A Survey of European civilization
By: Wallace K. Ferguson, Geoffrey Bruun
Contributors: Bruun, Geoffrey, 1898-1988
Edition: 4th ed.
Publisher: Houghton Mifflin
Published: 1969
Place of publication: Boston
Language: eng
Subjects: Textbooks; Civilization; History
Notes: Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Table of contents: title: PART I: The Study of History. Before History. Section A : The Ancient World (c. 3000-31 B.C.) : 1. The Ancient Middle East (c. 3000-c. 500 B.C.) : Mesopotamia: The Land of the Two Rivers. Egypt: The Land of the Nile. The Aegean, Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine. 2. Ancient Greece (c. 1000-38 B.C.) : The Formation of Greece (c. 1200-500 B.C.). The Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. Greek Economy in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries, B.C. The Civilization of the Golden Age. 3. The Hellenistic Age : Macedonian Conquests and the Hellenistic Kingdoms. Hellenistic Institutions. Hellenistic Culture. 4. The Roman Republic : The Early Republic and the First Period of Expansion. Expansion and Civil War (202-31 B.C.). Roman Culture in the Republican Age. Section B : The Roman Empire and Its Decline (31 B.C.-c. 500 A.D.) : 5. The Roman World in the First Two Centuries of the Empire : Organization of the Empire. Society. Economic Life. Culture of the Empire. 6.; title: Decline of the Roman Empire : Beginning of the Decline: The Third Century. Reforms of Diocletian. Social Decline. Decline of Roman Culture. 7. The Christian Church in the Roman Empire : Origin and Spread of Christianity. Persecution and Triumph. Church and State: The Struggle Against Heresy and Paganism. The Latin Church: The Rise of the Papacy. The Growth of Monasticism. 8. The Barbarian Invasions of the Empire : The Early Germans. The Migrations Before. The Invasion of the Visigoths. The Vandals and Huns and the Fall of the Western Empire. The Ostrogoth Kingdom in Italy. Section C : The Early Middle Ages (c. 500-c. 1050) : 9. The Eastern Empire Becomes Byzantine : Justinian's Dream of Restoring the Empire. The Byzantine Empire Survives. 10. The Rise of Islam and the Expansion of the Moslem Empire : Mohammed and the Founding of Islam. The Expansion of the Moslem Empire. Moslem Civilization under the Caliphate. 11.; title: The Franks, the Lombards, and the Papacy : The Franks in the Merovingian Age. Society and Institutions in the Merovingian Age. The Lombards and the Papacy. The Frankish Kingdom and the Church. 12. The Carolingian Empire and the Northmen : Charlemagne and His Empire (768-814). Break-up of the Carolingian Empire. The Coming of the Northmen. 13. The Feudal System : Origins of Feudalism. The Manorial System. Military Feudalism and Landholding: The Fief. The Church in the Feudal System. The Feudal State. 14. The Founding of the Feudal Kingdoms and the Revival of the Empire : Germany, Italy, and the Holy Roman Empire. France. Saxon England. Section D : The High Middle Ages (c. 1050-c. 1270) : 15. The Struggle Between the Empire and the Papacy : The Investiture Controversy. The Struggle for Supremacy. Triumph of the Papacy. 16. The Growth of the Monarchies in France and England : French Kings Increase Their Prestige (1060-1180). English Kings Organize a Royal Government (1066-1189).; title: French Kings Expand the Royal Domain (1180-1270). The English Constitution Develops Despite Weak Kings (1189-1272). 17. The Crusades and the Expansion of Catholic Europe : The First Three Crusades (1095-1192). Later Crusades. The Expansion of Catholic Europe.18. Feudal Society - The Peasants and the Nobles : General Conditions of Medieval Life. The Peasants. The Nobles. Chivalry and the Knights. 9. The Cities and the Middle Class - Commerce and Industry : The Medieval City. The Revival of Commerce and the Rise of the Cities. The Burghers and City Government. The Merchant and Craft Guilds. Influence of the Cities on European Civilization.; title: 20. The Church, Religion, and Culture : The Church as an Institution. The Sacraments, Popular Religion, and Heresy. The Monks and Friars. The Revival of Learning and the Universities. Religious Art and Music. Section E : The Later Middle Ages and the Renaissance (c. 1270-c. 1520) : 21. Germany and Eastern Europe : The Empire Survives in a State of Disintegration. . The Swiss Confederation and the Hanseatic League. Eastern Europe. 22. France and England to the End of the Hundred Years' War : Consolidation of Royal Government in France (1270-1328). Growth of Constitutional Government in England (1272-1327). France and the Hundred Years' War. England from Edward III to Henry VI (1327-1461). 23. The Decline of the Papacy in the Later Middle Ages : Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair. Waning Prestige of the Popes at Avignon. The Great Schism, Heresy, and the Councils. 24. Medieval Economy in Transition : The Growth of Capitalism in Italian Commerce, Industry, and Banking.; title: The Growth of Capitalism in Northern Commerce and Industry. The Break-up of the Manorial System. 25. The Age of the Renaissance in Italy : Renaissance Society. Evolution of the Italian States to 1494 . The Literary Renaissance. The Artistic Renaissance. 26. The Waning of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in the North : Decay of Medieval Institutions. Rise of Centralized Territorial States. The New Piety in the North. The Renaissance Crosses the Alps. The Fine Arts and Music. 27. The States of Europe at the Dawn of the Modern Age : Spain and Portugal. England. France, Burgundy, and Italy. Germany and the House of Hapsburg. Expansion of the European Horizon by Exploration. Section F : The Reformation and the Wars of Religion (c. 1520-c. 1660) : 28. The Reformation and the Founding of the Protestant Churches : Causes of the Reformation. Luther and the Reformation in Germany. Zwingli and Calvin and the Reformation in Switzerland.; title: The Reformation in England under Henry VIII and Edward VI. 29. The States of Europe in the Age of Charles V : The Rivalry of Hapsburg and Valois. Charles V and His Empire. The Monarchy in France and England. 30. The Catholic or Counter-Reformation : The Early Catholic Reformation. Loyola and the Society of Jesus. The Council of Trent (1 545-63). The Counter-Reformation in Action. 31. The States of Europe in the Age of Philip II : Spain Under Philip II. The Revolt in the Netherlands. Wars of Religion in France. England Under Elizabeth I. 32. The Establishment of Absolute Monarchy in France : Henry IV Reconstructs France. Richelieu and Mazarin Establish Absolute Monarchy. 33. The Decline of the Monarchy in England : 'The Legacy of the Tudors. Decline of the Monarchy (1603-40). The Civil War and Cromwell (1640-60). 34. The Thirty Years' War : The Background of the War. The Thirty Years' War (1618-48). The Peace of Westphalia and the Peace of the Pyrenees. 35.; title: The Commercial Revolution and Overseas Expansion : Economic Expansion and the Growth of Capitalism. Capital and the State: Mercantilism. Portugal and Spain Overseas. Dutch, English, and French Commerce and Colonies. 36. The Culture of the Early Modern Period : Language and Literature. Art and Music. The Scientific Revolution. Genealogical Table. A List of European Rulers to the Middle of the Seventeenth Century.; title: PART II: The Long Prelude to Modern History : The Prehistoric Ages. The Ancient Empires (3000 B.C.-500 B.C.). The Persian Hegemony (530-330 B.C.). The "Greek Miracle". The Roman Empire. Decline in the West (500-1000 A.D.). The Expansion of Islam. Recovery in the West (1000 - 1500 A.D.). The Oceanic Age. Section G : Europe in the Age of Louis XIV (1660-1715) : 37. Europe in the Middle of the Seventeenth century : The system of Centralized Territorial States. The European States in 1660. Life in the Seventeenth Century. The World outside Europe. 38. France under Louis XIV : France at the Accession of Louis XIV. How Louis Conducted His Government. The Court of the Sun King. The Great Age in Literature and Art. Persecution of Jansenists and Huguenots. The Wars of Louis XIV. 39. The Triumph of Parliament in England : Charles II : A Despot in Disguise. Anglo-Dutch Rivalry and Reconciliation. James II : A Despot in Difficulties. The glorious Revolution of 1688.; title: England and Scotland Become Great Britain. Significance of the Seventeenth Century in English History. 40. The Declining Empire of the Hapsburgs : The Austrian Hapsburgs. The Turkish Menace. Spain in Decline. The Italian States. Section H : The Eighteenth Century (1715-1789) : 41. The Emergence of Russia : The Rise of Muscovy. Peter the Great of Russia. The Great Northern War (1700-21). The Successors of Peter the Great. Catherine the Great (1762-96). The Dismemberment of Poland. 42. The Rise of Prussia : The Electorate of Brandenburg. Frederick the Great (1740-86). The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48). The Diplomatic Revolution. The Seven Years' War (1756-63). Frederick the Great in Time of Peace. 43. The Contest for Commerce and Colonies : The Seventeenth Century: France and England as Colonial Rivals. The Eighteenth Century: The Duel of France and Britain. The Thirteen Colonies Win Their Independence. The Abatement of Colonial Rivalry After 1783. 44.; title: Europe and the Wider World : Transportation and Communication. Commerce between Continents. What Europe Gave and Gained. New attitudes and aspirations 45. The Intellectual Revolution : The Marriage of Theory and Practice. The Experimental method. The Progress of Mathematics. The Sharing of Knowledge. Science Wins Acceptance. The Significance of the Intellectual Revolution. 46. The Old Regime and Its Critics : Divine-Right Monarchy in Theory and Practice. The Privileged and Unprivileged Classes. Legal and Financial Abuses. The Criticism of the Philosophers. The Enlightened Despots. The Doctrine of Popular Sovereignty. Organizing the American Republic. Section I : The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789-1815) : 47. The French People Launch a Revolution : The Estates General Is Summoned. The Role of the People. The Capture of the Bastille. Pressures on the Assembly. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy. The Constitution of 1791. The Legislative Assembly (1791-92). 48.; title: The First French Republic : The National Convention. The Organization of Victory. The Jacobin Dictatorship. The Thermidorian Reaction. The Directory (1795-99). The Achievements of the Revolution (1789-99). 49. Napoleon and France : The Advent of Bonaparte. Collapse of the Second Coalition. Napoleon Reconstructs France. The Imperial Adventure. Results of Napoleon's Rule in France. 50. Napoleon and Europe : The Revolution Spreads. The Reconstruction of Italy. The Reorganization of the Germanies. Napoleon and England. The Russian Disaster and the War of Liberation. The Hundred Days. 51. The Congress of Vienna : The Congress Assembles. The Political Settlements. The Concert of Europe. Section J : The Growth of Nationalism and liberalism (1815-1871) : 52. Restoration and Reaction : The Reaction from the Age of Rationalism. The Romantic Movement. The Triumph of Conservatism: Austria and Russia. The Bourbon Restoration in France. Temporary Reaction in Great Britain.; title: The First Rifts in the Conservative System. 53. Industrialism, Liberalism, and Nationalism (1830-1848) : The Industrial Revolution. The Factory System. The English Reform Bill of 1832. Chartism and the Victorian Age. The French Revolution of 1830. Revolutionary Movements Outside France (1830). Rebirth in Italy. 54. The Revolutions of 1848 and the Second French Empire : Discontent in France Under the July Monarchy. The February Revolution and Its Sequel. The Germans Fail to Achieve Unity (1848-49). Austria Restores Her House to Order. Italy Remains in Bondage. Significance of the Upheavals of 1848-49. Napoleon III and the Second Empire. The Crimean War. 55. The Unification of Italy : The Lessons of 1848-49. Cavour Contrives. War with Austria. Garibaldi Marches. The Winning of Venice and Rome. The Roman Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century. 56. Formation of the German Empire : The Decade of Repression After 1848. The Expansion of German Industry. Prussia and the Advent of Bismarck.; title: The Austro-Prussian War. The North German Confederation. Opposition of France to German Unification. The Franco-Prussian War.; title: 57. Russia in the Nineteenth Century : The Aftermath of the Crimean War. The Emancipation of the Serfs. Other Reforms of Alexander II. Reaction in the Later Years of Alexander II. Anarchism, Nihilism, and Terrorism. Russification, Industrialism, and Agitation. Nicholas II and the Revolution of 1905. 58. The Lesser States of Europe : The Scandinavian Countries. The Netherlands, Belgium, and Switzerland. Spain and Portugal. The Crumbling Empire of the Sultan (1815-78). Section K : The New Industrialism and Imperialism (1871-1914) : 59. New Worlds Through Science and Industry : The March of Science. New Conceptions of Man's Place in Nature. The New Environment: The "Civilization of City Dwellers". Industrialized Society: Capital and Labor and the Riddle of Social Justice. The Industrialized State: Great-Power Competition and the New Imperialism. 60. Three Industrial States - Great Britain, France, and Germany : The March of Democracy in Great Britain (1867-1914).; title: Great Britain (1871-1914) : The Quest for Social justice. France (1871-1914): Consolidating the Bourgeois Republic. France (1871-1914): The Spread of Syndicalism and Socialism. The German Empire (1871-1914): Foundation and Expansion. The German Empire (1871-1914): Economic and Social Problems. 61. Competition for Colonies and Markets : The British Empire in 1871. British Acquisitions (1871-1914). French Colonial Enterprise. Italy Entertains Imperialistic Dreams. Germany Enters the Race for Colonies. Rivalries of the Great Powers in Africa. Rivalries of the Great Powers in Asia. 62. Outside Threats to European Ascendancy : The Physical Growth of the United States. Development of American Resources. The Impact of American Production on Europe. The American Empire. The Modernization of Japan and Its Significance. China: The Wakening Dragon. 63. The Growth of Alliances and the Armed Peace : The German Hegemony After 1871. The Triple Alliance. France Searches for Allies.; title: Anglo-German Rivalry. The Triple Entente. International Crises: Morocco. International Crises: The Balkans. The Growth of Armaments. Section L : World War 1 and the Search for Security (1914-1939) : 64. The First World War (1914-1918) : The Coming of the War. The War on Land (1914-17). The War on the Sea. The War on Land (1917-18). The Cost of the War. 65. 1919 - Uneasy Peace : Ideals and Realities. The Treaty of Versailles. The Settlement with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey. The Fate of the Fourteen Points. The League of Nations. 66. The United States Returns to Isolation : Foreign Policy After the War. A Decade of Prosperity (1919-29). The Great Depression in the United States. Roosevelt and the New Deal. Neutrality and Non-intervention. 67. Russia Becomes the U.S.S.R. : The March Revolution. The Bolsheviks in Power. The Doctrine and Program of the Russian Communists. The Structure of the Soviet Government. Economic Progress and the Five-Year Plan.; title: Foreign Relations of Russia after 1917. 68. Great Britain and France Remain Democracies : The British Economic Dilemma. British Political Parties After 1919. The Irish Free State. Egypt, Iraq, and Palestine. The Self-Governing Dominions. France : The Wounds of Four Years' Warfare. The Reparations Tangle. The Search for Security. French Power Wanes. 69. Italy and Germany Become Authoritarian States : Postwar Confusion in Italy. Benito Mussolini. The Corporate State. Effects of the Fascist Administration. The Fascist State and the Papacy. Organization of the German Republic. Economic Chaos and Recovery. Stresemann and the spirit of Conciliation. Hitler and the Spirit of Recalcitrance. The Totalitarian State. German Foreign Policy After 1932. 70. Asia Between Two World Wars : Japanese Imperialism. China Struggles for Unity and Sovereignty. The Sino-Japanese Conflict. India and Southeast Asia. Asia and Europe. 71. Two Decades of International Tension ( 1919- 1939) : Economic Imperialism.; title: The "Haves" and the "Have-nots". Collective Security. The Years of the Great Depression. The Failure of Collective Security. Aggression and Appeasement. Section M : The Second World War and After (Since 1939) : 72. The Second World War (1939-1945) : The Fall of Poland to the Fall of France (September, 1939 - June, 1940). The Battle of Britain. Global Strategy: Gibraltar to Singapore. The Battle of Russia. The American Achievement. The Liberation of Europe. The War in the Pacific. The Cost of the Second World War. 73. The United States and Its Global Commitments : The United Nations. United States Foreign Policy After 1945. "People-to-People Diplomacy". American Prosperity and the Cost of Defense. Internal Affairs. 74. The Soviet Union and Its European Satellites : Russian Recovery and Expansion. Soviet Achievements in Education, Science, and Technology. Soviet Rule After Half a Century. The Satellite States. 75.; title: Recuperation in Western Europe : Western Europe After the Second World War. The European Recovery Program. Movements Toward European Integration. 76. Transformations in Asia and Africa : The Background of the Anti-colonial Revolt. The People's Republic of China. India and Pakistan. Indochina and Indonesia. Japan, Korea, The Philippines. The Middle East. The Liberation of Africa. 77. Coexistence or Conflict : International Tension, 1945-60. International Tension After 1960. The Race Between Production and Starvation. The Population Explosion. 78. Western civilization in the Twentieth century : Science and Technology. Transition from Rural to Urban Life. Education for an age of Technology. Literature. Art and Architecture. Religion and Philosophy. Genealogical tables. A list of European rulers.