History of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church
Subtitle: Volume 1
Publisher: Macmillan Co.
Published: 1907
Place of publication: New York, USA
Language: eng
Table of contents: title: The History Of Sacerdotal Celibacy In The Christian Church, Volume 1; title: CONTENTS; title: Influence of the Church on modern civilisation  1; title: I. ASCETICISM; title: Character of early Judaism 4; title: Oriental and Hellenic influences  6; title: Growth of asceticism 7; title: Pauline Christianity 11; title: Admission that celibacy is of post-apostolic origin  13; title: II. THE ANTE-NICENE CHURCH; title: Early ascetic tendencies    17; title: Exaggerated in the heresies 20; title: Influence of Buddhism  22; title: Objection to second marriages 23; title: c. 150 "Digami" rejected from the ministry  25; title: Application of the Levitical rule  27; title: Growth of asceticism — self-mutilation  29; title: Vows of virginity and their results  31; title: c. 280 Influence of Manichaeism 33; title: Condemnation of marriage 36; title: 305 First injunction of celibacy, by the Council of Elvira 43; title: 314 Disregarded elsewhere 44; title: HI. THE COUNCIL OF NICEA; title: Growing centralisation of the Church  45; title: 325 The first general council 46; title: It prohibits the residence of suspected women  46; title: The story of Paphnutius 50; title: 325—350 Married priests not as yet interfered with  52; title: IV. LEGISLATION; title: 348 — 400 Enforcement of voluntary vows  55; title: Prohibition of female ministry 56; title: 362 Reaction — the Council of Gangra    58; title: 384 Celibacy adopted by the Latin Church  59; title: 385 Decretal of Siricius  68; title: V. ENFORCEMENT OF CELIBACY; title: Resistance to enforced asceticism  66; title: 390 Jovinian 67; title: 404 Vigilantius 70; title: 390—419 The Church of Africa yields    74; title: 401 Compromise of the Cis-Alpine Church  77; title: Popular assistance in enforcing celibacy   79; title: Effect of enforced celibacy on clerical morals   81; title: General demoralisation of society  84; title: VI. THE EASTERN CHURCH; title: Divergence between the East and the West 87; title: 381 Compulsory celibacy unknown in the East  88; title: 400 Council of Constantinople — Antony of Ephesus — Synesius 89; title: 430 First enforcement of celibacy in Thessaly   91; title: Celibacy not obligatory 92; title: 528 — 548 Legislation of Justinian 93; title: 680 The Quinisext in Trullo— Discipline unchanged  94; title: 900 Final legislation of Leo the Philosopher  97; title: The Nestorians — clerical marriage permitted  98; title: The Abyssinian Church 99; title: VII. MONACHISM; title: Buddhist model of monachism  101; title: Apostolic order of widows 103; title: Devotees in the primitive Church — no vows irrevocable 105; title: 250 — 285 Paul the Thebaean and St. Antony   105; title: 350 — 400 Increase of monachism 106; title: Early systems — vows not irrevocable  109; title: Greater strictness required of female devotees  109; title: c. 400 Marriages of nuns still valid 115; title: 450 — 458 Conflicting legislation 116; title: Strictness of the Eastern Church — Political necessity of controlling monachism 117; title: 890 — 456 Monks confined to their^convents   119; title: 532 — 545 Justinian renders monastic vows irrevocable   120; title: Disorders of Western monachism    120; title: 528 St Benedict of Nursia — vows not irrevocable under his rule 123; title: 590 — 604 Gregory I. enforces the inviolability of vows  126; title: Continued irregularities of monachism   129; title: VIII. THE BARBARIANS; title: The Church and the Barbarians   130; title: The Merovingian bishops    132; title: The Spanish Arians 135; title: 589 — 711 Neglect of discipline in Spain 135; title: 557 — 580 State of discipline in Italy 186; title: Dilapidation of ecclesiastical property  137; title: 590— 604 Reforms of Gregory the Great 139; title: IX. THE CARLO VINGIANS; title: Demoralisation of the VII. and VIII. centuries  141; title: Reorganising efforts of the Carlovingians   142; title: 742—755 Labours of St. Boniface 145; title: Resistance of the married clergy   147; title: 755 Pepin-le-Bref undertakes the reform  148; title: Sacerdotal celibacy re-established   149; title: Reforms of Charlemagne and Louis-le-Debonnaire — Their inefficiency 153; title: 840 — 912 Increasing demoralisation under the later Carlovingians 154; title: 874 Legal procedures prescribed by Hincmar   159; title: 893 Sacerdotal marriage resumed 162; title: Barbarism of the tenth century — Debasement of the papacy 164; title: Tendency to hereditary benefices — Dilapidation of Church property 165; title: 938 Leo VII. vainly prohibits sacerdotal marriage  169; title: 952 It is defended by St. Ulric of Augsburg   171; title: 925 — 967 Unsuccessfully resisted by Ratherius of Verona and Atto of Vercelli 172; title: Opposing influences among prelates   177; title: Relaxation of the canons 178; title: 942—1054 Three Archbishops of Rouen 179; title: Indifference of Silvester II 181; title: Celibacy practically obsolete 182; title: XI. SAXON ENGLAND; title: Corruption of the ancient British Church  183; title: Asceticism of the Irish and Scottish Churches  184; title: 597 Celibacy introduced among the Saxons by St. Augustin 185; title: Disorders in the Saxon nunneries 188; title: 747, 787 Councils of Clovesho and Chelsea   189; title: Neglect of discipline in the ninth and tenth centuries 191; title: 964 St. Dunstan undertakes a reformation   192; title: 964—974 Energy of Edgar the Pacific 192; title: 975 Reaction after the death of Edgar    197; title: 1006 Failure of Dunstan's reforms 199; title: 1009 Council of Enham — Sacerdotal polygamy    200; title: 1032 Legislation of Cnut     201; title: Sacerdotal marriage established  202; title: XII. PETER DAMIANI; title: 1022 Council of Pa via — Efforts to restore discipline 206; title: 1081 Council of Bourges 207; title: Clerical marriage and profligacy  208; title: Revival of asceticism — San Giovanni Gualberto  213; title: 1046 Henry III. undertakes the reformation of the Church — Clement II  214; title: St. Peter Damiani 216; title: 1049 Leo IX 218; title: Damiani's Liber Gomorrhianus 219; title: Reformatory efforts of Leo — Councils of Rheims and Mainz 220; title: 1051 — 1053 Attempts to reform the Italian clergy    221; title: Failure of the Reformation 222; title: 1058 The Papacy independent — Damiani and Hildebrand  223; title: 1059 Appeal to the laity for assistance  228; title: 1059 Council of Melfi— Deposition of Bishop of Trani  231; title: 1060 Damiani endeavours to reform the prelates   233; title: The persecuted clergy organise resistance  235; title: 1061 Schismatic election of Cadalus 235; title: He is supported by the married clergy   236; title: 1063 Renewed efforts of Alexander II. and Damiani   237; title: Their failure 240; title: XIII. MILAN; title: Milan the centre of Manichadsm  244; title: 1045 Election of an archbishop — four disappointed competitors 245; title: Marriage universal among Milanese clergy 247; title: Landolfo and Arialdo excite the people 249; title: 1056 Popular tumults — Plunder of the clergy  250; title: 1058 The Synod of Fontaneto defends the married priests 250; title: A furious civil war results 251; title: 1059 Damiani obtains the submission of the clergy   252; title: 1061 Milan embraces the party of Cadalus 253; title: Death of Landolfo— Erlembaldo takes his place  254; title: 1062 His success 255; title: 1066 Excommunication of Archbishop Guido — Martyrdom of Arialdo 256; title: 1067 Compromise and temporary truce  257; title: 1069 Guido forced to resign — War between Gotefrido and Azzo for the succession 257; title: 1075 Death of Erlembaldo — Tedaldo archbishop in spite of Gregory VII 259; title: Influence of celibacy on the struggle   260; title: 1093—1095 Triumph of sacerdotalism 261; title: Similar trouble throughout Tuscany  262; title: XIV. HILDEBRAND; title: 107S Election of Gregory VII. — His character   264; title: Necessity of celibacy to his scheme of theocratic supremacy; title: 1074 Synod of Rome — Repetition of previous canons Attempts to enforce them throughout Europe — Resistance of the clergy 270; title: Three bishops — Otho of Constance — Altmann of Passau — Siegfrid of Mainz 271; title: 1074 Gregory appeals to the laity 276; title: Resultant persecution of the clergy  279; title: 1077 Violent resistance of the married clergy   281; title: Political complications 282; title: 1085 Papalists and Imperialists both condemn sacerdotal marriage 285; title: XV. CENTRAL EUROPE; title: Depression of the Catholic party — Sacerdotal marriage connived at 287; title: 1089 Urban II. renews the persecution 288; title: 1094 Contumacy of the German priesthood 290; title: 1105 Deposition of Henry IV. — Germany restored to Catholic unity 291; title: 1118 — 1175 Sacerdotal marriage nevertheless common 292; title: 1092 — 1257 First introduction of celibacy in Hungary  296; title: 1197 — 1279 Introduction of celibacy in Poland  300; title: 1218 — 1248 Disregard of the canons in Sweden  301; title: 1117 — 1266 Their enforcement in Denmark 303; title: 1219 — 1271 Their neglect in Friesland  303; title: XVI. FRANCE; title: 1056 — 1064 Efforts to introduce sacerdotal celibacy  306; title: 1074 — 1078 Contumacy of the clergy 307; title: 1080 William the Conqueror intervenes — First allusion to licences to sin 308; title: Successful resistance of the Norman and Breton clergy 310; title: 1076—1094 Troubles in Flanders 312; title: Confusion caused by the attempted reform 313; title: 1095 Council of Clermont — Its canons disregarded 317; title: Condition of the monastic establishments  318; title: Hereditary transmission of benefices   320; title: Miracles invoked in aid of the reform  321; title: 1119 Calixtus II. commences a new reform   322; title: Resistance of the Norman priesthood 323; title: Abelard and Heloise — Standard of morals erected by the Church 324; title: 1212 Continuance of clerical marriage  326; title: XVII. NORMAN ENGLAND; title: 1066 Canons not enforced by William I. 328; title: 1076 First effort made by the Council of Winchester  329; title: 1102 St. Anselm undertakes the reform — Council of London  331; title: Resistance of the priests — Failure of the movement  333; title: 1104 Henry I. uses the reform as a financial expedient  334; title: 1108 He enforces outward obedience  335; title: 1126 Stubborn contumacy of the priesthood 336; title: 1129 Henry again speculates on clerical immorality  337; title: 1138 — 1171 Disorders of the English church  338; title: Consorts of priests no longer termed wives  339; title: 1208 King John discovers their financial value    344; title: Venality of the ecclesiastical officials  345; title: "Focaria?" still universal 346; title: 1215 Indignation of the clergy at the reforms of Innocent III 347; title: 1237 Cardinal Otto and the Council of London  350; title: Popular poems concerning the reform 351; title: 1250 — 1268 Gradual extinction of clerical marriage in England  354; title: Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln    356; title: Fruitless legislation against concubinage   357; title: 12th-15th C. Sacerdotal marriage in Wales 358; title: XVIII. IRELAND AND SCOTLAND; title: Degradation of the Irish Church prior to the twelfth century 360; title: 1130 — 1149 Reforms of St. Malachi — Influence of Rome 361; title: Monastic character of the reformed Church 362; title: 1186 — 1320 Condition of the Church in the English Pale  364; title: Degeneration of the Scottish Culdees 366; title: 1124 — 1153 David I. reforms the Church and re-establishes celibacy 367; title: 1225 — 1268 Immorality of the Scottish clergy  368; title: XIX. SPAIN; title: 11th Cent. Independent barbarism of the Spanish Church — Marriage universal 369; title: 1068 — 1080 Encroachments of Rome — sacerdotal marriage condemned 371; title: 1101 — 1129 Reforms of Diego Gelmirex — Marriage not interfered with 373; title: 1260 Legislation of Alfonso the Wise — Concubinage universal 378; title: 1323 Concubinage organised as a safeguard by the laity  380; title: Corruption throughout the middle ages   382; title: XX. GENERAL LEGISLATION; title: 1123 Marriage now first dissolved by Holy Orders   385; title: 1130 The innovation not as yet enforced  386; title: 1139 Sacerdotal marriage formally declared void by the Second Council of Lateran 388; title: 1148 Confirmed by the Council of Rheims — Denied by Gratian — Implication of vows in Orders  389; title: 1150 The new doctrine receives no obedience    390; title: 1158—1181 Alexander III. insists upon it 393; title: But excepts immoral ecclesiastics  394; title: Conflict of rules and exceptions  395; title: 1206 — 1328 Cases of Bossaert d'Avesnes and Piero di Corbario  Alexander III. proposes to restore clerical marriage 398; title: 1187 — 1198 Efforts of the Popes to enforce the canons  403; title: 1215 Fourth Council of Lateran — Triumph of sacerdotalism 405; title: XXI. RESULTS; title: Recognition of the obligation of celibacy 408; title: Increase of immorality 409; title: 13th-15th C. Fruitless attempts to restrain corruption — Neutralised by papal dispensations 411; title: 1231 Recognition of children of ecclesiastics   417; title: 1225 — 1416 Efforts to restrict hereditary transmission   418; title: 1317 Recognition of concubinage 420; title: Successful resistance to reform  422; title: 12th-15thC. Morals of the papal court  424; title: Influence on society of sacerdotal celibacy  430; title: Influence of monachism 445; title: XXII. THE MILITARY ORDERS; title: 1120 Knights of St. John vowed to celibacy  451; title: 1128 Knights of the Temple vowed to celibacy  451; title: 1175 Knights of Santiago allowed to marry   453; title: 1441 Marriage permitted to the Orders of Calatrava and Montesa 454; title: 1496 And to the Orders of Avis and Jesus Christ   455; title: 1167 Order of St. Michael allowed to marry once   456; title: Reforms attempted in the Order of St. John   457; title: The Teutonic Knights 457; title: XXIII. THE HERESIES; title: Asceticism of mediaeval Manichseism   459; title: Difficulty of combating it 461; title: 1146 Antisacerdotalism — The Petrobrusians and Henricians 463; title: 1148 Eon de l'Etoile 465; title: c. 1160 The Waldenses 466; title: Begghards — Brethren of the Free Spirit   469; title: The Apostles — John of Pirna — Jean de Varennes 472; title: 1377 Wickliffe 474; title: 1394 The Lollards denounce clerical celibacy    476; title: 1415 — 1438 The Hussites — They maintain ascetic celibacy   477