The throne of the fisherman built by the carpenter's son, the root, the bond, and the crown of Christendom
Publisher: Burns & Oates; Catholic Publication Society
Published: 1897
Place of publication: London, England; New York, USA
Language: eng
Table of contents: title: TABLE OF CONTENTS.; title: CHAPTER I.; title: THE WITNESS OF EIGHTEEN CENTURIES TO THE SEE OF PETER.; title: The Throne of the Fisherman founded on three words, 1; title: The first word, 1; title: The second word, 2; title: The third word, 2; title: Coinherence of the several charges contained in them, 3; title: Effect of the three words through eighteen centuries, 4; title: They contain a direct divine institution, 5; title: The Church's recognition of the divine institution a second Factor, 6; title: One instance of such recognition to stand for all, 7; title: The council of Chalcedon and Pope St. Leo, 8; title: St. Leo's office as conceived by himself, and as expressed by the council, 9; title: A third Factor, the Divine Providence, 11; title: Action of this Factor between a.d. 325 and 600, 12; title: Further action in mediaeval times, 13; title: And in modern times, 14; title: Exemplified in the most absolute of modern rulers, 15; title: Remark on the conjunction of the three Factors, 16; title: The subject of this volume, the evolution of the three Factors, 19; title: The first period, 20; title: The second period, 20; title: The third period, 21; title: The fourth period, 22; title: The fifth period, 23; title: The sixth period, 23; title: The seventh period, 24; title: The eighth period in which we live, 25; title: Action of the three Factors in the diversity of the periods, 26; title: Error frames its attacks upon isolated acts: truth contemplates the whole evolution of history, 27; title: CHAPTER II.; title: FROM ST. PETER TO ST. SYLVESTER, NO. 1.; title: The first General Council makes an epoch in itself, 29; title: How the subscriptions of bishops stand in the lists of the Council, 31; title: Importance of the cause for which it met, 32; title: The period a.d. 29-325 a complete one with special characteristics, 33; title: Aspect of the Church at the convocation of the Nicene Council, 34; title: Force of the emperor's recognition of the Council, 35; title: The Council viewed as proof of the existence of a Christian people, 36; title: The hierarchy exhibits the idea which made the people, 37; title: The marvel which this people presented, 38; title: The effect on the mind of Constantine, 40; title: How the Church speaks of her own existence, 42; title: The Council as a witness of the Church's previous history, 43; title: Dearth of early Christian history, 44; title: For which the Council in some degree makes up, 45; title: The constitution of Church government at the time of the Nicene Council, 46; title: How the Apostles divided the earth, 47; title: The episcopate universal, complete, subordinated, and one, 48; title: The triple Petrine Patriarchate, 49; title: Other primatial sees, 51; title: Great preponderance of St. Peter's authority in this hierarchy, 52; title: St. Gregory the Great, on the See of Peter at Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch, 53; title: St. Innocent I. on the see of Antioch, 54; title: The whole system of episcopal subordination and unity recognised and sanctioned by the Council, 56; title: What this organic distribution of authority indicates, 57; title: St. Peter alone of the Apostles stands at the head of an episcopal line, 58; title: The meaning and range of the sixth Nicene canon, 61; title: What Pope Nicolas I. deduces from the three patriarchates, 63; title: Neither the Nicene nor any council gave its authority to the Roman church, 65; title: He quotes Pope Boniface I. to this effect, 66; title: Exposition of the Nicene Constitution by Pope Boniface, 67; title: In which historic fact and theoretic principle are united, 69; title: CHAPTER III.; title: FROM ST. PETER TO ST. SYLVESTER, NO. 2.; title: Lesson as to the government of the whole Church given by the Nicene Council, 71; title: The hierarchy answers to the unity of the one Christian people, 72; title: Pour bands of this unity :; title: 1. Litterae formatae, 73; title: 2. The system of mother and daughter churches, 74; title: 3. Provincial synods, 75; title: 4. The universal recognition of the Primacy, 76; title: Growth of the hierarchy during a state of persecution, 77; title: And of the Primacy in particular, 78; title: The office of bishop maintained by the willing obedience of its subjects, 79; title: Which denotes its source from a power recognised by them, 80; title: This is even more marked in the Primacy than in the Episcopate, 81; title: The martyrdom of five successive Popes in eight years, 82; title: The bishop of the second see called to account by the Roman bishop, 84; title: The emperor and the bishops equally acknowledge the Primacy at the cessation of heathen persecution, 85; title: Fixity and definiteness of functions in all the ranks of the hierarchy, 86; title: Key to the fonnation of the hierarchy supplied by Leo I, 87; title: Testimony of Pope Innocent I. in the year 416, 89; title: Pope Julius in 342 sets forth the rule of tradition and custom, 91; title: Claims the year before the council of Sardica what its canon gave to him, 92; title: His letter shews throughout the original Primacy and the Church's constitution, 93; title: The Pope specially the judge of the bishop of Alexandria, 94; title: The Principate of Peter the fountainhead of "ecclesiastical rule," 95; title: Political circumstances of the time give this letter still greater force, 96; title: Connection between the letters of Pope Julius I. and Pope Clement I., 96; title: Completeness of the hierarchy in fact and theory at the Nicene Council, 97; title: Exercise of the Primacy proportionate to the condition of the Church, 98; title: How the Primacy was exercised in the first three centuries, 99; title: Connection between concentered authority and extent and complexity of dominion, 100; title: The Church's history without the Primacy inexplicable, 101; title: Infallibility demanded and exercised in the first centuries, 102; title: The Primacy in these centuries at once the Root, the Bond, and the Crown of the hierarchy, 104; title: The parallel course of the Empire and the Church from the birth of Christ to Constantine, 106; title: St. Leo the Great on the Providence of God in bringing St. Peter and St. Paul to Rome, 109; title: CHAPTER IV.; title: CONSTANTINE AND THE CHURCH.; title: A new alliance of the State with the Church marks the contrast of this period with the Antenicene period, 116; title: Heathen persecution had hitherto protected internal autonomy, 117; title: Which was a traditional system of doctrine, government, and daily life, 118; title: The tradition of St. Peter and St. Paul maintained at Rome especially, 119; title: Alluded to by St. Ignatius of Antioch, 120; title: Urged by Popes Anicetus, Stephen, and Liberius, 121; title: The same tradition followed by Alexandria and Antioch, 122; title: Why the Primacy is latent in the period of persecution, 123; title: Circumstances which mark the fifty years between the first and second General Councils, 124; title: They act together, but must be treated consecutively, 126; title: 1. Constantine's position and design when he becomes sole emperor, 127; title: He allies the empire with the Church, 128; title: Scope of his legislation, 129; title: The Christian hierarchy acknowledged in the extent to which it had grown up of itself, 131; title: Civil jurisdiction given to episcopal decisions, 132; title: Constantine's idea of the relation between Church and State, 133; title: Which prevails from his time, 135; title: 2. The form of Roman sovereignty under Constantine, 136; title: The emperor held not an usurped but a legitimate power, 139; title: Which the chief Fathers expressly attest, 140; title: All the military force in the emperor's hand, 141; title: Civil office separated from military command, 141; title: The Consistorium Sacrum, 142; title: The emperor sole legislator and taxer, 142; title: The bureaucratic nobility, 142; title: The empire of Constantine and that of the Russian Peter identical, 143; title: The prefectures, dioceses, and provinces of the empire, 144; title: Constantine exercises absolute power in the State, while he acknowledges a divine authority inherent in the Church 145; title: He sets in motion powers the action of which he cannot foresee, 146; title: 3. Movement of the imperial residence from Rome, 147; title: 4. Constantinople consecrated as Nova Roma, 149; title: The emperor's withdrawal exalts the position of the Pope, 151; title: 5. The bishop of Byzantium becomes bishop of Constantinople, 152; title: His see becomes forthwith the most coveted see of the East, 153; title: And likewise the central field of heresy from the death of Constantine to Theodosius, 154; title: Rise of the "Resident Synod," 155; title: 6. The new connection between the emperor and the bishop of the city in which he resided, 156; title: 7. Degradation from their original rank of other bishops, 158; title: CHAPTER V.; title: CONSTANTINE AND HIS SONS, JULIAN, VALENTINIAN, VALENS.; title: Constantine visits Rome, leaves it for good, and founds a new capital, 160; title: Recalls Eusebius of Nicomedia and Theognis of Nicaea to their sees, 162; title: Conduct of Constantine under influence of Eusebius, 163; title: How Eusebius manages to depose St. Eustathius of Antioch, 164; title: How he attacks Athanasius, who is threatened by Constantine, 165; title: Athanasius refuses to attend a council at Caesarea, 167; title: Constantine summons a council at Tyre to' judge Athanasius, 167; title: His instructions to the council, and the synod of Egypt's comment on it, 168; title: Contrast between the council of Tyre and that of Nicaaa, 170; title: Athanasius attends it, and is deposed by it, 170; title: Appeals to Constantine ; is banished by him to Treves, 171; title: Constantine in the thirteen years of his sole government, 172; title: he weapon devised by Eusebius against the hierarchy 173; title: How he led Constantine to infringe the hitherto subsisting order, 174; title: Constantine's government in his last years a foretaste of all subsequent evils, 175; title: The three emperors, Constantine H., Constans, and Constantins, 177; title: Eusebius of Nicomedia model of the court-bishop for after ages, 178; title: Athanasius returns, and is attacked by Eusebius, 179; title: He flies for refuge to Rome, and is acquitted by the Pope in council, 179; title: The Eusebians hold the council of the Encaenia at Antioch against him, 180; title: Letter of Pope Julius in defence of the old order of the Church, 181; title: Pope Julius moves the emperors to call the council of Sardica, 182; title: Its acts, and the retirement of the Eusebians to Philippopolis, 182; title: The question of the Church's unity and independence raised by these councils, 183; title: The East and West in opposite camps after the council of Sardica, 185; title: Persecution of orthodox bishops returning from Sardica by Constantius, 185; title: Athanasius returns in 346 after his second exile of six years, 186; title: Deplorable state of Antioch upon his visit there, 186; title: Constantius sole emperor in 350 : his person and character, 187; title: He is swayed by the Arian Valens, and by his Arian empress, 188; title: Especially hates Athanasius, 189; title: Attacks him through the synod of Arles and that of Milan, 189; title: Tyrannises over the bishops at the council of Milan, 190; title: His attack on Pope Liberius described by Athanasius, 193; title: Theodoret describes how Liberius is banished by Constantius, 196; title: The judgment of Athanasius respecting Pope Liberius, 197; title: His dictum : the party of Arius have no king but Caesar, 198; title: Constantius drives Athanasius from Alexandria, 199; title: The night attack described by Athanasius, 200; title: The Alexandrians appeal to the emperor, who justifies the act, 201; title: Hosius denounces the tyranny of Constantius, 201; title: Athanasius declares the Church's independence of the emperor, 202; title: Is an outlawed fugitive during the remaining five years of Constantius, 203; title: Is brought back in virtue of the decree of the apostate emperor Julian, 203; title: Later councils in the reign of Constantius, 204; title: St. Hilary describes the councils of his time, 204; title: And St. Gregory of Nazianzum, 205; title: Constantius receives clinical baptism from an Arian bishop and dies of fever, 206; title: The twenty months of Julian, 207; title: Four emperors in twenty-eight months, and division of the East and West, 207; title: Valentinian's upright government in the West, 208; title: Valens oppresses the Catholics in the East, 209; title: Athanasius is banished for the fifth time, but is soon restored, 210; title: Basil writes that the sight of him would compensate for all evils, 211; title: Valens causes eighty ecclesiastics to be set adrift in a burning ship, 211; title: After a tyranny of eleven years he is burnt in a Thracian cottage, 212; title: Theodosius made emperor in the East by Gratian, 213; title: His law of February 28, 380, 214; title: CHAPTER VI.; title: FROM CONSTANTINE AT NICEA TO THEODOSIUS AT CONSTANTINOPLE.; title: Ecclesiastical retrospect of the period, 325-381, 216; title: Alexandria and Antioch at Nicaea, 217; title: The position of Rome in regard to them, 219; title: Beginning of the Eusebian attack on the Church's constitution, 220; title: Heresy and schism at Antioch during fifty years, 220; title: Constantinople in Arian hands for forty years, 221; title: The five banishments of Athanasius and the sufferings of Alexandria, 223; title: What the banishment of bishops meant, 226; title: Applied to the bishops of Antioch, Constantinople, Milan, Poitiers, 227; title: And to Pope Liberius, 228; title: How this punishment exceeded any inflicted by heathens, 230; title: St. Basil's cry of distress in 373 under the persecution of Valens, 231; title: St. Gregory of Nazianzum on episcopal councils in his time, 234; title: And on the bishops at the council of Constantinople in 381, 235; title: His words express to the life the Arian tyranny, 236; title: Deterioration of the Eastern episcopate marked by these bishops, 237; title: The instrument by which Eusebius violated the Church's constitution, 238; title: The council of Constantinople in 381 received only as to its creed, not as to its canons, 241; title: Development of the papal dignity in 325-381, 242-274; title: 1. The splendour of Rome when visited by Constantius in 357, 243; title: Rome in the fourth century deserted by her emperors, 244; title: Still in Constantine's time the stronghold of heathenism, 245; title: Advance of the faith and decline of its opponents through the century, 246; title: Spiritual life advances as temporal power decays in Rome, 248; title: 2. Arian action on the great Eastern sees and the Eastern episcopate, 249; title: Contrast in succession to the Roman See, 251; title: 3. The Arian heresy in connection with the founding of Constantinople, 253; title: Arian servility and imperial domination, 254; title: 4. Synod of Aquileia a contrast to that of Constantinople, 256; title: Innovation in the third canon passed at Constantinople, 257; title: Causes from which it sprung, 259; title: Every Byzantine emperor seeks to exalt his bishop, 261; title: The canon rejected by Alexandria, and unknown to the West, 262; title: St. Gregory of Nazianzum on the faith of Rome and Constantinople, 264; title: 5. Church and State under Constantine, Constantius, and Valens, 265; title: 6. Acts done in 330-380 against the Papacy which turned to its increase in influence, 268; title: 7. The frustration of Constantine's purposes in founding Constantinople, 271; title: The greatest favour Constantine conferred on Rome was the leaving it, 273; title: CHAPTER VII.; title: CHURCH AND STATE UNDER THE THEODOSIAN HOUSE.; title: The Church advances by the defeat of heresy, 275; title: Her doctrine and her government built up simultaneously, 276; title: The difficulties of Theodosius, 277; title: He strives as a statesman to undo the evil wrought by heresy, 278; title: The imperial letter of 430 sets forth the union of the Empire and the Church, 281; title: And expresses the conviction both of emperors and Fathers, 282; title: Heretical emperors themselves not indifferent to truth, 284; title: In what capacity emperors convoked general councils, 285; title: The letter explains the conduct and the legislation of the emperors from 380 to 430, 286; title: The statement as to the natural order of human society being based upon the appointment of God, 286; title: And as to the supernatural order embodied in the Church, 287; title: The imperial power guardian of the union of the two, 287; title: Belief of the Christian hierarchy on this point, 288; title: St. Augustine as its exponent, 289; title: His answer to Macedonius, 290; title: His larger answer to Count Boniface, 292; title: Actions of Jewish and heathen kings praised in Scripture, 293; title: All things have their proper times, 294; title: Our Lord converted St. Paul by force, 296; title: Guests, first invited, then compelled, to the supper, 297; title: But one view in the laws of the two powers as to their union, 298; title: The transformation from the First to the Second Council, 299; title: The Empire as looked at by the Church, 300; title: The Church as looked at by the empire, 302; title: Their reciprocal attitude thus brought about, 304; title: Different effect of this attitude produced in East and West, 305; title: Rise of the bishop of Constantinople, 305; title: Episcopate of St. Chrysostome and of Atticus, 306; title: Of Nestorius, and the opposition of Alexandria in St. Cyril, 309; title: Position of the great sees at tha council of Ephesus, 311; title: Striking recognition of the Roman Primacy at the second Ecumenical Council, 312; title: Force given to this recognition by the temporal circumstance of the time, 314; title: The point of authority reached by the bishops Proclus and Flavian, 317; title: The dress and surroundings of an Eastern Roman emperor, 318; title: Internal administration of the diocese of Constantinople, 319; title: The Church's independence acknowledged by the emperors from Constantine to Leo I., 321; title: In the East the alliance between Church and State had produced a State-made patriarch overshadowing the patriarchs of the original hierarchy, 322; title: CHAPTER VIII.; title: CHURCH AND STATE AND THE PRIMACY FROM 380 TO 440; title: Contrast of the Papacy based on the succession from St. Peter to the State-made patriarch, 324; title: Loss of the papal letters from St. Clement I. to St. Julius I., 325; title: Letter of Pope Damasus to the bishops governing the East, 326; title: Series of decretal letters beginning with Pope Siricius, 327; title: Letter to Himerius of Tarragona based on the person of St. Peter, 328; title: Whose authority as vested in the Pope is acknowledged by St. Ambrose, 329; title: Universal authority claimed in the single letter of Anastasius, 330; title: Pontificate of Innocent I. : his various letters, 331; title: His action in the case of two African councils, 332; title: Which refer their judgment on a matter of faith to him, 333; title: Rescripts of the Pope welcomed by St. Augustine, 335; title: Principate of the Apostolic See as understood by St. Augustine : 337; title: 1. An authority including and corroborating acts of local councils, 338; title: 2. Based upon the promises made in the Scriptures to St. Peter, 338; title: 3. Who is set by Christ as form and beginning of the episcopate, 339; title: 4. It existed from the beginning, 340; title: 5. Acknowledged as not of ecclesiastical but divine institution, 340; title: 6. The power indicated in its own nature supreme as a Principate, 341; title: Creation of the bishop of Thessalonica Apostolic Vicar over ten provinces, 342; title: A personal relation renewed by each Pope at his accession and at the death of each vicar, 344; title: The double process of decretal letters and establishment of vicariates parts of "the administration of Peter" 345; title: The combination of faith and discipline in these letters, 347; title: The "compages" of the Church strengthened, 348; title: Letter of Pope Innocent to the patriarch of Antioch, 349; title: The temporal condition of the empire in the reign of Theodosius, 351; title: Barbarian chiefs placed by him in Roman commands, 353; title: Civil condition of the Roman city, 354; title: The place of the absent emperor filled by the present Pope, 356; title: Agony of the Western empire following the death of Theodosius, 357; title: Capture of Rome in 410 a landmark, 359; title: It serves to render visible the City of God in the world, 360; title: The Roman Primacy after the fall of the city as defined by Pope Boniface, 362; title: Contrast of the Eastern empire and its extent, 364; title: Political condition of things when the council is convoked at Ephesus, 365; title: General characteristics of the papal letters from Siricius to Sixtus ; 366; title: 1. The point on which the whole papal authority is grounded, 366; title: 2. An institution divine, not political, 370; title: 3. Of spiritual, not of imperial descent, 371; title: 4. Inherited from the preceding centuries, 372; title: 5. Unaggressive and conservative, 373; title: 6. Has all the past of the Church at its back, 374; title: 7. Established on spiritual basis by the break up of the empire, 375; title: 8. Political prostration of the city of Rome, 376; title: 9. Spiritual power emerging from political ruin, 377; title: The epoch of the second council in 431, 378; title: What had passed between a.d. 325 and 431, 381; title: CHAPTER IX.; title: THE FLOWERING OF PATRISTIC LITERATURE, NO. 1.; title: The Nicene Council a great epoque, 383; title: From six points of view :; title: 1. The union of the two powers, 384; title: 2. Freedom of the Church to meet in general council, 384; title: 3. Freedom of the Papacy to exert its authority, 385; title: 4. Freedom ab extra to all to preach the Gospel, 385; title: 5. Public introduction of the monastic life, 386; title: 6. Heresy and schism in their action on the formation of doctrine, 387; title: The brilliant period of Greek literature compared with that of patristic literature, 388; title: The Church more than renews a greater Hellas, 390; title: And a greater Rome, 391; title: The patristic literature possesses a unifying spirit of which the Greek, the Roman, and the present literature is destitute, 392; title: An effect of heresy in promoting theology, 393; title: A contest for life or death, 394; title: Carried on through the fourth and fifth centuries from the preceding, 395; title: The faith passing from historical tradition into theology, 398; title: Unity of the dogmatic struggle from Nicsea to Chalcedon, 400; title: "The gates of hell shall not prevail" 403; title: The universal study of the Scriptures by Fathers at this time, whereby they sought support for the great tradition on which the Church had hitherto rested, 404; title: The ecclesiastical sense accounted the key to the meaning of Scripture, 406; title: The triad of Egypt, Gaul, and Syria, 410; title: St. Athanasius, his life, character, and style, 411; title: St. Hilary, his time of confession, and his work, 413; title: St. Ephraem, his life and writings, 417; title: His testimony to St. Peter's Primacy, 419; title: The triad of Cappadocia ; St. Basil, his life and works, 421; title: St. Gregory of Nazianzum, 423; title: St. Gregory of Nyssa, 424; title: St. Cyril of Jerusalem, his catechetic doctrine, 426; title: His words upon the Eucharistic Sacrifice, 427; title: St. Epiphanius, his life and witness, 428; title: St. John Chrysostome, his birth, life, and writings, 429; title: CHAPTER X.; title: THE FLOWERING OF PATRISTIC LITERATURE, NO. 2.; title: St. Ambrose elected bishop when a catechumen, 432; title: His daily life described by St. Augustine, 434; title: The wide range of his influence and his writings, 435; title: St. Jerome: his life, writings, and opinion of contemporaries about him, 437; title: The conversion, life, and works of St. Augustine, 440; title: St. Cyril of Alexandria : his time, character, and works, 446; title: Theodoret : his life and works, 447; title: The works of St. Leo postponed to the treatment of his government, 449; title: What the Tradition was from which the Fathers entered on the study of Scripture, 449; title: The principles of interpretation in the schools of Alexandria and Antioch, 452; title: Illustrated by Diodorus of Tarsus and his pupils Theodore and Chrysostome, 454; title: Theodore, St. Chrysostome, St. Augustine, three parallels, 458; title: Number of Scriptural commentators, 459; title: Treatises on Christian doctrine and catechesis, 460; title: Defence against Judaism, 461; title: Exposure of heathenism, 461; title: Praise of the cloistral and virginal life, 462; title: Point of time at which the virginal and monastic life appeared as a public factor, 463; title: The Fathers practised and praised it solely for its spiritual beauty, 465; title: Its political and social importance upon the fall of the empire, 467; title: The virginal life described by St. Anthony, 468; title: And by St. Athanasius, 469; title: Masters of the eremitic and cloistral life, 470; title: The mystical life, Markarius and the so-called Dionysius, 470; title: Histories of Eusebius, Sozomen, Socrates, Theodoret, Rufinus, 471; title: History of heresies, by Theodoret, Epiphanius, Philastrius, Augustine, 471; title: The treasure of letters left by the Fathers, 472; title: The verses of St. Gregory of Nazianzum, 473; title: Prudentius compared with Claudian, 474; title: His encomium on the Homan Peace preparing the way for Christ, 475; title: His prayer for Borne iii the hymn to St. Laurence, 476; title: His hymn describing his own life, 477; title: His description of Rome on the feast of her two patrons, 478; title: St. Eulalia buried "under the feet of God" 480; title: Sixty unnamed martyrs, whose names are known to Christ, 480; title: Concurrence of Prudentius, Claudian, and Rutilius, as to the position of Rome, 481; title: Reumont on the attachment to the Roman empire, 481; title: The whole intellectual movement from Nicsea to Chalcedon, 482; title: Ideas magnified in the Church, corrupted and lost in heresy, 485; title: Development as described in the fifth century, 487; title: Vincent of Lerius gives a picture of the Church's course down to his time, 487-491; title: CHAPTER XI.; title: ST. LEO THE GREAT.; title: The times at St. Leo's accession, a.d. 440, 492; title: Political circumstances in the West, 493; title: And in the East, 495; title: Ecclesiastical circumstances and position of the Pope, 498; title: The Council of Ephesus in 431 when held was the first ecumenical council after the Nicene, 499; title: Definite acknowledgment by it of the Primacy, 499; title: Leo elected Pope during his absence in August, 440, 501; title: His sermons and letters acts of a ruler who knows not fear, 503; title: They indicate his supreme authority, 504; title: He speaks in Latin as Athanasius or Basil speaks in Greek, 505; title: He exposes in a few lines the Nestorian and Eutychean heresies, 505; title: Authority with which he writes to the patriarch of Alexandria, 506; title: Position of Proclus and Flavian as archbishops of Constantinople, 507; title: Eutyches starts his heresy at Constantinople under Flavian, 507; title: Who invites St. Leo to terminate the heresy by his letter, 507; title: The great dogmatic letter of St. Leo, 508; title: The council called the Latrocinium shews the absolute need of the Primacy, 509; title: Appeal of Theodoret to Pope Leo, 510; title: Leo rejects the decrees of the Council and annuls it, 511; title: Theodosius II. supports the Council and Dioscorus, 513; title: And dies suddenly by a fall from horseback, 514; title: Marcian and Pulcheria succeed and support the Pope, 514; title: Leo accepts the convocation of the council of Chalcedon by Marcian, 516; title: Acts of the council of Chalcedon, 518; title: Recognition of the Primacy in its synodical letter, 519; title: The 9th, 17th, and 28th canons attempted to be passed, 520; title: What was aimed at in these canons, 521; title: The legates reject them : they are passed under protest, 524; title: The Pope's consent to the canons solicited, 526; title: The Pope refuses : his reasons given, 527; title: Annuls the canons in his letter to the empress Pulcheria, 529; title: The emperor accepts St. Leo's decision, and the canons are expunged, 530; title: Recapitulation of what passed at Chalcedon, 531; title: The Primacy exercised by Leo, between his saving Rome from Attila and Genseric, 533; title: What was the salvation wrought by Leo, 534; title: The days of Leo, 535; title: The Primacy under Leo is become the Church's centre of; title: gravity and of life, 535; title: Internal causes leading to this, 536; title: The Roman bishops in the strain of the Arian heresy, 538; title: Again, in the Pelagian heresy and the Donatist schism, 538; title: Again, in the Nestorian heresy, 539; title: Again, in the Eutychean heresy, 539; title: External events co-operating with the same result, 540; title: Loosening of imperial power in the West, tension in the East, 541; title: The bishop of Constantinople exalted as the emperors tool, 542; title: And is put forth in the East as a balance to the Pope in the West, 543; title: The imperial power unequally matched by the patriarchates, 544; title: St. Leo exercised no power but what his predecessors claimed, 546; title: What St. Leo did for his own and all succeeding time, 547