Ancient lavas in Shenandoah National Park near Luray, Virginia
By: by John C. Reed, Jr.
Series: Geological Survey bulletin 1265; Geological Survey bulletin ;; 1265.
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.
Published: 1969
Place of publication: [Washington
Language: eng
Number of pages: 43
Subjects: Lava -- Virginia -- Luray region.
Other titles: Shenandoah National Park.
Description: "A description of the volcanic rocks of the upper Precambrian(?) Catoctin Formation and a discussion of their environment and mode of eruption."

In the Blue Ridge Province of northern Virginia, Maryland, and southern Pennsylvania, Lower Cambrian beds are underlain by a thick sequence of greenstone and interbedded sedimentary rocks known as the Catoctin Formation. An area near Luray, Va., was studied to determine the thickness of the formation, its relationship to overlying and underlying rocks, and the original nature of the lavas from which the Catoctin greenstone was derived. There the Catoctin Formation lies unconformably on granitic rocks. Its basal sedimentary layer ranges from a few inches to 150 feet in thickness and contains pebbles of underlying basement rocks. The erosion surface beneath the Catoctin is irregular, and in several places, hills as much as 1,000 feet high were buried beneath the Catoctin lavas. No important time break is indicated between the deposition of the Catoctin Formation and the overlying Cambrian sediments. The original Catoctin lavas were basaltic and were probably normal plateau basalts. Columnar joints, amygdules, sedimentary dikes, flow breccias, low-dipping primary joints, and other primary structures are well preserved.
Notes: Bibliography: p. 42-43.