Artificial Intelligence: Short History, Present Developments, and Future Outlook
Subtitle: Final Report
Publisher: McKinsey Global Institute
Published: 2019
Language: eng
Format: Ebook
Number of pages: 135
Copyright date: 2019
Table of contents: title: Preface ................................................................................................................................... 2; title: Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ 4; title: Artificial Intelligence Study Motivation (D. Martinez) ............................................................. 8; title: 1 History of Artificial Intelligence and Trends (D. Martinez) ............................................... 13; title: 1.1 Notable Events in AI During the Last Seven Decades .................................................................. 13; title: 1.2 AI Global Trends .......................................................................................................................... 18; title: 2 Lay-of-the-Land (D. Martinez) ......................................................................................... 23; title: 2.1 Study Outreach ........................................................................................................................... 23; title: 2.2 AI Canonical Architecture ............................................................................................................ 26; title: 2.3 High-Level Description of Subsystem Components in the AI Canonical Architecture ................. 29; title: 3 Enabling Technologies (V. Gadepally) ............................................................................. 35; title: 3.2 Data Conditioning ....................................................................................................................... 38; title: 3.3 Algorithms ................................................................................................................................... 46; title: 3.4 Computing ................................................................................................................................... 56; title: 3.5 Robust Artificial Intelligence ....................................................................................................... 62; title: 3.6 Human-Machine Teaming ........................................................................................................... 66; title: 3.7 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 70; title: 3.8 References ................................................................................................................................... 70; title: 4 AI Applied to Human Language Technology (N. Malyska) ............................................... 75; title: 4.1 Background ................................................................................................................................. 75; title: 4.2 Early Work to Recent Developments in AI .................................................................................. 75; title: 4.3 Technology Landscape and Representative Capabilities ............................................................. 76; title: 4.4 Global Trends Transforming AI for HLT ....................................................................................... 79; title: 4.5 Academic, Commercial, and DoD/IC/LE Roles in AI Systems ...................................................... 80; title: 4.6 Key Findings in the Application of AI to HLT ................................................................................ 81; title: 4.7 Recommendations and Way Forward ......................................................................................... 87; title: 5 AI Applied to Cyber Security (B. Streilein) ....................................................................... 92; title: 5.1 Cyber Background ....................................................................................................................... 93; title: 5.2 Representative Capabilities and Technologies ............................................................................ 99; title: 5.3 Key Findings in the Application of AI to Cyber Security ............................................................ 103; title: Contents; title: 5.4 Recommendations and Way Forward ....................................................................................... 110; title: 6 Future Outlook (D. Martinez) ....................................................................................... 117; title: 6.1 Three Horizons for AI S&T Investments .................................................................................... 117; title: 6.2 Investment Recommendations ................................................................................................. 120; title: 6.3 Transitioning AI Capabilities to Users ........................................................................................ 127; title: 7 Appendix A: AI Literature Update ................................................................................. 132; title: 8 Appendix B: Additional Readings, Conferences, and Other Venues ............................... 133; title: 8.1 Additional Readings ................................................................................................................... 133; title: 8.2 Conferences and Other Venues ................................................................................................ 134; title: 9 Appendix C: Glossary .................................................................................................... 135