Birch species survive well on problem coal mine spoils.
Language: eng
Subjects: Coal mines and mining -- Pennsylvania.; Tree planting.; Birch.; Acid soils.; Reclamation of land -- Pennsylvania.; Bituminous coal-breaker refuse.; Mine spoils -- Pennsylvania.; Trees -- Growth.
Description:   The survival and growth rates of seven birch species planted on acid coal mine spoils and a deep-mine coal-breaker refuse pile were examined.  Not all birch species survived on the coal-break refuse yet the survival rates of all the species were satisfactory on the spoil areas. The most suitable species for the reclamation of spoil areas in Pennsylvania was determined to be Betula papyrifera marsh, paper birch.
Notes: Bibliogr.

1