chardard
Subtitle: a novel
Publisher: author
Published: 1982
Place of publication: Paris
Format: literary novel
Number of pages: 209
Description: This is ,probably the very first novel that is written in persian(Farsi), which utilizes ,technique ofstresm of conciousness,in narrating the story.It has a detailed introduction by the author,who explains how the book was created and what influenced him the most.
The author was a friend of celebrated persian writer ,Sadegh Hedayat,who read early draft of this book and made some comments about it.The photocopy of pats of these comments has been provided by the author in the end of introduction.
Since the author was not able to publish the book in 1954 ,in Iran without censor ,he did not publish the book until 1982 in Paris by himself. After the publication of the novel  in Paris,persian writers and critics have ignored the book,eventhough it is an unprecedented attempt by, then, a young writer to to experiment a new genre ,in persian literature.
    The story,happens in one winter night in 1939 in Tehran, Iran,but still has its resonance in contemporary persian society. It is narrated by the father( Mamad),the pregnant mother soon going into labor(Mariam) ,maid of the householdDokhi) and elder son of the family (Razi).The title of the book(chardard) is a reference to a persian expression,meaning the hardest and most painful part of labor.