Blood and fire, tsar and commissar
Subtitle: the Salvation Army in Russia, 1907-1923
By: Tom Aitken ; foreword by John Larsson.
Series: Studies in Christian history and thought
Publisher: Paternoster
Published: 2007
Place of publication: Milton Keynes, Bletchy, England; Colorado Springs, Colo
Language: eng
Number of pages: 319
ISBN-13: 9781842275115
Subjects: Salvation Army -- Russia -- History; Missions -- Russia -- History
Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p. [303]-314) and index.Contents


Foreword by General John Larsson	xiii
Acknowledgements	xv
A Note on Spelling, Dates and Other Matters	 xviii
Maps 		xix
European Russia 1907–1923	xix
St Petersburg/Petrograd 1913–1923 	xx-xxi
Moscow 1913–1923 (inset)	xxi

Introduction	1

Chapter 1 
The Salvation Army Looks East	4
An International Congress   	4
A Mission Becomes an Army	 5
Revivalist Dishes from the Music Hall’s Table	 8
The World Resists Salvation	 11
Needful MONEY, Necessary Officers: The Trials of Autocracy	 13
International Standstill	 18
The Gravitational Pull of the Great Bear	 19
Anarchy, Salvation and Order	 24
Were there ‘Fields White Unto Harvest’? 	25	 	
Chapter 2 
The Third Rome	27
A Gulf Fixed	27
Orthodox Clergy	30
Common Ground?	33
The Peasantry: The Great Hope, the Great Unknown	37
Schismatics, Sceptics and Sects: Orthodoxy Divided	39
Orthodoxy, Nationality and ‘Religious Freedom’	41
The Third Rome	42
The Tsar and St Serafim	45
Father Gapon and 1905	50
Reform Frustrated: Autocracy on the Slide	52

Chapter 3 
Lord High Evangelist	59
Radstock on the Neva	59
Tolstoy and Chertkov	65
Radstock and Dostoyevsky	67
Radstockism, Pashkovism and Orthodoxy	69
Radstockism and The Salvation Army	72

Chapter 4 
Khitrovka	81
Skid Row, Russian Style	 81
Rescue the Perishing, Duty Demands It	81
The Industrial Empire	83
The Alcoholic Empire	87
Tolstoy, Khitrovka and the Sermon on the Mount	90
Tolstoy and Booth: Two Who Never Met	93

Chapter 5 
Diplomatic Prelude	95
Railton, Rodjestvensky and the Hull Fishing Fleet	95
Stead Meets Stolypin	100
Railton Again	109
The General Speaks	117
Undercover Operations	131

Chapter 6
Messengers of Salvation	139
A Viking Warrior, a Death and an Exhibition 	139
The War Cry Becomes Vestnik Spaseniya 	147
‘My Best Men Are Women’ 	151
Gavan 		154
Interludes in Riga and London 	159
Russia at War 		163
Russia’s ‘Greatest Victory’ 	166
A New Commander 	168
Sisters of Mercy 	169


Chapter 7 
Explorations and Reversals	180
The Salvation Army: International, Foreign or Russian? 	180
Larsson Meets Some Peasants	184
Larsson and Orthodoxy 	188
A Setback 	191
A Self-inflicted Wound	 196
The End of Imperial Russia 	197

Chapter 8 
1917: A Transient Freedom	202
Revolution	202
A Petrograd Spring and Easter: Public Meetings at Last	205
The First Open Air Meeting: Trouble on Vasilevsky Island	211
Trophies: Conversions and Testimonies	214
Commissioner Mapp and the Bolshevik Revolution	218
Uproar in Helsingfors	238
Larsson Travels South	239
Cut Off	242

Chapter 9 
Disease, Death, Terror, Endurance	243
Socialism, Civil War and a Poet’s Despair	243
Salvationists Garrison a Palace	244
Seligman Faces a Firing Squad	247
Starvation and Epidemic	249
Mapp’s Bank Accounts, Lenin’s New Society	251
Larsson’s Last Stand	252
Boije’s Countryside Campaigns	260
The Valley of the Shadow	265
Could The Salvation Army Have Survived in Communist Russia?	269	
Chapter 10 
The War on Religion	272
The End of the ‘American’ Home	272
‘Spiritual Gin…Unutterable Vileness’	274
Larsson Meets the Cheka	278
Famine and Freezing Weather	279
Prisoners for Christ	281
Meanwhile, in Moscow…	287
Indian Summer	290
Liquidation 	291

Epilogue: The Long Aftermath	297
Russian Salvationists in Paris 	297
Clara, Helmy, Elsa and Nadia 	299
Karl Larsson 	300
Russian Salvationists in Russia 	301

Bibliography	303

General Index	315
Table of contents: label: Contents   Foreword by General John Larsson	xiii Acknowledgements	xv A Note on Spelling, Dates and Other Matters	 xviii Maps 		xix European Russia 1907–1923	xix St Petersburg/Petrograd 1913–1923 	xx-xxi Moscow 1913–1923 (inset)	xxi  Introduction	1  Chapter 1  The Salvation Army Looks East	4 An International Congress   	4 A Mission Becomes an Army	 5 Revivalist Dishes from the Music Hall’s Table	 8 The World Resists Salvation	 11 Needful MONEY, Necessary Officers: The Trials of Autocracy	 13 International Standstill	 18 The Gravitational Pull of the Great Bear	 19 Anarchy, Salvation and Order	 24 Were there ‘Fields White Unto Harvest’? 	25	 	 Chapter 2  The Third Rome	27 A Gulf Fixed	27 Orthodox Clergy	30 Common Ground?	33 The Peasantry: The Great Hope, the Great Unknown	37 Schismatics, Sceptics and Sects: Orthodoxy Divided	39 Orthodoxy, Nationality and ‘Religious Freedom’	41 The Third Rome	42 The Tsar and St Serafim	45 Father Gapon and 1905	50 Reform Frustrated: Autocracy on the Slide	52  Chapter 3  Lord High Evangelist	59 Radstock on the Neva	59 Tolstoy and Chertkov	65 Radstock and Dostoyevsky	67 Radstockism, Pashkovism and Orthodoxy	69 Radstockism and The Salvation Army	72  Chapter 4  Khitrovka	81 Skid Row, Russian Style	 81 Rescue the Perishing, Duty Demands It	81 The Industrial Empire	83 The Alcoholic Empire	87 Tolstoy, Khitrovka and the Sermon on the Mount	90 Tolstoy and Booth: Two Who Never Met	93  Chapter 5  Diplomatic Prelude	95 Railton, Rodjestvensky and the Hull Fishing Fleet	95 Stead Meets Stolypin	100 Railton Again	109 The General Speaks	117 Undercover Operations	131  Chapter 6 Messengers of Salvation	139 A Viking Warrior, a Death and an Exhibition 	139 The War Cry Becomes Vestnik Spaseniya 	147 ‘My Best Men Are Women’ 	151 Gavan 		154 Interludes in Riga and London 	159 Russia at War 		163 Russia’s ‘Greatest Victory’ 	166 A New Commander 	168 Sisters of Mercy 	169   Chapter 7  Explorations and Reversals	180 The Salvation Army: International, Foreign or Russian? 	180 Larsson Meets Some Peasants	184 Larsson and Orthodoxy 	188 A Setback 	191 A Self-inflicted Wound	 196 The End of Imperial Russia 	197  Chapter 8  1917: A Transient Freedom	202 Revolution	202 A Petrograd Spring and Easter: Public Meetings at Last	205 The First Open Air Meeting: Trouble on Vasilevsky Island	211 Trophies: Conversions and Testimonies	214 Commissioner Mapp and the Bolshevik Revolution	218 Uproar in Helsingfors	238 Larsson Travels South	239 Cut Off	242  Chapter 9  Disease, Death, Terror, Endurance	243 Socialism, Civil War and a Poet’s Despair	243 Salvationists Garrison a Palace	244 Seligman Faces a Firing Squad	247 Starvation and Epidemic	249 Mapp’s Bank Accounts, Lenin’s New Society	251 Larsson’s Last Stand	252 Boije’s Countryside Campaigns	260 The Valley of the Shadow	265 Could The Salvation Army Have Survived in Communist Russia?	269	 Chapter 10  The War on Religion	272 The End of the ‘American’ Home	272 ‘Spiritual Gin…Unutterable Vileness’	274 Larsson Meets the Cheka	278 Famine and Freezing Weather	279 Prisoners for Christ	281 Meanwhile, in Moscow…	287 Indian Summer	290 Liquidation 	291  Epilogue: The Long Aftermath	297 Russian Salvationists in Paris 	297 Clara, Helmy, Elsa and Nadia 	299 Karl Larsson 	300 Russian Salvationists in Russia 	301  Bibliography	303  General Index	315