordinary men may know of God's existence by natural reason 6; title: Necessity and ground of religion 11; title: Objections 12; title: Erroneous theories of Kant and others 13; title: The acts of religion 15; title: Vices opposed to religion 20; title: Superstition 20; title: Irreligion 22; title: Han's duty of loving God 23; title: Appendix —; title: The primitive races and natural religion 31; title: The alleged pre-religious period 32; title: Erroneous theories on origin of religion 40; title: Monotheism— the earliest stage in history of religion 43; title: CHAPTER II; title: A Man's Duties Concerning Himself and some of; title: his Duties towards Others (pp. 47-79) —; title: Our duties towards ourselves 48; title: On Suicide 52; title: On the indirect compassing of one's own death 56; title: A Man's Duties— continued; title: Our duties towards ourselves — continued; title: On Temperance 59; title: Law of temperance 60; title: in eating and drinking 60; title: in regard to sex 63; title: Some duties towards others. 66; title: Charity 66; title: Speaking the truth 69; title: Mental restrictions 77; title: CHAPTER III; title: Our Duties towards Others, continued — On Justice (pp. 80-112) —; title: General Observations 80; title: Commutative Justice — its ground 81; title: „ „ — its end 84; title: Whether it is lawful to kill animals 86; title: Personal injuries 93; title: Whether criminals may be put to death 93; title: Whether an innocent man may be put to death 96; title: Killing in self-defence 97; title: Accidental killing 103; title: Duelling 105; title: Injures to liberty 109; title: Injuries to honour, reputation, friendship 110; title: CHAPTER IV; title: On Private Ownership and on Communism (pp. 113- 149)—; title: Definition of private ownership 113; title: Kinds of private ownership 114; title: Grounds of private ownership 115; title: The individual interest 118; title: On Private Ownership— continued page; title: The family interest 122; title: The general interest 126; title: Duties attaching to ownership 133; title: The natural titles of ownership 136; title: Occupancy 137; title: Labour 143; title: Gift 144; title: Bequest 145; title: Intestate succession 146; title: Certain civil titles of ownership —; title: Prescription 147; title: Accretion 149; title: CHAPTER V; title: Socialism (pp. 150-184) —; title: Definition 150; title: History of modern socialism 152; title: Karl Marx 156; title: Syndicalism 160; title: Grounds of Socialism 160; title: The materialistic view of history 162; title: Supposed law of concentration in capital 163; title: Smaller industries not disappearing 163; title: No tendency to unlimited concentration in large industries 174; title: Such concentration as exists is not in direction of socialism 180; title: CHAPTER VI; title: Grounds of Socialism, continued— (pp. 185-225) —; title: The surplus-value of labour 185; title: Manual labour not the only factor in production — importance of industrial ability 187; title: Grounds of Socialism — continued page; title: The surplus-value of labour — continued; title: A third factor in production — the natural sources 194; title: Some difficulties answered igg; title: Crises 201; title: Are they necessary under capitalism 203; title: Causes of crises 204; title: Are they possible under socialism 209; title: The exploitation of labour 214; title: The reserve-army of labour 217; title: The 'iron-law' of wages 220; title: Recent modifications of the 'iron law' 223; title: CHAPTER VII; title: Present Wages and Socialist Incomes Compared (pp. 225-252)—; title: Explanation of problem — position of wage-earners 221; title: Division of national income in 1904-5 228; title: Summary of result 232; title: Incomes under socialism 235; title: Difficulty — the theory that under socialism absolute loss is impossible 248; title: CHAPTER VIII; title: Remaining Defects of Socialism— Summary of Case against Socialism (pp. 253-297) —; title: Effect of Socialism on —; title: Public as producers 254; title: Public as buyers 257; title: Resumption of arguments against socialism 260; title: Financial impossibility of socialism 260; title: Socialism opposed to human welfare 261; title: Socialism and the individual interest 265; title: Remaining Defects — continued page; title: Socialism opposed to human welfare — continued; title: Socialism and the family interest 268; title: Socialism and the general interest 271; title: Limits of lawful nationalisation 275; title: Appendix A —; title: Nationalisation of the land 280; title: The systems of private ownership in land 280; title: Whether land can be privately owned 281; title: Necessity of private ownership in land 282; title: Inefficacy of proposed methods for eliminating private ownership 284; title: Inefficacy of methods for administering the land under socialism 286; title: Appendix B —; title: Nationalisation of the coal-mines 289; title: Appendix C —; title: Nationalisation of unearned increment in building-sites 290; title: Appendix D —; title: Theory of primitive communism in land 291; title: CHAPTER IX; title: On Contracts (pp. 298-312) —; title: Definition 278; title: Consent 299; title: Effect of error on consent 301; title: fear „ 305; title: Object of contract 306; title: The contracting parties 309; title: Kinds of contract 309; title: CHAPTER X; title: Some Particular Contracts (pp. 313-353) —; title: Promise 313; title: Gift 314; title: Some Particular Contracts— continued page; title: Buying and selling 315; title: Obligations of seller 315; title: The just price 316; title: Auction sales 320; title: Monopolies 325; title: Contracts of chance 326; title: Bailments 328; title: Loan of money 32S; title: Just rate of interest 333; title: The wages-contract 334; title: - Its nature 335; title: The minimum just wage 343; title: CHAPTER XI; title: The wages-contract, continued— On Strikes (pp. 354- 371) —; title: Definition and kinds of strikes 354; title: Morality of strikes 355; title: The simple or direct strike 356; title: Conditions of a just strike 360; title: The trades-union executives 363; title: The sympathetic strike 364; title: The general strike 369; title: The remedy 370; title: CHAPTER XII; title: On Injustice in regard to Property and on Restitution (pp. 372-84) —; title: Stealing 374; title: Duty of restitution 377; title: Possession mala fide 377; title: Possession bona fide 379; title: Doubtful ownership 380; title: On Injustice in regard to PROPERTY — continued page; title: Damage 380; title: Duty of restitution 383; title: Co-operation 383; title: CHAPTER XIII; title: The Family and Marriage (pp. 385-414) —; title: Definition of society 385; title: Kinds of society 387; title: The family 388; title: Marriage 389; title: Ends of marriage 390; title: Necessity of marriage 392; title: Causes or springs of marriage 400; title: Positivist opinions 402; title: Theory of primitive promiscuity 404; title: CHAPTER XIV; title: The Attributes of Marriage (pp. 415-460) —; title: Primary and secondary laws 415; title: Unity of marriage 419; title: Monogyny versus Polygyny 419; title: Monandry versus Polyandry 425; title: Indissolubility of marriage 429; title: By the, primary principles of natural law, marriage must endure until the family is fully reared 430; title: By the secondary principles of natural law, marriage is absolutely indissoluble, lasting to the end of life 435; title: Case of infertility 441; title: The natural impediments 442; title: Consanguinity 443; title: Parent and child marriages 444; title: Brother and sister marriages 447; title: The Attributes of Marriage — continued page; title: Consanguinity — continued; title: The remote degrees 449; title: Endogamy and exogamy 451; title: Appendix — historical; title: Polygyny : Polyandry : Indissolubility 455; title: CHAPTER XV; title: The State — its Nature, Origin and End (pp. 461- 503) —; title: Definition 461; title: Origin 462; title: The State — a natural institution 471; title: End of State 472; title: On governmental interference 477; title: in regard to marriage 479; title: „ „ education 486; title: Appendix —; title: The Social Contract Theory 491; title: Theory of Hobbes, Kant, etc 491; title: Theory of Suarez and Card. Bellarmine 499; title: CHAPTER XVI; title: The State — its parts (pp. 504-556)—; title: The people 504; title: On nationalities 507; title: Territory 513; title: Authority of State 515; title: Grounds of political authority 515; title: Titles „ „ 517; title: Popular election 519; title: Possession 519; title: Conquest 521; title: Prescription 522; title: Popular consent 532; title: Exclusive ability to govern 537; title: The State — its parts — continued page; title: Consequences of authority 538; title: Rebellion 540; title: Attributes of authority 544; title: Unity 544; title: Sovereignty 545; title: Conception of 545; title: Content of 548; title: Necessity of 551; title: Seat of 553; title: CHAPTER XVII; title: The Forms of State — Constitutions (pp. 557-598) —; title: Classification of forms 557; title: Unitary and federal States 563; title: Confederations and alliances 565; title: Constitutions 567; title: Definition 567; title: Kinds 568; title: Monarchy 570; title: Aristocracy 574; title: Democracy 575; title: Swiss referendum and initiative 576; title: The best State 584; title: Appendix —; title: Prerogative of English monarch 592; title: CHAPTER XVIII; title: The Functions of Sovereignty (pp. 599-632) —; title: Legislation 599; title: Relation of civil to natural law 599; title: Organ of legislation 600; title: The party system 601; title: The dual-party system 604; title: The two-chamber system 606; title: The case of dead-lock 609; title: The Functions of Sovereignty— continued page; title: The executive - 610; title: The judicial function 614; title: Duties of judges 614; title: „ „ advocates 616; title: Trial by jury 617; title: Separation of the powers 618; title: Effects of over-separation 623; title: Parliamentary government 626; title: Cabinet government 628; title: The administrative courts 630; title: CHAPTER XIX; title: International Law (pp. 633-679) —; title: Subjects of international law 633; title: Kinds of „ „ 635; title: Nature of „ „ 636; title: The natural precepts of international law 630; title: Justice 647; title: Charity 654; title: Principle of non-intervention 655; title: Treaties 657; title: War 663; title: Definition 663; title: Kinds 663; title: Lawful war always defensive 664; title: Killing in war is indirect 666; title: Combatants and non-combatants 669; title: Air-raids and sinking of merchant ships 672; title: Reprisals 673; title: Conditions of just war 674; title: Close of war 677; title: APPENDICES; title: The Financial Impossibility of Socialism 681; title: Natural and Revealed Religion 682