Afghanistan
Subtitle: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation
Publisher: United States Government Printing
Published: June 1986
Language: eng
Format: Paperback
ISBN-13: 9789997583154
Table of contents: title: Contents; title: ILLUSTRATIONS; title: FOREWORD xvii; title: PREFACE rxi; title: THE GREAT GAME: 1837-1944 3; title: Origins of Soviet interest in Afghanistan 3; title: The "Socialist King," Amanullah Khan (1919-1929) 10; title: Conclusion 17; title: GROWING SOVIET INVOLVEMENT, 1945-1979 19; title: Soviet Influence Grows 19; title: Soviet and US Objectives in the Postwar Decades 27; title: The People' s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (The Afghan Communist Party) 30; title: The Communists Come to Power 37; title: Reasons for the Soviet Invasion 40; title: Conclusion 48; title: THE SECOND STAGE OF THE AFGHAN REVOLUTION 51; title: The Setting on 28 December 1979 51; title: The Structure of Political Power 57; title: Evolution of PDPA and DRA Leadership 63; title: Biographic Sketches of PDPA and DRA Leaders 69; title: Problems and Evolution of the PDPA 77; title: Conclusion 86; title: POLITICS OF THE RESISTANCE 87; title: Background 87; title: Opposition Groups in Peshawar: Attempts at Unification 92; title: Resistance Groups in Iran 108; title: The Resistance Movement within Afghanistan 110; title: Leftist Resistance Groups 119; title: Fighting among Guerrilla Bands 121; title: Conclusion 123; title: THE MILITARY STRUGGLE 127; title: 1. OVERVIEW AND TACTICS 127; title: The Longest Soviet Foreign War 127; title: Conflicting Claims of Territorial Control 134; title: Kabul: Safest of the Soviet-Held Cities? 138; title: Soviet Counterinsurgency Strategy 143; title: Mujahidin Tactics 152; title: Conclusion 152; title: 2. OPPOSING FORCES 155; title: Balance of Military Forces 155; title: Casualties and Equipment Losses from the Guerilla War 158; title: Soviet Military Forces 165; title: Main Problems of the Soviet Army 177; title: DRA Military Forces 180; title: The Mujahidin 190; title: Conclusion 196; title: 3. INTERNATIONAL AID TO THE RESISTANCE 199; title: Foreign Assistance to the Resistance 199; title: Arms Aid to the Resistance 202; title: The Resistance Goes on the Airwaves 215; title: Medical Aid by the French, Swedes, and ICRC 217; title: Conclusion 221; title: REFUGEES 223; title: Number of Refugees 224; title: Attitude of the Kabul Government and the Soviets 225; title: Ethnic Background and Area of Origin of Refugees 226; title: International Relief Care in Pakistan and Iran 226; title: Some Local Tensions 229; title: Conclusion 230; title: DECLINE AND REDIRECTION OF THE AFGHAN ECONOMY 233; title: Overall State of the Afghan Economy 235; title: Soviet Exploitation and Self Interest In Its Economic Relations 256; title: Soviet Interest in Afghanistan's Mineral Resources 257; title: Conclusion 261; title: THE SECRET POLICE (KHAD) AND HUMAN RIGHTS 263; title: The Secret Police — KHAD 264; title: Afghanistan's Record of Human Rights Practices 270; title: Freedoms of Expression, Assembly, Religion, Movement, and Participation in the Political Process 278; title: Conclusion 281; title: SOVIET CONTROL AND INDOCTRINATION 283; title: The Means of Soviet Control 284; title: The Sovietization of Afghanistan 298; title: Aftermath of Reforms of the Saur Revolution 314; title: Conclusion 320; title: THE SEARCH FOR A DIPLOMATIC SETTLEMENT AND AFGHANISTAN'S FOREIGN RELATIONS 323; title: Sovict-DRA Conditions for Soviet Troop Withdrawal 324; title: Diplomatic Effotls 328; title: The DRA's Foreign Policy 338; title: Relations with the Two Superpowers 342; title: DRA Relations with Neighboring Countries 352; title: Conclusion 368; title: CONCLUSION and OUTLOOK 371. 377; title: APPENDIXES; title: A. Eight Additional leaders of the DRA Government 385; title: B. Majoi Peshawar- Based Afghan Resistance Leaders and Their Organizations 397; title: C. Guerrilla Group Affiliations in 1983 407; title: D. History of the Resistance in One Province: Lowgar 411; title: E. The War Situation in One Typical Afghan Province: Badakhshan in Late 1982 415; title: ENDNOTES 419; title: BIBLIOGRAPHY 501; title: INDEX 527; title: THE AUTHOR 545; title: Illustrations; title: MAPS; title: South Asia xviii; title: Afghanistan xix and 325; title: Provinces of Afghanistan 47 and 91; title: Resistance-held areas throughout Afghanistan during two contrasting years. 1983 and 1984 111; title: Kabul 141; title: Sites where operations took place with the aid of AFRANE [Amities Franco- Afyhane) during 1980-84 201; title: Soviet "annexation" of Afghan territory 293; title: Badakhshan Province 415; title: PHOTOGRAPHS; title: The Salang Pass xxiii; title: Snow-covered peaks in Logar province xxv; title: Feudal residence in Parwan province 7; title: The Kabul River at Sarobi 9; title: Village in Wardak province 13; title: Hafilullah Amin 33; title: Nur Mohammad Taraki 33; title: Babrak Karmal 39 and 71; title: Sultan A!i Kcshtnuuiu. DRA PriiiK Minister 75; title: (Dr.) Salch Mohammad Zcary 75; title: Mohammad Daoud. President of Afghanistan. 1973-78 89; title: xiv Afghanistan; title: Ex-King Zahir Shah 102; title: Ahmed Shah Massoud, internationally known guerrilla commander 113; title: "Mohammad Zabiullah," late resistance commander in Balkh province 116; title: Butterfly Mine 147; title: Ambushed Soviet convoy 151; title: Mujahidin resting between sorties 153; title: Soviet POWs 161; title: Afghan guerrillas with captured Soviet tank 166; title: Downed gunship 171; title: Mujahidin commander 191; title: A band of guerrilla fighters 193; title: A band of mujahidin rests by a snow field 195; title: A mujahidin fighter 197; title: Carpets for sale in Mazar-i-Sharif 250; title: Pol-I-Charki Prison — Kabul's dreaded political prison 269; title: Mujahidin guerrillas display their captured arms 381; title: Shah Mohammed Dost, DRA Minister of Foreign Affairs 387; title: Dr. Syed Burhanuddin Rabbani, first resistance figure to attract international attention 399; title: Gulbuddin Hckmatyar, most controversial resistance leader in Peshawar 399; title: Sayed Ahmad Gailani, best known of the leaders of the resistance's Unity-of-Three moderate coalition 405; title: Afghan Sage final page; title: TABLES; title: 1 Contested regions and their guerrilla affiliations 12; title: 2 Situation in the 28 provinces 136; title: 3 Provincial districts most under Soviet -DRA control 137; title: 4 I o\ vrv in Balkh province in August; title: 5 Annual estimate of the number of Afghan refugees 224; title: 6 Estimate of Afghan refugees by destination for 84 224; title: 7 Selective indicators of Afghan production 242; title: Illustrations xv; title: 8 US-Afghanistan trade 251; title: 9 Economic aid from the United States and international agencies 253; title: 10 USSR: Economic credits and grants extended to Afghanistan 254; title: 11 Eastern European economic aid to Afghanistan 254; title: 12 Voting for UN General Assembly resolutions on Afghanistan 330; title: 13 Soviet-DRA airspace violations 357; title: 14 Purported Soviet casualties in Afghanistan from three raioni (districts) of the Transcarpathian Oblast in the southwestern part of Ukraine 495