Muhammad and the formation of sacrifice
By: Gerd Marie Adna
Series: Europäische Hochschulschriften. Reihe XXIII, Theologie -- Bd. 944; Europäische Hochschulschriften -- Bd. 944.
Publisher: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc
Published: 2014
Place of publication: Frankfurt, Germany
Language: eng
Number of pages: 279
ISBN-13: 9783631629956
Subjects: Sacrifice; 11.82 Islamic traditional literature; Islam
Description: Islam has a festival of sacrifice, id al-adha, which is celebrated each year in the month of pilgrimage. Simultaneous to the celebration and the sacrificial ritual in Mecca, during hajj, sheep, camels and cows are slaughtered all over the Muslim world. The story about how Abraham nearly sacrificed his son, Ishaq or Isma'il (Q 37), is important. Also other parts of the Qur'an contribute to the understanding of the id al-adha. Further, texts from the first 500 years after hijra contribute to a new comprehension of the theology of sacrifice in Islam. In this monograph insights from the wider field of religious and anthropological studies (esp. R.A. Rappaport) are applied to the source texts about sacrifices and rituals in pre-Islam and Islam.
Notes: Includes bibliographical references.
Table of contents: title: Ch. 1; title: Sacrifice in Islam? -- -- ch. 2; title: Theoretical and Research Historical Perspectives -- -- 2.1.; title: Islamic sacrificial rituals seen in the light of Roy A. Rappaport's Religion and Rituals in the Making of Humanity -- -- 2.1.1.; title: Ritual orders and self-referential and canonical messages -- -- 2.1.2.; title: Ultimate Sacred Postulates -- -- 2.1.3.; title: Sanctified expressions and logos -- -- 2.1.4.; title: Analogue and digital time -- -- 2.2.; title: From the history of the study of sacrifice -- -- 2.2.1.; title: Sacrificial terms and schemes -- -- 2.2.1.1.; title: Sacrifice and terminology -- -- 2.2.1.2.; title: The terms "sacrifice", "offering", "victim", "immolation" and "slaughtering" -- -- 2.2.1.3.; title: Sacrificial schemes -- -- 2.2.1.4.; title: Sacrifice, communion and communication -- -- 2.2.2.; title: Sacrifice, community and gender -- -- 2.2.3.; title: Sacred and profane -- -- 2.2.4.; title: Complementary ideas about sacrifice -- -- 2.3.; title: Primary sources of the Islamic reception of sacrifice -- -- 2.4.; title: The Islamic sacrifice in scholarly discussions -- -- 2.4.1.; title: Historical and religious analyses of the pilgrimage to Mecca -- -- 2.4.2.; title: Studies of pre-Islamic and Islamic sacrifice in the Qur'an and hadith -- -- 2.4.3.; title: Discussions of the two sons and the Feast of Sacrifice, 'id al-adha -- -- 2.4.4.; title: Judicial analyses of the role of sacrifice and slaughtering in Islam -- -- ch. 3; title: The Qur'an -- -- 3.1.; title: Selection of texts -- -- 3.2.; title: The offering of Ibrahim's son according to Q 37 -- -- 3.2.1.; title: Context of the narrative -- -- 3.2.2.; title: Q 37:99 -- 113 -- -- 3.2.3.; title: Episodes linked to the portrait of Ibrahim -- -- 3.2.3.1.; title: Q 17:31 -- 33 and Q 6:136 -- 137, "You shall not kill' -- -- 3.2.3.2.; title: Q 3:96 -- 97a, Ibrahim's religion and signs -- -- 3.2.3.3.; title: Q 6:162, Prayer and service of sacrifice -- -- 3.3.; title: Other texts -- -- 3.3.1.; title: Sacrificial rituals -- -- 3.3.1.1.; title: Q 22:26 -- 35, Sacred rites and animal -- -- 3.3.1.2.; title: Q 22:36 -- 38, "Their flesh and blood does not reach God -- -- 3.3.1.3.; title: Q 2:67 -- 73, Musa sacrifices a cow -- -- 3.3.1.4.; title: Q 5:1 -- 4, Permitted and non-permitted animals -- -- 3.3.1.5.; title: Q 5:30 -- 32, The offerings by Adam's two sons -- -- 3.3.2.; title: Compensation -- -- 3.3.2.1.; title: Q 2:196 and 48:25, 27, Hajj and sacrifice, fasting and almsgiving -- -- 3.3.2.2.; title: Q 5:95 -- 103, Killing or sacrifice -- -- 3.3.3.; title: Positive and negative statements -- -- 3.3.3.1.; title: Q 108:1 -- 3, "Pray to your Lord and sacrifice to Him" -- -- 3.3.3.2.; title: Q 3:183 and 46:28, Sacrifice and signs -- -- 3.3.3.3.; title: Q 9:99, Coming close or sacrifice -- -- ch. 4; title: Pre-Islamic Sacrifices -- -- 4.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 4.2.; title: Ibn al-Kalbi's description of the sacrificial rituals associated with pre-Islamic deities -- -- 4.2.1.; title: Deities and the superiority of Mecca -- -- 4.2.2.; title: Other idols that were worshipped according to Ibn al-Kalbi -- -- 4.2.3.; title: Divination arrows and oracles -- -- 4.2.4.; title: Deities, sacrifices and altars -- -- 4.3.; title: Ibn Ishaq's and Ibn Hisham's descriptions -- -- 4.3.1.; title: Pre-Islamic Mecca and its surroundings -- -- 4.3.2.; title: Sacrifices and deities, and their abolition -- -- 4.3.3.; title: Hajj and sacred time in pre-Islamic Makka according to Ibn Ishaq -- -- 4.3.4.; title: The Zamzam well and sacrifice -- -- 4.4.; title: Pre-Islamic and Islamic sacrifices described by al-Tabari -- -- 4.4.1.; title: Tawhid and time -- -- 4.4.2.; title: The aspect of time in Adam's life -- -- 4.4.3.; title: Questions about slaughtering and food -- -- 4.4.4.; title: Adam's offspring and sacrifice as a test -- -- 4.4.5.; title: Mortality and sacrifice, fire and sacrifice -- -- 4.4.6.; title: Al-Tabari's version of the biblical narrative about Qabil and Habil -- -- 4.4.7.; title: Sacrifice and charity according to Islamic tradition -- -- ch. 5; title: The Sacrifice of Ibrahim -- -- 5.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 5.2.; title: Al-Ya'qubi -- -- 5.3.; title: Al-Tabari -- -- 5.3.1.; title: Ibrahim -- -- 5.3.2.; title: Ibrahim and his family in Mecca -- -- 5.3.3.; title: Son of the two sacrifices -- versions by al-Tabari and al-Shahrastani -- -- 5.3.4.; title: The near sacrifice of Ibrahim's son -- -- 5.3.4.1.; title: Version A -- -- 5.3.4.2.; title: Version B -- -- 5.3.4.3.; title: Version C -- -- 5.3.4.4.; title: Version D -- -- 5.3.4.5.; title: An interlude -- -- 5.3.4.6.; title: Version E, a poetic version -- -- 5.3.4.7.; title: Version F -- -- 5.4.; title: Al-Kisai's and al-Tha'labi's versions -- some notes -- -- ch. 6; title: 'Abd al-Muttalib's Sacrifice -- -- 6.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 6.2.; title: Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Hisham -- -- 6.3.; title: Al-Tabari: Ta'rikh -- -- 6.3.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 6.3.2.; title: The first version -- -- 6.3.3.; title: An interlude -- -- 6.3.4.; title: The second version -- -- 6.3.5.; title: Comparison and comments -- -- 6.3.6.; title: The narratives' participants -- -- 6.3.6.1.; title: God, gods and goddesses -- -- 6.3.6.2.; title: The father -- -- 6.3.6.3.; title: The sons and the youngest one -- -- 6.3.6.4.; title: The Quraysh and other tribes -- -- 6.3.6.5.; title: The custodian and the oracle -- -- 6.3.6.6.; title: The two women -- -- 6.3.6.7.; title: The camels -- -- 6.3.7.; title: Vows and oaths -- -- 6.3.8.; title: The place -- -- 6.3.9.; title: Words used for sacrifice and offerings -- -- 6.3.10.; title: Are two or more traditions combined? -- -- 6.3.11.; title: The conclusion, radiance and prophets -- -- 6.4.; title: Ai-Shahrastani -- -- 6.5.; title: Ibn Kathir -- -- ch. 7; title: Sacrifices during Muhammad's Pilgrimages -- -- 7.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 7.2.; title: Slaughterings associated with the Hudaybiya treaty in the year 6/628, 'umrat al-Qudiyya in the year 7/629 and 'umrat al-Ji'irrana in 8/630 -- -- 7.2.1.; title: Ibn Ishaq and al-Tabari -- -- 7.2.2.; title: Al-Waqidi and Ibn Kathir -- -- 7.3.; title: Abu Bakr's hajj in the year 9/631 -- -- 7.3.1.; title: Ibn Ishaq -- -- 7.3.2.; title: Al-Waqidi -- -- 7.3.3.; title: Ibn Kathir -- -- 7.4.; title: Hajjat al-wada' in the year 10/632 -- -- 7.4.1.; title: Ibn Ishaq -- -- 7.4.2.; title: Al-Waqidi with some references to Ibn Sa'd, al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir -- -- 7.5.; title: Some comments on the sacrificial rituals practised during the six last years of the Prophet -- -- ch. 8; title: Prescriptive Views on Sacrifice -- -- 8.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 8.2.; title: Slaughtering of animals -- -- 8.3.; title: 'aqiqa -- -- 8.4.; title: Slaughtering of animals during hajj and 'ld al-adha -- -- 8.4.1.; title: Introduction -- -- 8.4.2.; title: Game (sayd) -- -- 8.4.3.; title: Sacrificial animals -- -- 8.4.4.; title: Do all animals have the same sacrificial value? -- -- 8.5.; title: The division and storage of meat -- -- 8.6.; title: The proper place for sacrifice -- -- 8.7.; title: The pilgrim and the pilgrimage -- -- 8.7.1.; title: Limitations, and a substitute for transgressions while in ihram -- -- 8.7.2.; title: Prevention from fulfilling the hajj (ihsar) -- -- 8.8.; title: Vows and substitutes -- -- 8.9.; title: Time and order -- -- ch. 9; title: Islamic Sacrifice and Ultimate Sacred Postulates -- -- 9.1.; title: Islamic sacrifice and ritual orders, self-referential and canonical messages -- -- 9.2.; title: Sacrifice, ritual and efficacy in communication -- -- 9.3.; title: The sacrifier and the sacrificer -- -- 9.4.; title: Sanctified expressions -- -- 9.5.; title: Ultimate Sacred Concern and Postulates -- -- 9.6.; title: Community and communion -- -- 9.7.; title: Hierarchy, simultaneity and Muhammad's role -- -- 9.8.; title: Rituals make the human being human; the ritual of hajj, including sacrifice, confirms the Muslim as a Muslim -- -- 9.9.; title: The sacred place -- -- 9.10.; title: Partial or complete sanctification? -- -- 9.11.; title: The obedient believer -- -- 9.12.; title: Muhammad's authority and example; he is the son of the two sacrifices -- -- 9.13.; title: When is the proper time for Islamic rituals? -- -- 9.14.; title: Substance of sacrifice in Islam -- a critical assessment --; title: Bibliography -- -- 1.; title: Sources -- -- 1.1.; title: The Qur'an -- -- 1.2.; title: Other Source Texts.