Early assessment of dementia : the contribution of different memory components
Edition: thesis award 2003 0130
Publisher: UVA
Published: 2002
Language: eng
Format: thesis
Number of pages: 215
First sentence: Human memory functioning is one of the most frequently studied research topics in
experimental psychology
Table of contents: title: .; title: https://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.251976; title: -; title: CONTENTS; title: CHAPTER I: REVIEW OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEMORY; title: TESTING AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE STUDY OF; title: AGEING AND DEMENTIA 1; title: I Clinical and experimental memory testing 2; title: 1. Clinically administered memory tests in neuropsychological assessment 2; title: 2. Memory models and experimentally administered memory tasks in; title: neuropsychological research 5; title: 3. Conclusion 8; title: II Ageing and dementia 10; title: 1. DSM-IV 11; title: 2. Literature review of memory functioning in normal ageing and AD 12; title: 2.1. Episodic memory 12; title: 2.2. Semantic memory 14; title: 2.3. Short-term (or working) memory 16; title: 2.4. Implicit memory: priming effects 16; title: 2.5. Implicit memory: procedural memory or skill learning 18; title: 3. Focus on very early and preclinical AD 19; title: 4. Conclusion 21; title: III Research purpose and questions 22; title: 1. Aim of present research 22; title: 2. Research questions 24; title: Appendix: Examples and description of clinical memory tests 27; title: CHAPTER II: METHOD 37; title: I The first administration of the memory test battery 37; title: 1. Sample 37; title: 2. General procedure 39; title: 3. Material 41; title: 3.1. Memory test battery 41; title: 3.1.1. Ten word list-learning test 41; title: 3.1.2. Digit span task 42; title: 3.1.3. Word-recognition test 43; title: 3.1.4. Paired-associate learning test 43; title: 3.1.5. Block span task 44; title: 3.1.6. Word stem completion task 45; title: 3.1.7. Category fluency test 45; title: 3.1.8. Mirror-reading task 46; title: 3.1.9. Perceptual identification task 47; title: 3.1.10. Two-alternative word-recognition test 48; title: xi; title: CONTENTS; title: 3.2. Visual Association Test 48; title: 4. Analyses - Chapter III 48; title: II The second administration of the memory test battery 49; title: 1. Sample 49; title: 2. General procedure 50; title: 3. Material 51; title: 4. Analyses - Chapter IV and V 52; title: Appendix A: MMSE group classification criteria 54; title: Appendix B: Selection procedure based on LASA third cycle data 55; title: Appendix C: Computation of the 'ultimate MMSE' score 56; title: Appendix D: Stimuli in each subtest 57; title: Appendix E: Development over time of all subjects initially tested with the memory; title: test battery 62; title: CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF THE FIRST; title: ADMINISTRATION OF THE MEMORY TEST BATTERY 65; title: 1. A first description of memory performance of the elderly subjects 66; title: 2. Reliability of each subtest 67; title: 3. Influence of age, education, sex and MMSE on each subtest 72; title: 4. Differentiating between the cognitively impaired subjects and the matched normal; title: control subjects: results per subtest 74; title: 4.1 Ten word list-learning test 75; title: 4.2 Digit span task 76; title: 4.3 Word-recognition test 76; title: 4.4 Paired-associate learning test 78; title: 4.4.1 Main results and learning curve in the 'Paired-associate learning test'..78; title: 4.4.2 Difference in performance between the 'Ten word list-learning test' and; title: the 'Paired-associate learning test' 79; title: 4.4.3 Nature of errors made in the 'Paired-associate learning test' 81; title: 4.5 Block span task 82; title: 4.5.1 Main results of the 'Block span task' 82; title: 4.5.2 Difference in performance between the 'Digit span task' and the 'Block; title: span task' 82; title: 4.6 Word stem completion task 83; title: 4.6.1 Main results of the 'Word stem completion task' 83; title: 4.6.2 Reaction times in the 'Word stem completion task' 84; title: 4.7 Category fluency test 85; title: 4.7.1 Number of correct exemplars per subcategory 85; title: 4.7.2 Nature of incorrect responses in the 'Category fluency test' 86; title: 4.8 Mirror-reading task 87; title: 4.8.1 Main results of the 'Mirror-reading task' 87; title: 4.8.2 Effects of repetition of items in the 'Mirror-reading task' 88; title: 4.8.3 Practice effects in the 'Mirror-reading task' 89; title: 4.9 Perceptual identification task 93; title: 4.9.1 Main results of the 'Perceptual identification task' 93; title: 4.9.2 Word frequency effects 94; title: x l i; title: CONTENTS; title: 4.10 Two-altemative word-recognition test 95; title: 4.10.1 Main results of the 'Two-alternative word-recognition test' 95; title: 4.10.2 Difference in performance between the 'Word-recognition test' and; title: the 'Two-alternative word-recognition test' 96; title: 4.11 Visual Association Test 97; title: 5. Discriminative ability of the memory test battery 98; title: 6. Factor analysis 101; title: 6.1 Latent factors within the memory test battery 101; title: 6.2 The differential value of individual subtests within the memory test battery 107; title: 6.3 The role of implicit memory within the memory test battery 107; title: 7. Conclusion 109; title: CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF THE SECOND; title: ADMINISTRATION OF THE MEMORY TEST BATTERY 113; title: 1. Reliability analyses of the memory test battery 114; title: 2. Influence of the demographic and the screening variables on each subtest 116; title: 3. The effects of 'preclinical dementia' on the level of memory performance in; title: normal ageing 118; title: 4. Differences in memory performance (over time) between various clinical; title: subgroups of elderly subjects, as defined at T2 122; title: 4.1. Ten word list-learning test 123; title: 4.2. Digit span task 124; title: 4.3. Word-recognition test 125; title: 4.4. Paired-associate learning test 126; title: 4.5. Block span task 126; title: 4.6. Word stem completion task 127; title: 4.7. Category fluency test 128; title: 4.8. Mirror-reading task 128; title: 4.9. Perceptual identification task: 'semantic memory' 129; title: 4.10. Perceptual identification task: 'priming' 130; title: 4.11. Two-alternative word-recognition test 130; title: 4.12. Visual Association Test 131; title: 4.13. Development of performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination; title: (MMSE) 132; title: 4.14. The subtests most sensitive to decline in incident dementia 133; title: 5. The profile of memory measures best predicting dementia before the diagnosis can; title: be made 136; title: 5.1. The prediction of dementia, according to the DSM-IV criteria of dementia 138; title: 5.1.1. The prediction of dementia in the entire group of elderly subjects 138; title: 5.1.2. The prediction of dementia in the 'Cognitively Impaired' (CI) group 141; title: 5.2. The role of the 'minimal dementia' subjects 146; title: 6. The profile of memory measures best discriminating between demented and; title: nondemented elderly subjects at the time q/'diagnosis 150; title: 7. Identification and characterization of nondemented but memory-declined subjects; title: 154; title: 8. Conclusion 157; title: xiii; title: CONTENTS; title: CHAPTER V: NATURE OF PERFORMANCE IN THE 'CATEGORY; title: FLUENCY TEST': AN EXPLORATION OF THE SPECIFIC; title: RESPONSES 161; title: 1. Introduction 161; title: 2. Method 163; title: 2.1. Switching and clustering scores 163; title: 2.2. Frequency distribution of responses 164; title: 3. Results and discussion of the first administration of the 'Category fluency test' - a; title: comparison of scores between the cognitively impaired and the normal control; title: subjects 165; title: 3.1. Results 165; title: 3.1.1. Switching and clustering in the 'Category fluency test' 165; title: 3.1.2. Frequency distribution of responses generated in the 'Category fluency; title: test' 167; title: 3.2. Discussion 168; title: 4. Results and discussion of the second administration of the 'Category fluency test'; title: - the development of scores over time 169; title: 4.1. Results 169; title: 4.1.1. Switching and clustering over time 169; title: 4.1.2. Frequency distributions of responses over time 172; title: 4.2. Discussion 175; title: 5. Predictive value of the various scores of the 'Category fluency test' regarding; title: dementia 176; title: 5.1. Results 176; title: 5.2. Discussion 179; title: 6. Conclusion 179; title: Appendix A: Hierarchical model of exemplars of animals named in the 'Category; title: fluency test' 182; title: Appendix B: Hierarchical model of exemplars of occupations named in the 'Category; title: fluency test' 183; title: CHAPTER VI: SUMMARY AND GENERAL DISCUSSION 185; title: 1. Summary of the main findings 185; title: 1.1. General design and aim of research 185; title: 1.2. Characteristics of the battery 185; title: 1.3. Impact of cognitive status in nondemented subjects 186; title: 1.4. Preclinical assessment of dementia, two years in advance 186; title: 1.5. Differential (cross-sectional) assessment of dementia 188; title: 2. Methodological considerations 189; title: 3. Relevance and implications for clinical practice 191; title: 4. Recommendations for future research 193; title: 5. Conclusions 194; title: xiv; title: CONTENTS; title: SAMENVATTING 197; title: 1. Aanleiding tot het onderzoek (Hoofdstuk 1) 197; title: 2. Invloed van cognitieve status bij niet-demente ouderen (Hoofdstuk 3) 199; title: 3. Predictie van dementie (Hoofdstuk 4) 200; title: 4. Prestatiepatronen op een categorie-gebonden fluency-test (Hoofdstuk 5) 200; title: 5. Conclusies 201; title: REFERENCES 203; title: CURRICULUM VITAE 215; title: .