Helwan IV
Subtitle: excavations in Operation 4, Tombs 51-100
By: E. Christiana Köhler ; with cxntributions by Christine Marshall, Adel M.A. Ali, Herbert Böhm and Mona Abd el-Karem
Contributors: Marshall, Christine; Ali, Adel M. A.; Böhm, Herbert; Abd El Karem, Mona
Series: Studien zur Archäologie und Geschichte Altägyptens -- 28; Studien zur Archäologie und Geschichte Altägyptens -- 28.
Publisher: VML Verlag Marie Leidorf
Published: 2017
Place of publication: Rahden/Westfalen
Language: eng
Number of pages: 407
ISBN-13: 9783867579735
Subjects: Excavations (Archaeology); Catalogs; Antiquities; Tombs
Description: The volume presents graves 51 to 100 of the 218 graves hitherto documented at Helwan-Operation 4, which forms part of a large necropolis of more than 10,000 graves south of Cairo and was excavated by the Universities of Sydney and later Vienna in 1997-2012. Separate chapters deal with the remains of 50 individuals from 47 graves, nearly 15,000 pottery fragments, other small finds, animal bones, and - for the first time and starting with grave 1 - all botanical residues. The book ends with a comprehensive catalogue of the graves including all features and some 900 small finds. The grave group presented here comprises a considerable number of well preserved small graves and six particularly large graves of phase Naqada III D [dynasty 2] which produced good depositional data including funeral and ritual procedures, although all graves had [even repeatedly] been disturbed in antiquity. Two early pet graves were remarkable, too. The botanical remains illustrate a preference for coffins made of acacia and cedar and a surprisingly wide variety of species, particularly in beer and wine jars. Additionally, there was evidence for the use, reuse, and alteration of space in the cemetery.
Notes: Includes bibliographical references.