Enhancing Urban Safety and Security
Subtitle: Global Report on Human Settlements 2007
Publisher: Earthscan Publications Ltd.
Published: October 2007
Place of publication: London
Language: eng
Format: Paperback
Number of pages: 480
ISBN-13: 9781844074792
Subjects: Urban & municipal planning; Urban communities; Law; Legal Reference / Law Profession; Developing Countries; Housing & Urban Development; Public Policy - City Planning & Urban Dev.; Social Science / Third World Development; Eviction; Housing policy; Urban policy
Table of contents: title: Current threats to urban safety and security. Urban safety and security: a human security perspective -- The urban context: geography of risk and vulnerability -- Crime and violence -- Tenure insecurity and forced eviction -- Natural and human-made disasters -- The challenge of improving understanding: perception, evidence and methodology -- Concluding remarks -- Vulnerability, risk and resilience: towards a conceptual framework. Vulnerability and related concepts -- Risk factors at different levels of analysis -- Forms of interdependence -- Pathways to resilience -- Concluding remarks: The role of urban design, planning and governance in enhancing urban safety and security -- Urban crime and violence: conditions and trends -- Analytical frameworks for the chapter -- The incidence and variability of crime and violence -- Factors underlying crime and violence -- Impacts of crime and violence -- Concluding remarks -- Urban crime and violence: policy responses. Levels of responses -- The significance of stages of development -- Urban governance structures and processes -- Types of policy response to problems of crime and violence -- Institutional and community responses -- Partnerships -- Concluding remarks -- Security of tenure: conditions and trends. Types of tenure -- What is security of tenure? -- Scale and impacts of tenure insecurity -- Scale and impacts of evictions -- Groups particularly vulnerable to tenure insecurity -- Security of tenure in the aftermath of disasters and armed conflict -- The growing acceptance of the “informal city” -- Concluding remarks -- Policy responses to tenure insecurity. Upgrading and regularization -- Titling and legalization -- Land administration and registration -- Legal protection from forced eviction -- Addressing violations of security tenure rights -- Civil society responses to security of tenure and forced evictions -- Response of international organizations to tenure insecurity and forced evictions -- Security of tenure and human rights: examples from South Africa, Brazil and India -- Concluding remarks -- Disaster risk: conditions, trends and impacts. Disaster terminology -- The scale of disasters -- Urbanization and disaster risk -- Incidence of natural and human-made disasters -- Disaster impacts -- Urban processes generating disaster risk -- Comparative analysis of global trends -- Concluding remarks -- Policy responses to disaster risk. Disaster risk assessment -- Strengthening local disaster resilience -- Land use planning -- Building codes, regulation and disaster resistant construction -- Planning to protect critical infrastructure and services -- Early warning -- Financing urban risk management -- Disaster response and reconstruction -- Concluding remarks -- Small-scale hazards: the case of road traffic accidents. Incidence and impacts of road traffic accidents -- Vulnerability and causes of road traffic accidents -- Urbanization and traffic accidents -- Preventing and mitigating loss from traffic accidents -- International cooperation in road safety promotion -- Concluding remarks -- Reducing urban crime and violence. Scope for the continuing development of key policy responses -- Emerging policy trends -- The challenges of implementation -- Implications for the UN-Habitat Safer Cities Programme -- Concluding remarks: ways forward -- Enhancing tenure security and ending forced evictions. A human rights / human security approach to security of tenure -- The need for innovative approaches to tenure -- Combating homelessness and protecting the rights of homeless people -- Supporting the vital role of local government -- Strengthening and clarifying the human rights obligations of non-state actors -- Concluding remarks: Recommendations for future action -- International frameworks for action. Risk reduction through land-use planning -- Designing disaster-resistant buildings and infrastructure -- Strengthening early warning systems -- Improving emergency response and reconstruction -- The role of participatory and inclusive strategies and policies -- Concluding remarks -- The human security perspective -- Crime and violence -- -- Security of tenure and forced evictions -- Natural and man-made disasters -- Explanation of symbols -- Country groupings and statistical aggregates -- Nomenclature and order of presentation -- Definition of statistical terms -- Regional aggregates -- Country-level data -- City-level data.