Selected Materials from Critical Thinking
Subtitle: Chaffey College
By: To Alexander, Bill, and Sherry, and also to Sydney, Darby, and Peyton Elizabeth
Edition: 7th Edition
Publisher: McGraw-Hill - Learning Solutions
Published: 2004 - by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Place of publication: USA
Language: eng
Format: Paperback; spiral
Number of pages: 561
ISBN-13: 9780077497965
Copyright date: 2004, cover photo - 2010
Table of contents: title: Preface xiii; title: ----; title: ----; title: PART 1 Claims and Credibility; title: ----; title: Chapter 1 Thinking Critically: It Matters; title: Basic Critical Thinking Skills 3; title: Issues 4; title: Arguments 5; title: Misconceptions About Arguments 6; title: Recognizing Arguments 7; title: Identifying Issues 9; title: Factual Issues Versus Nonfactual Issues 11; title: Relativism and Subjectivism 13; title: Relevance Rhetoric and Keeping a Clear Head 14; title: Concepts and Terms 16; title: Advice 18; title: Recap 18; title: Exercises 20; title: Writing Exercises 40; title: ----; title: Chapter 2 Critical Thinking and Clear Writing 41; title: Organization and Focus 42; title: Principles of Organization 42; title: Good Writing Practices 44; title: Essay Types to avoid 45; title: Clarity in Writing 47; title: Defining Terms 48; title: Ambiguous Claims 53; title: Vague Claims 63; title: Claims That Make Comparisons 64; title: Persuasive Writing 74; title: Writing in a Diverse Society 75; title: Recap 78; title: Additional Exercises 80; title: Writing Exercises 82; title: Assessing the Content of the Claim 87; title: Does the Claim Conflict with our Personal Observations 87; title: Does the Claim Conflict with our Background Information 91; title: Assessing the Credibility of Sources 94; title: The News Media 99; title: Reporting the News 101; title: Who Listens to the News 103; title: The Internet 106; title: Advertising 106; title: Recap 111; title: Exercises 112; title: Writing Exercises 122; title: -----; title: -----; title: Part 2. Fallacies and Other Rhetorical Devices; title: -----; title: Chapter 4 Persuasion Through Rhetoric 124; title: Rhetorical Devices and Techniques 125; title: Euphemisms and Dysphemisms 125; title: Rhetorical Comparisons Definitions and Explanations 128; title: Stereotypes 130; title: Innuendo 131; title: Laded Questions 133; title: Weaselers 134; title: Downplayers 136; title: Horse Laugh Ridicule Sarcasm 138; title: Hyperbole 139; title: Proof Surrogates 140; title: Recap 141; title: Exercises 141; title: Writing Exercises 151; title: Psychological and Related fallacies 151; title: The Rush Limbaugh Fallacy: The Argument from Outrage 153; title: Scare Tactics 156; title: Other Fallacies Based on Emotions 157; title: Rationalizing 161; title: Everyone 161; title: Relativism 164; title: Two Wrongs Make a Right 166; title: Red Herring Smoke Screen 166; title: Recap 170; title: Exercises 171; title: Writing Exercises 179; title: -----; title: Chapter 6 More fallacies 181; title: The Ad Hominem Fallacy 181; title: Personal Attack Ad Hominem 182; title: The Inconsistency Ad Hominem 182; title: Circumstantial Ad Hominem 183; title: Poisoning the Well 184; title: Genetic Fallacy 184; title: Positive Ad Hominem Fallacies 185; title: Straw Man 186; title: False Dilemma 187; title: Perfectionist Fallacy 191; title: Line Drawing Fallacy 191; title: Slippery Slope 192; title: Misplacing the Burden of Proof 193; title: Begging the Question 197; title: Recap 199; title: Exercises 200; title: Writing Exercises 225; title: -------; title: ----; title: Part 3 Arguments; title: ----; title: Chapter 7 The Anatomy and Varieties of Arguments 226; title: Good and Bad Valid and Invalid Strong and Weak 235; title: Deduction and Induction 238; title: Unstated Premises 241; title: Identifying Unstated Premises 243; title: Techniques for Understanding Arguments 246; title: Clarifying an Arguments Structure 247; title: Distinguishing Arguments form Window Dressing 250; title: Evaluation Arguments 251; title: Do the Premises Support the Conclusion 252; title: Are the Premises Reasonable 252; title: Recap 253; title: Additional Exercises 254; title: Writing Exercises 260; title: ------; title: Chapter 8 Deductive Arguments I: Categorical Logic 261; title: Categorical Claims 262; title: Venn Diagrams 263; title: Translation int Standard Form 264; title: The Square of Opposition 269; title: Three Categorical Operations 272; title: Conversion 272; title: Subversion 273; title: Contraposition 274; title: Categorical Syllogisms 281; title: The Venn Diagram Method of Testing for Validity283; title: Categorical Syllogisms with Unstated Premises 288; title: Real Life Syllogisms 290; title: The Rules Method of Testing for Validity293; title: Recap 296; title: Additional Exercises 296; title: Writing Exercises 305; title: ----; title: Chapter 9 Deductive Arguments II: Truth Functional Logic; title: Truth Tables and the Truth Functional Symbols 307; title: Claim Variables 307; title: Truth Tables 307; title: Symbolizing Compound Claims 314; title: Truth Functional Arguments 322; title: Deductions 331; title: Group I Rules: Elementary Valid Argument Patterns 331; title: Group II Rules: Truth of Functional Equivalences 337; title: Conditional Proof 344; title: Recap 348; title: Additional Exercises 349; title: Writing Exercises 356; title: -----; title: Chapter 11 Causal Arguments 394; title: Informal Causal Reasoning 395; title: Two Basic Patterns of Causal Reasoning 395; title: Relevant-Difference Reasoning 395; title: Common Thread Reasoning 397; title: Common Mistakes in Informal Causal Reasoning 399; title: Causation in Populations 407; title: Controlled Cause/Effect Experiments 409; title: Non experimental Cause/Effect Studies 414; title: Non experimental Effect/Cause Studies 416; title: Appeal to Anecdotal Evidence 417; title: Doubtful Causal Claims Hypotheses 426; title: Causal Explanations and Arguments 432; title: Explanations and Excuses 433; title: Recap 435; title: Additional Exercises 436; title: Writing Exercises 444; title: ----; title: Chapter 12 Moral Legal and Aesthetic Reasoning 443; title: Factual Issues and Nonfactual Issues 449; title: Getting an ought formation Is: factual Premises and Moral Value judgments 452; title: Consistency and Fairness 455; title: Major Perspectives in Moral Reasoning 459; title: Moral Deliberation 465; title: Legal Reasoning 469; title: Legal Reasoning and Moral Reasoning Compared 469; title: Two Types of Legal Studies: Justifying Laws and interpreting Laws 470; title: The Role of Precedent in Legal Reasoning 471; title: Aesthetic Reasoning 473; title: Eight Aesthetic Principles 473; title: Using Aesthetic Principles to Judge Aesthetic Value 475; title: Evaluating Aesthetic Criticism: Relevance and truth 477; title: Why Reason Aesthetically 479; title: Recap 481; title: Additional Exercises 482; title: Writing Exercises 485; title: ------; title: Appendix 1 Essays for Analysis and a Few Other Items A-1; title: Appendix 2 The Top Ten fallacies of All Time A-5; title: Appendix 3 Controversial Issues A-42; title: Glossary G-1; title: Answers Credits C Suggestions and Tips for Exercises Marked with a Triangle E-1; title: Index I-1; title: About the Authors Z-1