Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
Publisher: Chapman & Hall
Published: 1874
Place of publication: London, England
Language: eng
Table of contents: title: TABLE OF CONTENTS.; title: FEUDALISM 1; title: Origin. — Barbaric Laws. — Enfeoffment. — Charlemagne and the Church. — First Construction of Strongholds. — Vassal and Suzerain.— Feudal • Rights. — The Truce of God. — Feudal Churches and Abbeys. — Communal Principles.— New Townships. — Origin of the French Bourgeoisie. — The English Magna Charts. — Alienation of Fiefs. — Liberation of the Serfs. — Imperial Cities. — Feudal Rights of the Bishops. — St. Louis. — Wars between France and England. — La Bulle d'Or. — The States-General. — Origin of the Third Estate.; title: WAR AND ARMIES 33; title: The Invasions of the Barbarians. — Attila. — Theodoric seizes Italy. — Organizations of Military Fiefs. — Defences of Towns. — Totila and his Tactics. — The Military Genius of Charlemagne. — Military Vassalage — Communal Militia. — Earliest Standing Armies. — Loss of Technical Tradition. — The Condottieri. — The Gendarmerie. — The Lancet Foumiee . — Weakening of Feudal Military Obligations. — The French Army in the Time of Louis XI. and his Successors. — Absence of Administrative Arrangement. — Reforms. — Mercenary Troops. — Siege Operations and Engines.; title: NAVAL MATTERS 74; title: Old Traditions : Long Vessels and Broad Vessels. — The Dromon. — The Galtasse. — The Coque. — Caracks and Galleons. — Francis I.'s Great Carack. — Caravelles. — The Importance of a Fleet. — Hired Fleets. — Poop Guards. — Naval Laws. — Seaport Tribunals. — Navigation in the open Seas. — The Boussole. — Armament of Men-of-war. — Towers and Ballistic Engines. — Artillery. — Naval Strategy. — Decorations and Magnificent Appointments of Vessels. — Sails and Flags. — The Galley of Don Juan of Austria. — Sailors' Superstitions. — Discipline and Punishments.; title: THE CRUSADES 104; title: Arab Conquest of the Holy Land. — Swarm of Pilgrims in the Year 1000. — Turkish Invasion of Judea.— Persecution of the Christians. — Pope Silvester II. — Expedition of the Pisans and the Genoese. — Peter the Hermit. — Letter from Simeon the Patriarch to Pope Urban II. — First Crusade. — Expedition of "Gautier sans Avoir." — Godefroi de Bouillon. — The Kingdom of Jerusalem. — Second Crusade. — St. Bernard. — Third Crusade : Philip Augustus and Richard Cceur-de-Lion.— Fourth Crusade. — Fifth and Sixth Crusades. — Louis IX. turns Crusader. — Seventh Crusade. — St. Louis taken Prisoner. — Eighth and last Crusade. — Death of St. Louis. — Results of the Crusades.; title: CHIVALRY (Duels and Tournaments) 136; title: Origin of Chivalry. — Its different Characteristics. — Chivalric Gallantry.— Chivalry and Nobility. — Its Relations with the Church. — Education of the Children of the Nobility. — Squires. — Chivalric Exercises. — Pursuivants-at-arms. — Courts and Tribunals of Love. — Creation of Knights. — Degradation of Knights. — Judicial Duels. — Trials by Ordeal. — Feudal Champions. — Gages of Battle. — The Church forbids Duels. — Tournaments invented by the Sire de Preuilly in the Tenth Century. — Arms used in a Tournament. — Tilt. — Lists. — The part taken by Ladies. — King Rent's Book.; title: MILITARY ORDERS     172; title: Pierre Gerard founds the Order of St. John of Jerusalem ; History of that Order. — The Siege of Rhodes. — History of the Order of the Knights Templars. — Order of the Knights of Calatrava. — Order of the Teuton Knights. — Order of the Knights of the Golden Fleece. — Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus. — Orders of the Star, of the Cosse de Geneste, of the Ship, of St. Michael, and of the Holy Ghost.; title: LITURGY AND CEREMONIES 208; title: Prayer. — Liturgy of St. James, of St. Basil, and of St. John Chrysostom. — Apostolical Constitutions. — The Sacrifice of the Mass. — Administration of baptism. — Canonical Penances. — Plan and Arrangement of Churches. — Ecclesiastical Hierarchy.— The Ceremony of Ordination. — Church Bells. — The Tocsin. — The Poetry of Gothic Churches. — Breviary and Missal of Pius V. — Ceremonies used at the Seven Sacraments. — Excommunication. — The Bull In Cand Domini . — Processions and Mystery Plays at the Easter Solemnities. — Instrument of Peace. — Consecrated Bread. — The Pyx. — The Dove.; title: THE POPES 245; title: Influence of the Papacy in the Reformation of Early Society. — St. Leo the Great. — Origin of the Temporal Power of the Popes. — Gregory the Great. — The Iconoclastic Emperors. — Stephen III. delivered by France. — Charlemagne crowned Emperor of the West.— Phot ius. — The Diet of Worms.— Gregory VII.; his Plan for a Christian Republic. — Urban II. — The Crusades.— Calixtus II. ; Termination of the Dispute as to Investiture. — Innocent III.— Struggle of Boniface VIII. against Philippe le Bel. — The Great Western Schism. — Council of Florence. — Battle of Lepanto. — Council of Trent.; title: THE SECULAR CLERGY 274; title: The Minor and the Major Orders in the Early Centuries of the Church. — Establishment of Tithes originally voluntary, and afterwards obligatory. — Influence of the Bishops. — Supremacy of the See of Rome. — Form of Episcopal Oath in the Early Centuries. — Reform of Abuses by the Councils. — Remarkable Sayings of Charlemagne and Hinc- mar. — Public Education created by the Church. — The Establishment of the Communes favoured by the Bishops. — The Beaumont Law.— Struggle with the Bourgeoisie in the Fifteenth Century. — The Council of Trent. — Institution of Seminaries.; title: THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS 299; title: The First Monks. — St. Anthony and his Disciples. — St. Pachomius and St. Athanasius. — St Eusebius and St Basilius. — Oenobitism in the East and in the West — St Benedict and the Benedictine Code. — Monkish Dress. — St Columba. — List of the Monasteries in Charlemagne's Time. — Sendees rendered by the Monks to Civilisation, Arts, and Letters. — Reform of the Religious Orders in the Twelfth Century. — St Norbert. — St Bernard. — St Dominic.— St. Francis of Assisi. — The Carmelites. — The Bernardinos. — The Barnabites. — The Jesuits.; title: CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS 339; title: Christian Charity in the First Centuries of the Church. — The Eastern Empresses. — The Holy Roman Ladies. — Olympiads, Melanie, Marcella, and Paula. — Charity at the Court of the Franks. — St Margaret of Scotland and Matilda of England. — Hedwige of Poland. — Origin of the Lasar-houses. — The Lazarrets in France and in England. — Progress and Vicissitudes of the Order of St. Lazarus. — The Foundations of St. Louis. — The Order of Mercy founded by St. Nolasque. — St Catherine of Sienna and St. Francis. — Bemardin Obregon. — Jean de Dieu. — Philippe de Neri. — Antoine Y van.; title: PILGRIMAGES 362; title: The first Pilgrimages to Jerusalem and Rome. — The Worship of the Martyrs. — Pilgrims' Hospitals. — Images of the Virgin Mary. — Relics brought from the East by the Crusaders. — Celebrated Pilgrimages of Early Days. — The Roman Basilicas. — St Nicholas de Bari. — Notre- Dam® de Tersatz. — St Jacques de Compostella. — Notre-Dame du Puy, de Liesse, de Chartres, de Rocamadour. — Pilgrimages in France, Germany, Poland, Russia, and Switzerland.; title: HERESIES 394; title: The real Meaning of the word Heresy. — The Heretics of the Apostolic Days. — Simon the Magician.— Cerinthus. — The Nicolai tans. — The Gnostics. — The Schools of Philosophy of Byzantium, Antioch, and Alexandria. — Julian the Apostate. — The Pelagians and the semi- Pelagians. — Nestorius. — Eutyches. — The Iconoclasts. — Amaury. — Gilbert de la Porree. — Abelard. — Arnold of Brescia. — The Albigensea. — The Waldenses. — The Flagellants. — Wickliff. — John Huss. — Jerome of Prague. — Luther. — Henry VIII. and the Anglican Church. — Calvin.; title: THE INQUISITION  428; title: General Principles of the Inquisition ; its Existence amongst the Greeks and Romans. — The Papal Inquisition. — The Inquisition in France. — The Albigensea. — The Royal Spanish Inquisition ; its Political Purposes ; it is opposed by the Popes. — Inquisitors of Toledo excommunicated by Leo X. — The Holy Hermandad. — The Spies of the Inquisition. — The Holy Office and the Supreme. — The Prisons of the Inquisition. — The Auto-da-fi . — The Inquisition in the Netherlands. — The Protestant Inquisition in Holland, Germany, France, England, and Switzerland.; title: BURIALS AND FUNERAL CEREMONIES 447; title: Embalming and Incineration of Bodies amongst the Ancients. — Interment brought into practice by Christianity. — The Wrapping of the Dead in Shrouds. — The Direction in which the Bodies were laid. — Absolution Crosses. — Funeral Furniture. — Coffins and Sarcophagi in the Middle Ages. — Funereal Sculpture and Architecture, from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. — The Catacombs at Rome. — Charnel-houses in the Churches — Public Cemeteries. — The Cemetery of the Innocents, Paris. — Lanterns for the Dead. — Funerals of the Kings and Queens of France. — The Rolls of the Dead. — Consoling Thought of the Resurrection and of Eternal Life.