The See Of Rome In The Middle Ages
Publisher: Longmans, Green & Co.
Published: 1870
Language: eng
Table of contents: title: CONTENTS.; title: CHAPTER I.; title: INTRODUCTORY.; title: A. Change of field of Ecclesiastical History 1; title: B. Change of Character 3; title: C. Vicissitudes of Temporal and Ecclesiastical Power 4; title: PART I.; title: THE AGE OF GROWTH.; title: CHAPTER II.; title: THE WESTERN PATRIARCHS UNDER THE EASTERN EMPERORS.; title: A. State of the See of Rome in seventh century 9; title: (1) Causes of its importance 9; title: (2) Dignities included in the office 11; title: (3) Beginning of a new dignity 13; title: B. Gregory I. the Great 18; title: (1) His ecclesiastical administration 21; title: (2) Political relations 30; title: (3) Internal administration 32; title: C. The Successors of Gregory I. 34; title: (1) Dependence on the Eastern Empire 34; title: (2) Submission of the West 39; title: CHAPTER III.; title: THE TRANSFER OF ALLEGIANCE.; title: A. Causes of the Transfer 45; title: (1) Dependence on Constantinople a cause of weakness 45; title: (2) Iconoclasm of Emperor Leo III. 46; title: (3) The Lombards 50; title: B. Appeal of the Latin Patriarchs to the West 54; title: (1) Appeal of Gregory III. 54; title: (2) Zachary and the First Donation 56; title: (3) Stephen II. and the Second Donation 63; title: (4) Hadrian I. and the Third Donation 67; title: C. Allegiance given to revived Western Empire 72; title: (1) Troubles of Leo III. 72; title: (2) Charles in Rome 73; title: (3) Coronation of Charles 74; title: CHAPTER IV.; title: THE POPES UNDER THE CAROLINGIANS.; title: A. The Papacy to the Treaty of Verdun 77; title: (1) Importance of the coronation 77; title: (2) Position of the Papacy after the coronation 79; title: B. The False Decretals 89; title: (1) History of the Decretals 89; title: (2) Drift of the Decretals 93; title: C. The Papacy as developed by the False Decretals 97; title: (1) Nicolas I. 97; title: (2) Hadrian II. 104; title: (3) John VIII. 109; title: Pedigree of Carolingians 112; title: CHAPTER V.; title: THE NIGHT OF THE PAPACY.; title: A. The Popes under the rivaLItalian parties 113; title: (1) Party of Guido of Spoleto and Lambert in the ascendant 15; title: (2) Ascendency of Berengar 117; title: (3) Ascendency of the Tuscan party 119; title: B. Imperial intervention 122; title: (1) Intervention of Otto I. 122; title: (2) Ascendency of Tuscan party 128; title: (3) Intervention of Otto III. 130; title: C. Ascendency of Tuscan party 135; title: (1) John XVII., John XVIII., and Sergius IV. 135; title: (2) Counts of Tusculum 136; title: (3) Three rival Popes 137; title: CHAPTER VI.; title: CHURCH AND STATE.; title: A. New relations of Church and State 141; title: (1) The Church altered 141; title: (2) Importance attaching to bishops and princes 143; title: (3) Roman system identified with religion 145; title: B. Gains for the Church 148; title: (1) Wealth from donations, tithes, and manses 149; title: (2) Privileges of the clergy 15; title: (3) Power of higher clergy 155; title: C. Disadvantages for the Church 158; title: (1) Free elections abolished 158; title: (2) Ecclesiastical matters settled by secular tribunals 166; title: D. Results of these influences on the Church 170; title: (1) Share of the bishops in secular legislation 170; title: (2) Effects on the episcopate 171; title: (3) Beneficial results of ecclesiastical influence on society 174; title: PART II.; title: THE AGE OF GREATNESS.; title: CHAPTER VII.; title: THE HILDEBRANDIAN ERA.; title: A. Causes of reform 187; title: (1) Italian party alarmed 188; title: (2) Earnest men aroused 189; title: (3) Reforms from within 189; title: B. Chief points of reform 190; title: (1) Independence of the Popes 190; title: (2) Clerical celibacy 194; title: (3) Simony 202; title: C. Struggles with princes the result of the reform 204; title: (1) Philip of France threatened 204; title: (2) Struggle with Henry IV. 205; title: CHAPTER VIII.; title: THE POPES AND ANTIPOPES.; title: A. Causes of the appearance of rival Popes 214; title: (1) Decree of Nicolas II. 215; title: (2) Norman assistance 217; title: (3) Popular sympathy 218; title: B. First Period 219; title: (1) Alexander II. and Honorius II. 219; title: (2) Gregory VII. and Clement III. 220; title: (3) Gelasius II. and Gregory VIII. 222; title: C. Depression of the Papacy and Empire 223; title: (1) Depression of the Papacy 223; title: (2) Depression of Empire 227; title: (3) Returning power 229; title: D. Renewed struggle of Antipopes 231; title: (1) Struggle of Frederic I. and Hadrian IV. 232; title: (2) Alexander III. and Antipopes 234; title: CHAPTER IX.; title: CLIMAX OF THE PAPAL POWER.; title: A. The Era of Innocent III. 242; title: (1) The Popes before Innocent III. 242; title: (2) Innocent III. 245; title: (3) Innocent III.'s successors 258; title: B. Struggle with the Empire under Innocent IV. and his successors 263; title: (1) Persecution of Hohenstaufen 264; title: (2) Decision of imperial elections 267; title: C. Boniface VIII. 269; title: (1) His tyanny 269; title: (2) His defective title 269; title: (3) Persecution of the Colonnas 270; title: (4) Grant of Indulgences 271; title: (5) Conflict with Philip the Fair 272; title: CHAPTER X.; title: THE HOLY EMPIRE.; title: A. The Holy Empire 280; title: (1) Meaning of the expression 280; title: (2) The idea in the time of Gregory VII. 282; title: (3) The idea in the time of Innocent III. 284; title: (4) The idea in the time of Boniface VIII. 285; title: B. Causes 287; title: (1) Evils of anarchy produced a love of system 287; title: (2) Confusion of Church and State 288; title: (3) General confusion in people's minds 289; title: C. Consequences of the idea 290; title: (1) On the State 290; title: (2) On the Church 293; title: (3) On the relations of Church and State 300; title: CHAPTER XI.; title: THE CRUSADES.; title: A. Crusades in general 306; title: (1) Idea of a Crusade 306; title: (2) Causes of Crusades 308; title: (3) Effects of the Crusades 314; title: B. The First Crusade 317; title: (1) Occasions 318; title: (2) The crusading rabble 321; title: (3) The real Crusade 322; title: (4) Frankish kingdoms in the East 325; title: C. Crusades of twelfth century 326; title: (1) Crusade of 1101 326; title: (2) The Second Crusade 327; title: (3) The Third Crusade 329; title: D. Crusades of first half of thirteenth century 333; title: (1) Fourth Crusade to Constantinople 334; title: (2) Fifth Crusade 339; title: (3) Crusade of Frederic II. 34; title: E. The Crusades of St Louis 34; title: (1) Sixth Crusade 34; title: (2) Seventh Crusade 34; title: CHAPTER XII.; title: INVESTITURES AND JURISDICTION : CLERICAL TAXATION.; title: A. Property of Church 347; title: (1) Real property 348; title: (2) Personal property 35; title: B. Investitures 356; title: (1) Causes of the struggle 356; title: (2) Beginning of the struggle 356; title: (3) Struggle in England 358; title: (4) Struggle with kings of Castile 363; title: (5) Struggles in the empire 363; title: C. Struggle for jurisdiction in England 367; title: (1) Causes of the struggle 369; title: (2) Course of the struggle 372; title: (3) Sequel 37; title: (4) The Church victorious 381; title: D. Inroads on wealth of Clergy 382; title: (1) Disposal of benefices 383; title: (2) Legates instead of appointments to benefices 387; title: (3) Taxation of the Clergy 390; title: Pedigree of English Sovereigns 396; title: Appendix I.; title: Magna Charta translated 397; title: PART III.; title: AGE OF DECLINE.; title: CHAPTER XIII.; title: THE POPES AT AVIGNON.; title: A Loss of political supremacy 409; title: (1) Benedict XI. 410; title: (2) Clement V. 411; title: B. Struggles of Popes for power 421; title: (1) Attempts to regain independence from France 421; title: (2) Attempts to regain supremacy in Germany 423; title: C. Public opinion against the Popes 431; title: (1) Clement VI. 431; title: (2) Innocent VI. 434; title: (3) Urban V. 434; title: (4) Gregory XI. 436; title: CHAPTER XIV.; title: THE GREAT SCHISM OF THE WEST.; title: A. The rise and progress of the Schism 439; title: (1) Urban VI. and Clement VII. 440; title: (2) Boniface IX. 445; title: B. Attempts to heal the Schism 447; title: (1) Attempts proceeding from neutrals 447; title: (2) Attempts made by the French King and States 450; title: (3) Attempts made by the Cardinals 451; title: (4) Share of Gregory XII. and Benedict XIII. 453; title: C. Consequences of the Schism 455; title: (1) Oppression of the Church 455; title: (2) Exposing of corruptions 458; title: (3) Enquiry into history stimulated 459; title: (4) Secular power applied to ecclesiastical matters 459; title: (5) Appeal to General Councils 460; title: Appendix II.; title: Statute of Praemunire 462; title: CHAPTER XV.; title: THE INDEPENDENT COUNCILS OF THE WEST.; title: A. The Council of Pisa 468; title: (1) Acts of the Council 469; title: (2) After-events 472; title: B. Council of Constance 475; title: (1) The Council convened 475; title: (2) Order of proceedings 476; title: (3) Efforts to heal the Schism 480; title: (4) Failure of the Council to produce reformation 486; title: C. Papacy of Martin V. 490; title: (1) Circumstances attending his election 490; title: (2) Policy of Martin V. 492; title: (3) Policy after the Council 494; title: D. Council of Basle 495; title: (1) Preliminaries to the Council 49; title: (2) Assertion of its independence 496; title: (3) Measures of reform 499; title: (4) Collision with the Pope 401; title: Appendix III.; title: Concordat with England 510; title: CHAPTER XVI.; title: LAST YEARS OF THE MEDIAEVAL PAPACY.; title: A. Administration of AEneas Sylvius 514; title: (1) Nicolas V. 515; title: (2) Crusades against the Turks 518; title: (3) Endeavours to advance the Papal power 524; title: B. The Successors of Eneas Sylvius 527; title: (1) Moral corruption 527; title: (2) Political degradation 533; title: CHAPTER XVII.; title: THE BREAKING UP OF THE HOLY EMPIRE.; title: A. Transition Period for Church and State 542; title: (1) International position of the Pope and the Emperor 542; title: (2) Rise of nationalities and national Churches 546; title: (3) Breaking up of Latin Christianity and the Empire 547; title: B. Parallelism in the history of the Empire and the Papacy 549; title: (1) Both derived from a common origin 549; title: (2) Parallelism recognised by Dante 55; title: (3) Instances of parallelism 55; title: C. Mutual influence of Church and State -559; title: (1) Influence of Church 559; title: (2) Influence of Stale 561; title: CHAPTER XVIII.; title: CHURCH AND STATE IN ANTAGONISM.; title: A. Opposition to the Papacy 569; title: (1) Opposition of States-General 570; title: (2) Opposition of Spirituals 572; title: (3) Opposition of the Emperors 574; title: (4) Opposition of Ecclesiastics 575; title: B. Opposition to the Hierarchy 576; title: (1) Emanating from the Pope 576; title: (2) Regulars and Seculars 577; title: C. General Opposition to the Church 573; title: (1) Curtailment of ecclesiastical jurisdiction 579; title: (3) Prohibition of gifts in mortmain 582; title: CHAPTER XIX.; title: NATIONAL REACTIONS AGAINST THE LATIN SYSTEM.; title: A. Reaction in England 585; title: (1) The earlier movement national 588; title: (2) The later movement devoted to general reforms 592; title: (3) The national movement after Wyclifie 598; title: B. Political reformation in Bohemia 599; title: (1) The movement national 599; title: (2) The movement anti-hierarchical 606; title: (3) Movement again national under the Hussites 615; title: C. Gallican movement in France 618; title: (1) Beginning under Louis IX. 618; title: (2) Under Philip the Fair 620; title: (3) Assertion of Gallican principles during the Schism 621; title: (4) Gallican liberties secured at Bourges 624; title: Conclusion 628; title: Appendix IV.; title: Statutes of Provisors 632; title: INDEX 639