Politics in commercial society
Subtitle: Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith
By: Istvan Hont ; edited by Bela Kapossy and Michael Sonenscher
Contributors: Kapossy, Bela, 1965- editor; Sonenscher, Michael, editor
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Published: 2015
Place of publication: Cambridge, Massachusetts
Language: eng
Number of pages: 138
ISBN-13: 9780674967700
Subjects: Economics; Political aspects; Commerce; Philosophy
Description: Scholars normally emphasize the contrast between the two great eighteenth-century thinkers Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith. Rousseau is seen as a critic of modernity; Smith as an apologist. Istvan Hont, however, finds significant commonalities in their work, arguing that both were theorists of commercial society and from surprisingly similar perspectives. In making his case, Hont begins with the concept of commercial society and explains why that concept has much in common with what the German philosopher Immanuel Kant called unsocial sociability. This is why many earlier scholars used to refer to an Adam Smith Problem and, in a somewhat different way, to a Jean-Jacques Rousseau Problem. The two problems—and the questions about the relationship between individualism and altruism that they raised—were, in fact, more similar than has usually been thought because both arose from the more fundamental problems generated by thinking about morality and politics in a commercial society. Commerce entails reciprocity, but a commercial society also entails involuntary social interdependence, relentless economic competition, and intermittent interstate rivalry. This was the world to which Rousseau and Smith belonged, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Politics in Commercial Society is an account of how they thought about it. Building his argument on the similarity between Smith and Rousseau’s theoretical concerns, Hont shows the relevance of commercial society to modern politics—the politics of the nation-state, global commerce, international competition, social inequality, and democratic accountability.
Notes: Text of the six Carlyle Lectures on the thought of Adam Smith and Jean-Jacques Rousseau that Hont gave at Oxford University in the Hilary Term of 2009.

Includes bibliographical references and index.