Minicomputer Systems
Subtitle: Organization, Programming, and Applications (PDP-11)
By: Richard H. Eckhouse, Jr., L. Robert Morris.
Contributors: Morris, L. Robert, joint author.
Edition: 2d ed.
Publisher: Prentice-Hall
Published: 1979
Place of publication: Englewood Cliffs, N.J
Language: eng
Number of pages: 491
Subjects: PDP-11 (Computer) -- Programming.; Minicomputers -- Programming.
Description: The front cover depicts a schematic of Prof. Derek de Solla Price's analysis of the 2000-year-old Antikythera gear mechanism, which is described on the back cover:

The oldest known minicomputer system, the Antikythera mechanism, was created circa 80
B.C. by an ancient mechanician, possibly on the island of Rhodes. A party of sponge fishers
discovered fragments of the device in a shipwreck off Antikythera, northwest of Crete, in
1900. This instrument predates any known mechanical system of similar complexity by hundreds of years and is thus the oldest existing relic of scientific technology.

The fragments of the instrument were "reconstructed" and the function of the mechanism
decoded primarily through the efforts of Derek de Solla Price, presently Avalon Professor of
History of Science at Yale University.

The gears, schematically depicted on the cover, were all fashioned from a single bronze
sheet and were encased in a rectangular box about 17 cm wide, 32 cm high, and 9 cm deep.
Two sets of rotatable annular dials, upper and lower, filled the back cover while a single dial
with two annuli, the inner fixed and the outer moveable, was centrally located on the front.
The device was apparently a portable hand-calculator for displaying calendrical cycles. System
input was via the crown-gear wheel at the right; five turns moved the mechanism dials
through a yearly cycle. System output, via the dial pointers, was a visual indication of various
astronomical phenomena, such as the motions of the sun and moon in the zodiac, and risings
and settings of bright stars and constellations throughout the year.

The device is the true predecessor of the modern minicomputer system by virtue of its
sophisticated differential turntable, which has no known historical precedent. The synodic
motion of the moon, the cycle of phases from new moon to full moon, is the difference between the sidereal motions of the sun and moon against the background of fixed stars.
The differential gear apparently computes and, via the dials, displays positional information
regarding these cycles for any time of year.

The provenance, decoding, function, and historical significance of the Antikythera
mechanism is fully documented in Dr. Price's monograph, "Gears from the Greeks", Science
History Publications, New York, 1975.
Notes: Bibliography: p. 477-483.
Includes index.