Physics in a mad world
By: editor, M. Shifman, University of Minnesota ; translated from Russian by James Manteith
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
Published: 2016
Language: eng
Number of pages: 540
ISBN-13: 9789814619288; 9789814619295
Subjects: Nuclear fusion; Biography; Physicists; Supersymmetry
Description: This book tells captivating stories of misadventures of two renowned theoretical physicists in the Soviet Union. The first part is devoted to Friedrich (Fritz) Houtermans, an outstanding Dutch-Austrian-German physicist who was the first to suggest that the source of stars' energy is thermonuclear fusion, and also made a number of other important contributions to cosmochemistry and geochemistry. In 1935, Houtermans, a German communist, in an attempt to save his life from Hilter's Gestapo, fled to the Soviet Union. He took up an appointment at the Kharkov Physico-Technical Institute, working there for two years with the Russian physicist Valentin P Fomin. In the Great Purge of 1937, Houtermans was arrested in December by the NKVD (Soviet Secret Police, KGB's predecessor). He was tortured, and confessed to being a Trotskyist plotter and German spy, out of fear of threats against his wife Charlotte. However, Charlotte had already escaped from the Soviet Union to Denmark, after which she went to England and finally the USA. As a result of the Hilter-Stalin Pact of 1939, Houtermans was turned over to the Gestapo in May 1940 and imprisoned in Berlin. The second part consists of two essays that narrate the life story of Yuri Golfand, one of the codiscoverers of supersymmetry, a major discovery in theoretical physics in the 20th century. In 1973, just two years after the publication of his seminal paper, he was fired from the Lebedev Physics Institute in Moscow. Because of his Jewish origin he could find no job. Under such circumstances, he applied for an exit visa to Israel, but his application was denied. Yuri Golfand became a refusnik and joined the Human rights movement, along with two other prominent physicists, Andrei Sakharov and Yuri Orlov. To earn his living, he had to do manual work, repeatedly being intimidated by KGB. Only 18 years later, shortly before the demise of the Soviet Union, did he obtain permission to leave the country, emigrating to Israel in 1990. These personal life stories of two outstanding theorists are interwined with the tragedies of the 20th century and make for compelling reading.--

"This book is about two outstanding physicists whose destinies were deeply intertwined with the tragedies and drama of the times in which they lived. Friedrich (Fritz) Houtermans was the first to understand why stars shine. He endured Stalin's prisons in the Moscow of the late 1930s, then faced the Gestapo in Germany. In the early 1970s, Yuri Golfand was among the discoverers of theoretical supersymmetry, a concept which completely changed mathematical physics in the 21st century. After his discovery, his research institution in Moscow fired him. He knew the humiliations of the Brezhnev regime firsthand, blacklisted and unemployed for the rest of the decade due to his desire to emigrate to Israel. In this volume, you will find captivating stories of the physicists' lives, as told by their friends, colleagues and relatives."--Back cover.
Notes: Translated from the Russian.

Includes bibliographical references and index.
Table of contents: title: Part I. Houtermans. Professor Friedrich Houtermans. Works, Life, Fate / Victor Frenkel; title: Introduction; title: Beginnings; title: Göttingen; title: Berlin; title: 1933; title: London; title: Impressions of Kharkov; title: Kharkov: 1935-1937; title: Arrests; title: Last months in the USSR (from Charlotte Houtermans' diary); title: Descent into the prisons: 1937-39; title: From desperation to hope (continuation of Charlotte Houtermans' diary); title: Fighting for freedom; title: Descent into the prisons: 1939-40; title: The bridge over the river Bug; title: On the other shore; title: Back in Berlin; title: The plutonium report; title: "They should accelerate!"; title: Back in Kharkov; title: Kharkov trace (what happened at the session of the Academy of Sciences); title: Who are Beck and Godin?; title: War's end; title: The age of the earth; title: Friends on Houtermans; title: Chronology; title: Appendices (compiled by the editor). Last diary / Charlotte Houtermans ; Odessa 1930 / Boris Diakov, G. Nikolaev, and Olga Cherneva ; Chronological report of my life in Russian prisons / Friedrich Georg Houtermans ; Letter to friends (circa 1946) / Alexander Weissberg ; After the war / Edoardo Amaldi.; title: Part II. Golfand. The life and fate of Yuri Golfand / Boris Eskin; title: In memory of Yuri Abramovich Golfand / Boris Bolotovsky.