Introduction to wind principles
By: Thomas E. Kissell
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Published: 2011
Place of publication: Boston
Language: eng
Format: Trade Paperback
Number of pages: 304
ISBN-13: 9780132125338
Table of contents: title: Basic parts of wind turbines and how they generate electricity -- History of wind power -- Wind turbine classifications -- Wind turbine specifications -- Wind turbine standards and certification -- Need for uninterrupted power supply -- Electricity transmission limitations -- Electrical demand in UNITED STATES  -- Total daily demand for electricity in UNITED STATES  -- Total peak demand -- Commercial and industrial demand -- Residential demand -- Grid-tied systems -- Stand-alone remote power sources -- Environmental and ecological assessments for wind power -- Need for energy from green technologies -- Future directions for wind power -- Political implications for wind power -- Financial implications and return on investment -- Green energy payback calculations -- Tax considerations for wind power -- Skills needed for green technology jobs -- Jobs in wind power industries -- Basic physics of wind power -- The nature of wind -- Geographic considerations for wind systems -- Variations in wind speed -- Seasonal and annual variations in wind speed -- Day/night variations in wind speed -- Turbulence -- Gusting wind speeds -- Extreme wind speeds -- Predicting wind speed -- Turbulence in wakes on wind farms -- Turbulence in complex terrain -- Sizing a wind power system for a particular application -- Determining how much wind power is available at a site -- Local codes that may affect wind power systems -- Site requirements -- Determining the proper site for a wind turbine -- Introduction and overview of airfoils -- Types of turbines -- Vertical-axis wind turbines -- Horizontal-axis wind turbines -- Blade geometry -- Number of blades -- Comparison of blade types -- Advantages and disadvantages of single-bladed, two-bladed, and three-bladed turbines -- Constant-rotational-speed operation -- What makes the turbine blade rotate -- Angle of attack and blade pitch -- Blade pitch control -- How wind turbines operate at variable wind speeds -- Estimating how much energy is converted -- Testing wind turbines -- Problems with wind generator turbulence -- How to determine wind generator peak performance -- Overview of the horizontal-axis wind turbine -- The nacelle and the nacelle bedplate -- Rotor hubs and blade types -- Number of blades -- Rotor blade pitch adjustments and teetering -- Rotational speed and rotor speed control -- Individual pitch control of the blades -- Control of blades for load efficiency -- Yaw mechanism -- Yaw drives -- Yaw control -- Yaw drive brakes -- Data acquisition and communications -- The anemometer and wind vane -- Wind turbine supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems -- Wind turbine control systems -- Basic operation of the programmable logic controller -- PLC inputs and outputs -- PLC analog control -- Controlling wind turbines through feedback control to the PLC -- Using the PLC for power control -- Optimizing blade tip speed -- Using the PLC to optimize blade torque -- PLC program storage and permanent memory -- Controlling the magnetizing current in the generator -- Hydraulic controls -- What the hydraulic system is used for on a wind turbine -- Hydraulic pumps -- Directional control devices -- Electrical control through hydraulic solenoid valves -- Hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors -- Hydraulic proportional control valves -- Brakes on wind turbines -- Overview of AC and DC electricity -- What is alternating current? -- Frequency of AC voltage -- Introduction to magnetic theory -- DC generators -- AC motors -- Basic AC alternators (generators) -- Asynchronous AC generators -- Synchronous generators -- Doubly fed (double-excited) AC induction generators -- Permanent-magnet synchronous generators -- Using an alternator to produce DC voltage -- Why gearboxes are needed -- Advantages of gear ratios -- Types of gears -- Helical planetary gears -- Bearings -- Gearbox differential and spur gears -- Main gearbox -- Drive trains -- Direct-drive systems -- Understanding the grid -- The smart grid -- Transformers, transmission, and distribution infrastructures -- Grid code rules and regulations -- The national electrical code and other requirements for the grid -- Supplying power for a building or residence -- Switches and connections for power distribution -- Utility grid-tied net metering -- Overview of power quality issues -- Frequency and voltage control -- Voltage, true power, and reactive power -- Low-voltage ride-through -- Flicker and power quality -- System grounding -- Underground feeder circuits -- Cable installation -- Overhead feeder circuits -- Wind farm substations -- Connecting to residential or commercial single-source power systems -- Types of wind turbine towers -- Foundations and concrete support for towers -- Climbing towers -- Safety issues when working with towers and climbing safety -- Lightning safety for wind turbines -- Overspeed safety and overload controls to protect towers -- Birds and bird safety around towers -- Tower maintenance -- Project development -- Wind site assessment -- Site issues -- Visual and landscape assessment -- Small residential wind turbine systems -- Home-made wind turbine systems -- Commercial wind turbine systems -- Wind farms -- Offshore installations in the UNITED STATES  -- Large offshore wind farms in Europe -- Steps in the installation of a wind turbine -- Overview of troubleshooting -- Understanding the troubleshooting process -- What is the difference between a symptom and a problem? -- Using troubleshooting tables and a troubleshooting matrix -- Troubleshooting wind turbine generation and transmission problems -- Troubleshooting mechanical problems and tower problems -- Troubleshooting electrical problems -- Troubleshooting hydraulic problems -- Periodic maintenance of wind generation systems -- Major overhaul of a wind turbine -- Basic electricity and a simple electrical circuit -- Measuring volts, amps, and ohms -- Using Ohm's law to calculate volts, amperes, and ohms -- Fundamentals of electrical circuits -- Examples of series circuits -- Parallel circuits -- Series-parallel circuits -- Capacitors and capacitive reactance -- Resistance and inductance in an AC circuit -- Impedance; calculating the total opposition for an inductive and resistive circuit -- True power and apparent power in an AC circuit -- Calculating the power factor -- How to change power factor with inductors or capacitors -- Volt-ampere reactance (VAR) -- Three-phase transformers -- Theory and operation of a relay and contactor -- Why motor starters are used -- Fuses -- Electronic components used in inverters and circuits -- Using a diode for rectification -- Light-emitting diodes -- PNP and NPN transistors -- The silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) -- The triac -- Inverters : changing DC voltage to AC voltage.