In Bitterness and in Tears
Subtitle: Andrew Jackson's Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles
Publisher: Praeger Publishers; Praeger
Published: June 30, 2003
Language: eng
Format: Hardcover
Number of pages: 288
ISBN-13: 9780275979461
Subjects: History; History - U.S.; History: American; USA; Military - General; Native American; United States - 19th Century; History / Military / General; Jackson, Andrew; Relations with Seminole Indians; 1767-1845; 1789-1869; 1815-1875; Government relations; Indians of North America; Jackson, Andrew,; Relations with Creek Indians; Relations with Seminole Indian; Wars
Description: "The seldom-recalled Creek War of 1813-1814 and its extension, the First Seminole War of 1818, had significant consequences for the growth of the United States. Beginning as a civil war between Muscogee factions, the struggle escalated into a war between the Muscogees and the United States after insurgent Red Sticks massacred over 250 whites and mixed-bloods at Fort Mims on the Alabama River on August 30, 1813 - the worst frontier massacre in U.S. history. After seven months of bloody fighting, U.S. forces inflicted a devastating defeat on the Red Sticks at Horseshoe Bend on the Tallapoosa River on March 27, 1814 - the most disastrous defeat ever suffered by Native Americans." "The defeat of the Muscogees (Creeks), the only serious impediments to U.S. westward expansion, opened millions of acres of land to the white settlers and firmly established the Cotton Kingdom and slavery in the Deep South. For southeastern Native Americans, the war resulted in the destruction of their civilization and forced removal west of the Mississippi: The Trail of Tears. O'Brien presents both the American and Native American perspectives of this important chapter of U.S. history. He also examines the roles of the neighboring tribes and African Americans who lived in the Muscogee nation."--Jacket.