Social pressure influences decisions of individuals
Subtitle: evidence from the behavior of football referees
By: by Thomas Dohmen.
Series: Discussion paper ;; no. 1595; Discussion paper (Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit : Online) ;; no. 1595
Publisher: IZA
Published: 2005
Place of publication: Bonn, Germany
Language: eng
Format: Electronic resource
Description: "Analyzing the neutrality of referees during twelve German premier league (1st Bundesliga) football seasons, this paper documents evidence that social forces influence agents' preferences and decisions. Those, who are appointed to be impartial, tend to favor the home team as they systematically award more injury time in close matches when the home team is behind. Referees also tend to favor the home team in decisions to award goals and penalty kicks. The composition of the crowd affects the size and the direction of the bias. The intensity of social pressure as measured by the crowd's proximity to the field determines how strongly referees' decisions are influenced. Not all agents are, however, affected to the same degree by social pressure"--Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit web site.
Notes: Also available in print.
Includes bibliographical references.
Title from PDF file as viewed on 6/15/2005.
System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.