Liability insurance law in Canada
By: Gordon Hilliker.
Edition: 4th ed.
Publisher: LexisNexis Butterworths
Published: 2006
Place of publication: Markham, Ont
Language: eng
Format: Hardcover
Number of pages: 427
Subjects: Insurance, Liability -- Canada
Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index.
Table of contents: title: Part I — Matters of General Application; title: Chapter 1; title: The Nature of Liability Insurance; title: 1. 	Liability Insurance Defined; title: 2. 	Types of Liability Insurance Policies; title: 3.	Indemnity, Liability and Contingency Contracts; title: Distinguished; title: 4. 	Statutory Requirements; title: 5. 	Injured Person’s Right of Action; title: Chapter 2; title: The Contract of Insurance; title: 1. 	Formation of the Contract; title: (a)	Formal Requirements; title: (b)	Interim Coverage; title: (c)	Contents of the Policy; title: (d)	Amending the Contract; title: (e)	Choice of Law; title: (f)	Misrepresentation; title: (g)	Non-Disclosure; title: (h)	Public Policy		23; title: 2. 	Terms of the Contract		26; title: (a)	Express Terms		26; title: (i) 	Declarations		26; title: (ii) 	Definitions		26; title: (iii) 	Insuring Agreement		26; title: (iv) 	Exclusions		27; title: (v) 	Conditions		27; title: (vi) 	Endorsements, If Any		27; title: (b)	Implied Terms		27; title: (i) 	Business Efficacy		27; title: (ii) 	Implied Term of Good Faith and Fair Dealing		28; title: 3. 	Construction of the Policy		29; title: (a)	Construction According to Ordinary Meaning		30; title: (b)	Construction According to Purpose		31; title: (c)	Construction Contra Proferentem		33; title: (d)	The Doctrine of Reasonable Expectations		36; title: (e)	Construction of Exclusion Clauses		37; title: (f)	Use of American Authority		38; title: 4. 	Burden of Proof		39; title: Chapter 3; title: Conditions of the Policy		41; title: 1. 	Premium		41; title: 2. 	Inspection and Audit		42; title: 3. 	Notice of Accident, Occurrence, Claim or Suit		44; title: 4. 	Assistance and Co-operation		47; title: 5. 	Action against Insurer		50; title: 6. 	Subrogation		52; title: 7. 	Other Insurance		53; title: (a)	Types of Policies		53; title: (b)	Types of Clauses		53; title: (i) 	Primary Clauses		53; title: (ii)	Excess Clauses		55; title: (iii)	Escape Clauses		56; title: (c)	Resolving Coverage When Policies Overlap		56; title: 8. 	Changes to the Policy		64; title: 9. 	Cancellation and Termination		65; title: 10. 	Assignment		66; title: 11. 	Separation of Insureds and Cross Liability		67; title: 12.	Representations		67; title: 13.	Relief against Forfeiture		67; title: Chapter 4; title: Limits of Liability		75; title: 1.	Deductible Provisions		75; title: 2. 	Upper Limits		77; title: (a)	Policy Language		77; title: (b)	Limit per Person		79; title: (c)	Limit per Accident or Occurrence		79; title: (d)	Aggregate Limit		80; title: Chapter 5; title: The Duty to Defend		83; title: 1. 	When the Duty to Defend Arises		83; title: (a)	The Pleadings Rule		83; title: (b)	Where the Pleadings Are Ambiguous		88; title: (c)	Burden of Proof		90; title: (d)	The Underlying Facts Exception		90; title: (i)	Where the Underlying Facts Bring the Claim within; title: the Insuring Agreement		93; title: (ii)	Where the Underlying Facts Take the Claim; title: outside the Insuring Agreement		94; title: (iii)	Where the Underlying Facts Bring the Claim within; title: a Policy Exclusion		95; title: (iv)	Where the Underlying Facts Bring the Claim within; title: an Exception to an Exclusion		99; title: (e)	Claims within the Deductible		100; title: (f)	Where Policy Limits Have Been Exhausted		100; title: (g)	Multiple Causes of Action, One or More of Which Is; title: Outside Coverage		103; title: (h)	The Duty to Defend Where There Are Multiple Insurers		104; title: (i) 	Overlapping Coverage		105; title: (ii) 	Excess Coverage		106; title: (iii) 	Where Coverage Is Several		107; title: (iv) 	Where Coverage Is in the Alternative		107; title: 2.	Apportionment and Reimbursement of Defence Costs		108; title: 3. 	The Scope of the Duty to Defend		111; title: 4. 	The Duty to Settle		112; title: 5. 	Proceedings to Determine the Duty to Defend		116; title: (a)	Where the Allegations Do Not Present a Claim within; title: Coverage		119; title: (b)	Where There Has Been a Misrepresentation or a Breach; title: of a Policy Condition		120; title: (c)	Where the Underlying Facts Establish That the Claim Is; title: Excluded		125; title: 6. 	Election, Waiver and Estoppel		126; title: (a)	Election and Waiver		126; title: (b)	Estoppel by Representation		127; title: (c)	Reservation of Rights and Non-Waiver Agreements		128; title: 7. 	Consequences of the Refusal to Defend		130; title: (a)	Loss of Policy Rights		130; title: (b)	Breach of Contract		131; title: (c)	Bad Faith		132; title: 8. 	Right to Select and Instruct Counsel		133; title: (a)	Breach of Condition		138; title: (b)	Claims in Excess of Policy Limits		138; title: (c)	Covered and Uncovered Claims		138; title: (d)	Alternative Claims — One Covered, One Not Covered		139; title: (e)	Punitive Damages		141; title: 9. 	Duty of Counsel		141; title: (a)	Acting for Two Clients		142; title: (b)	Avoiding Conflicts		144; title: (c)	Confidentiality		145; title: (d)	Insurer-Imposed Guidelines		147; title: Part II — Commercial Liability Insurance; title: Chapter 6; title: Introduction to Commercial Policies		151; title: 1. 	Types of Commercial Policies		151; title: 2. 	Structure of a Commercial Liability Policy		152; title: 3. 	Persons Insured		154; title: (a)	Policy Language		154; title: (b)	Proprietorships		156; title: (c)	Partnerships and Joint Ventures		156; title: (d)	Corporations and Other Organizations		157; title: (e)	Employees		157; title: (f)	Insured’s Real Estate Manager		158; title: (g)	Newly Acquired Organizations		159; title: (h)	Additional Insureds by Endorsement		159; title: (i)	Severability of Insureds or “Cross-Liability”		159; title: 4. 	Premises and Operations Covered		160; title: (a)	Premises and Operations Coverage		161; title: (b)	Completed Operations		162; title: (c)	Products Hazard		164; title: Chapter 7; title: The Insuring Agreement		167; title: 1. 	Structure of the Insuring Agreement		167; title: 2. 	Liability Imposed by Law		168; title: 3. 	Damages		170; title: 4. 	Bodily Injury and Property Damage		175; title: (a)	Bodily Injury		175; title: (b)	Property Damage		177; title: 5. 	Accident and Occurrence		183; title: (a)	Accident versus Occurrence		183; title: (b)	Meaning of “Accident”		184; title: (c)	Causation		185; title: (d)	“Accident” and Negligence		186; title: (e)	“Accident” and Deliberate Acts		187; title: (f)	“Accident” and Courting the Risk		190; title: (g)	“Accident” and Business Risks		194; title: (h)	Reconciling the Various Tests for “Accident”		199; title: 6. 	Policy Territory		199; title: 7. 	Period of Coverage		201; title: (a)	Occurrence Policies		201; title: (b)	Claims-Made Policies		205; title: 8. 	Contractual Liability Coverage		207; title: Chapter 8; title: Exclusions		211; title: 1. 	Contractual Liability		211; title: 2. 	Automobile, Watercraft and Aircraft		214; title: 3. 	Care, Custody or Control		222; title: (a)	Damage to Property Owned or Occupied by or Rented to; title: the Insured		223; title: (b) 	Damage to Property Used by the Insured		223; title: (c) 	Damage to Property in the Care, Custody or Control of; title: the Insured		224; title: (d)	Damage to Personal Property or Fixtures as a Result of; title: Work Performed Thereon		225; title: 4. 	Product and Performance		226; title: (a) 	Damage to Product		227; title: (b) 	Work Performed		229; title: (c) 	Performance		230; title: 5. 	Recall (or “Sistership”)		232; title: 6. 	Employee and Workers’ Compensation		234; title: 7. 	Intentional Injury		235; title: 8. 	Environmental Liability		240; title: 9. 	Professional Services		251; title: Chapter 9; title: Endorsements		255; title: 1. 	Property Damage Endorsement		255; title: 2. 	Additional Property Damage Exclusion		256; title: 3. 	Contractual Liability Endorsement		256; title: 4. 	Broad Form Property Damage Endorsement		257; title: Chapter 10; title: Personal Injury And Advertising Injury Liability Coverage		263; title: 1. 	The Insuring Agreement		263; title: 2. 	Exclusions		267; title: 3. 	Advertising Injury		269; title: Part III — Other Topics; title: Chapter 11; title: Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance		275; title: 1. 	In General		275; title: 2. 	Insuring Agreement		276; title: (a)	Loss		277; title: (b)	Claim		277; title: (c)	Liability Imposed by Law		278; title: (d)	Wrongful Act		278; title: (e)	In the Capacity of Director or Officer		279; title: 3. 	Persons Insured		279; title: 4. 	Period of Coverage		280; title: 5. 	Exclusions		280; title: 6. 	Duty to Defend		281; title: Chapter 12; title: Environmental Liability Insurance		283; title: 1. 	Commercial Liability Policies		283; title: (a)	Before the Pollution Exclusion		283; title: (i) 	Liability Imposed by Law to Pay Damages		284; title: (ii) 	Because of Bodily Injury or Property Damage		284; title: (iii) 	Caused by an Accident or Occurrence		286; title: (b)	Exclusion of Environmental Liability		286; title: (c)	Environmental Damage Endorsement		288; title: (d)	Limited Pollution Liability Coverage		289; title: (e)	Personal Injury Coverage for Pollution Claims		290; title: 2. 	Environmental Impairment Liability Policies		291; title: 3. 	Other Policies		291; title: Chapter 13; title: Professional Liability Insurance		293; title: 1. 	“Professional” Defined		293; title: 2. 	Insuring Agreement		294; title: 3. 	Notice Requirements		296; title: 4. 	Exclusions		297; title: Chapter 14; title: Personal Liability Insurance		301; title: 1. 	Form of the Policy		301; title: 2.	Insuring Agreement: Personal and Premises Liability		301; title: 3. 	Additional Coverage for Voluntary Payments		304; title: 4. 	Defence and Supplementary Payments		305; title: 5. 	Exclusions		306; title: (a)	Automobile, Watercraft and Aircraft		306; title: (b)	Business Pursuits and Professional Activities		309; title: (c)	Intentional Injury or Criminal Act		312; title: (d)	Claims by One Insured against Another Insured		314; title: 6. 	Persons Insured		317; title: Chapter 15; title: Insurance Coverage for Sexual Torts		319; title: 1. 	Proving the Policy		319; title: 2. 	Coverage under Commercial Liability Policies		321; title: (a)	Bodily Injury		322; title: (b)	Whether Sexual Abuse Is an Occurrence		322; title: (c)	Trigger of Coverage		324; title: (d)	Intentional Injuries		326; title: (i) 	Whether Intent Is Determined Subjectively or; title: Objectively		327; title: (ii) 	Mixed Allegations: Intentional Wrongdoing and; title: Negligence		329; title: (iii) 	The Innocent Co-insured		330; title: (iv) 	Coverage for Assault and Battery		332; title: (e)	Criminal Act Exclusion		334; title: (f)	Sexual Molestation Exclusions		334; title: (g)	Late Notice		335; title: (h)	Coverage under Other Commercial Policies		335; title: 3. 	Coverage under Professional Liability Policies		336; title: 4.	Coverage under homeowners’ and Tenants’ Policies		339