Elementary Course of Christian Philosophy
Subtitle: Based on the Principles of the Best Scholastic Authors
By: adapted from the French of Brother Louis of Poissy by the Brothers of the Christian Schools.
Edition: 2d ed., rev.
Publisher: P. O'Shea
Published: 1893
Place of publication: New York
Language: eng
Number of pages: 538
Subjects: Philosophy and religion.; Philosophy.
Table of contents: title: TABLE OF CONTENTS.; title: Brief of His Holiness, Pope Pius IX., v; title: Approbation of the Bishop of Montpellier, vii; title: Translator's Preface, ix; title: Preface, xi; title: Works to Consult, xvi; title: INTRODUCTORY.; title: Definition of Philosophy. — Its Excellence, Utility, and Division, xxix; title: RATIONAL PHILOSOPHY.; title: Its Division, 1; title: LOGIC.; title: Definition of Logic. — Its Utility. — Its Division, 1; title: PART FIRST. — DIALECTICS.; title: Reasoning and Its Constituent Elements, 3; title: CHAPTER I. — SIMPLE APPREHENSION.; title: Article I. — Nature of Simple Apprehension, 3; title: " II. — Ideas and Oral Terms, 4; title: " III. — Division of Terms, 5; title: " IV. — Universals, 8; title: " V. — Predicaments or Categories, 10; title: " VI. — Properties of Terms in a Proposition, 12; title: " VII. — Means to Insure Propriety of Terms. — Definition, 15; title: " VIII. — Division, 16; title: CHAPTER II — JUDGMENT.; title: Article I. — Nature of Judgment, 18; title: " II. — The Proposition and Its Elements, 19; title: " III. — Division of Propositions, 21; title: " IV. — Properties of Propositions, 25; title: CHAPTER III. — REASONING.; title: Article I. — Definition and Elements of Reasoning, 80; title: " II. — Division of Reasoning, 31; title: " III. — Categorical Syllogisms and Their Rules, 32; title: " IV. — Modes and Figures of the Syllogism, 35; title: " V. — Hypothetical Syllogisms and Their Rules, 38; title: " VI. — Abridged and Compound Syllogisms, or Enthymeme, Prosyllogism, Epichirema, Sorites, and Dilemma, 40; title: " VII. — Induction, 42; title: " VIII. — Probable or Dialectic Syllogism, 44; title: " IX. — Sophistical Syllogism, 45; title: " X. — Utility of the Syllogism, 48; title: PART SECOND. — TRUTH AND SCIENCE.; title: CHAPTER I. — TRUTH AND THE DIFFERENT STATES OF THE INTELLECT IN RESPECT TO IT.; title: Article I. — Truth, 49; title: " II. — In what Operation of the Intellect Logical Truth is Found, 50; title: " III. — Different States of the Intellect in respect to Truth, 51; title: " IV. — Ignorance, Error, and Their Causes, 54; title: CHAPTER II. — DEMONSTRATION, 57; title: CHAPTER III. — SCIENCE. — DIVISION OF SCIENCE. — CLASSIFICATION OF THE SCIENCES, 60; title: PART THIRD. — METHODOLOGY.; title: CHAPTER I. — METHOD IN GENERAL AND ITS LAWS.; title: Article I. — Method, 68; title: " II. — Analysis and Synthesis, 64; title: CHAPTER II. — DIFFERENT KINDS OF METHOD AND THEIR LAWS.; title: Article I. — Different Kinds of Method, 66; title: " II. — Special Laws of Each Method, 67; title: CHAPTER III. — PROCESSES PROPER TO CERTAIN METHODS.; title: Article I. — Hypothesis, 69; title: " II. — Experimentation, 70; title: " III. — Classification, 78; title: IDEOLOGY.; title: GENERAL IDEOLOGY.; title: CHAPTER I. — IDEAS IN GENERAL.; title: Article I. — Nature of Ideas, 75; title: " II. — Characteristics of Ideas, 77; title: CHAPTER II. — SYSTEMS CONCERNING THE ORIGIN OF IDEAS.; title: Article I. — Principal Systems concerning the Origin of Ideas, 78; title: " II. — Sensism, 78; title: " III. — Critique, or Transcendentalism, 81; title: " IV. — The System of Innate Ideas, 82; title: " V. — Ontologism, 84; title: " VI. — Intermediarism .86; title: " VII. — Traditionalism, 87; title: " VIII. — The Scholastic System, 89; title: CHAPTER III. — UNIVERSALS.; title: Article I. — Nature of Universals, 94; title: " II. — Different Opinions on the Nature of Universals, 96; title: SPECIAL IDEOLOGY.; title: CHAPTER I. — HOW HUMAN KNOWLEDGE IS ACQUIRED.; title: Article I. — The First Operation of Intellect and the Perception of Essences, 99; title: Article II. — How the Intellect Knows Individual Bodies, 102; title: " III. — The Soul's Knowledge of Itself, 104; title: " IV. — How the Human Soul Knows God, 104; title: " V. — Necessity of Sensible Images for Intellection in Our Present Life, 107; title: CHAPTER II. — KNOWLEDGE OF FIRST PRINCIPLES.; title: Article I. — Nature of Principles of Knowledge, 109; title: " II. — The Principle of Contradiction, 110; title: " III. — The Principle of Causality, 111; title: CHAPTER III. — LANGUAGE IN RELATION TO THE ACQUISITION OF KNOWLEDGE.; title: Article I. — Utility of Language in Developing the Mind, 114; title: " II. — Origin of Language, 115; title: CRITERIOLOGY ; OR, THE MOTIVES OF CERTITUDE.; title: CHAPTER I. — THE MENTAL FACULTIES AS MEANS OF ATTAINING TRUTH.; title: Article I. — The Cognitive Faculties, 117; title: " II. — The Veracity of the Senses, 118; title: " III. — The Veracity of Consciousness, 119; title: " IV. — The Veracity of Intellect and Reason, 120; title: CHAPTER II. — SCEPTICISM.; title: Article I. — Nature of Scepticism. — Its Different Kinds, 123; title: " II. — Refutation of Scepticism, 124; title: CHAPTER III. — THE ULTIMATE CRITERION OF CERTITUDE.; title: Article I. — What is meant by the Ultimate Criterion of Certitude, 126; title: " II. — The Intrinsic Principle of Certitude, 126; title: " III. — The Extrinsic Principle of Certitude, 130; title: " IV. — Means by which Testimony is Transmitted, 132; title: " V. — Authority of Common Sense and of the Learned, 135; title: " VI. — Importance of Authority as a Criterion of Certitude, 137; title: REAL PHILOSOPHY; OR, METAPHYSICS.; title: Definition of Metaphysics. — Its Utility and Division, 139; title: GENERAL METAPHYSICS ; OR, ONTOLOGY.; title: Definition and Division of General Metaphysics, 141; title: BEING AND ITS PROPERTIES.; title: CHAPTER I. — IDEA AND ANALOGY OF BEING.; title: Article I. — Idea of Being, 141; title: " II. — Analogy of Being, 142; title: CHAPTER II. — THE TRANSCENDENTALS.; title: Article I. — Number of Transcendentals, 144; title: " II. — Unity, 144; title: " III. — Truth, 150; title: " IV. — Goodness 151; title: " V. — Beauty. — Sublimity. — Gracefulness, 156; title: PRINCIPLES AND CAUSES OF BEING, 161; title: CHAPTER I. — METAPHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF BEING.; title: Article I. — Potentiality and Actuality; or, Power and Act, 162; title: " II. — Essence and Existence, 167; title: CHAPTER II. — CAUSES OF BEING.; title: Article I. — Division of Causes, 169; title: " II. — Material Cause and Specific Formal Cause, 170; title: " III. — Exemplar or Ideal Cause, 170; title: " IV. — Efficient Cause, 171; title: " V. — Final Cause, 179; title: DIVISION OF BEING, 184; title: CHAPTER I. — REAL BEING AND LOGICAL BEING.; title: CHAPTER II. — UNCREATED OR INFINITE BEING AND CREATED OR FINITE BEING.; title: Finite Being, 187; title: CHAPTER III. — SUBSTANCE AND ACCIDENT.; title: Article I. — Nature of Substance and Accident, 189; title: " II. — Different Kinds of Substance, 192; title: " III. — Subsistence, Supposit, and Person, 192; title: " IV. — Accidents. — Quantity, 194; title: " V. — Relation, 196; title: " VI. — Quality, 199; title: " VII. — Action, Passion, Time, and Place, 201; title: SPECIAL METAPHYSICS.; title: Its Division, 205; title: COSMOLOGY, 205; title: CHAPTER I. — THE WORLD IN GENERAL.; title: Article I. — Origin of the World, 206; title: " II. — Perfection of the World, 208; title: " III. — Order of the Universe, 211; title: CHAPTER II. — THE WORLD IN RELATION TO NON-LIVING OR INORGANIC BODIES.; title: Article I. — Primitive Elements of Bodies, 214; title: " II. — Properties of Matter and Form, 218; title: " III. — The Natural Composite, 222; title: " IV. — Substantial Changes of Bodies, or Generation and Corruption, 224; title: " V. — Properties of Bodies, 225; title: " VI. — Space and Time, 228; title: CHAPTER III. — THE WORLD : LIVING BODIES.; title: Article I. — Life in general, 232; title: " II. — The Soul, or Life-Principle of Living Composites, 234; title: " III. — The Bodies of Living Composites, 240; title: " IV. — Vegetative Life, or the Life of Plants, 242; title: " V. — Sensitive Life, or the Life of Animals, 243; title: PSYCHOLOGY ; OR, ANTHROPOLOGY, 249; title: CHAPTER I. — THE HUMAN SOUL AND ITS FACULTIES.; title: Article I. — Faculties of the Human Soul 250; title: " II. — The Cognitive Sensitive Faculties. — Sensibility in general, 251; title: " III. — External Sensibility in general, 258; title: " IV. — The External Senses in particular, 263; title: " V. — Internal Senses 264; title: " VI. — The Appetitive Faculties. — Sensitive Appetite, 273; title: " VII. — The Intellective Faculties. — The Intellect, 275; title: " VIII. — Consciousness, 282; title: " IX. — Attention and Reflection, 284; title: " X. — The Principal Functions of the Intellect. — Judment, 285; title: " XI. — Speculative Intellect and Practical Intellect, 287; title: " XII. — Reason, 287; title: " XIII. — Intellective Memory, 288; title: " XIV. — Intellective Appetite, or Will, 290; title: " XV. — Freedom, 291; title: " XVI. — Relations of the Will to the Other Faculties of the Soul, 297; title: " XVII. — Habit, 299; title: APPENDIX.; title: Sleep and Insanity, 302; title: CHAPTER II. — THE HUMAN SOUL CONSIDERED IN ITSELF.; title: Article I. — Origin of the Human Soul, 305; title: " II. — Spirituality of the Human Soul, 306; title: " III. — Immortality of the Human Soul, 311; title: CHAPTER III. — THE HUMAN SOUL IN RELATION TO ITS BODY.; title: Article I. — Union of Soul and Body, 315; title: " II. — Unity of Human Sonl as Substantial Form of the Body, 319; title: Article III. — Seat or Locus of the Soul, 323; title: " IV. — The Resurrection of the Body, 324; title: NATURAL THEOLOGY.; title: DEFINITION AND DIVISION.; title: CHAPTER I. — EXISTENCE AND UNITY OF GOD.; title: Article I. — Proofs of the Existence of God, 327; title: " II. — Atheism, 331; title: " III. — Unity of God, 332; title: " IV. — Dualism, 333; title: CHAPTER II. — ATTRIBUTES OF GOD IN GENERAL.; title: ABSOLUTE ATTRIBUTES.; title: Article I. — Attributes of God in general, 335; title: " II. — Absolute Attributes of God. — Aseity, 337; title: " III. — Infinity, Eternity, Immutability, Simplicity, and Immensity, 338; title: " IV. — The Divine Intelligence, 339; title: " V. — The Divine Will 341; title: " VI. — The Divine Power,  342; title: CHAPTER III. — RELATIVE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD.; title: Article I. — God the Creator, 347; title: " II. — Pantheism, 350; title: " III. — God the Preserver, 355; title: " IV. — The Divine Concurrence with the Actions of Creatures, 358; title: " V. — Omnipresence of God, 359; title: " VI. — Providence of God, 360; title: MORAL PHILOSOPHY.; title: Definition of Moral Philosophy. — Character of the Science. — Its Excellence, Method, and Division, 367; title: ETHICS.; title: DIVISION.; title: CHAPTER I. — THE END OF HUMAN ACTIONS.; title: Article I. — Good in general as the End of Every Being, and the First Principle of Its Operations, 370; title: " II. — The Supreme Good as the Last End of Man, 373; title: " III. — The Supreme Good in relation to Man's Life upon Earth, 376; title: CHAPTER II. — SUBJECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN ACTIONS.; title: Article I. — The Faculty by which Human Actions are Elicited, 378; title: " II. — The Passions, 382; title: " III. — Virtues and Vices, 385; title: CHAPTER III. — MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTIONS.; title: I. — On what the Morality of Human Actions Depends, 388; title: II. — Constituent Principles of the Morality of Human Actions, 391; title: III. — Imputability, 393; title: IV. — Merit and Demerit, 394; title: CHAPTER IV. — LAW, THE RULE OF HUMAN ACTIONS.; title: Article I. — Moral Duty, 396; title: " II. — Right, 399; title: " III. — Law in general, 402; title: " IV. — The Eternal Law, 404; title: " V. — The Natural Law of Conscience, 404; title: " VI. — Sanction of Moral Law, 407; title: " VII. — The First Precept of the Natural Law, 410; title: " VIII. — False Systems of Morality as Derived from Their First Moral Precept, 411; title: " IX. — Conscience, 415; title: NATURAL LAW, 418; title: PART I. — INDIVIDUAL LAW.; title: CHAPTER I. — MAN'S DUTIES TO GOD, 419; title: CHAPTER II. — MAN'S DUTIES TO HIMSELF.; title: Article I. — The Foundation of Man's Duties to Himself, 425; title: " II. — Man's Duties to His Soul, 425; title: " III. — Man's Duties to His Body, 427; title: CHAPTER III. — MAN'S DUTIES TO HIS FELLOW-MEN.; title: Article I. — Love of One's Neighbor, 430; title: " II. — The Right of Self-Defence, and Duelling, 434; title: " III. — Rights and Duties in Relation to Social Good, 436; title: " IV. — Contracts, 446; title: PART II. — SOCIAL LAW, 450; title: CHAPTER I. — DOMESTIC SOCIETY.; title: Article I. — Nature of Marriage, 451; title: " II. — Unity and Indissolubility of Marriage, 453; title: " III. — Reciprocal Duties of Husband and Wife, 454; title: " IV. — Duties of Parents and Children, 455; title: " V. — Duties of Masters and Servants, 457; title: Chapter II. — Civil Society.; title: Article I. — Nature of Civil Society, 459; title: " II. — The Social State in Relation to Man, 459; title: " III. — The Primitive Fact that Reduces to Act the Natural Sociability of Man, 461; title: " IV. — End of Civil Society, 462; title: " V. — Elements of Civil Society, 463; title: " VI. — Nature of Civil Authority, 465; title: " VII. — Origin of Civil Authority, 466; title: " VIII. — Diverse Polities, 468; title: " IX. — Manner of Transmitting Supreme Power, 470; title: " X. — Exercise of Supreme Power, 471; title: " XI. — Duties of the Ruler and His Subjects, 476; title: PART III. — THE COMMON LAW OF NATIONS.; title: Chapter I. — Natural Relations existing between Different Nations, 478; title: CHAPTER II. — PEACEFUL RELATIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT NATIONS.; title: Article I. — The Duties Prescribed by the Love of One Nation for Another, 480; title: " II. — Commerce, 480; title: " III. — Treaties and the Right of Embassy, 481; title: CHAPTER III. — WAR.; title: Article I. — Nature and Justice of War, 483; title: " II. — Duties during and after War, 484; title: CHAPTER IV. — THE SOCIETY OF NATIONS, 486; title: APPENDIX ON RELIGIOUS SOCIETY.; title: Article I. — Nature and Organization of the Church, 488; title: " II. — Rights of the Church, 490; title: " III. — Mutual Relations of Church and State, 492; title: " IV. — Relations between the Church and International Society, 493; title: III. STORY OF PHILOSOPHY, 495; title: ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY.; title: Oriental Philosophy, 498; title: First Period of Ancient Philosophy, 499; title: Second Period of Ancient Philosophy, 503; title: Third Period of Ancient Philosophy,; title: MEDIAEVAL PHILOSOPHY.; title: First Period, 505; title: Second Period,; title: 1. Arabian Philosophy, 505; title: 2. The Philosophy of the Schools before St. Thomas, 507; title: 3. Apogee of the Scholastic Philosophy, 510; title: Third Period.; title: Decline of Scholastic Philosophy, 512; title: MODERN PHILOSOPHY.; title: First Period. 1. Epoch of Transition, 514; title: Second Period. 2. Philosophy of Bacon, Descartes, and Leibnitz, 515; title: 3. The Schools of Bacon, Descartes, and Leibnitz, 518; title: 4. The Scotch School and the German School, 520; title: 5. Present Schools in France, 522; title: 6. Philosophy in England and America, 523; title: INDEX OF SUBJECTS, 525; title: INDEX OF AUTHORS REFERRED TO, 536