Fundamental Ethics
Subtitle: An Ethical Analysis, Conducted By Way Of Question And Answer, For Use In Classes Of Moral Philosophy
Publisher: Loyola University Press
Published: 1921
Place of publication: Chicago, USA
Language: eng
Number of pages: 138
Table of contents: title: CHAPTER I. ETHICS AND MAN.; title: Article I. Nature and Requirements of Ethics. Nature of Ethics — Previous truths to be admitted — The will of man, though free, is responsible to its Creator 11; title: Article II. Standard of Good and Evil.; title: Good and evil — Right and wrong — How to find the standard — A fundamental fact and a consequence — The purpose of creation — The system of the universe — The order of nature — The order broken  13; title: Article III. Man.; title: Man — Body and soul a unit — Reason and free will in right and wrong 16; title: Article IV. The End and the Good.; title: The end of anything — How found — Proximate, ultimate, and intermediate end — The "good" — The highest good — All goods, for man, subordinated to the highest good, as all man's acts are subordinated to the highest exercise of the act peculiar to human nature 17; title: CHAPTER II. THE HUMAN ACT.; title: Article I. The Human Act and the Innate Tendency.; title: The human act — The act of the man — Knowledge and free will — The purpose — The final purpose — The mistaken purpose — The good of reason — The good of the will — The innate tendency 20; title: Article II. The True and the Apparent Good.; title: The choice of the will — The true good and the apparent good — Evil, as evil, never chosen — Two guiding rules 24; title: Article III. Perfect Happiness.; title: Perfect happiness — Desired by all —Attainable — Found in the possession of the highest good — Not attainable in this life — How to arrive at it 26; title: Article IV. The Voluntary and the Free.; title: Spontaneous action — Voluntary and involuntary act — Elicited and commanded act — The voluntary, indirect and vitual — Distinction between free and voluntary 30; title: Article V. Circumstances Affecting the Volutary.; title: Ignorance and concupiscence — Violence and fear — Invincible, vincible, and studied ignorance — A forced act — The voluntary in the habit 35; title: Article I. Moral Good and Moral Evil.; title: Morality — It belongs to the human act — Moral good and moral evil — The keeping or disturbing of the natural order of things — Moral good and moral evil for man — The human act, morally good, keeps man directed towards his last end — The word "moral" 41; title: Article II. Determinants of Morality.; title: Determinants of morality — Purpose, means, circumstances — Circumstances: relevant, irrelevant, aggravating, extenuating, specifying — Act: when materially or formally bad — The intention or the desire not accomplished — The indifferent act 44; title: Article III. False Views.; title: Opinion or human law does not affect the intrinsic morality of an act — No rule of morality in atheism, pantheism, materialism — The so-called "moral sense" 49; title: CHAPTER III. MORALITY.; title: Article IV. Imputability.; title: Imputability — Attributable and imputable — An act imputable in so far as voluntary 50; title: CHAPTER IV. LAW.; title: Article I. The Moral Law.; title: Law — The moral law — Its binding force — Law, rule, precept — Characters of law — Law binding only when promulgated 52; title: Article II. The Natural Law.; title: The natural law — Its existence — Readily known — A special testimony — The natural law is divine — It is that part of the eternal law which applies to man's free acts — Natural law irrevocable, unchangeable .54; title: Article III. Promulgation of the Natural Law.; title: Natural law promulgated by reason — Reason is not the law — False position of Kant — How rectified — What is meant by the expression "law of reason"  .57; title: Article IV. Obligation.; title: Obligation — Physical and moral freedom — Foundation of obligation — Mistake of rationalists — Office of reason — Law prior to obligation 60; title: Article V. Knowledge of the Natural Law.; title: Knowledge of the natural law — Fundamental principles — Immediate and remote conclusions — The first principle 63; title: Article VI. Command and Prohibition.; title: Affirmative and negative precepts — How they oblige 65; title: Article VII. Sanction of Law.; title: Sanction — Sanction of the natural law — Natural consequence of violated law — Partial and complete sanction — Sanction known — Threefold sanction   66; title: Article VIII. Positive Law.; title: Positive law — Its possibility — Divine and human — How known — Ultimate basis — Presupposes natural law — The unjust law — Ignorance in the transgressor of human law 69; title: Article IX. A Summary.; title: Summary — Essential difference between natural and positive law — Natural law enforced by the civil law 73; title: CHAPTER V. MORAL CONSCIENCE.; title: Article I. Moral Conscience.; title: Moral conscience — True and false conscience — Culpability and fake conscience 75; title: Article II. Moral Certainty and Doubt.; title: Moral certainty — Inquiry — Invincible ignorance — Doubt — Examination — The unpromulgated law — An important restriction — Example — Education of conscience — "Feelings" are not conscience   77; title: CHAPTER VI. AIDS AND HINDRANCES TO OBSERVANCE OF MORAL ORDER.; title: Article I. The Passions.; title: The passions — Of the sensitive order — An instrument of the will — Not our guide — Why called bad — The primary passions 81; title: Article II. Habits: Virtues, Vices.; title: Habits — An act and a habit — A moral habit — Virtue and vice — The cardinal virtues : prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance 86; title: CHAPTER VII. SOME ERRORS.; title: Sentimentalism — Sensism — Sensualism — Positivism — Utilitarianism 90; title: CHAPTER VIII. DUTY AND RIGHT.; title: Duty and right — Moral obligation and moral power — Free will under law — Our essential relations 93; title: CHAPTER IX. RIGHTS.; title: Article I. Basis and Nature of Rights.; title: Law the principle of right and duty — Enforcing of rights — Impeded right — Inviolable moral power — Subject, term, matter, and title of right 96; title: Article II. Partition of Rights.; title: Innate and acquired rights — Alienable and inalienable rights 98; title: CHAPTER X. DUTIES.; title: Duty — Its source — Natural and positive duties — Negative and affirmative duties — Motive of duty — Perfect and imperfect duties — Term of a duty 101; title: CHAPTER XI. COLLISION OF RIGHTS.; title: Article I. Collision 106; title: Article II. Summary of Cases 108; title: Article III. Some Principles 112; title: CHAPTER XII. VINDICATION OF RIGHTS.; title: Vindication — Perfect rights — Repelling the aggressor — The use of force — The rule of defence — Reparation of an injury — The use of force — Appeal to authority 118; title: CHAPTER XIII. ARGUMENT OF THE WORK.; title: Argument of the Work 123; title: Index 133