The Slavs
Subtitle: A Cultural and Historical Survey of the Slavonic Peoples.
Publisher: HarperCollins
Published: June 1969
Format: Hardcover
ISBN-13: 9780060133993
Subjects: Slavs
Table of contents: title: INTRODUCTION:  THE ESSENTIAL BACKGROUND … 1; title: ◦; title: The Slavs Are Europeans … 3; title: Linguistic and Religious Diversity … 3; title: Dependence and Independence … 6; title: A Common Interest:  Opposition to the Turks	 … 8; title: Danger from Germany and Austria … 9; title: Dubious Collective Spirit … 10; title: Strength of Foreign Traditions and Influences … 11; title: ‘National’ Civilizations … 13; title: Some Over-Simplifications Corrected … 14; title: Parallelism, Not Congruence … 15; title: The Case of Russia … 16; title: Nationalism in Ferment:  Pan-Slavism … 18; title: What Nationalism Divided, Socialism Must Unite … 19; title: Origins of the Slavs … 21; title: The Lusatian Civilization and Poland … 25; title: ◦; title: BOOK I. FROM ‘RUS’ TO RUSSIA (8th–15th CENTURIES); title: ◦; title: 1. THE EAST SLAVS … 29; title: ◦; title: I. The First Russian State … 29; title: ◦; title: Obscure Beginnings:  the Age of the Primitive Community … 29; title: — The first Russian State; A Significant Controversy … 32; title: Russia as Kiev (9th–13th Centuries) … 34; title: — Achievements of the Scandinavian Princes … 34; title: — Political  Dis¬cord, Unified Civilization, Linguistic Divergences … 35; title: — Kiev and the Outside World … 37; title: — Byzantium and Kiev. Conversion to Christianity … 38; title: — Kiev, Western Europe and Rome … 40; title: Kiev’s Economy – Traditional Agriculture and Its Long Career … 41; title: — Landlord and Peasant … 42; title: — The Towns … 42; title: — Caravan Routes to Byzantium … 44; title: — The Origins of Serfdom … 44; title: — A Golden Age? … 45; title: Signposts of a Civilization and Its Culture … 45; title: — Conscious National Spirit … 46; title: — Contrasts and Continuity … 47; title: ◦; title: II. Peace Under the Mongols …48; title: ◦; title: Novgorod: A Free Commercial City … 48; title: The Rise of the Second Russian State	 … 51; title: — Mongols and Russians … 52; title: — Russians versus Poles in Lithuania … 54; title: — The Emergence of Moscow … 55; title: — Danger from Lithuania Repulsed … 56; title: The Rise of Moscow	57; title: — A Society on the Move. Internal Colonization … 58; title: — Freedom and the Peasantry … 59; title: — Russians and non-Russian Natives:  New Contacts … 60; title: — Rural Economy: Trade with the Outside World … 60; title: — Birth of the Rouble … 51; title: — Urban Liberties on the Wane … 61; title: — New Life in the Arts. Icon Painters: Theophanes and Rublev … 62; title: — Russia's Mesopotamia: A New Artistic Centre … 63; title: A Despotic State: The Great Reign of Ivan III … 66; title: — Decline of an Ancient Aristocracy; Rise of the New Men … 66; title: — Architecture for Monarchs … 68; title: ◦; title: 2. THE WEST SLAVS … 70; title: ◦; title: I. The Poles … 70; title: ◦; title: The Polish People … 70; title: Polish Agriculture … 72; title: Rural Government. Nobles and Peasants … 72; title: Towns under German Law … 74; title: Poland as a Baltic Power … 75; title: Russo-Polish Rivalry; and a Permanent Crusade … 76; title: Poland’s Latin Culture … 77; title: ◦; title: II. Czechs and Slovaks … 79; title: ◦; title: The Nation and the State … 79; title: The Czech Nation and the German Influx … 80; title: Bohemia's ‘Golden Age’ … 82; title: The Hussite Movement; Social and National Overtones … 85; title: Jan Hus: Patriot, Christian, Reformer … 85; title: The Hussite Wars … 86; title: An Extraordinary Experiment:  Tabor … 86; title: Defeat … 88; title: The Hussite Heritage … 88; title: ◦; title: 3. THE SOUTH SLAVS — FLEDGELING STATES AND THEIR VICISSITUDES … 90; title: ◦; title: Alphabets at War … 90; title: Religious Literature. Regional Dialects … 92; title: Bulgaria and the Bogomils … 93; title: Unobtrusive Nationality:  the Slovenes … 95; title: Political Durability:  Croatia … 96; title: ◦; title: BOOK TWO:  THE BALKANS IN TURKISH HANDS. RUSSIA: A CONTINENTAL EMPIRE (16th AND 17th CENTURIES); title: ◦; title: 4. THE SERBS ON THE CREST OF THE WAVE … 103; title: ◦; title: A Hardworking Peasant People … 103; title: Serbian Art … 105; title: Serbia's Independence Obliterated; the Turkish Conquest … 106; title: ◦; title: 5. FROM MOSCOW TO EURASIA … 108; title: ◦; title: I.  Expansion in Siberia:  The Russians on the Pacific … 108; title: ◦; title: Conquest in Siberia … 108; title: Russians and non-Russians … 110; title: Russian Siberia … 111; title: ◦; title: II. The Centralized Russian State … 112; title: ◦; title: Authoritarian Reforms … 112; title: Monarchical Compromise: A Brief Interlude … 113; title: From Feudal Supporter to State Servant … 114; title: Enforced Decline of the Trading Cities … 115; title: ◦; title: III. From Freedom to Serfdom … 116; title: ◦; title: Popular Revolts … 120; title: ◦; title: 6   FOUNDATIONS OF RUSSIA’S POWER … 123; title: ◦; title: I. A Mercantile Economy … 123; title: ◦; title: Slow Progress in Agriculture … 123; title: Urban Growth … 124; title: Moscow: Religion in the Life of a Great City … 125; title: How the People Lived … 126; title: The Upper Classes … 128; title: The Position of Women … 128; title: Economic Independence in Jeopardy; a Policy of Mercan¬tile Self-Defence … 129; title: A Plutocratic Class and Its Brief Political Power … 131; title: A Burgher Grandee:  the ‘Gost’ Nikitin … 131; title: ◦; title: II.  Intellectual Trends – National Culture … 133; title: ◦; title: Attachment to the Past … 133; title: Religious Trends. Frustrated Heresies … 133; title: National Culture … 135; title: Kiev’s Contribution … 137; title: Time-lag in the Sciences … 138; title: Birth of the Theatre … 138; title: ◦; title: III. The Church in the Seventeenth Century … 139; title: ◦; title: Power of the Church … 139; title: A Great Schism … 141; title: ◦; title: BOOK THREE:  MODERN STATES  (1700-1860); title: ◦; title: 7. THE DAWN OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA … 147; title: ◦; title: I. Novel Achievements and Objectives … 147; title: ◦; title: Creative Practicality:  Peter the Great … 147; title: The Reign of Bluff: Catherine II … 150; title: ◦; title: II. Broader Social and Economic Foundations … 152; title: ◦; title: Development of Trade and Transport … 152; title: The Century of Iron. A Great Industrial Region … 156; title: The Last Great Popular Revolt … 159; title: First Steps towards Industrial Capitalism … 160; title: Demography and Migration … 161; title: Villages and Towns … 163; title: The Beginnings of Deliberate Urban Development … 164; title: Urban Life … 166; title: ◦; title: III. An Age of Achievement – The Eighteenth Century … 166; title: ◦; title: Economic Thought … 169; title: Development of a National Spirit … 170; title: The Old and the New … 171; title: The Popular Arts at Their Best … 173; title: Noble and Official Art … 174; title: ◦; title: IV. Russian Society on the Eve of the Great Reforms … 177; title: ◦; title: The Church in State Harness … 178; title: The Nobles and the Nation … 179; title: Noblemen Wealthy and Needy … 182; title: The Troubled Conscience of the Nobles … 183; title: From ‘gosti’ to ‘bourgeois’ … 185; title: Origin of the Industrial Middle Class … 185; title: Paternalism and the Working Class … 188; title: Peasant Life:  Subjection and Hope … 189; title: Peasant Ways of Life … 192; title: ◦; title: V. Intellectual Trends – Literature and the Arts … 193; title: ◦; title: The University’s New Role … 193; title: Russia's Future Debated … 194; title: Russian Literary Greatness … 196; title: Before the Reforms … 196; title: National Music … 197; title: ◦; title: VI. The Turn Of The Century … 197; title: ◦; title: 8. FROM GREATNESS TO DECLINE – THE POLISH STATE … 198; title: ◦; title: I. From the ‘Golden Century’ to the Partitions … 198; title: ◦; title: Liberal Aristocratic Monarchism … 198; title: — Religious Toleration in Poland … 199; title: — The ‘Golden Century’ … 200; title: — Literature and Language:  Polish and Latin … 202; title: Rocks and Shoals … 203; title: — Poland Recaptured by Catholicism … 203; title: — Disaster Begins … 205; title: — Stagnation of the Nobility … 207; title: ◦; title: II. Death of a State, Survival of a Nation … 208; title: ◦; title: Facts and Conditions … 208; title: — Poverty of the People … 209; title: — Religious Differences … 210; title: — Inter¬play of Patriotism and Self-interest … 212; title: — Poland as ‘the Paradise of the Jews’? … 216; title: The Partitions … 216; title: — A Crowned philosophe: Stanislas Augustus … 217; title: — The Com¬mission of National Education … 219; title: — Cracow, the Home of Patriotism … 220; title: — Upsurge of National Literature. Committed Writers … 220; title: — The Epoch of the Reforms; Patriotism Resurgent … 221; title: — Insurrection of a People … 227; title: — Survival of a Nation … 229; title: ◦; title: 9. DEPENDENT AND SUBJECT NATIONS … 232; title: ◦; title: I. Decline of Bohemia … 232; title: ◦; title: A Czech Sovereign:  George of Podebrady … 232; title: Temporary Religious Peace … 232; title: The Nobles in Power … 233; title: The Reforma¬tion in Bohemia … 234; title: German and Catholic Pressure … 235; title: Brilliant Cultural Achievements … 236; title: The National Catastrophe … 237; title: The Slovaks and the Czechs … 239; title: The Age of Baroque … 239; title: Economic and Social Inequalities … 241; title: ◦; title: II. The South Slavs:  the Sleepy Balkans … 243; title: ◦; title: Partition by Ottoman Conquest … 243; title: Dubrovnik, a Gateway to the West … 243; title: The Slavs in the Holy Roman Empire … 244; title: Slav Unity and the Reformation … 244; title: The Slavs in the Ottoman Empire … 246; title: ◦; title: BOOK FOUR:  NATIONALISM AND THE SLAV PEOPLES  (1861-1917); title: ◦; title: 10. RUSSIA AT THE CROSSROADS – ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT … 251; title: ◦; title: I. Demography and the Onward Drive of Colonization … 251; title: ◦; title: Acquisition and Settlement of New Territories … 251; title: The Cossack Hosts … 255; title: ◦; title: II. The Effects of the Great Reforms … 258; title: ◦; title: Peasant Emancipation:  Dependence in a New Form … 258; title: Harder Times for the Peasants … 260; title: The Nobles and the Wind of Change … 262; title: Development of the Middle Classes … 263; title: ◦; title: III. A Delayed ‘Industrial Revolution’ … 264; title: ◦; title: On the Road to Capitalism. Uneven Development … 264; title: Monopolistic Tendencies … 270; title: Revival of the Manual Crafts … 273; title: ◦; title: IV. The Changing Social Structure … 274; title: ◦; title: A Two-way Process:  Decadence and Enrichment among the Nobility … 274; title: The Church’s Apparent Power … 276; title: Rise of the Industrial Middle Class … 279; title: The Self-made Man … 281; title: The Middle Class on the Threshold of Politics … 282; title: Growth of a Proletariat … 282; title: Urban Outcasts … 285; title: ◦; title: V. Progress in Education and the Sciences … 287; title: ◦; title: Universities and Schools … 287; title: Russian Contributions to Science … 289; title: Prominence of Women … 289; title: ◦; title: VI. The Arts and the Nation … 291; title: ◦; title: Half a Century of Great Literature … 291; title: Realistic Painting and Abstract Art … 296; title: Russian Music Conquers the World … 299; title: ◦; title: 11. RUSSIA AS A BOURGEOIS NATIONAL STATE … 301; title: ◦; title: I. The Capitals at the Turn of the Century … 301; title: ◦; title: II. From Autocracy to the Constitution … 305; title: ◦; title: Revolutionary Agitation … 305; title: — Slavophilism on the Defensive … 305; title: — Populism and Marxism … 306; title: — The Great Turning-Point:  1905 … 313; title: New Social Forces … 320; title: — A Rural ‘Third Estate’? … 320; title: — The Middle Classes on the Make … 323; title: ◦; title: III. Nationalism or Federalism? … 324; title: ◦; title: The Problem of the Nation and Its Nationalities … 324; title: A Special Case:  the Jews … 326; title: The Ukrainian Nation … 327; title: Another Centre of Ukrainian Nationalism … 330; title: The Travelling Theatre and Its Contribution … 330; title: ◦; title: IV. Before the Storm – a Summary of Russian Progress … 331; title: ◦; title: 12. VITALITY UNDAUNTED – POLAND 1815-1914 … 336; title: ◦; title: I. The Polish People:  Prolific, Unanimous, Divided … 336; title: ◦; title: The Kingdom of the Congress … 338; title: Romanticism and the Patriotic Upsurge … 340; title: The Insurrection of 1863 … 343; title: ◦; title: II. Three Confluent Destinies … 344; title: ◦; title: The Polish Diaspora … 344; title: The Training-Ground:  Galicia … 344; title: Resistance to Germanization … 345; title: Attempted Russification … 346; title: ◦; title: III. Hopes of Liberation … 347; title: ◦; title: 13. NATIONAL RENAISSANCE IN BOHEMIA-SLOVAKIA … 350; title: ◦; title: I. Preconditions of Revival	 … 350; title: ◦; title: The Czech State:  Fiction and Reality … 350; title: Economic and Social Conditions … 352; title: ◦; title: II. Recovering the Slav Heritage … 352; title: ◦; title: Role of the Intellectuals and Scholars … 352; title: Prague as the Mecca of the Slavs under the Empire … 355; title: From a People to a Nation:  Slovakia in Transition … 357; title: Czech Culture … 358; title: ◦; title: III. Premonitions of the Future … 360; title: ◦; title: The Germans in Recession … 360; title: Independence and Revolution … 362; title: Individuality of Slovakia … 363; title: ◦; title: 14. THE BALKANS HALFWAY TO LIBERATION … 364; title: ◦; title: I. The Northern Sector:  Vienna and Budapest … 364; title: ◦; title: Illyrianism: Decline and Fall of a Dream … 364; title: Croatian Literature … 365; title: Birth of a Nation: the Slovenes … 366; title: The Voivodina and the Rise of Serbia … 368; title: ◦; title: II. The Istanbul Sector … 369; title: ◦; title: Serbia’s Progress towards Independence … 369; title: Serbian Litera¬ture and the Patriotic Movement … 371; title: The Bulgarian Renais¬sance … 373; title: An Ally of Serbia:  Bosnia … 378; title: ◦; title: III. From Pan-Slavism to ‘Balkanization’ … 379; title: ◦; title: Nationalism's Motley Victory … 379; title: Experiment in Macedonia … 382; title: ◦; title: BOOK FIVE:  THE SLAVS DRAW CLOSER TOGETHER (1917-1960); title: ◦; title: 15. THE SOVIET UNION – A GREAT EXAMPLE … 390; title: ◦; title: I. A New Ideal … 390; title: ◦; title: Changing the Mentality of the Peasant … 390; title: ‘Communist Man’:  Myth or Reality? … 394; title: Federalism and the Peoples:  Byelorussia and the Ukraine … 395; title: ◦; title: II. Social And Political Realism … 398; title: ◦; title: Socialist Culture … 398; title: Realism and Truth:  Literature, Painting and Music … 400; title: — Literature … 400; title: — Painting … 404; title: — Music … 405; title: Tradition and Revolution in Writing and the Film … 406; title: ◦; title: III. Past And Future … 408; title: ◦; title: Have the Russians been de-Christianized? … 408; title: Rural Craftsmen … 410; title: The New Image of the Towns … 411; title: Widening Power and Influence … 413; title: Threats to Socialism … 414; title: Future Prospects … 417; title: ◦; title: 16. FROM INDEPENDENCE TO CONSOLIDATION:  POLAND AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA … 419; title: ◦; title: I. Poland … 419; title: ◦; title: Precarious Unity … 419; title: Resurrection among the Ruins … 421; title: A Socialist City:  Nowa Huta … 423; title: The New Warsaw … 425; title: Democratic Education … 425; title: Variety in the Arts and Literature … 426; title: ◦; title: II. Czechoslovakia … 430; title: ◦; title: The Masaryk Republic … 430; title: — Western-Style Parliamentary Democracy … 430; title: — Independence in Peril … 433; title: Socialist Czechoslovakia … 434; title: ◦; title: 17. THE SLAV PEOPLES OF THE BALKANS:  BULGARIA AND YUGOSLAVIA … 440; title: ◦; title: I. Bulgaria Under the Soviet Union’s Wing … 440; title: ◦; title: II. Originality:  Yugoslavia … 443; title: ◦; title: Dictatorship and Assimilation … 443; title: From a Federal to a Socialist Republic … 446; title: The Federal Solution … 447; title: ◦; title: CONCLUSION:  DIVERSITY AND UNITY: A NEW WORLD IN THE MAKING … 451; title: ◦; title: Bibliography … 453; title: Glossary … 459; title: Chronological Tables … 467; title: Index … 487