To change them forever
Subtitle: Indian education at the Rainy Mountain Boarding School, 1893-1920
By: by Clyde Ellis.
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Published: 1996
Place of publication: Norman, Okla
Language: eng
Number of pages: 250
Subjects: Rainy Mountain Boarding School.; Indians of North America -- Cultural assimilation.; Indians of North America -- Education.; Kiowa Indians -- Cultural assimilation.; Kiowa Indians -- Education.
Description: Between 1893 and 1920 the U.S. government attempted to transform Kiowa children by immersing them in the forced assimilation program that lay at the heart of that era's Indian policy. Committed to civilizing Indians according to Anglo-American standards of conduct, the Indian Service effected the government's vision of a new Indian race that would be white in every way except skin color.

Reservation boarding schools represented an especially important component in that assimilationist campaign. The Rainy Mountain School, on the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation in western Oklahoma, provides an example of how theory and reality collided in a remote corner of the American West. Rainy Mountain's history reveals much about the form and function of the Indian policy and its consequences for the Kiowa children who attended the school.

In To Change Them Forever Clyde Ellis combines a survey of changing government policy with a discussion of response and accommodation by the Kiowa people. Unwilling to surrender their identity, Kiowas nonetheless accepted the adaptations required by the schools and survived the attempt to change them into something they did not wish to become. Rainy Mountain became a focal point for Kiowa society.
Notes: "Chapter 1 is reprinted from the American Indian culture and research journal, vol. 18, no. 3, 1994. Chapter 3 ... reprinted from the Chronicles of Oklahoma"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references (p. [231]-243) and index.

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