The History Of Detroit And Michigan
Subtitle: or, The metropolis illustrated : a chronological cyclopaedia of the past and present, including a full record of territorial days in Michigan, and the annals of Wayne County, Volume 1
Publisher: Silas Farmer & Co.
Published: 1889
Place of publication: Detroit, USA
Language: eng
Description: Volume 1 (Vol. 1 is a new ed. of the issue of 1882)
Table of contents: title: TABLE OF CONTENTS.; title: PART I. — LOCALITY.; title: CHAPTER I.; title: Detroit: Its Names, Location, and Surroundings. - An Old City. — Remarkable Facts. — Unique Records. — Indian Designations. — Their Meaning. — A Prophetic Name. — Later Names. — The Word Detroit. — Corporate Titles. — Location of City. — Boundaries. — Latitude and Longitude. — Relation to Other Cities. — Conformation of Ground. — Mrs. Jameson’s Description. — Present Appearance. — Adjacent Townships and Villages, — Hamtramck, Springwells, Grosse Pointe, Greenfield. 3-5; title: CHAPTER II.; title: The River, Islands, Wharves and Docks, Streams and Mills. — The River. — Original Scenery. — A Natural and National Boundary. — Length, Width, Depth, Character of Bottom. — Harbor. — Volume of Water. — Current. — Elevation above Sea. — Condition in Winter. — Ice Supply. — Absence of Danger. — Highest and Lowest Levels. — Causes of Rise and Fall. — Temperature. — Boating Facilities. — Excursions. — Names of Islands. — Origin of Names. — Curious Statements. — Wharves and Docks. — The River Line. — Improvement of River Front. — Early Docks. — Length of Docks. — Three Old Streams. — Courses and Names of Streams. — Accident on the Savoyard. — Bridges. — Fishing at Congress Street. — Transformations. — Old Mills. — Their Location. 6-10; title: CHAPTER III.; title: Soil and Products, Game, Grain, and Fruits. — Good Soil. — Different Strata. — Cadillac's Description. — Vast Prairies. — Rows of Trees. — Fruits. — Wild Animals. — Game Birds. — Large Buffaloes. — Native Woods. — Swans and Ducks. — An Indian’s Illustration. — Serene Skies. — A Desirable Place. — Weaving Buffalo Wool. — Numerous Wolves. — Wolf Scalps. — Pigeon Roosts. — Bear Visitors. — Migratory Game. — Song Birds. — Flowers. — Berries. — Wild Honey. — Maple Sugar. — Enormous Production, — Indian Mococks. — De Peyster’s ‘‘Sugar Makers.” — Early Harvests. — Indian Farmers. — Scarcity of Provisions. — Help from Montreal. — Bougainville’s Description. — Importance of Detroit. — A Thousand Bushels of Wheat Burned. — A Famine Imminent. — Two Dead Bodies on the Beach. — Continued Scarcity. — Clouds of Ducks. — Sportsmen Drowned. — Supplies from the King’s Stores. — Acreage under Cultivation. — Apples and Cider. — Pears and Poems. — Tiffin’s False Report. — Enormous Vegetables. — First Wagon-load of Flour. — Exporting Flour. — Tobacco to Baltimore. — Remarkable Fruits. — First Agricultural Society. — Fish and Fisheries. — Schoolcraft’s Eulogy. — The State Fish Hatchery. 11-16; title: CHAPTER IV.; title: Cadillac’s Grant. - French Farms or Private Claims. - Lands Covered by City. — Seigneurial Rights. — Cadillac’s Traditional Grant. — Its Limit. — His Claims. — Grounds of Claim. — His Concessions. — Conditions of his Grants. — Singular Requirements. — Grants within Stockade. — Aigremont’s Report. — Cadillac's Departure. — His Property. — Cadillac’s Claims Conceded. — Intrigues of Governor and Intendant. — The King’s Decree. — His Purpose Defeated. — Memorial of La Mothe, Jr. — The Maichen’s Deed. — A Vague Conveyance. — Misstatements. — The Facts Analyzed. — Illegalities of Commandants. — The Beauharnois Grants. — Their Order. — Explanation of Old Claims. — Grants by English Commandants. — Indian Deeds. — The French Farms. — Settlement of French Claims. — Doings and Reports of Commissioners. — Surveyors’ Blunders. — Careless Clerks. — Names of Commissioners. 17-23; title: CHAPTER V.; title: The Public Domain. — The Park Lots and the Ten-Thousand-Acre Tract. — The Governor and Judges’ Plan. — Land Boards. — The Common Field. — Co-operative Labor. — The Commons. — United States Property. — The Wilkins Letter. — Claim of Inhabitants. — Memorial to Congress. — Statements of Hull and Woodward. — Indignant Inhabitants. — Action of Governor and Judges. — Lots versus Pastures. — Renewed Complaints. — The Park Lots. — Location. — When Surveyed. — Ten-Thousand- Acre Tract. — Date of Survey. — Governor and Judges’ Plan. — Size of Ancient Lots. — Meeting under Pear Trees. — Woodward’s Persuasions. — Gentle’s Humorous Description. — Woodward’s Performances. — Discontent of People. — The Governor and Judges’ Regulations. — Prices of Lots. — Hull and Woodward Visit Washington. — The Act of 1806. — Convivial Legislators. — Mysterious Transactions. — Suspicion of Inhabitants. — Unnecessary Delays. — Bad Management. — Protests of People. — Plan of Division. — Classification of Inhabitants. — More Manoeuvring. — Liberal Constructions. — Donation Lots. — Room for Criticism. — Changes in Plans. — Changes in Numbers of Lots. — Woodward’s Letter to Madison. — The Book of Sections. — The Woodward Plan. — Its Advantages. — Washington the Model. — The Plan Inoperative. — Why Changed. — The Official Map. — Unlawful Powers. — Peculiar Management. — No Financial Report. — Remarkable Confidence. — A Unique History. — The Detroit Fund. — Secretaries of Land Board. — Termination of Trust — The Transfer of 1842. — Report of Hubbard and O’Flynn. — Old and New Lot Numbers. — Land Board Sessions of Common Council. 24-31; title: CHAPTER VI.; title: Maps of Detroit. — City Boundary at Different Periods. — Cass and Brush Farms. — Military Reserves. — Plans of 1749 and 1754. — The T. Smith Plan. — The J. O. Lewis Map. — Mullett’s Map. — Farmer’s Map. — Later City Maps. — Area of Town in 1802. — Extent of Governor and Judges’ Plan. — Changes in City Boundaries. — The Cass and Brush Farms. — Dates of Original Grants. — Improvements. — Desirable Locations. — Military Reserves. — A Powder Magazine in Exchange. — Laying out the Reserve. — Changes in Plan of 1807. 32-36; title: CHAPTER VII.; title: Public Surveys. — United States Land Office. — The King’s Surveyors. — First American Surveys. — Location of Office. — Names of Surveyor-Generals. — United States Land Office. — First Sales of Lands. — Prices. — Receipts from Public Lands. — Early Emigration. — Amazing Numbers. — Extensive Sales. — Extravagant Speculation. — Paper City Period. — Incidental Details. — Cruel Joke. — The Bubble Bursts. — Bounds of Land District. — Prices of Lands. — Original Patents. — Fees of Officers. — Names of Registers and Receivers. 37-38; title: CHAPTER VIII.; title: Deeds, Mortgages, and Titles. — Past and Present Prices of Lands. — Notarial Records. — Recording of Deeds and Mortgages. — Present System. — Abstracts of Title. — Derivation of Titles. — Evidences of Title. — Clouded Titles. — Record of Subdivisions. - Names of County Registers. — City Registers. — Incredible Prices. — Normal Values. — First Sale of Park Lots. — Prices Paid. — Cost of Various Tracts at Different Periods. 39-41; title: PART II. - HYGIENIC.; title: CHAPTER IX.; title: The Climate of Detroit. — Favorable Climate. — Bougainville’s Statement. — Weather Diaries. — Influence of River and Lakes. — Mean Temperature. — Characteristics of Winters. — Clear Atmosphere. — Unrivalled Firmament. — Delightful Autumns. — Equable Rains. — Weather Indications. — Course of Winds. — Exceptional Seasons. — Raining Ink. — Earthquake Shocks. — Ice Every Month. — Flowers in Winter. — Extensive Fires. — Dense Fogs. — Boats Running Every Month. — Continuous Sleighing. — Ryan’s Prophecies. — July Frosts. — April Snows. — Wind Storms, etc. 45-47; title: CHAPTER X.; title: Diseases. — Doctors. — Medical Societies. — Small Death Rate. — Reasons for. — The Usual Diseases. — Record of Deaths. — Fever and Ague. — Dr. Sappington’s Pills. — Epidemic in Army. — Hundreds Die. — The Cholera in 1832. — Instructions and Proclamations. — Vessels Ordered Away. — Cholera on the Henry Clay. — Sufferings of Troops. — Excitement at Detroit. — Mails Stopped at Ypsilanti. — Travelers Driven from Rochester. — Bridges Torn up. — Highways Blockaded. — Strange Inconsistency. — The Cholera in 1834. — Extensive Mortality. — Burning Pitch. — Burial Rites Shortened. — The Nurse Corps. — Father Kundig’s Work. — Mortality of 1849. — Council Regulations. — The Scourge in 1854. — Medicine Men. — Early French Surgeons. — Long Titles. — English Physicians. — Names of Former Physicians. — Medical Societies. — Dates of Organization. — Names of Officers. 48-51; title: CHAPTER XI.; title: Cemeteries. — Burials and Sextons. — County Coroners. — An Expressive Phrase. — Indian Burial Places. — Dalyells Grave. — An Iconoclastic Age. — Burial Grounds of Fort Shelby. — Removal of Remains— An Old Tombstone. — First Catholic Cemetery. — Transfer of Remains. — An Old Memorial. — Mt. Elliott Cemetery. — When Opened. — Number of Interments. — Number of Lots. — Cost of Grounds. — Management. — Trustees. — Hamtramck’s Grave. — Protestant Burying Ground. — Location. — How Disposed of. — First City Cemetery. — Its Division. — A Religious Convenience. — Cemetery Lane. — Second City Cemetery. — Location. — Management. — Later Uses. — Elmwood Cemetery. — History of Purchase. — Cost of Grounds. — The Chapel. — The Gateway. — Trustees. — Superintendents. — Woodmere Cemetery. — Location. — Significance of Name. — When Opened. — Names of Officers. — Regulations. — Jewish Cemeteries. — Location. — When Opened — Lutheran Cemetery. — How Controlled. — Officers. — Burials and Sextons. — Curious Customs. — City Sextons. — Duties. — Names of Sextons. — County Coroners. — Duties. — Names of Coroners. 52—58; title: CHAPTER XII.; title: Health Officers. — Drains and Sewers. — Scavengers. — First Board of Health. — Subsequent Boards. — Powers of. — Present Organization. — How Constituted. — Names of Members. — Regulations. — The Health Officer. — Sewers. — Experiments. — Private Ditches. — The Savoyard. — A Grand Sewer. — Lack of System. — Stupid Contractors. — Board of Sewer Commissioners. — Large Expenditures. — Regulations. — Size of Sewers. — Length and Cost of Sewers. — Names of Sewer Commissioners. — Scavengers and Duties. 59-61; title: CHAPTER XIII.; title: Water and Water Works. - Public Drinking Fountains. — Water Pure and Plentiful. — Walking the Plank. — Primitive Methods. — First Regulations. — Public Weils. — Water Peddlers. — Water Works Proposed. — Berthelet’s Pump. — Water Works Established. — Poor Arrangements. — Boring for Water. — Pumping by Steam. — Cass’s Speech. — Works Purchased by City. — Seeking Information. — Springs in Northville and Southfield. — Proposed Utilization of. — Progress of W'ater Works. — Various Reservoirs. — The Hamtramck Works. — Plan and Description of. — Analysis of Water. — Increased Size of Pipes. — Statistics by Decades. — Locations of Water Office. — Water Rates. — A Stern Advertisement. — Names of Assessors. — Collectors. — Engineers. — Commissioners. — Drinking Fountains. 62-72; title: CHAPTER XIV.; title: The Parks and the Boulevard. - Pastures and Pounds. — Judge Woodward’s Foresight. — The Grand Circus. - Former Marshes. — Improvements. — Removal of Fences. — Parks and Donors. — Location and Names. — Campus Martius. — Origin of Name. — A Place of Rendezvous. — Former Condition. — Present Appearance. — Superintendents of Parks. — The Park Question of 1870 and 1874. — Exciting Meetings. — Plans and Counter Plans. — Mayor Moffat in the Way. — Persistence and Resistance. — The Struggle Ended. — Belle Isle Park. — Wise Planning. — Favorable Opportunity. — Belle Isle Purchased. — Park Commissioners. — Improving the Park. — History of the Island. — Its Names. — The Boulevard. — Plans for. — Names of Commissioners. — Former Pastures. — Establishment of Pounds. — Regulations. — Names of Pound-Keepers. — Numerous Dogs. — Only Eight Left. — The Dog Pound. 73-80; title: PART III. — GOVERNMENTAL.; title: CHAPTER XV.; title: French and English Rule. — French Motives. — Political Ambition. — Religious Zeal. — Kings and Regents. — The Surrender. — Powers of Commandants. — List of French Governors. — English Regulations. — Creation of Upper and Lower Canada. — List of English Governors. 83-84; title: CHAPTER XVI.; title: Territorial and State Governments. — Virginias Claim. — Grounds of Claim. — Release of State Claims. — Creation of Northwest Territory. — Authorship of Ordinance of 1787. — Dane versus Cutler. — The Northwest Territorial Seal. — Description and Meaning. — Names of Territorial Officers. — Division of Territory. — Creation of State of Ohio. — Wayne County Delegates Excluded. — Detroit under Indiana Territory. — Extensive Jurisdiction. — Creation of Territory of Michigan. — Michigan Territorial Seal. — Increased Size of Territory. — First Delegate to Congress. — First Legislative Council. — Enlarged Boundary. — First State Constitutional Convention. — Delegates from Wayne County. — Convention Proposals. — Adoption of Constitution. — Territorial Officers. — State of Michigan. — Curtailment of Boundary. — Trouble with Ohio. — A New Convention. — Negative Decision. — Democratic Convention. — Congressional Provisions Accepted. — Formal Admission of State. — Event Celebrated. — The State Seal. — Second Constitutional Convention. — Delegates from Wayne County. — Differences between Constitutions of 1835 and 1850. — Third Constitutional Convention. — Constitutional Commission of 1873. — Capital Removed to Lansing. — Names of State Officers. 85-93; title: CHAPTER XVII.; title: Legislatures and Laws. — Legislatures under English Rule. — Place and Date of Sessions. — Legislature of Northwest Territory. — Places of Meeting. — A Linguistic Feat. — The General Assembly. — Cry of Fraud. — Names of Members. — Pliant Principles. — Forgiving Electors. — Mob at Chillicothe. — Detroit Pistols. — Indiana Territorial Assembly. - Proposed Members from Detroit. — Michigan Territorial Legislature. — Scarcity of Laws. — Sunday Sessions. — Places of Meeting. — Personal Difficulties. — Curious Legislation. — Morbid Fears. — Remarkable Enactments. — Names of Members and Secretaries. — Gentle’s Criticisms. — Suspicions of People. — Woodward’s Lame Defence. — Gentle Arrested for Libel. — Citizens Seek Redress. — Citizens Outwitted. — Alligative Laws. — Proposed Blue Laws. — Blasts and Counter Blasts. — Legislative Refreshments. — Witherell versus Woodward. — The Several Codes. — Petitions to Congress. — Facts and Grievances. — Relief Provided. — Joy of Citizens. — A Proper Prayer. — Members of Legislative Councils. — The Green Bay Council. — Compilations of Laws. — First State Legislature. — Last Session in Detroit. — Extra Sessions. — Number of Members. — Districts Including Wayne County. — Names of Senators and Representatives. 94-101; title: CHAPTER XVIII.; title: Presidential Electors, Cabinet Officers, and Members of Congress from Detroit. — - Presidential Visits to the City. — Constitutional Links. — Presidential Electors. — Michigan’s Choice. — Cabinet Officers from Michigan. — Territorial Delegates. — United States Senators. — Representative Districts. — Names of Representatives. — Pay of Congressmen. — Visits of Presidents and Vice-Presidents, — Harrison, Monroe, Johnson, Van Buren, Taylor. — Grant’s Residence in Detroit. — An Interview in Washington. — Visits of Fillmore, Pierce, Johnson and Hayes. — Garfield’s Visits to and Sermons in Detroit. 102-107; title: CHAPTER XIX.; title: Political Parties and Campaigns. — Elections. — The Political System. — Party Names and Methods. — Political Meetings. — Gaining Votes. — Novel Methods. — Interesting Campaigns. — Log Cabins and Hickory Halls. — Monster Whig Meetings. — Political Processions. — Democratic Barbecues. — Peculiar Resolutions. — Party Uniforms. — Bonfires. — Torch Bearers. — Union Political Meetings. — Visits of Noted Politicians. — First Territorial Elections. — Viva Voce Voting. — Arbitrary Proceedings. — Original Election Districts. — Remarkable Ballots. — Changes in Time of Election. — Changes in Qualifications of Voters. — The First State Election. — Humorous Incidents. — The Last Two-Day Election. — How Foreigners Become Voters. — Time of Election of Various Officers. — Colored Voters. — Woman Suffrage. — Remarkable Unanimity of Voters. — Local Issues. — Curious Coincidence. — Qualifications of Voters. — Registration. — Voting Precincts. — Preparations for Election. — Canvassing Votes. — Number of Voters in Various Years. 108-117; title: CHAPTER XX.; title: Wayne County: Its Establishment and Boundaries. — County of Illinois. — Kent County. — Wayne County. — Sargent’s Proclamation. — Sharp Correspondence. — St. Clair’s Dissatisfaction. — The County Name. — General Wayne’s Letter of Thanks. — Original Boundary. — Changes in Boundary. — Copies of Proclamations. 118-122; title: CHAPTER XXI.; title: County Officers and their Duties. — County Commissioners. — Early Finances. — Due Bills Issued. — Names of Commissioners. — Board of Supervisors. — Few Powers. — Valuations and Assessments. — Growth of City Representation. — County Auditors. — Importance of Office. — Powers and Duties. — Names of Auditors. — County Treasurer. — History of Office. — Names of Treasurers. — County Clerk. — History of Office. — Office Records. — Names of Clerks. — County Superintendent of Schools. — Names of Superintendents. — Drain Commissioners. — Duties and Names. — County Surveyors. — Duties and Names. 123-120; title: CHAPTER XXII.; title: The Townships of Wayne County. — Derivation of Township Names. — Township Officers. — First Townships. — Vague Boundaries. — First Systematic Divisions. — Date of Creation of Each Township. — Changes in Names and Boundaries. — Obsolete Names. — Boundaries in 1883. — Derivation of Names. — Township Officers. — Duties. — List of Township Supervisors. 127-132; title: CHAPTER XXIII.; title: The Early Government of Detroit. — Incorporation as a Town. — Rule of the Governor and Judges. — Revival of Local Government. — Governmental Genealogy. — Interesting Details. — Court of General Quarter Sessions. — First Town Corporation. — How Obtained. — Gratitude of Citizens. — First Town Officers. — Subsequent Elections and Appointments. — Rule of Governor and Judges. — An Anomalous Government. — Autocratic Methods. — Strange Doings. — Grasping Officials. — A Sham Charter. — Insulting Absurdities. — Governor and Judges still at the Helm. — Unaccountable Officials. - Revival of Local Government. — First City Charter. — Names of Trustees. 133—135; title: CHAPTER XXIV.; title: The Common Council or Board of Aldermen. — Board of Councilmen. — Ordinances. — Official Year. — City Seals. — Creation of Common Council. — Powers of. — Seeking Light. — Place and Time of Sessions. — Number of Members. — Quorum. — Rules. — Standing Committees. — Board of Aldermen. — Presidents of Board of Aldermen. — The City Council or Board of Councilmen. — Terms of Members. — Names of Councilmen. — Ordinances. — Official Year. — The Several City Seals. — Description of Seals. — Significance of Present Seal. 136-139; title: CHAPTER XXV.; title: Mayor. — City Clerk. — City Attorney. — City Counsellor. — City Historiographer. — Duties of each Office and Names of the Incumbents. — Creation of Office of Mayor. — Former Duties. — Present Powers. — Names of Mayors. — City Secretaries. — City Clerk. — Duties. — Office Records. — Names of Clerks. — City Attorney. — Duties and Names. — City Counsellor. — City Historiographer. — Names of Officers. — Object of Office. 140-141; title: CHAPTER XXVI.; title: Aldermen. — Their Duties and Names. — Office First Named. — Aldermen at Large. — First Ward Aldermen. — Aldermanic Courts. — Pay of Aldermen. — Names of Aldermen at Large. — Names of Aldermen by Wards and Years. 142-146; title: CHAPTER XXVII.; title: The Wards: Their Establishment and Boundaries. — Wards for Fire Districts. — First Division of City. - Date of Creation of Each Ward. — Changes in Boundaries. — Present Boundaries. 147-148; title: CHAPTER XXVIII.; title: French and English Taxation. — Territorial Taxes. — State and County Taxes. — City Taxation and Finances. — United States Taxes. — Taxes Payable in Wood. — Early Territorial Taxes. — Characteristic Letter. — Territorial Tax Gatherers. — Law of 1805. — An Old Tax Roll. — Territorial Licenses. — Investigation by Grand Jury. — Hull’s Wasteful Extravagance. — People without Remedy. — First Sale of Lands for County Taxes. — State and County Taxes. — How Apportioned. — When Payable. — Percentages. — Tax Sales. — Taxation Statistics by Decades. — First Town Tax. — The Detroit Fund. — Valuation of 1817. — Corporation Receipts and Expenditures in 1819. — Improvements of 1827. — The Congressional Gift. — Official Mismanagement. — Property Squandered. — Due Bills Issued. — Their Depreciation. — Sham Improvements. — City Wants $50. — Cannot Borrow. — The City Devours its Substance. — Death and Taxes. — Condition of City Finances. — Saving the Wreck. — Better Methods. — First Real Estate Tax. — First City Bonds. — More Shinplasters. — Watching a Trunkful. — Protest of the Butchers. — Display of Wisdom. — Shinplasters. — Chief Expenses by Decades. — Valuation by Decades. — Increasing Wealth. — Tax Per Capita by Decades. — Sinking Fund. — Receipts for Liquor Taxes. — Annual Tax Estimates. — How Prepared. — How Assessed. — When Due. — Increased Percentage. — Tax Sales. — Collection of Back Taxes. — Special Assessments. — Property Liable to Taxation. — List of Exemptions. — Changes in Fiscal Year. — The Treasurer’s Accounts. — Explanation of Financial Methods. — City Depository. — U. S. Revenue Taxes. — Stamped Paper. — Various Laws. — First Collection District. — Tax Rates. — Amount of Collections. — Names of Assessors and Collectors. 149-160; title: CHAPTER XXIX.; title: Citizens' Meeting. — Board of Estimates. — Auditors, Comptrollers, Accountants. — City and Ward Assessors. — Board of Review. — City and Ward Collectors. — City Treasurers. — Receivers of Taxes. — Citizens’ Meetings. — Tax Estimates. — Exciting Meetings. — Citizens’ Meetings Abolished. — Board of Estimates Created. — Powers of the Board. — Names of Members. — City Auditor and Duties. — Name Changed to Comptroller. — Names of Comptrollers. — City Accountant. — Duties. — Names of Accountants. — City and Ward Assessors. — Changes in Office. — Tampering with Rolls. — Names of Assessors. — Board of Review. — Duty of the Board. — Names of Members. — City and Ward Collectors. — Peculiar Official Notice. — Names of Collectors. — City Treasurer. — Duties of Office. — Names of Treasurers. — Receiver of Taxes. — Duties of Office. — Names of Receivers. 161-168; title: PART IV. - JUDICIAL.; title: CHAPTER XXX.; title: Justice in the Olden Time. — United States Circuit Court. — District Court. — United States Officers. — Bankruptcy Court. — Judicial Powers of Early Commandants. — Serious Complaints. — First Legal Provisions. — Patriarchal Commandants. — A Woman Hanged. — Trader Murdered by his Slaves. — Conflicts between Commandants and Governors. — The Office of Notary. — Complaint against Dejean. — His Acquittal. — The First Judges. — The Trial and Hanging of Coutincinau and Ann Wyley. — John Dodge’s Letter. — Hamilton’s Oppression of Dodge and Other Citizens. — A Detroit Dungeon. — Dejean as a Jailer. — Dodge’s Escape and Threatenings. — Hamilton Indicted. — His Appeal to Haldimand. — First Justices. — United States Circuit Court. — Bounds of Circuit at Different Periods. — Jurisdiction. — Place of Sessions. — Names of Judges and Clerks. — United States District Courts. — When First Held. — Selection of Jurors. — Names of Judges and Clerks. — United States Attorney. — Duties. — Names of Attorneys. — United States Marshal. — Powers. — Names of Marshals. — Commissioners for United States Courts. — Duties. — Names of Commissioners. — Masters in Chancery. — Duties and Names. — The First Bankruptcy Act. — The Second Bankruptcy Act. — Third Bankruptcy Act. — Bankruptcy Court. — Duties. — The Judge. 171-177; title: CHAPTER XXXI.; title: Supreme Courts of the Territory and the State. — Supreme Courts of Northwest Territory. — Legislative and Judicial Duties Combined. — Court Methods. — A Festive Occasion. — Names of the Judges. — Origin of a Name. — Supreme Court of Indiana Territory. — Names of Judges. — Supreme Court of Michigan Territory. — Jurisdiction. — Varied and Remarkable Powers. — Time and Place of Court Sessions. — Sessions at Midnight. — Sessions in the Small Hours of the Morning. — Barroom Sessions. — Sessions on a Wood-pile. — Bread and Meat in the Court Room. — Whiskey Offered the Judges. — Rules and Counter Rules. — Sessions with only a Judge Present. — Decisions not to Serve as Precedents. — Hanging under an ex-Post-Facto Law. — How a Lawyer Failed to Help His Client. — Branding and Execution of Indians. — The Execution of Simmons. — Woodward and His Eccentricities. — Legal Somersaults. — Peculiar Dress. — Sixteen Cups of Tea. — Literary Egotism. — Complaint of Grand Jury. — The Gazette Articles. — A Mockery of Justice. — The Case of the United States against British Officers. — Ludicrous Account of the Arrest and Trial. — Public Denunciation of Woodward. — Additional Eccentricities. — Congress Provides for Retirement of Judges. — New Judges appointed. — Names of Judges and Clerks. — Supreme Court of State. — Changes in Place of Sessions. — Time of Sessions. — Names of Judges. — Clerks and Reporters. 178-188; title: CHAPTER XXXII.; title: District Court. — Orphans’ Court. - Court of Quarter Sessions. — Court of Common Pleas. — Court of Chancery. — County Courts. — Circuit Courts. — District Criminal Court. - District Courts of Territory. — Jurisdiction. — Boundaries of District. — Court Appointments. — Session under a Green Bower. — Changes in Boundary of District and Jurisdiction. — Names of Justices. — Orphans’ Court. — Jurisdiction Transferred. — The Probate Court. — Obsolete Duties. — Judges and Registers. — Court of General Quarter Sessions. — Jurisdiction. — Names of Judges. — Prisoners Whipped. — Services Sold. — Court of Common Pleas. — Jurisdiction. — Names of Judges. — Court of Chancery. — Object of. — Names of Judges and Reporters. — Masters in Chancery. — Names of Appointees. — County Courts. — Jurisdiction. — Names of Judges and Clerks. — Circuit Courts. — History of Wayne Circuit. — Selection of Jurors. — Place of Sessions. — The County Building. — Names of Judges and Clerks. — District Criminal Court. — Object of. — Judges. 189-194; title: CHAPTER XXXIII.; title: Mayor’s Court. - Recorder’s Court. - Police Court. - Superior Court. - Commissioners. - Justices. Notaries. — Lawyers. — Detroit Bar Library. — Mayor’s Court. — Aldermanic Judges and Justices. — Fines Remitted. — Prisoners Working on Streets. — Recorder’s Court. — Original Duties of Recorders. — Names of Recorders. — Names of Judges and Clerks. — Police Court. — Jurisdiction. — Place of Sessions. — Police Justices and Clerks. — Superior Court. — Jurisdiction. — Judges and Clerks. — Commissioners of Bail. — Circuit Court Commissioners. — Powers. — Names of Commissioners. — Justices of the Peace. — Jurisdiction. — Names of Justices. — Notaries. — Powers. — Lawyers. — Admissions to Bar. — The Bar Association. — A Witty Retort. — The Bar Library. — Its Management. 195-200; title: CHAPTER XXXIV.; title: Morals. — City Marshals. — Police. — Sheriffs. — Prosecuting Attorneys. — Constables. — Reforms Needed. — Pontcharlrain’s Recommendations. — Difficulties in the Way. — No Sabbath. — Sunday Markets. — Their Discontinuance. — Blue Law Proceedings. — Higher Standards. — Remarkable Official Retribution. — The Ordeal of Fire. — Duties and Names of City Marshals. — The Earliest Police. — Night Watchmen. — Volunteer Watchmen. — Service not Sustained. — Midnight Refresh- ments. — Paid City Watch Asked for. — Opposition of Citizens’ Meeting. — The Merchants' Police. — First Police Commission. — Increasing Need of Police. — Riot of 1863. — Establishment of Metropolitan Commission. — Opposition to the Commission. — Winning its Way. — Additional Powers Granted. — Names of Commissioners. — Superintendents. — Secretaries. — Attorneys. — Physicians and Captains. — Salaries. — Qualifications of Policemen. — Regulations and Suggestions. — Special Po'icemen. — Bradford Smiths Work. — Mounted Police. — Number of Force. — Expenses. — Arrests. — Yearly Statements. — Police Stations. — Their Location, Date of Erection, and Cost. — Life and Health Fund. — Relief Society. — Sheriffs. — Duties. — Names of Sheriffs. — Prosecuting Attorneys. — Duties and Names. — Constables. — Duties and Names. 201-213; title: CHAPTER XXXV.; title: The Jails and the House of Correction. — Location of Jails. — New Jail Purchased. — Bills for New Pickets. — Insufficient Jails. — Jail Hired of James May. — Proposed Purchase. — Buildings Used as Jails. — Jail Erected by Governor and Judges. — An Unoccupied Jail. — Tearing down a Jail. — Erection of Clinton Street Jail. — Second Jail on Clinton Street. — Average Number of Prisoners. — Management. — A Prisoner’s Joke. — Detroit House of Correction. — Its Origin. — Mayor Hyde’s Efforts. — Brockway’s Suggestions. — Estimates Ordered. — Citizens’ Meeting Disapproves. — State Aid Sought. — Favorable Citizens’ Meeting. — Building Erected. — Organization. — Management. — Money Making. — Occupation of Prisoners. — Efforts for their Improvement. — Names of Superintendents and Inspectors. 214-218; title: PART V. - MILITARY.; title: CHAPTER XXXVI.; title: Forts and Defenses. — Pensions and Pension Agents. — Military Officers in Command at Detroit. — An Important Post. — Early Posts in Michigan. — First Fort at Detroit. — Condition at Different Periods. — Enlargements. — How Garrisoned. — Citizens Taxed for Repairs. — New Stockade and Citadel. — Erection of Fort Lernoult. — Why Built. — Description of. — Clark’s Hopes. — Fort Injured by Bad Weather. — Stockade Partially Removed. — Strength of Garrison. — Visits of Noted Officers. — Interesting Letters. — New Stockade. — F ort Shelby. — Successive Garrisons. — Arsenal Erected. — Flag-staff Blown down. — .Distinguished Arrivals. — The Fort Demolished. — Fort Wayne. — Location. — Cost. — Rebuilding. — Fort Croghan — Order for its Erection. — Its Location. — Object. — Becomes a Play-Ground. — Detroit Barracks. — Their Location. — Arsenal at Dearborn. — Early Pension Laws. — Pensioners Paid from Detroit. — Names of Pension Agents. — French Commandants. — Names. — Time of Service. — English Commandants. — Names. — Time of Service. — Anecdote of Colonel England. — American Commanding Officers at Forts and Barracks. — Districts and Departments Embracing Detroit. — Names of Commanding Generals. 221-230; title: CHAPTER XXXVII.; title: Early Indian Attacks. — The French and English, or Seven Years* War. — Indian Attack of 1703. — A Dog Makes Trouble. — Ottawas versus Miamis. — Shooting of Father del Halle. — A Month’s Siege. — Disaffection of the Miamis. — Cadillac Compels a Peace. — The Attack of 1712. — Du Buisson’s Defense. — Methods of Attack. — French Ingenuity. — The Foxes Defeated. — Immense Slaughter. — Indian Threatenings. — The French and English War. — Occasion of. — Scalp Money. Human Scalps as Merchandise. — Proposed Attack of 1747. — Exposure of the Plot. — The Fort Reinforced. — Unfriendly Indians to be put to Death. — Arrest of Indians. — Organization of Ohio Company. — Uneasiness of the French. — Taking Possession of the Ohio Valley. — Colonists Encouraged. — Washington’s Mission. — The Pittsburgh Fort. — Its Capture by the French. — Defeat of General Braddock. — Dishonest Officers. — French Activity. — The English Retake the Pittsburgh Fort. — Defeat of English by Party from Detroit. — New Defenses at Detroit. — Relief sent to Niagara. — Niagara Surrendered. — Troops and Provisions Accumulated at Detroit. — Quebec Captured. — Canada Surrendered to English. — Major Rogers Takes Possession of Detroit. — Sir Wm. Johnson Arrives. — His Treaty with Indians. 231-234; title: CHAPTER XXXVIII.; title: The Conspiracy of Pontiac. — Friendship of French and Indians. — Pontiac’s Project. — Preliminary Movements. — Council of Indians. — Preparations for Attack. — The Plot Revealed. — Gladwin’s Preparations. — Pontiac Surprised. — His Revenge. — The Killing of Sir Robert Davers. — The Indians Invest the Fort. — The First Victims. — Progress of the Siege. — Houses Destroyed. — Council with Indians. — Pontiac’s Treachery. — Attempts to Starve the Garrison. — Supplies from Niagara. — The Blacksmith’s Armory. — Supply Boats Captured by Indians. — Peace between French and English. — A Concert Given. — The Prayer Bell Rings. — Scarcity of Provisions. — Relief Arrives. — Bovine Reinforcements. — Pontiac Seeks French Aid. — The French Organized for Defense. — Farmers Seeking Refuge. — Indian Fire Crafts. — Indians Sue for Peace. — Arrival of Dalyell. — His Foolish Venture. — The Battle of Bloody Bridge. — Defeat and Disaster. — The Grave of Dalyell. — Arrival of Supplies. — A Letter from Gladwin. — Wilkins’ Relief Expedition. — Short Supplies at Detroit. — Troops Sent to Niagara. — Termination of Siege. — Festivities in the Fort. — Bradstreet’s Expedition. — Its Arrival at Detroit. — His Council with the Indians. — They Yield Allegiance. — Visit of Capt. Croghan. 235-241; title: CHAPTER XXXIX.; title: The Revolutionary War. — British and Indian Wars and First American Occupation of Detroit. — French and Spanish Intrigues. — Martial Law Proclaimed. — English Fears and Plans. — Lieutenant Governors Created. — Object and Powers of Office. — Misstatements Corrected. — Lieutenant Governors versus Commandants. — Governor Hay and His Troubles. — His Surname. — De Peyster’s Dislike. — Importance of Detroit. — Army Activities. — Inciting the Savages. — Distribution of Goods and Trinkets. — Equipment of War Parties. — Oppression of American Sympathizers. — Interesting Affidavits. — Loyalists at Detroit. — French Officers and Indian Companies. — Wholesale Employment of Savages. — A Barbarous Warfare. — Lord Suffolk’s Justification. — Chatham’s Scathing Reply. — Scalping Parties Go and Come. — Scalping Knives and Scalps Bought and Sold. — Singing War Songs. — Goods for the Indians. — Enormous Supplies. — An Official Estimate. — Long Headed Squaws. — Congressional Efforts with Indians. — Proposed Expedition against Detroit. — Foster's Expedition from Detroit. — A Song by Col. De Peyster. — More Expeditions from Detroit. — A Proclamation by Hamilton. — The Attack on Fort Henry. — Capture of Daniel Boone. — Detroit Forces at Wyoming. — Captain Bird and His Love Affair. — Simon Kenton as a Prisoner. — His Escape. — John Leeth’s Experiences. — Hamilton’s Expedition against Vincennes. — Col. Clark’s Counter Movement. — Col. Vigo’s Efficient Aid. — Clark Marching to Vincennes. — The Jovial Drummer. — Hamilton’s Surrender. — Supplies Captured. — Rejoicing at Detroit. — Hamilton and Other Officers in Virginia. — Jefferson Justifies Their Imprisonment. — Washington Favors Leniency. — Hamilton and Hay Paroled. — Character of Hamilton. — McIntosh’s Expedition against Detroit. — Brodhead’s Desires. — Information Sought from Zeisberger. — Clark’s Plans. — La Balm’s Expedition. — Immense Expenditures for Clark’s Forces. — Failure of Clark’s Expedition. — Washington’s Desire to Capture Detroit. — English Movements ’at Detroit. — Thousands of Savages Enlisted. — Bird’s Expedition. — Ruthless Massacre of White Settlers. — The Delaware Indians and Their Neutrality. — The Moravian Missionaries. — Their Removal to Detroit. — Williamson’s Expedition against the Delawares. — He Massacres the Christian Indians. — Col. Crawford's Expedition. — He is Defeated and Burned. — De Peyster Asks the Indians for “Live Meat.” — Return of War Parties to Detroit. — Counting the Scalps. — Keeping Tally of the Death Whoops. — Women and Children as Captives. — Humane Conduct of Certain Officers. — Proposed Surrender of Detroit. — Douglass's Report. — Negotiations to Obtain Possession of Detroit. — British Unwillingness to Surrender. — Indians Encouraged to Continue the War. — Defeat of Generals Harmer and St. Clair. — British Fort Erected on the Miami. — The McKee Letters. — General Wayne Defeats the English and Indians. — The Jay Treaty. — The Western Posts Yielded. — A Letter from General Washington. — Final Arrangements for Surrender. — The Date of English Departure. — Americans in Possession. — The Henley and Hamtramck Letters. — Testimony of Squire Reynolds. — Complete Settlement of the Question. — Girty and His Horse. — Visit of Boundary Line Commissioners. — French and Spanish Intrigues in Detroit and the West. — Powers’ Mission to General Wilkinson. — Wilkinson’s Suspicious Conduct. 242-271; title: CHAPTER XL.; title: Indian Wars from 1790 to 1812. — Impertinence and Inhumanity of English Officers. — Unrest at Detroit. — Preparations for Defense. — British Presents to the Indians. — Harrison Defeats Indians at Tippecanoe. — Citizens of Detroit Ask Congress for Troops. 272-273; title: CHAPTER XLI.; title: The War of 1812. — The Right of Search. — Attack on the Chesapeake. — War Declared. — Militia Called for. — British Activity. — Mustering of Detroit Militia. — Army Gathered at Dayton. — General Hull Takes Command. — Hull’s Baggage and Muster Rolls Captured. — Hull’s Army Arrives at Springwells. — Cass’s Mission to Malden. — The Army Cross to Sandwich. — Proclamation to Canadians. — Various Detachments Sent out. — Captain Brush Arrives at the Raisin. — Defeat of Van Horn's Escort. — The Army Returns to Detroit. — Miller Sent to Relief of Brush. — Defeat of British and Indians. — McArthur Seeks to Aid Miller. — Miller Ordered back to Detroit. — The British Erect Batteries. — Further Efforts to Relieve Brush. — Brock Demands Surrender of Detroit. — Hull’s Reply. — Cutting down a Pear Tree. — Detroit Bombarded. — Incidents of the Cannonade. — The British Cross to Springwells. — Colonel Anderson’s Opportunity. — The Fort Surrendered. — Disgust of the Militia. — Amount of Stores Surrendered. — Removal of Stores. — Captain Elliott Catches a Tartar. — Was Hull a Traitor? — Strange Stories. — Mrs. Dodemead’s Joke. — Plans for Recapture of Detroit. — Battle of Frenchtown. — Winchester’s Defeat. — Wounded Americans Killed. Scalped, and Burned. — Gathering the Remains. — Ransoming of Prisoners. — Womanly Sympathy. — Proctor’s Inhumanity. — American Citizens Ordered to Leave. — Their Protest. — Great Mortality among Indians. — Indian Outrages. — Indian Captives. — Her Mother’s Scalp. — American Troops Marching to Detroit. — Provisional Methods. — Harrison’s Message to Major Croghan. — Croghan’s Singular Reply. — His Arrest and Explanation. — His Defense of Fort Stevenson. — Perry's Victory. — Proctor Leaves Detroit. — The Old Flag. — Christening of Fort Shelby. — Battle of the Thames. — Sheriffs and Auctioneers Appointed for Canada. — Troops Decimated by Disease. — Pits instead of Coffins. — An Ingenious Ruse. — Expedition against Fort Talbot. — Expedition against Mackinaw. — Indian Depredations at Detroit. — The Killing of McMillan. — A Volunteer Expedition. — McArthur’s Riflemen Arrive. — Insolence of British Officials. — Date of Reoccupation. — Plentiful and Positive Testimony. — A Question Settled. — Distress after the War. — President Madison’s Letter to Congress. — Relief Afforded by Government. 274-288; title: CHAPTER XLII.; title: The Surrender of Detroit. — An Analysis and Review of “Hull’s Trial,” “Hull’s Memoirs,” and “Dearborn’s Defense.” — Trial of General Hull. — His Case Considered. — Efforts in his Behalf. — His Denunciations. — Relatives as Defenders. — General Dearborn’s Defense. — Candor of Mr. Lossing. — Hull’s Ingratitude. — His Discreditable Administration. — His Vituperation and Accusations. — Dishonesty of his Statements. — Specimen Stultifications. — Base Insinuations of Certain Defenders. — His Memoirs. — Misrepresentations. — Inconsistent and Reckless Statements. — The Real Issue. — Opinions versus Facts. — Simplicity as an Excuse for Carelessness. — Specimen Pettifoggery. — Pathetic Nonsense. — A Coward’s Reason. — Afterthought Excuses. — A Fatal Ana- chronism. — A Wonderful Surplus. — Remarkable Effrontery. — Clarke's Absurd Argument. — Half Truths. — Letters from John Quincy Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Governor Cass. 289-298; title: CHAPTER XLIII.; title: The Black Hawk War. — Toledo War. — Patriot War. — Mexican War. — Cause of Black Hawk War. — Troops from Michigan. — Departure of Guards and Dragoons. — The Return to Detroit. — Arrival of U. S. Troops. — Black Hawk in Detroit. — The Toledo War. — Cause of. — Laws and Counter Laws. — Militia on the March. — The Sheriff and his Posse. — Boundary Line Skirmish. — Arrests in Toledo. — Michigan Militia at Toledo. — A Midnight Court. — Judges on the Run. — Governor Mason Superseded. — Return of Troops. — Humorous War Song. — Impromptu Celebration. — Prisoners Released. — Governor Horner’s Reason. — Ohio Victorious. — The Patriot War. — Dissatisfied Canadians. — Events at Buffalo. — Refugees at Detroit. — Hunters’ Lodges. — Patriot Sympathizers. — Stolen Arms. — Governor Mason’s Expedition. — Sutherland’s Forces. — Capture of Theller. — Arrival of U. S. Troops. — Activity of Brady Guards. — The Patriots Cannonaded. — Excitement at Detroit. — Patriot Camp near Bloody Run. — General Brady Disperses Patriots. — Patriots Attack Windsor. — Their Defeat. — Theller’s Escape and Trial. — Quiet Restored. — The Mexican War. — Troops from Detroit. — General Scott’s Commendation. — Premature Celebration. — Victory of Palo Alto. — Captain Taylor’s Joy. — Officers of the Michigan Troops. — Return of the Troops. — State Expenses for Troops. 299-304; title: CHAPTER XLIV.; title: The War with the South. — The Irrepressible Conflict. — The Hero of Fort Sumter. — War Begins. — Union Meetings. — Equipping the First Infantry. — Individual Loans. — The Oath of Allegiance. — Flag Raisings. — War Meetings. — Mustering of First and Second Regiments. — The Camp of Instruction. — More Regiments Raised. — Union Political Convention. — Camp Backus Established. — Celebration of Victories. — Passports to Canada. — Return of General Willcox. — Ward Drills. — Departure of Regiments. — Riot of 1 863. — Gettysburg and Vicksburg. — Comforts for the Soldiers. — Return of Regiments. — Burley and his Plot. — Other Rebel Plots. — The City to be Burned. — Victory at Richmond. — News of Lincoln’s Death. — Bagley’s Eulogy. — The Funeral Procession. — Entertaining Returning Troops. — Old Battle Flags. — Number of Soldiers and Losses. — Relief Organizations. — Officers. — Synopsis of Work. — Relief and Bounty Funds. — How Apportioned. — Total Amounts Expended. — Soldiers’ Monument. — Organization of Association. — Raising the Funds. — Names of Officers. — Description of Monument. 305-312; title: CHAPTER LXV.; title: Militia and Military Companies. — First Regulations. — Uniforms Unnecessary. — Parades at Detroit. — Hull's Martinetism. — A Peculiar Law. — Militia Officers. — Absurd Regulations. — Gorgeous Uniforms. — The Governor’s Clothing Store. — Dissatisfaction of Inhabitants. — Uniforms Must be Procured. — Gentle’s Description of Military Doings. — An Awkward Captain and His Awkward Squad. — Trouble between Hull and Griswold. — Military Courts. — Amusing Excuses. — Military Companies. — Date of Organization. — Officers and Incidents. 313-318; title: PART VI. — SOCIAL.; title: CHAPTER XLVI.; title: Original Inhabitants of Detroit. — Indian Agents. — Early Visitors. — First Inhabitants. — Various Theories. — Probable Order of Occupation. — Humboldt’s Opinion. — Indian Mounds. — Examinations. — Contents. — Probable Object. — Names of Tribes. — Cannibals. — Location of Villages. — Indian Dress. — Amusements. — Habitations. — Occupations. — Origin of Indian Names. — The Council Fire. — Visits of Noted Indians. — Methods and Requests. — Stephenson’s Metaphor. — English Gifts. — American Largess. — Indian Dandies. — Quaint Designations. — Indian Agents. — Indian Treaties. — First White Visitors. — Remarkable Journeys. — Champlain and Detroit. — Marquette. — Joliet. — Galinee. — La Salle and the Griffon. — Tonty and La Forest. — La Hontan. — Charlevoix. 321-325; title: CHAPTER XLVII.; title: Biography of Cadillac. — The Founding and Growth of Detroit. — Manners and Customs. — Marriage Laws. — Masonic and Odd Fellows’ Societies. — Cadillac’s Real Name. — Date and Place of Birth. — When Baptized. — His Father’s History. — Other Relatives. — His Signature. — Careless Recording. — The Family Name. — Proofs of Identity. — His Early Life. — Rare Abilities. — Determined Character. — A Cosmopolite. — His Marriage. — Residence in Acadia. — His Wife’s Devotion. — Her Courage. — Names of their Children. — History of Children. — His Wife’s Last Home. — The Mt Desert Grant. — The Gregoires. — Their Burial Place. — Cadillac’s Position. — Governmental Esteem. — Appointed to Mackinaw. — His Return to Quebec. — Desires to Found Detroit. — Date of Leaving Detroit. — Appointed Governor of Louisiana. — Arrival at Mobile. — His Activity. — Jealousy of Associates. — Later Misrepresentations. — Appointed Governor of Castelsarrasin. — His Death and Burial. — The Founding of Detroit. — Cadillac’s Plans. — Obstacles in the Way. — Cadillac at Quebec. — Going West. — Beauchene’s Narrative. — Birthday of Detroit. — Indian Councils. — Opposition to Colony. — Vaudreuil Neglects Orders. — Intrigues at Trading Company. — Statement of Cadillac’s Son. — Boldness of First Settlers. — Royal Blood. — St. Anne's Records. — First Birth, Marriage and Death. — Growth of Population. — Arrival of Prominent Families. — Encouragement to Settlers. — Increasing Prosperity. — Acadians at Detroit. — English Census Reports. — First American Settlers. — Bostonians. — Poetical Praises. — Potent Maps. — Thousands of NewComers. — Emigration Song. — Arrival of Various Nationalities. — Interesting Facts. — An Obsolete Opinion. — Census by Decades. — Percent of Increase. — Number of Families. — Percent- age of Children. — Population Possibilities. — Old Time Manners. — Rough Voyages. — Nick-names. — Styles of Dress. — A Sonnet on a Bonnet. — Subjects of Thought. — Provisions. — Domestic Animals. — Sugar and Fish Scales. — A Delicious Drink. — Governor Cass’s Testimony. — Employments of First Settlers. — Unscientific Farmers. — Gentlemen by Occupation. — A Conservative Atmosphere. — A Place to Enjoy Life. — Characteristics of People. — Personal Appearance. — Early Social Advantages. — Old School Hospitality. — Pertinent Testimony. — Noticeable Social Event. — Banquet to C. C. Trowbridge. — New Year’s Calls. — Social Societies. — The Detroit Club. — Marriage Laws. — Indian Wives. — Importation of Young Ladies. — Wedding Festivities. — A Bride with a Doll. — Territorial Marriage Laws. — Later Regulations. — Masonic and Odd Fellows’ Societies. — Date of Institution of Lodges. — Incidents. — Places of Meetings. 326-343; title: CHAPTER XLVIII.; title: Slavery and the Colored Race. — First Slaves. — Indian Servants. — Orders for Slaves. — Prices of Slaves. — Peculiar Expressions. — Slavery Prohibited. — Efforts to Repeal Prohibition. — John Randolph Opposes. — Colored Militia. — Taxes on Slave Property. — Gradual Extinction of Slavery. — Unfriendly Laws. — Kidnapping Slaves. — Riot of 1833. — Escape of Blackburn. — Excitement at Detroit. — Troops from Fort Gratiot. — Anti-Slavery Society. — Officers of Society. — The Liberty Association. — Fugitive Slave Loan. — Arrest of Rose. — Underground Railroad. — Frequent Arrivals. — Humorous Handbill. — Anti-Slavery Sentiment. — John Brown in Detroit. — The Harper’s Ferry Raid. — Celebration of Emancipation. — The Riot of 1863. — Faulkner’s Arrest and Trial. — A Disgraceful Mob. — Houses Fired. — Colored People Beaten and Killed. — Sequel to Faulkner Case. — Colored People Ask for Citizenship. — Citizenship Bestowed. 344-348; title: CHAPTER XLIX.; title: Recreations and Amusements. — Sporting Facilities. — Skilful Maidens. — Natural Gayety. — Sunday Amusements. — Foot Racing. — The French Champion. — Sir Wm. Johnson’s Visit. — Miss Curie’s Conquest. — Old Time Civilities. — The Grosse Pointe Road. — Dancing all Night. — Compliments by Mail. — Lady Musicians. — War and Merriment. — Miss Powell’s Visit. — Lord Edward Fitzgerald. — Picnic on Belle Isle. — Racing on the Ice. — Winter Picnics. — Michigan against North America. — Characteristic Challenge. — Woodbridge Grove. — Old Time Rambles. — Children’s Games. — Obsolete Laws. — McKinstry’s Enterprise. — Sports at Michigan Garden. — Description of Garden. — First Museum. — The Higgins’ Collection. — Doctor Cavalli’s Museum. — Coasting on Piety Hill. — Early Skating Rinks. — Recreation Park. — The Zoological Garden. — Foot Ball on Jefferson Avenue. — Billiard Tables. — Noted Matches. — Novel Entertainments. — Authors’ Carnival. — Roller Skates and Velocipedes. — City License Fees. — The Tum-Verein. — The Cricket Club. — Gymnasiums. — Shooting and Fishing Clubs. — Boat Clubs and Regattas. 349-353; title: CHAPTER L.; title: Music and the Drama. - Art, Artists, and Inventors. — Nature’s Vocalists. — Fifes and Fiddles. — Parish Choristers. — Hot Flip and Songs. — Primitive Halls. — Local Vocalists. — Visits of Noted Singers. — Former Teachers. — Musical Organizations. — Harmonie Society. — Musical Association. — Detroit Philharmonic. — Concordia Society. — Nicolai Philharmonic. — Detroit Musical. — Chorus Union. — Orpheus Musical. — Arion Glee Club. — Schumann Society. — Saengerbund Meetings. — First Piano and Organ. — Detroit Composers. — Successful Compositions. — Leaders of Brass Bands. — Lincolns Opinion of Kern. — Gideon’s Band. — Recent Bands. — Military Theatricals. — Location of Theatres. — Visits of Noted Actors. — Bronson Howard and His Plays. — Art, Artists, and Inventors. — Works of Randolph Rogers. — Stanley’s Paintings. Portraits by Bradish. — Fine Art Exhibitions. — Works by Local Artists. — Exhibition of Noted Paintings, — Dunlap’s “Bearing the Cross," “Calvary," and “Christ Rejected." — West's “Christ Healing the Sick." — Peale’s “Court of Death." — Rossiter’s “Return of the Dove" and “Miriam." — Dubufe’s “Adam and Eve." — Powers's "Greek Slave." — Photographic Work. — The Art Loan. — Local Artists. — Museum of Art. — Subscriptions towards Site. — Gift of J. E. Scripps. — Detroit Inventions. — Burt's Solar Compass. — Edison’s Early Visits. — An Omnivorous Reader. — Van de Poele’s Light. — Felix Meier’s Clock. — Smith’s Automatic Clock. — Brown’s Gold Pens. — Day’s Snow Plow, — Wilder's Propeller Wheel. — Davis’s Refrigerators. — Flower’s Double-Faced Valves. 354-364; title: PART VII. — ARCHITECTURAL.; title: CHAPTER LI.; title: Houses and Homes. — Stores and Business Buildings. — House and Store Numbers. — Lighting and Heating. — Log Houses. — Birch-Bark Roofs. — Acadian Simplicity. — Buildings Multiplying. — Stone Quarries. — Interesting Discovery. — Original Cellar Kitchen. — The River Front. — Picture of Special Interest. — A Street View in 1 800. — The Cass House. — Judge Campbell’s “ Cassina.” — Moran and Lafferty Houses. — First Brick Residence. — Various Occupants. — The Campau House. — A French House. — Growth of City. — Recent Statistics. — Noted House Moving. — Gravel and Slate Roofs. — Brick Rows. — Effects of Street Cars. — Increase of Elaboration. — Residence Streets. — Lawns and Shade Trees. — Remarkable Facts. — Business Corners. — Former Designations. — First Brick Stores. — A Prize Conundrum. — Introduction of Plate Glass. — Office Buildings. — Names of Business Blocks. — Location and Date of Erection. — House and Store Numbers. — Primitive Fire Kindlers. — First Matches. — Bayberry Candles. — Tallow Dips. — Burning Fluid. — Coal Oil-Electric Lights. — Street Lighting. — Gas Inspectors. — Keeping Warm. — Stove Renting. — Coal Introduced. — Increased Use. — First Steam Heating. — Steam Supply Company. — Boiler Inspection. 367-478; title: CHAPTER LII.; title: Council Houses. — Court House or Capitol. — City Halls. — Opera Houses and Public Halls. - Council Houses. — Locations. — Indian Council House. — When Built. — Governor Cass's Testimony. — Woodworth’s Statement. — Various Occupants. — City Council House. — A Moving History. — The Court House. — Changes and Delays. — A Mistake Somewhere. — Peculiar Contract. — Laying of Corner-Stone. — Dinner by Contractor. — Completion of Capitol. — An Appropriate Address. — Scrip for Contractors. — The Cupola. — A Favorite Lookout. — Old City Hall. — Selection of Site. — Erection of Building. — Campus Martius Lime Kiln. — Completion of Building. — Entertainments in. — Building Vacated and Demolished. — New City Hall. — The Site. — Description of Building. — View from Tower. — The Clock. — Old Cannons. — The Hubbard Statues, — Cadillac, La Salle, Marquette, and Richard. — Early Public Halls. — The Old Session Room. — Old Young Men’s Hall. — Firemen’s Hall. — Merrill Hall. — Young Men’s Hall. — Arbeiter Hall. — St. Andrew’s Hall. — Detroit Opera House. — Whitney’s Opera House. — Harmonie Hall. — Former Music Hall. — Other Public Halls. — Building Inspectors. 472-479; title: CHAPTER LIII.; title: Old Taverns and New Hotels. — The Dodemead House. — Smyth’s Hotel. — Sagina Hotel — Woodworth’s Hotel. — Uncle Ben. — The Long Room. — American or Wales Hotel. — Harriet Martineau’s Description. — The First Mansion House. — Everything by T urns. — Prominent Landmark. — Attractive Resort. — Yankee Boarding-House. — Franklin House. — Eagle Hotel. — Cliff’s Tavern. — New York and Ohio House. — Michigan Exchange. — The National. — Russell House. — St. Joseph House. — Detroit Cottage — Andrew’s Railroad Hotel. — Second Mansion House. — United States Hotel. — Central Railroad House. — Coyl House. — Commercial Hotel. — Indiana House. — Western Hotel. — Grand River House. — Goodman House. — Northern Hotel. — Perkins Hotel. — Johnson’s Hotel. — Bagg’s Hotel. — Buena Vista House. — Biddle House. — City Hotel. — American Temperance House. — Grand Circus Hotel. — Merchants’ Exchange. — Peninsular Hotel. — Blindbury’s Hotel. — Antisdel House. — Garrison House. — St. Charles Hotel. — Tremont House. — Revere House. — Leland House. — The Madison. — Waverly House. — Howard or Griswold House. — Lamed House. — Railroad Exchange. — Finney House. — Brighton House. — Hotel Erichson. — Eisenlord House. — Hotel Henry. — Hotel Renaud. — Goffmet or Bernard House. — The Brunswick. - Standish House. — Rice’s Hotel. — The Kirkwood. — Dates of Opening. — Names of Proprietors, etc, 480-488; title: CHAPTER LIV.; title: Important Fires. — Fire Marshal. — Fire Limits. — Chimney Sweeps. — Notable Fires. — Dates and Incidents. — Fire of 1703. — Indian Incendiaries. — Cadillac Injured. — Fire of 1712. — Buildings Demolished. — The Fire of 1805. — Resultant Changes. — Premonitions. — The Laborer’s Pipe. — Old Fire Pump. — The Hatter’s Vat. — Inhabitants in Double Line. — Excited People. — Loading the Boats. — The Town Destroyed. — Houses outside the Stockade. — Dilhet’s Account. — Majestic and Frightful Sight. — Crippled Child. — Munroe’s Letter to Harrison. — Well-Baked Bread. — Hull's Accommodations. — Gathering Building Materials. — Horrible Suspicion. — Strange Proclamation. — Relief Contributions. — How Disposed of. — Later Conflagrations. — Dates. — Locations. — Owners of Property. — Fire Commission Records. — Yearly List of Fires and Losses. — Fire Marshal. — History of Office. — Duties and Names of Marshals. — Fire Limits. — Changes in Limits. — Chimney Sweeps. — Time’s Changes. 489-500; title: CHAPTER LV.; title: The Old Fire Department. — The Steam Fire Department. — The Fire Department Society. — The Swab Brigade. — Furs as Extinguishers. — Engine of 1798. — Sweeping the Chimneys. — Fire Bags. — Keg and Bucket Safeguards. — Roof Ladders. — Bucket Line. — Trustee’s Orders. — Disobedience Fined. — A Widow’s Wit. — Morbid Fears. — Town Inspectors. — Suburban Inspectors. — Battering Rams. — Axemen. — Battering-men. — Firemen. — Missing Hooks and Rams. — Information Sought. — Fire Engines Wanted. — Proposed Lottery. — Sunrise Practice. — Shouldering Tubs. — Unwilling Citizens. — Broken Resolutions. — Engine-House Site Wanted. — Watchmans Cry. — Candles in Windows. — Noise and Terror. — Arrival of No. 1. — Lazy Citizens. — Triangular Bell Wanted. — No. 2 Organized. — First Review Day. — Reservoir on Wheels. — Underground Reservoirs. — First Hose Company. — No. 3 Organized. — Engine House for No. 2. — New Fire Ordinance. — Wands for Officers. — Caps and Trumpets. — Fire Buckets for Houses. — Fire Wardens and Duties. — Tolling the Bells. — The Steeple Watch. — Districting the City. — No. 4 Organized. — Heroic Firemen. — Coats Burned Off. — A Poor Corporation. — Singular Resolution. — No. 5 Organized. — Visiting Firemen. — More Companies Organized. — Annual Parades. — Gay Decorations. — Well-Dressed Firemen. — Highest Water. — Broom Carrying. — False Alarms. — Jealousies. — Political Influence. — Firemen’s Balls. — Daring Deeds. — Starting for a Fire. — Rival Companies. — Successful Tricks. — Exciting Scenes. — Washed Out. — Night Refreshments. — Newspaper Thanks. — Firemen’s Songs. — Company Mottoes. — Department in 1851. — Engine-House Furnishings. — The First Stream. — Increase of Rivalry. — Costly Jealousies. — Sidewalk Ordinance. — Displeased Firemen. — Disbanding Companies. — Old Citizens to the Rescue. — New Companies Organized. — The Firemen’s Dog. — Unworthy Firemen. — First Trial of Steamers. — Volunteer Companies Disband. — The Old Machine and Hose. — Characteristic Song. — First Steamers Ordered. — Paid Companies Provided for. — First Fire- Alarm Telegraph. — Chief Engineers of Volunteer Department. — Steam Fire Department Created. — Military Management. — Full and Careful Reports. — Department Expenses and Inventories. — Engine Houses. — Steamers. — Hose Carriages. — Automatic Conveniences. — Chemical Engines. — A Protective Company. — New Fire-Alarm Telegraph. — Its Construction. — How Operated. — The Box Alarms. — How Given. — Hydrants and Reservoirs. — Organization of Commission. — Names of Commissioners. — Secretaries. — Engineers. — Surgeons. — The Firemen. — A Creditable Force. — Firemen’s Association. — Fire Department Society. — Organization. — Objects. — Membership Fees. — Firemen’s Hall. — Description of. — Van Dyke’s Services. — Appreciative Testimonial. — Cemetery Lot and Monument. — Improvement of Hall. — Management of Society. — Legislative Provisions. — Names of Presidents and Secretaries. 501-523; title: PART VIII. — RELIGIOUS.; title: CHAPTER LVI.; title: Roman Catholic Missionaries and Priests. — Churches. — Bishops and Dioceses. — The Catholic Union. — Catholic Pioneers. — Jesuit Visitors. — Tireless Zeal. — Great Ability. — Priestly Explorers. — A Religious Settlement. — First Chapel. — Valliant and Del Halle. — Cadillac’s Preferences. — Franciscans Hold the Fort. — Burning of Chapel. — St. Anne’s Records. — Carefully Preserved. — Authenticity Attested. — Interesting Extracts. — The First Entry. — Del Halle’s Death and Burial. — Frequent Removal of Remains. — Extracts from Records. — New Church Erected. — The Church Burned. — Visit of Charlevoix. — Arrival of Bonaventure. — Completion of New Church. — Crespel’s Narrative. — Richardie’s Huron Mission. — Pothier and Sallenauve. — Death of Pothier. — Visit of Bishop Pontbriand. — Riverside Chapels. — The Red Chapel. — Rogation Exercises. — Services During Pontiac War. — Trustees and Pew Rents. — Arrival of Father Richard. — Universal Esteem. — Richard’s Loyalty. — His Election to Congress. — Death and Burial. — Memorial Window. — Church Burned in 1805. — Services after the Fire. — Church Troubles. — Bishop Flaget’s Interdict. — His Arrival. — Difficulties Settled. — Great Rejoicings. — Departure of Bishop Flaget. — The Melcher Farm Church. — Incorporation of St. Anne’s. — The First Trustees. — The Church Property. — When Obtained. — The Consideration. — An Unverified Tradition. — The Building of St. Anne’s. — Father Richard’s Advertisement. — Counterfeit Shinplasters. — Steeple on Fire. — A Sleepy Prophecy. — Original Appearance of Church. — Customs of the Past. — Curious Official Letter. — A Peculiar Advertisement. — Church Processions. — A V aluable Bequest. — Priest’s House. — Capacity of Church. — Bounds of Parish. — Names of Priests. — Date of Service. — Holy Trinity Church. — First Building. — Its Removal. — New Building. — Cost. — Seating Capacity. — Average Attendance. — Value of Property. — Yearly Expenses. — The Mamie Disaster. — Memorial Tablet. — Bounds of Parish. — Names of Priests. — Terms of Service. — St. Mary’s Church. — First Services in German. — Erection of Building, — Size. — Number of Sittings. — Value of Property. — Names of Priests. — Time of Service. — Franciscan Residence. — Boundaries of Parish. — The New Church. — SS. Peter and Paul Church. — Consecration Services. — Size and Cost of Building. — Mrs. Keveny’s Gift. Value of Property. — Names of Priests. — Terms of Service. — Bounds of Parish. — St. Joseph’s Church. — Original Location. — First Building. — Priest's Residence. — New Church. — Capacity. — Value of Property. — Church Beneficial Society. — Bounds of Parish. — Names of Priests. — Terms of Service. — St. Anthony’s Church. — Location. — Cost. — When Completed.- — Capacity. — Names of Priests. — Terms of Service. — St. Patrick's Church. — Location. — When Completed. — Cost. — Date of Enlargement. — Priest’s House. — Value of Property. — Names of Priests. — Terms of Service. — Bounds of Parish. — St. Vincent de Paul Church. — Location. — When Consecrated. — Cost. — Capacity. — Priest’s House. — Value of Property. — Bounds of Parish. — Priests and Terms of Service. — Our Lady of Help Church. — Location. — When Consecrated. — Cost. — Capacity. — Value of Property. — Bounds of Parish. — Priests and Terms. — St. Boniface Church. — When Organized. — Services in School Building. — Priest’s House. — Names of Priests. — Bounds of Parish. — Church Erected. — Date of Consecration. — Value. — St. Albert’s Church. — Location. — Date of Consecration. — Cost of Church. — Capacity. — Bounds of Parish. — Names and Terms of Priests. — New Church Building. — St. Aloysius Church. — Location. — Purchase. — Purchase of Buildings. — Improvements. — Capacity. — Bounds of Parish. — Services of Father Van Dyke. — Value of Property. — St. Joachim s Church. — Original Name. — Location. — Cost. — Bounds of Parish. — Value of Property. — Name of Priest. — Church of the Sacred Heart. — Location. — Cost. — Capacity. — Average Attendance. — Names and Terms of Priests. — Bounds of Parish. — Value of Property. — St. Wenceslaus Church. — Location. — Cost. — Capacity. — Names of Priests. — Church of the Holy Redeemer. — First Services. — Location. — Cost. — Capacity. — Bounds of Parish. — Priests in Charge. — St. Cassimer’s Church. — Location. — Combined Church and School Building. — Cost. — Date of Consecration. — Name of Priest. — Bounds of Parish. — St. Bonaventure Church and Monastery. — Church of Our Lady of Sorrows. — St. Elizabeth's Church. — St. Charles's Church. — Grotto of the Blessed Virgin Mary. — A Peculiar Structure. — Description. Roman Catholic Bishcps and Dioceses. — First Diocese in New France. — Names of Bishops. — Dates of Consecration. — Vicar-Generals. — Secretaries. — Catholic Union Society. — When Organized. — Objects. — How Managed. - Presidents and Secretaries. 527-549; title: CHAPTER LVII.; title: Earliest Protestant Ministers. — The Moravians. — Later Missionaries and Clerical Visitors. — First Regular Protestant Services. — First Protestant Clergymen in Detroit. English Army Chaplains. — Moravians Brought to Detroit. — Departure of Moravians. — Their Return. — First Protestant Services. — Interesting Details. — The Moravians on the Huron. — New Gnadenhutten. - Consecration of Church. — Moravian Visits and Baptisms. — Leaving New Gnadenhutten. — A Chaplain of the Queen’s Rangers. — Gen. Wayne’s Army Chaplain. — Extract from Journal. — Arrival of David Bacon. — Revs. Badger and Hughes. — Mrs. Bacon Leaves for Connecticut. — Return with Wife and Brother. — His Sermons and his Hearers. — Visit of a Moravian Minister. — Messrs. Badger and Hughes again. — Dr. Leonard Bacon’s Birthplace. — Incident of his Infancy. — Bacon Visits Maumee and Mackinaw. — Goes to Ohio. — Visit of Daniel Freeman. — Services by Rev. Mr. Pollard. — Rev. Nathan Bangs Arrives. — Account of Visit and Services. — Lot Asked for Protestant Church. — Rev. Wm. Case Appointed to Detroit. — Bravery and Success. — Methodist Episcopal Church Organized. — First Protestant Church in Territory. — Names of Members. — Early Methodist Preachers. — Mitchell, Holmes, Ryan, and Hopkins. — American Army Chaplains. — Death of Rev. J. T. Wilmor. — Arrival of Joseph Hickcox. — Low State of Morals. — A Rigid Law. — Plain Talk by Mr. Hickcox. — Services by Rev. Gideon Lanning. — The Rouge Church. — Methodist Ministers : Davis, Dixon, Kent. Finlay, Morey, and Strange. — Rev. John Monteith Arrives. — His First Sermon. — Evangelistic Society Organized. — Services at Council House. — Judge Woodward’s Proposed Society. — Robert Abbott’s Advertisement. — Burying Ground Granted to Protestant Society. — Erection of Church. — Dedication of Building. — Sabbath Collections. — Church Due Bills. — Pew Rents. — First Protestant Society Incorporated. — Departure of Mr. Monteith. — His Successor. — First Protestant Society Becomes a Presbyterian Church. 550—558; title: CHAPTER LVIII.; title: The Methodist Episcopal Churches. — Events of Interest to the Denomination. — Circuit Riders. — First M. E. Society. — First Church Building. — Notice of Meeting. — Incorporation of Society. — Names of Corporators. — Relation to the Rouge Society. — Reminiscences by Dr. Brunson. — Indian Visitors. — Christian Courtesies. — Gathering Materials for Building. — Location. — Description of Building. — Christian Indians. — Interesting Meetings. — Old-Time Records — Sale of Church Property. — Erection of New Church. — Names and Terms of Pastors. — Erection of Woodward Avenue and State Street Churches. — Consolidation of Woodward Avenue and Congress Street Societies. — Erection of Central Church. — Cost of Property. — Church Societies. — Members by Decades. — Names and Terms of Pastors. — Church Societies. — Central Morning Mission. — Congress Street Church. — First Services. — First Trustees. — Location of Building. — Sermon by Rev. John N. Maflitt. — A Comprehensive Lecture. — Donation Parties. — General Grant as a Pew-Holder. — Library Association. — Enlargement of Church. — Names and Terms of Pastors. — Burning of Church. — Subsequent Services. — Number of Members by Decades. — Tabernacle Society. — Former Names. — First Church Building. — Old Location. — Extensive Repairs. — Sale of Property. — Purchase of New Site. — Church and Chapel Erected. — Names and Terms of Pastors. — Simpson Church. — Former Names. — When Organized. — First Building. — New Location. — New Building. — Names and Terms of Pastors. — Palmer Memorial Church. — Former Name. — Original Location. — Dedication. — Improvements and Alterations. — Yearly Expenses. — Members by Decades. — Value of Property. — New Location. — New Church. — New Name. — Names and Terms of Pastors. Fort Street Church. — Preliminary History. — Erection of Building. — Location. — Cost. — Dedication. — Number of Members. — Names and Terms of Pastors. — Yearly Expenses. — Value of Property. — Sixteenth Street Church. — Location of Building. — Date of Dedication. — Cost. — Value of Property. — Number of Members. — List of Pastors. — Junction Church. — Original Location. — Early Services. — New Site. — Names of Pastors. — Value of Property. — Delray Church. — Location. — When Dedicated. — Cost. — First Pastor. — Wesley Church. — Its Beginnings. — Cost of Building. — Date of Dedication. — Cass Avenue Church. — Asbury Mission. — Lincoln Avenue Church. — Woodward Avenue Church. — Ninde Church. — Arnold Mission. — First German Church. — Date of Organization. — First Meetings. — Erection of Church. — Location. — Value of Property. — Members by Decades. — Names and Terms of Pastors. — Second German Church. — Location. — When Dedicated. — Cost. — - Members by Decades. — Names of Pastors. — Thirty -second Street German Church. — Location. — When Dedicated. — Cost. — First Pastor. — Lafayette Street African Church. — John Stewart’s Mission. — First Colored Society. — First Building. — Various Removals. — First Brick Church. — Location. — Cost. — Extensive Repairs. — Value of Property. — Members by Decades. — Names and Terms of Pastors. — Ebenezer African Church. — When Organized. — First Building. — Chapel Purchased. — When Dedicated. — Value of Property. — Names of Ministers. — Zion African Church. — First Building. — When Dedicated. — Names of Ministers. — Society Disbands. — New Organization. — Place of Meeting. — Names of Ministers. — French Church. — Location. — Cost of Building. — Names of Pastors. — Society Disbanded. — Church Sold. — Pine Street Protestant Methodist Church. — Date of Organization. — Location. — Names of Pastors. — Society Disbanded. — Bethel Evangelical Association Church. — Date of Organization. — First Building. — Cost. — New Location. — New Building. — Members by Decades. — Names and Terms of Pastors. — Events Interesting to Methodists. — Names and Terms of Presiding Elders. 559-580; title: CHAPTER LIX.; title: The Protestant Episcopal Churches. — Bishops, Dioceses, and Conventions. — Anglo-Catholic and Reformed Episcopal Churches. — St. Paul's Church. — When Organized. — Meetings at Council House. — Part of Old Burying-Ground Obtained. — First Church. — Enlargement of Church. — Names of Rectors. — Service Described by Mrs. Jameson. — Sale of Woodward Avenue Property. — Erection of New Church. — Names of Rectors. — Annual Expenses. — Value of Property. — Members by Decades. — Christ Church. — When Organized. — Location. — First Building. — When Consecrated. — Addition Built. — Chapel Erected. — Cost. — Church Erected. — Cost. — Size. — Chime of Bells Donated. — Names and Terms of Rectors. — Memorial Window. — Members by Decades. — Mariners' Church. — Mrs. Anderson’s Bequest. — Special Legislation. — Erection of Building. — Cost. — Names of Rectors. — Members by Decades. — Value of Property. — St. Peter’s Church. — First Services. — Building Erected. — Partially Burned. — Extensive Improvements. — Memorial Window. — Value of Property. — Members by Decades. — Names of Rectors. — St. John's Church. — Date of Organization. — H. P. Baldwin’s Gifts. — Cost of Chapel and Church. — Location. — Names of Rectors. — Missionary Work. — Value of Property. — Members by Decades. — Assistant Rectors. — Grace Church. — First Services. — Erection of Building. — Location. — Cost. — E. W. Hudson’s Gift. — J. W. Waterman’s Donation. — Value of Property. — Members by Decades. — Names of Rectors. — St. Stephen’s Church. — Location. — When Consecrated. — Names of Rectors. — Emanuel Memorial Church. — First Services. — Erection of Building. — Mrs. Medbury’s Gift. — New Location. — Names of Rectors. — Value of Property. — All Saints’ Chapel. — First Services. — Location. — Cost. — Rectors in Charge. — St. James Church. — When Established. — Location. — A Church Purchased. — New Building. — Value of Property. — Names of Rectors. — Mission of the Messiah. — Location. — Cost of Building. — Value of Property. — Names of Rectors. — St. Mary’s Mission. — When Established. — Chapel Erected. — Location. — Cost. — Ministers in Charge. — Mission of the Good Shepherd. — First Services. — Building Erected. — Location. — Value of Property. — Ministers in Charge. — St. Thomas’ Mission. — Location. — When Established. — St. Barnabas Mission. — Location. — When Established. — Cost of Building. — Rectors. — St. George’s Church. — First Services. — Ministers in Charge. — St. Luke’s Memorial Chapel. — Location. — Erected by C. C. Trowbridge. — Object. — St. Matthew’s Colored Church. — First Services. — First Building. — Names of Ministers. — New Building. — Cost. — Ministers in Charge. — St. Joseph’s Memorial Chapel. — Location. — Cost. — Donated by Mrs. Medbury. — Trinity Church. — When Incorporated. — Place of Meeting. — Services Discontinued. — St. Mark’s Church. — First Services. — New Location. — Building Erected. — Services Discontinued. — Property Sold. — St. Andrew’s Mission. — Location. — Cost. — Rector. — Diocese of Michigan Created. — Bishops. — Conventions. — Episcopal Residence. — Diocesan Fund. — The Church Association. — Epiphany Reformed Episcopal Church. — Date of Organization. — Location. — Ministers. — Emanuel Reformed Episcopal Church. — Places of Meeting. — Date of Incorporation. — Services Discontinued. 581—593; title: CHAPTER LX.; title: The Presbyterian Churches. — Occasions of Interest to Presbyterians. — First Presbyterian Church. — Date of Organization. — Names of Original Members. — First Church Property. — First Session Room. — Brick Session Room. — Sale of Church. — New Building Erected. — Cost. — When Dedicated. — Tower Clock. — Property Sold. — Burning of the Church. — Utilizing the Old Bell. - Services after the Fire. — Church on Gratiot Avenue. — Cost. — When Dedicated. — Names of Pastors. — Duffield Memorial Tablet. — Value of Property. — Members by Decades. — School for Chinese. — Scotch or Central Church. — First Services. — Building Erected. — Names of Ministers. — New Building. — Cost. — Change of Name. — Members by Decades. — Fort Street Church. — First Services. — First Building. — Second Building. — Cost. — Names of Ministers. — Extensive Repairs. — Burning of Church. — Opera House Services. — Church Rebuilt. — J. D. Hayes’ Gift. — Members by Decades. — Eighth Ward Mission. — Jefferson Avenue Church. — First Services. — Erection of Building. — Names of Ministers. — Members by Decades. — The Frontenac Avenue Mission. — Westminster Church. — First Services. — Washington Avenue Building. — Names of Ministers. — Sale of Property. — Parsons Street Chapel. — New Church. — Members by Decades. — Calvary Church. — Location. — When Organized. — Building Dedicated. — Ministers. — Members. — Union Church. — Brockway's Mission. — First Building. — Present Building. — Names of Ministers. — Value of Property. — Memorial Church. — The First Mission. — Places of Meeting. — Memorial Buildings. — Memorial Windows. — Historical Lectures. — T rumbull Avenue Church. — Cost. — Location. — Ministers. — United Presbyterian Church. — Society Organized. — Building Purchased. — Extensive Improvements. — Names of Ministers. — Number of Members. — French and German Church. — When Organized. — Building Erected. — Location. — Society Disbanded. — Property Sold. — Hamtramck Church. — Third Avenue Church. — Reformed Church of America. — Occasions of Interest. — Presbyterian Alliance. 594-604; title: CHAPTER LXI.; title: The Baptist Churches. — Occasions of Interest to the Denomination. — First Church. — Services in University Building. — Erection of Frame Building. — Building Sold. — First Brick Church. — Mrs. Jameson’s Description of Church and Services. — Names of Pastors. — Second Brick Church. — Cost. — When Dedicated. — The Cass Avenue Church. — Size and Cost. — Members by Decades. — Second Church (colored). — Places of Meeting. — Property Purchased. — Members by Decades. — Names of Ministers. — Lafayette Avenue Church. — When Organized. — First Services. — Erection of Chapel. — - The Church Building. — Names of Pastors. — Members by Decades. — Site for New Church. — First German Church. — When Organized. — First Meetings. — Location of Church. — Cost. — Number of Members. — Names of Pastors. — Zion Church (colored). — When Organized. — Name of Pastor. — Members. — Eighteenth Street Church. — When Organized. — Building Dedicated. — Value of Property. — Names of Ministers. — Twelfth Street Church. — Origin. — Location. — Building. — Pastor. — Members. — Church Enlarged. — Second German Church. — Location. — Building. — Pastors. — Clinton Avenue Church. — Location. — Chapel Erected. — Pastor. — The Church Building. — Shiloh Church. — Organization. — Places of Meeting. — Pastors. — French Church. — When Organized. — Dedication of Church. — Members by Decades. — Pastor. — Tabernacle Church. — When Organized. — Howard Street Chapel. — New Building. — When Dedicated. — Names of Pastors. — Sale of Property. — Remnants of Society. — Park Street Church. — Location. — Union with First Church. — Warren Avenue Church. — North Baptist Church. — Occasions of Interest. — State Conventions. — Baptist Social Union. 605-612; title: CHAPTER LXII.; title: The Congregational Churches. — Notable Congregational Gatherings. — First Congregational Church. — Preliminary Services. — Society Organized. — Building Erected. — Visit of President Finney. — Names of Pastors. — The Fort Street Church. — Value of Property. — Members by Decades. — Second Church. — When Organized. — ; Erection of Chapel. — The Church Building. — Debt and Difficulty. — Names of Pastors. — Value of Property. — Number of Members. — Trumbull Avenue Church. — Origin. — Original Location. — New Location. — Organization of Church. — Name of Pastor. — Springwells Church. — Location. — Building. — Pastors. — Harper Avenue Mission. — Location. — Management. — Mt. Hope Mission. — Polish Mission. — Notable Congregational Gatherings. 613-616; title: CHAPTER LXIII.; title: The Lutheran Churches. — St. John’s German Evangelical Church. — First Services. — First Building. — Second Building. — Names of Pastors. — Third Building. — Members by Decades. — Semi-Centennial Exercise. — St. Paul’s German Evangelical Church. — Location. — Building. — Cost. — Pastor. — St. Mark’s German Evangelical Church. — Location. — Building. — When Dedicated. — Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church. — When Organized. — First Building. — Addition Erected. — New Building. — Cost. — Names of Pastors. — Communicants by Decades. — Bethlehem German Evangelical Church. — Location. — Communicants. — Pastor. — Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church. — When Organized. — First Building. — Location. — New Church. — New Location. — Pastor. — Com- municants. — Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church. — When Organized. — Building. — Location. — Pastor. — St. Paul’s Evangelical Lutheran Church. — When Organized. — Building. — Pastors. — St. Matthew’s Evangelical Lutheran Church. — When Organized. — Building. — Pastors. — Zion German Reformed Church. — First Building. — Second Building. — Location. — Communicants by Decades. — Names of Pastors. — St. Peter’s German Evangelical Lutheran Church. — When Organized. — Location. — Pastor. — Salem German Evangelical Lutheran Church. — Location. — When Organ- ized. — Church Building. — Pastors. — St. Luke’s German Evangelical Lutheran Church. — Location. — Building. — Pastor. — St. John’s Independent Lutheran Church. — Christ’s Evangelical Lutheran U. A. C. Church. — Trinity Lutheran Mission. 617-623; title: CHAPTER LXIV.; title: The Christian Church. - The New Jerusalem Church. - The Unitarian Church. - The Universalist Church. - Unity Church. - Jewish Congregations. - General Church Statistics. - First Christian Church. — Places of Meeting. — Names of Pastors. — Present Building. — A Donation. — Members by Decades. — Church of Christ. — Location. — Howard Street Building. — Plum Street Building. — Members by Decades. — Mission Building. — New Jerusalem Church. — First Services. — Names of Ministers. — Church Buildings. — Members by Decades. — Congregational Unitarian Church. — Organization. - Erection of Building. — Names of Ministers. — Improvements to Building. — Members by Decades. — New Church Site. — Church of Our Father (Universalist). — First Service. — Erection of Building. — Cost. — Pastor. — State Convention. — Unity Church. — Organization. — Pastor. — The Building. — Beth El Jewish Society. — First Services. — Purchase of Church Buildings. — Names of Rabbis. — Members of Society. — Shaary Zedec Jewish Society. — When Organized. — Purchase of Church Building. — New Building. — Names of Rabbis. — Congregation of House of Jacob. — Church Statistics by Decades. — Number of Buildings. — Number of Members. — Percentage of Members. — Sittings. — Percentage of Sittings. - Statistics for 1880. — Average Attendance. — Church Expenses. — Value of Property. 624-630; title: CHAPTER LXV.; title: The First Sunday School. - Mission Schools. - Sunday School Statistics, Sunday School Unions, Conventions, and Celebrations. - The First Sunday School. — Notice in Gazette. — Date of Opening. — Object. — Officers of the Association. — Extracts from Annual Report. — Extensive Memorizing. — School for Colored Children. — Books Used. — Mission Schools. — Extinct Missions. — Industrial School Mission. — Sunday School Statistics for 1863, 1870, and 1880. — Names of Superintendents. — Number of Officers, Teachers, and Scholars. — Average Attendance. — Sunday School Unions. — Conventions and Celebrations. 631-637; title: CHAPTER LXVI.; title: Union Religious Societies. — Union Meetings. — Revivals and Revivalists. — Young Men’s Christian Association. — First Society. — When Organized. — Names of Officers. — Location of Rooms. — Organization Disbands. — Young Mens Christian Union. — Date of Organization. — Officers. - Methods of Work. — Termination of Society. — The Present Association. — When Organized. — Location of Rooms. — International Convention. — The Farmer Street Property. — Dedication of Building. — Increased Prosperity. — Mr. Skiffs Bequest. — Lines of Work. — New Location Desired. — Sale of Property. — New Rooms. — The Boys’ Branch. — Presidents and General Secretaries. — The Railroad Branch. — When Organized. — Location of Building. — City, County, and State Bible Societies. — Dates of Organization. — Officers. — Work. — Union Bethel Society. — When Organized. — Place of Services. — Chaplains. — City Tract Societies. — Dates of Organization. — Officers. — Methods of Work. — Detroit Evangelical Alliance. — Object. — When Organized. — Officers. — Detroit Ministerial Union. — Organization. — Meetings. — Union Prayer Meetings. — The Morning Meeting. — When Organized. — Places of Meeting. — The Noon Meeting. — Revivals and Revivalists. — Visit of Rev. E. P. Hammond. — The Whittle and Bliss Meetings. — Services of Rev. G. F. Pentecost. — Meetings of Harry F. Sales. 638-643; title: CHAPTER LXVII.; title: Poverty and Its Relief. — The Poor Commission. — City Physicians. — The County Poor. — Poverty and Its Relief. — Methods under Northwest Territory. — Overseers of the Poor. — Directors of Poor. — Manner of Relief. — Unworthy Recipients. — Large Benefactions. — Names of Directors. — The Poor Commission. — Office Methods. — Names of Commissioners. — City Physicians. — Duties. — Districts. — Names. — Grosse Pointe Hospital. — The County Poor. — Early Methods. -- Present System. — Names of Superintendents. — County Poorhouse. — First Location. — Remarkable F act. — Father Kundig’s Services. — Legislative Appreciation. — The Poor Farm. — Location. — Buildings. — Management. — County Insane Asylum. — Original Size. — Additions. - County Physicians. 644-649; title: CHAPTER LXVIII.; title: Charitable and Benevolent Societies and Institutions. — Yankee Innovations. — Moral and Humane Society. — Organization. — Object. — Young Men’s Benevolent Society. — Presidents. — Secretaries. — Expenditures. — Detroit City Mission Board. — Utopian Plans. — Lodging House. — Catholic Female Association. — Kundig’s Wards. — Successful Fair. — Building Erected. — Officers of the Association. — St. Vincent’s Female Orphan Asylum. — When Organized. — Various Locations. — Present Building. — Superiors in Charge. — Ladies’ Protestant Orphan Asylum. — When Organized. — First Officers. — Asylum Opened. — Donations. — Building Erected. — Reorganization. — Principal Officers. — St. Mary’s Hospital. — When Opened. — Location. — Clinton Street Building. — New Building. — Regulations. — St. Andrews’ Society. — Organization. — Object. — Officers. — Working Men’s Aid Society. — Building. — Location. — Objects. — Lafayette Benevolent and Mutual Help Society. — When Organized. — Object. — Location of Building. — Officers. — Industrial School. — Organization. — Object. — Original Location. — Removal. — Obtaining F unds. — New Building. — Management. — Practical Features. — Names and Terms of Officers. — St. Joseph’s Retreat. — Former Name. — Location. — Object. — Building. — Grounds. — St. Luke’s Hospital, Church Home, and Orphanage. — Origin. — Original Location. — The Fort Street Propertv. — Large Bequests. — Trustees. — Management. — Officers. — - Hebrew Widows’ and Orphans' Society. — Organization. — Objects. — Officers. — Harper Hospital. — Walter Harper. — His Gift. — Provisions of Deed. — Nancy Martin’s Donation. — Trustees and Management. — Buildings Erected by Government. — Soldier Patients. — Ordinary Patients. — Recent Bequests. — New Building. — Location. — Cost. — Accommodations. — Home of the Friendless. — Origin. — First Location. — High Street Building. — Warren Avenue Building. — Aims and Management. — The Home Messenger. — Officers. — St. Anthony’s Male Orphan Asylum. — Location. — Value of Property. — Objects. — Officers. — Women’s Hospital and Foundlings’ Home. — Its Origin. — First Location. — Present Site. — Design of Institution. — How Sustained. — Officers. — House of Providence. — Object. — Management. — Original Building. — Present Location. — Evangelical Lutheran Orphan Aid Society. — When Organized. — Original Location. — Removal. — Membership. — Beneficiaries. — Officers. — Italian Benevolent Society. — When Organized. — Object. — Officers. — Little Sisters’ Home for the Aged Poor. — First Building. — New Location. — New Building. — How Maintained. — Inmates. — Sister Superiors. — The Thompson Home. — Its Founder. — Original Quarters. — Erection of Building. — Object. — Conditions of Admission. — Officers. — The Working Women’s Home. — When Organized. — Locations. — Object. — Officers. — Zoar Orphan Asylum. — Location. — Building. — Inmates. — Detroit Day Nursery and Kindergarten Association. — When Organized. — Object. — Location of Building. — Officers. — Convent of the Good Shepherd. — Grace Hospital. — Detroit Emergency Hospital. — Detroit Association of Charities. — Biography of Mrs. I. G. D. Stewart. 650-668; title: PART IX. - LITERARY.; title: CHAPTER LXIX.; title: Early Methods of Publishing. — The First Newspapers. — The Newspaper Graveyard. — Living Papers and Periodicals. — City Printers. — Newsboys. — The Town Cner. — Church Notices. - Opportunities Improved. -- First Newspapers in Canada and the West. Defunct Publications. - Names of Editors and Publishers. — Characteristics. — Dates of First and Last Issues. — The Michigan Essay. — Misstatements Corrected. — Definite Information Obtained. The Paper Described. — The Detroit Gazette. — The Type and Press. — Amusing Notices. — A Carrier’s Address. — Remarkable Libel Suit. — Editor Imprisoned. — Public Dinner in the Jail. — Release of Mr. Sheldon. — Printers’ Discouragements. — The Michigan Herald. — The Gazette Fran^aise. The Detroit Telegraph. — Herald of Literature and Science. — Michigan State Register. — Evening Spectator and Literary Gazette. — The Spy in Michigan. — The Detroit Morning Post. McGinnis versus Bagg. A Clever Retort —The Craftsmen of Michigan. — Michigan Observer. — The World. — The Jeffersonian Democrat. — The Day Book. — The Michigan Agriculturist. — The Eglantine. The Mirror of the Lakes. — The Journal of Education. — Spirit of ’76. — The Western Farmer. — Michigan Farmer. - Farmer’s Companion. — The Western Rural. — The Rat Gazette. — Michigan Christian Herald. — Michigan Literary Gem. — The Washingtonian. — The Daily Times. — The Constitutional Democrat. — American Citizen. — Western Catholic Register. — The Daily Gazette. — Detroit Magazine. L’Amie de la Jeunesse. — American Vineyard. — Evangelical Observer. — Detroit Register. — Daily News. — Western Excelsior. — Michigan Journal of Homoeopathy. — Western Literaiy Miscellany. — Wellman’s Literary Miscellany. — Northwestern Advocate. — Daily Herald. — American Gleaner. — The Monthly Hesperian. — The Medium. — Le Citoyen. — Peninsular Fountain. — Northwestern Musical Herald. — Western Evangelist. — Commercial Bulletin. — The Republican. - Student’s Offering. — The Atlantis. — The Catholic Vindicator. — The Guardian. — The Daily Times No. 2. - The Peninsular Journal of Medicine. — Medical Independent. — The Peninsular and Independent. — The Michigan Homoeopathic Journal. — The Michigan Journal of Education and Teachers’ Magazine. — Waymarks in the Wilderness. — The Little Wolverine. — The Ashlar. — The Evening News. — The Firemen’s Journal. — Preston’s Bank Note Reporter. — Brown’s Reporter. — The Magazine of Travel. — The Young Men’s Journal. — The Transcript. — The F}erald. — The Spirit of the Week. — The Michigan Democrat. — Detroit Independent. — People’s Press. — Democratic Farmer. — People's Union Press. — The True Democrat. — homoeopathic Observer. — Der Radicale Democrat. — The Shrapnel. — F roth. — The Christian U nionist. — The Journal of Commerce. — The Daily Sun. — The Peninsular Herald. — The New World — The Review of Medicine and Pharmacy. — The Peninsular Journal of Medicine (No. 2). — The Medical Journal. — The Western Medical Advance. — The Price Current. — The Monitor. — The Mechanic and Inventor. — The Scientific Manufacturer. — Journal of Commerce (No. 2). — Sunday Times. — The Odd Fellows’ Wreath. — The Western Catholic. — Baptist Tidings. — L’lmpartial. — The Anti-Roman Advocate. — L’Etoile Canadienne. — The Song Journal. — Our Mutual Friend. — The Popular Appeal. — The Commercial Bulletin. — Leather Apron. — Our Yankee Land. — The Pulpit. — The Mystic Star. — The Boy of the Period. — The Michigan Journal of Homoeopathy. — Michigan Edition of Northwest Reporter. — Our Dioceses. — The Sunday Guest. — The Better Age. — The Wolverine Messenger. — Anglo-Catholic. — The Weekly Price Current. — The Little People. — Truth for the People. — Michigan Truth Teller. — The Capitol. — The Evening Star. — The Traveller’s Illustrated Railway Reporter. — Le Courier. — Le Journal de Detroit — The Herald. — Sontag Zeitung. — Hotel Reporter. — Society News. — Marine Record. — American Workman. — Rose's Nose. — Red and WTiite Ribbon. — The Western Era. — The National. — Every Saturday. — The Michigan Weekly Sun. — Socialist. — Michigan Homestead. — Penny Times. — Popular Era. — The Family Journal. — Moore's Masonic Messenger. — Public Spirit. — Detroit Graphic — The Sunday Herald. — The Times. — Chaff. — The Lever. — Detroit Illustrated. — Sunday Sun. — The Daily Mail. — Commercial Law News. — Pursuivant. — The Northwestern Review. — The Labor Review. — The Detroit Gazette. — Our Catholic Youth. — Our Churches. — Michigan Trade Review. — Unionist. — Evening Telegram. — Daily Times (No. 3). — Land Guide. — National People. — Detroit Times. — Living Papers and Periodicals with Publications Merged Therein. — Northwestern Journal. — Journal. — Courier. — Daily Advertiser. — Daily Express. — Free Democrat. — Michigan Organ of Temperance. — Temperance Advocate. — Daily Enquirer. — Democrat and Enquirer. — Daily Tribune. — Peninsular Freeman. — Advertiser and Tribune. — Free Union. — Daily Post. — Post and Tribune. — Free Press. — Commercial Bulletin. — The Allgemeine Zeitung. — Michigan Volksblatt. — Michigan Staats Zeitung. — Journal and Herald. — Commercial Advertiser. — Familien Blaetter. — Agricultural and Horticultural Journal. — Michigan Farmer and State Journal of Agriculture. — Progress of the Age. — Western Home Journal. — Evening News. — Daily Union. — Michigan Christian Herald. — Michigan Christian Advocate — Die Stimme der Wahrheit. — Wayne County Courier. — Medical Advance. — Leonard’s Illustrated Medical Journal. — Public Leader. — The Index. — New Preparations. — Therapeutic Gazette. — American Lancet. — Railroad Guide. — Family Circle. — Medical Age. — Michigan Medical News. — Detroit Clinic. — A New Idea. — Michigan A. O. U. W. Herald. — Family Herald. — Home Messenger. — The Indicator. — Western Newspaper Union. — Detroit Plaindealer. — The Spectator. — T he Evening Journal. — Michigan Churchman. — Sunday Sun. — The Center. — Pharmacist. — Eye Echo. — Grocer and Butcher. — Microscope. — Pharmaceutical Era. — Druggist Bulletin. — Trade Journal. — Lamp of Life. — Sunday Herold. - Labor Leaf. — Free Mason. — The Beacon. — Index Medicus. — Editors. — Publishers. — Incidental Items. — News Boys. 669-693; title: CHAPTER LXX.; title: Early Book Printing. — Books and Booksellers. — Almanacs. — Gazetteers. — Directories. — Maps of Michigan. — Governor Hamilton's Proclamations. — The Macomb Press. — Father Richard’s Enterprise. — First Books and Printers. — Disposition of Father Richard’s Type. — Books and Book-sellers. — Former Standard Authors. — The First Bookstore. — Later Establishments. — Names of Proprietors. — Dates of Changes. — Almanacs Printed at Detroit. — Titles and Publishers. — State Gazetteers. — When Issued. — Publishers. — City Directories. — Dates of Issue. — Names of Publishers. — Number of Pages and Names. — Maps of Michigan Issued at Detroit. — P. E. Judd’s Proposals. — Orange Risdon’s Prospectus. — John Farmer’s Map. — The First Issue. — Extensive Circulation. — Remarkable Accuracy. — Later Maps. 694-699; title: CHAPTER LXXI.; title: Citizen and Visiting Authors. — Cadillac’s Writings. — Later Authors and Their Works. — Anthon. — Adams. — Aikman. — Atchinson. — Allen. — Bangs. — Bacon. — Brownson. — Boardman. — Buchanan. — Baraga. — Bagg. — Burt. — Bibb. — Bishop. — Brinton. — Brearley. — Ballard. — Bates. — Beard. — Blodgett. — Brunson. — Buckley. — Brown. — Buck. — Backus. — Cass. — Chipman. — Chase. — Cooke. — Carter. — Castor. — Carleton. — Campbell. — Chaney. — Coyle. — Codde. — Couse. — De Peyster. — Duffield. — Dolan. — Dowling. — Davenport. — Donovan. — Eddy. — Ellis. — Edouard. — Fasquelle. — Fox. — Fitch. — Fuller. — tield. — Ford. — Forbush. — Fairbanks. — Gillman. — Griffith. — Goadby. — Gilchrist. — Harsha. — Hinchman. — Holden. — Holmes. — Hubbard. — Henry. — Houghton. — Howard. — Henry. — Howe. — Hawley. — Hailmann. — Hamlin. — Howell. — Haigh. — Hall. - Harris. - Isham. — Inglis. — Jacobs. — Jennison. — Jones. - Kirkland. — Kalish. — Kelso. — Kitchell. — Lodge. — Lord. — Lundy. — Lambie. — Leonard. — Laidlaw. — Levington. — Lewis. — Mackenzie. — Macomb. — Morris. — May hew* — McCoskry. — Munger. — McCarty. — Mason. — McCracken. — Maes. — Majer. — Mercer. — Merwin. — Newberry. — Nall. — Noble. — Newman. — Owen. — O’Brien. — Perkins. — Pilcher. — Potts. — Poole. — Post. — Pierson. — Pattison. — Peavey. — Richards. — Roberts. — Robertson. — Rayne. — Robinson. — Russell. — Ryan. — Rouse. — Shattuck. — Schoolcraft. — Sheldon. — Snelling. — Smith. — Silver. — Seaman. — Stebbins. — Scripps. — Scott. — Smart. — Shurley. — Stewart. — Sill. — Silber. - Seymour. — Stokes. — Stowe. — Trumbull. — Thomson. — Tyler. — Turnbull. — Theller. — TenBrook. — Trowbridge. — Thompson. — Thomas. — Terry. — Throop. — Tripler. — Taylor. — Tibbets. — Tuttle. — Thatcher. — Van Fleet. — Varney. — Woodward. — Whiting. — Webb. — Witherell. — Willis. — Walker. — Ward. — Watson. — Wilcox. - Waterman. — Warner. — Wilkins. — Wanless. — Wight. — Winder. — Washburn. — Wooley. — Young. — Zundel. Visiting Authors : LaSalle. — Gallinee. — Hennepin. — La Hontan. — Tonty. — Charlevoix. — Crespel. — Rogers. — Carver. — Zeisberger. — Lord Fitzgerald. — Volney. — Welch — Burnett. — Heriot. — Watson. — Earl of Selkirk. — Darby. — Morse. — Finley. — McKenney. — Colton. — Kinzie. — De Tocqueville. — Beaumont. — Hoffman. — Martineau. - Marryatt. — Marshall. - Webster. — Jameson. — Marsh. — Marcy. — Grimes. — Lanman. — Buckingham. — Barnard. — Fuller. — Parkman — Beecher. — Stowe. — Geikie. — Cooper. — Greeley. — Agassiz. — Cabot. — Atwater. — Bancroft. — Bremer. — Seward. — Ellet — Kidder. — Chambers. — Ampere. — Albach. — Hopkins. — Bacon. — Vincent. — Pardee. — Lossing. — Wise. — Eddy. — Clark. — Trollope. — Peto. — Haven. — Custer. — Eggleston. - Newman. — Lee. — Allcott. — Fanny Fern. — Parton. — Taylor. — Disturnell. — Newman Hall. — Newton. — Mueller. — Thomson, — Locke. — White. — Holmes. — McCosh. — Casgrain. — Russell — Hurst. — Simpson. — Merrill. — Peck. — Foster. — Warren. — Wiley. — Suite. — Tanguay. — Kelton. — D’Aligny. — Fallows. — Webb. — Atkinson. — Duffield. — Angell. — Adams. — Brunow. — Boise. — Cooley. — Cocker. — D’Ooge. — Dunster. — Douglass. — Evans. — Franklin. — Ford. — Frieze. — Frothingham. — Gray. — Herrington. — Johnson. — McLean. — Morris. — Olney. — Hayne. — Palmer. — Prescott. — Peck. — Rose. - Stowell. — Tappan. — Vaughn. — Winchell. — Watson. — Whedon. — White. — Wood. Lectures by: Phillips. — Shillaber. — Hayes. — Youmans. — King. — Prentice. — Maury. — Taylor. — White. — Hale. — Burlingame. — Simpson. — Raymond. — Emerson. — Curtis. — Holland. — Everett. — Brownlow. — Brown. — Abbott. — Greeley. — Du Chaillu. — Twain. — McCarthy. — Field. — Douglass. — Cook. — Willard. — Capel. — Arnold. — Benjamin. — F owler. — Burritt. — Shaw. — Saxe. — Milbum. — Bungay. — Punshon. — Guard. — Beecher. — Dickinson. — Hawkins. — Proctor. — Morris. — Train. — Talmage. — Tilton. — Vandenhoff. — Ingersoll. — Gough. 700-709; title: CHAPTER LXXII.; title: Literary, Historical, and Scientific Societies. — Lotteries and Literature. — First City Library. — Detroit Athenaeum. — Location. — Management. — Young Mens Society. — When Organized. — Lectures. — First Hall. — Electioneering Methods. — New Location. — Dedication of Hall. — Sale of Property. — Removal to Merrill Block. — Society Disbanded. — Names of Presidents. — The Lyceum. — When Organized. — First Officers. — Woodward's Phraseology'. — Extracts from Constitution. — The Lyceum of Michigan. — Organization and Officers. — Historical Society of Michigan. — Officers. — Lectures. — Collections. — Present Status. — Detroit Mechanics’ Society. — When Organ- ized. — First Officers. — Donation from City. — Hall Erected. — Management. — Value of Property. — New Building Erected. — Misfortunes. — Presidents and Secretaries. — Wayne County Pioneer Society. — Object and Officers. — Detroit Scientific Association. — Objects. — Officers. — Contents of Museum. — Various Locations. — Officers. 710-714; title: CHAPTER LXXIII.; title: Private Schools and Seminaries. — Church Schools. — Early Educational Facilities. — Truant Boys. — McDougall’s Vow. — Children of the Regiment. — Old Schools and Teachers. — Garrit. — Recours. — Balpour. — Pattison. — Burrell. — Donovan. — Serrier. — David Bacon. — Gough. — Curtis. — Payne. — Rowe. — Danforth. — Cook. — The Gazette’s Warning. — Teachers. — Banvard. — Brookfield. — Deming. — Goodwin. — Young. — Trowbridge. — Brownson. — Kinney. — Carpenter. — Shepard. — Healy. — Kinnicutt. — Hathon. — Jerome. — Tucker. — First Female Seminary. — Location. — Management. — Teachers. — Williams — Farrand. — Wilson. - Coe. — Howe. — Crane. — Tappan. — Nichols. — Bellows. — Marsh. — Fay. — Abbott. — W. A. Bacon. — Elms. — Himes. — Weed. — Clancy. — Eastman. — Blois. — Mitchell. — Meany. — Vail. — Fitch. — Millette. — Higgins. — O’Brien. — Fowler. — Cochran. — Curtis. — Brewster. — Clements. — Bryant. — Hurd. — Grinold. — Branigan. — West. — Moir. — Hurlbut. — Zinger. — Kuhn. — Miss Hunt's Seminary. — Location. — Patrons. — Select Schools. — Teachers. — Funke. — Stutte. — Campbell. — Soldan. — Hosmer. — Emerson. — Ellinwood. — Rockwell. — Reighley. — Detroit Female Seminary. — Location. — Principals. — Private Schools of Patterson and Romer. — German American Seminary. — Curious Legislation. — Erection of Building. — Management. — Later Teachers. — James. — Leonard. — Jones. — Schantz. — Brown. — Ziegler. — Liggett’s Home and Day School. — When Established. — Location. — Building. — Church Schools. — Cadillac’s Plans. — Father Richard’s Schools. — Educational Enterprise. — Communaut£ de Ste. Marie. — The Church Farm School. — St. Philip’s College. — Professors. — Pupils and Pranks. — Sisters of Ste. Claire Seminary. — Female Charity School. — Sisters of Charity Arrive. — Catholic Free Schools Established. — St. Vincent’s Seminary. — Ste. Anne’s School. — Trinity Catholic School. — St. Marys School. — Schools of SS. Peter and Paul. — St. Joseph’s School. — St. Boniface School. — St. Vincent de Paul School. — School of Our Lady of Help. — St. Albert’s School. — Polish Franciscan Convent. — St. Joachim’s School. — Sacred Heart School. — Holy Redeemer School. — St. Cassimer’s School. — St. Anthony’s School. — Academy of the Sacred Heart. — Detroit College. — St. John’s German Evangelical School. — St. Mark’s German Evangelical School. — St. Matthew’s Lutheran School. — Trinity Evangelical Lutheran School. — Zion German Reformed School. — Salem Lutheran School. — Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran School. — Zion Evangelical Lutheran School. — St. Paul’s Lutheran School. — St. Paul’s German Evangelical School. — St. Peter’s German Evangelical School. — Cost of Buildings. — Number of Teachers. — Number of Scholars. — Charges for T ition. — Various Statistics. 715-727; title: CHAPTER LXXIV.; title: The University of Michigan. — Commercial Colleges. — Medical Colleges. — University Schools. — Curious Assumption. — Birthday of University. — A Comprehensive Corporation. — Multum in Parvo. — Large Words. — Statutes of University. — Obtaining Funds. — Singular Proceedings. - Erection of Building. — First Teachers. — Monteith. — Dickie. — Shattuck. — Farmer. — Cost of Tuition. — New Corporation Created. — Lancasterian Schools. — University Removed to Ann Arbor. — Branch Schools. — Teachers at Detroit Branch. — Fitch. — Meigs. — Bissell. — Harvie. — Howard. — Walker. — Gray. — Baxter. — Loundsberry. — Close of School. — Commercial Colleges. — Gregory’s. — Cochran’s. — Goldsmith, Bryant, & Stratton’s. — Mayhew’s. — Spencer, Felton, Loomis, & Co.’s. — Detroit Medical College. — Michigan College of Medicine. — Homoeopathic College. — Faculty. — Advantages. — Number of Graduates. 728-754; title: CHAPTER LXXV.; title: The First Common Schools. — The Board of Education, Its Schools and Its Management. — Ordinance of 1787. — Lands Granted for Schools. — School Act of 1809. — Act of 1827. — Subsequent Schools. — City Divided into Districts. — The Free School Society. — Tomato Catsup and Fairs. — Act of 1833. — Special Provisions for Detroit. — Barren Results. — Law of 1837. — Educational Facilities. — Committee of Investigation. — Election of School Inspectors. — Common Schools in 1838 and 1839. — Districts. — Teachers. — School Books. — Statistics. — Location of Schools. — Apportionment of Primary School Fund. — Names of Inspectors. — Directors and Moderators. — School Statistics and Management in 1840 and 1841. — Meeting to Promote Free Schools. — Encouraging Results. — Books Used. — The Bible in the Schools. — Petitions and Protests. — Text Books and Date of Introduction. — Scholars. — Conditions of Admission. — Average Attendance by Decades. — Number of Scholars for Each Teacher by Decades. — Yearly Cost per Capita by Decades. — Health Regulations. — Primary and Middle Schools. — Union System. — Classification and Grading. — School Hours. — Terms. — Vacations. — Lengthy Service of Mr. Nichols. — A One Sided Resolution. — A Patriotic Resolve. — Special Teachers. — Music. — Penmanship. — Drawing. — Reading. — School Buildings. — A Capitol Steal. — Names of Buildings. — Reason for Names. — Location. — Date of Erection. — Description. — The High School. — When Established. — Location. — Military Drills. — Principals. — Condition of Admission. — Yearly Number of Pupils. — Alumni Association. — Separate Colored Schools. — Equal Opportunities Asked. — Request Refused. — Persistence of Colored People. — Their Triumph. — Yearly Statistics. — Value of School Property. — Children in City. — Pupils Enrolled. — Average Attendance. — Number of Sittings. — Annual Expenditures. — Number of Teachers. — Number of Schools. — Salaried Officers. — Superintendents. — Clerks. — Messengers. — Supervisor of Repairs and Building. — Names of Presidents and Secretaries. — Financial Resources. — Growth of School Taxes. — Receipts from Primary School Fund. — Number of Inspectors in Various Years. — Ward Inspectors Discontinued. — Inspectors at Large Provided for. — Sessions of Board. — Description of Seal. — Names and Terms of Inspectors. 755-758; title: CHAPTER LXXVI.; title: The Public Library. — Constitutional Provision for District Libraries. — First Receipts from Fines. — Difficulty of Obtaining Fines. — Results of Increased Vigilance. — Opening of District Library. — Library Building in Rear of Capitol. — Larger Quarters Needed. — Centre Park Granted for Library'. — Erection of Building. — Yearly Receipts from P ines. — Library Commissioners. — Librarians. — Regulations. — Classification. — Valuable Works. — Number of Volumes. — Number of Patrons. — Yearly Statistics. 759-762; title: PART X. — COMMERCIAL.; title: CHAPTER LXXVII.; title: Merchants and Trading. — Custom House and Collectors. — The Board of Trade. — A Commercial Colony. — Cadillac’s Expectation. — Broken Faith. — The Trading Company. — Montreal Jealousy. — Exorbitant Prices. — Dishonest Agents. — Cadillac’s Offer. — He Obtains Control. — Intrigues of the Trading Company. — Cadillac Arrested. — His Acquittal. — Trading Permits. - Tonty’s Exactions. — Names of Early Traders. — Defrauding the Government. — English Regulations. — Commissioners of Trade. — Large Powers. — Bad Character of Certain Traders. — Mohawk Merchants. — Sharp Practices. — A Tankard for a Boy. — Enormous Quantities of Goods. — Description of a Trading Store. — Merchants in 1767. — Later Merchants. — The Fur Trade. — Methods of Trade. — Large Profits. — Slow Returns. — Indian Visitors and Goods. — French and English Accounts. — Old Ledgers. — Licenses. — Business Establishments in 1819. — Dickering. — Flush Times of 1836. — Official Auctioneers. — Jealous Merchants. — Changes in Trade Methods. — Mabley’s Stores. — Old Establishments. — The Drug Business. — Large Importations. — Mercantile Capital. — Changes in Business Centres. — Street Merchants. — Street Cries. — First Seed Store. — D. M. Feny & Co.’s Establishment. — Travelling Agents. — Retail Delivery. — Show Windows. — Curious Signs. — Advertising Methods. — Commercial Agencies. — Objects and Managers. — Merchants and Manufacturers’ Exchange. — Objects and Officers. — Custom House Regulations. — Bounds of District. — Duties of Collector. — Bonded Warehouses. — Imports and Exports. — Names of Collectors. — Board of Trade. — First Organization. — First Officers. — Places of Meeting. — Forwarding and Commission Houses. — Present Board of Trade. — First Officers. — Commencement of Daily Sessions. — Yearly Statements. — Joint Stock Building Company. — Dedication of Building. — International Commercial Convention. — Telegraphic Reports. — New Hall. — Arbitration Committee. — Inspectors. — Fees and Commissions. — Conditions of Membership. — Presidents and Secretaries. 765-792; title: CHAPTER LXXVIII.; title: Markets. — Marketing and Prices. — Departed Glory. — Market Greetings. — French Ponies and Carts. — Old Time Methods. — Market Place Idlers. — Former Woodward Avenue Market. — Location. — Cost. — Discontinuance. — Berthelet Market. — Various Agreements. — Careless Officials. — Final Disposition of Property. — City Hall Market. — Various Buildings. — Dates of Erection and Cost. — Street Set apart for Market. — The Washington Market. — Location. — Cost. — Closing of Market. — The Cass Market. — Location. — Cost. — Site Given by General Cass. — Market Clerks. — Duties. — Names and Terms of Clerks. — Market Regulations. — Sunday Markets. — When Discontinued. — Opening and Closing of Market. — Resolution of Citizens. — “Servants” Disobey. — Market Hours. — Forestalling. — Private Meat Markets. — Market Rents. — Fees from Market Wagons. — Meat Inspector. — The Town Baker. — Prices Fixed for Him. — Sealer of Weights and Measures. — Duties of Sealers. — Names and Terms of Officers. — Wood Markets. — Iaspectors and Districts. — Hay Markets. — Various Locations. — Weigh Masters. — Names and Terms. — Prices of Different Articles at Various Times. 793-801; title: CHAPTER LXXIX.; title: Manufacturing Advantages. — Articles Produced. — Leading Establishments. — Favorable Location. — Superior Advantages. — Raw Materials Easy of Access. — Lake Superior Iron. — Famous Mines. — Grindstone Quarries. — Lumber Manufacturing. — Plaster Beds. — Clay, Limestone, and Sand Deposits. — Manufacturing Sites. — Unlimited Water Supply. — Cheap Fuel. — Prices of Building Materials. — Water Communication. — Railroad Facilities. — Low Taxation. — Living Expenses. — Favorable Climate. — Manufacturing Capital. — Articles Manufactured. — Leading Establishments. — Locations. — Officers. — Products. — Localities Supplied. — Michigan Car Co. and Detroit Car Wheel Co. — Detroit Steel and Spring Works. — Peninsular Car Works. — Russel Wheel and Foundry Co. — Detroit Bridge and Iron Works. — Fulton Iron and Engine Works. — Michigan Malleable Iron Co. — Michel’s Wood Working Machinery Establishment. — Detroit Safe Company. — Detroit Copper and Brass Rolling Works. — The Detroit Stove Co. — The Michigan Stove Co. — Peninsular Stove Co. — Griffin Car Wheel Co. — Eureka Iron and Steel Works. — Detroit and Lake Superior Copper Co. — Middlcbrook and Post Manufacturing Co. — National Pin Co. — Detroit Emery Wheel Co. — Detroit Stamping Co. — Parke, Davis, & Co , Manufacturing Chemists. — The Stearns Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Co. --Hubei’s Capsule Laboratory. — Michigan White Lead and Color Works. — Detroit White Lead Works. - Detroit Linseed Oil Co. — Berry Bros. Varnish Factory. — Shulte Bros. Soap Factory, — American Eagle Tobacco Co. — Banner Tobacco Factory. — Scotten’s Hiawatha Tobacco Pactory. — Globe Tobacco Factory. — Hargreaves Manufacturing Co. — Richardson Match Factory. — Clough & Warren Organ Co. — M. J. Murphy & Co.’s Spring Bed and Chair Factory. — Gray & Baffy, Manufacturing Upholsterers — Mumford, Foster & Co.’s Last Factory. — Pingree & Smith’s Shoe Factory. — Vail & Crane’s Cracker Factory. — C. A Beardsley’s Furniture Factory. — Hugh Johnson's Carriage Establishment. — The Johnston Optical Co. 802-836; title: CHAPTER LXXX.; title: The Liquor Traffic and Temperance Efforts. — Early Difficulties. — Plots and Counter Plots. — Brandy for the Savages. — One Glass at a Time. — Cadillac’s Brewery. — General Rum Store. Suspicious Circumstances. — Early Territorial Licenses. — City Ordinances. — Disorderly Indians. — Tavern Licenses. — First Temperance Society. — Later Organizations. — Local Option in 1845. — City Votes against Licenses. — State Prohibition of Licenses. — Gough’s Lectures. — A Long Prayer. — State Law of 1853. - The Vote on its Adoption. — The Carson League. — Justice Bagg’s Decision. — Resolution of Liquor Dealers. — Prohibitory Law of 1855. — Success and Failure. — Increased Number of Saloons. — Petition of Ladies. — The Sunday Ordinance. — Petitions and Remonstrances. — Final Action. — Young Men’s Father Mathew Temperance Society. - The Women's Crusade. — The Women’s Christian Temperance Union. — State Meeting of Liquor Dealers. — The Liquor Tax Law. — Council Favors Liquor Dealers. — Moffat’s Vetoes. — Law and Order Meetings. — Supreme Court Decisions. — The Red Ribbon Movement. — Liquor Taxes Increased. — Receipts from Liquor Tax. — Brewers’ Convention. — Women’s Christian Temperance Union Convention. — Order of White Cross. 837-845; title: CHAPTER LXXXI.; title: Banks and Currency. — Insurance and Insurance Companies. — Card Money or Playing Card Currency. — Pontiac’s Due-Bills. — Wampum. — Its Manufacture. — Peltry Currency. — York and Halifax Currency. — Merchants’ Bills. - Cut Money. - A Public Nuisance. - Action of Grand jury. — Proctor’s Bills. — Ohio Currency — Heavy Discounts. — Shinplasters of 1817. — Irresponsible Issues. — Father Richard’s Scrip. — Governor and Judges’ Scrip. — Unreliable Bills. — The United States Bank. — Government Deposits Withdrawn. — State Banks as Fiscal Agents. Extended Facilities. — Bewildering Prosperity. — Enormous Importations. — Extravagant Expenditures. — New United States Bank. — Jackson’s Specie Circular. — Panic of 1837. — Suspension of Detroit Banks — Confidence Gone. — Fortunes Lost. — Disaster Everywhere. — Dishonest Debtors. — Wildcat Banking Law. — Mushroom Banks. — Bogus Certificates. — Nails and Window Glass as Specie. - Bank Notes by the Bushel. — Wayne County Wildcats. — Officers and Directors. — Bank Commissioners. — Dishonesty of Bank Officers. — Bank Notes as Wall Paper. — The City in a Quandary. — Panic of 1857. — Its Results. — Crisis of i860. — Stump-Tail Currency. — Treasury Notes. — Disappearance of Coin. — Postage Stamps as Change. — Mercantile Scrip and Tokens. — Postal Cur- rency. — First Greenbacks. — Enormous Premiums for Gold. — National Banks Created. — Panic of 1873. — Greenbacks Reach Par. — The Detroit Bank. — Petition for Establishment. — Bank Building. — Gentle’s History of Bank. — Absurd Propositions. — Peculiar Transactions. — Extended Circulation. — Amazing Issues. — The Governor and Judges as Promoters and Stockholders. — Congress Disapproves of the Bank. — The Bank Continues Business. — Governor Hull’s Statement. — Bank of Michigan. — When Organized. — First Shareholders. — Directors. — Relation to Other Banks. — Names of Presidents and Cashiers. — Various Locations. — Erection of Bank Building. — Branch Bank of Bronson. — Successful Management. — The Tide Turns. — Termination of Bank. — Farmers and Mechanics’ Bank. — St. Joseph Branch. — Large Operations. — Enormous Dividends. — Suspension of 1837. — Cashier’s Duties. — Presidents and Cashiers. — Michigan Insurance Company Bank. — Its Banking Powers. — Presidents and Cashiers. — Panic of 1857. — Organization of National Insurance Bank. — Michigan State Bank. — Presidents and Cashiers. — Suspension of Bank. — Proposed State Bank of Michigan. — Revival of Michigan State Bank. — Successful Termination of Career. — Bank of St. Clair. — Officers. — Detroit Savings Bank. — First Officers. — Remarkable Care. — Cashiers and Directors. — Peninsular Bank. — Names of Corporators. — Profitable Business. — Disasters Come. — Business Wound Up. — State Bank of Michigan. — Officers. — Merged into First National Bank. — The New Organization. — Presidents and Cashiers. — Reorganization of 1882. — Directors and Officers. — Second National Bank. — Officers and Directors. — Reorganized as Detroit National Bank. — American National Bank. — Presidents and Cashiers. — Merchants and Manufacturers’ Bank. — Reorganized as a National Bank. — The Mechanic’s Bank. — The People’s Savings Bank. — German American Bank. — Wayne County Savings Bank. — Safe Deposit Co. — The City Bank. — Michigan Savings Bank — The Market Bank. — Union National Bank. — Commercial National Bank. — The State Savings Bank. — Dime Savings Bank. — Officers. — The Citizen’s Savings Bank. — The Third National Bank. — The American Banking and Savings Association. — The American Trust Co. — The Preston National Bank. — The Peninsular Savings Bank. — The Central Savings Bank. -- Plymouth and Wyandotte Banks and Officers. — Private Bankers. — Past and Present Firms. — Legal Holidays. — Growth of Bank Capital. — Insurance and Insurance Companies. — Early Agents. — Detroit Fire and Marine Insurance Company. — Michigan Mutual Life Insurance Company. — Western Union Mutual Life and Accident Society. — Commercial Mutual Association. — Michigan Fire and Marine Insurance Company. — Standard Life and Accident Insurance Company. 846-875; title: PART XI. - COMMUNICATION.; title: CHAPTER LXXXII.; title: The Post Office and Mails. — Telegraph and Telephones. — Army Expenses. — Indian Messengers. — First Post Road. — Post Office Established. — Irregular Mails. — Blowing the Horn. — Daily Mails from East Begin. - Mail Regulations in 1832 and 1837. — First Mails through Canada. — Postal Rates at Various Times. — Singular Provisions. - Introduction of Envelopes and Stamps. - First Postal Cards. — Receipts for Postage at Detroit by Decades. — The Registry System. — Money Orders and Postal Notes. — Amounts Sent and Received. — Free Delivery System. — Growth of Service. — Office Force and Salaries. — Various Post Office Locations. — Erection of Government Building. — Location. — Description. — Names of Postmasters. — How Abbott Received Norvell. — Telegraphs and Telephones. — First Exhibition of Telegraph. — The Speed, O'Reilly, and Snow Lines. — First Messages East and West. — “The Telegroff Working.” — Location of Offices. — Northern Michigan Line. — River Cables. — First News by Atlantic Cable. — General Rejoicings. — United States Telegraphic Co. — Atlantic and Pacific Lines. — American Union Line. — District Telegraph Systems. — Apparatus and Messengers. — First Exhibition of Telephone. — Growth in Use of Telephone. — State Telephone System. 879-886; title: CHAPTER LXXXIII.; title: Journeying. — Transportation Facilities. — Express Companies. — First Horses. — French Ponies. — Ride and Tie Method. — Indian Trails. — Bridle Paths. — To W 7 ashington and Back on Horseback. — French Carts. — The First Carriage. — First Four Wheeled Wagon. — Governor Cass as a Borrower. — First Stages. — Stage Routes and Time. — Public Hacks. — Omnibus Lines. — Transportation t acilities. — P reight Rates. — Pack Horses. — Opening of Erie and Welland Canals. — Navigation of the Huron. — The Five Million Loan. --Internal Improvements. — Defunct Enterprises. — St. Mary's Falls Ship Canal. — Freight Lines. — Great Changes. — River Ferriage. — Bridge and Tunnel Projects. — Plans and Counter Plans. — Wheat Elevators. — Drays and Trucks. — Package and Baggage Co. — Express Companies. — When Established. — Location of Offices. — Names of Agents. 887-892; title: CHAPTER LXXXIV.; title: Railroads. — The Prophecy of the Gazette. — Pontiac and Detroit Railroad. — New Corporation. — Building the Road. — Sink-Holes. — First Locomotive. — First Passenger Coaches. — Slow Time. — Strap Rails. — First Passenger Depot. — Extension Down Gratiot Road. — Track Torn Up by the People. — Road Extended to Campus Martius. — Depot Buildings. — New Proprietors. — Consolidation with Oakland & Ottawa R. R. — Date of Completion to Various Stations. — Financial History. — Principal Officers and Terms. — Michigan Central Railroad. — Original Estimates. — Local Subscriptions. — Subscriptions from City of Detroit. — Remarkable Economy. — Completion of Road to Ypsilanti. — Excursion and Celebration. — A Locomotive and Train Drawn by Horse-Power. — Newspaper Notices. — Road Opened to Ann Arbor. — Date of Completion to Various Points. — Political Complaints. — Sale of Road. — Proposed Cut in Woodward Avenue. — The Track on Woodward Avenue and Atwater Street. — Third Street Depot First Used. — Property on River and at Junction. — Strife with Michigan Southern R. R. — Road Completed to Chicago. — Lines of Boats to Buffalo and Cleveland. — Railroad Conspiracy Case. — Dates of Extensive Fires. — Introduction of Sleeping Cars. — Passenger Traffic and Earnings by Decades. — Principal Officers and Terms. — Chicago & Canada Southern R. R. — Fast Time. — Officers. — Detroit & Bay City R. R. — Date of Completion to Various Points. — Lake Shore & Michigan Southern R. R. — Original Charter. — First Locomotive. — First Ground Broken. — Date of Opening between Various Stations. — Sale of Road. — Detroit and Toledo Line. — Local Officers and Terms. — Detroit, Hillsdale & Southwestern R. R. — City Aid Sought. — Voters Refuse. — Completion of Road. — Great Western R. R. — Meeting in and Aid from Detroit. — Road Completed to Windsor. — Great Celebration. — Municipal Extravagance. — Third Rail Laid. — Ferriage of Freight and Passenger Cars. — Chicago, Detroit & Canada G. T. Junction R. R. — Detroit Agents. — Flint & Pere Marquette R. R. — Detroit, Lansing & Northern R. R. — City Aid Sought. — $300,000 Voted. — Law Unconstitutional. — Bonds Invalid. — Completion of Road. — Detroit, Mackinaw & Marquette R. R. — Officers. — Detroit, Butler & St. Louis R. R. — $200,000 Donated by Citizens. — Agents at Detroit. - Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton R. R. — Route and Agents. — Detroit Union R. R. Station and Depot Co. — R. R. Bridges and Gates. — Where Located. — A Double Bridge. 893-906; title: CHAPTER LXXXV.; title: Navigation on Rivers and Lakes. — Canoes and Dug-outs. — Birch Bark Canoes. — Expedition to Upper Lakes. — Mackinaw Boats. — Pirogues. — The First Sail Vessels. — The Griffon and Lake Ste. Claire. — Celebration of 1879. — Schooners During Pontiac War. — Revolutionary War Vessels. — Later Vessels. — Chicago Colonized from Detroit. — Arrival of the “ Walk-in-the- Water.” — Notice from "Gazette.” — The "Superior” and Her Successors. — The Steamboat Michigan. — Increase of Steamboat Travel. — Venturesome Vessels. — Campau’s Opinion. — Sinking of the Atlantic. — Detroit and Cleveland Line. — Its History. — Names of Boats and Routes. — Direct Shipments to Liverpool. — Tugs. — Detroit Dry Dock Co. — Officers and Facilities. — List of Steamers Built at Detroit. — Yearly List of First Arrivals and Departures. — Number and Tonnage of Vessels Arriving and Departing. — The First Ferries. — Rates of Ferriage. — The Horse-Boat. — Osborn’s Poem. — Later Ferries. — Harbor and Harbor Masters. 907-917; title: CHAPTER LXXXVI.; title: United States Lake Survey. — Lighthouses and Their Construction. — Life Saving Service. — Harbor Improvements. — Inspector of Steamboats. — Signal Service. — Marine Hospital. — Navigators’ Charts. — Survey of Lakes Petitioned for. — First Appropriation. — Immense Benefits. — Methods of Work. — Issuing of Charts. — Valuable Instruments. — Officers in Charge. — Lighthouses. — Their Construction and Repair. — Lighthouse Engineers. — Names and Terms. — Lighthouse Districts. — Care of Lighthouses and Buoys. — Supply and Storage Depot. — Lighthouses on River. — Location. — When Erected. — Kind of Light. — Names and Terms of Inspectors. — Life Saving Service. — District Headquarters. — Appliances. — Stations. — Superintendents. — Harbor Improvements. — First Appropriation. — Yearly Expenditures. — Officers in Charge. — Inspectors of Steamboats. — Duties of Inspectors. — Engineers and Pilots’ Licenses. — Supervising and Local Inspectors. — Names and Terms. — The Signal Service. — When Organized. — The Taking of Observa- tions. — Description of Instruments. — Weather Maps and Storm Signals. — Names of Observers. — Marine Hospital. — Description of Building. — How Supported. — Patients and Disbursements. — Surgeons and Stewards. 918-924; title: CHAPTER LXXXVII.; title: Military and Plank Roads. — Streets and Street Paving. — Side and Cross Walks. — Street Railroads. — Street and Road Officers. — Board of Public Works. — Lack of Roads. — Government Highways. — When Established. — Proposed Lottery to Build a Road. — Bad Roads and Costly Fuel. — Sloughs and Delay. — Restricted Traffic. — First Plank Roads. — Pioneer Experiments. — Unsatisfactory Results. — Improved Methods. — Large Expenditures. — Great Advantages. — Rates of Toll. — Length of Roads. — Number of Gates. — Streets and Street Paving. — Picturesque Scenes. — Narrow Ways. — Fast Driving Prohibited. — A Blessing in Disguise. — Woodward’s Foresight. — Wide Avenues. — Encroachments of Citizens. — Improper Subdivisions. — Supervision of Piats. — Street Openings. — Costly Experiences. — Widening of Streets. — Closing of Streets. — Notable Instances. — Cemetery Lane. — Bolivar Alley. — Dequindre Street. — Peculiar Localities. — Corktown. — Dutchtown. - Kentucky. — Polacktown. — Piety Hill. — Peddler’s Point. — Swill Point. - The Potomac. — The Heights. — A Long Street. — Lafayette Avenue in Winter. — Characteristics of Woodward Avenue. — Griswold Street Features. — A Pun in Verse. — Former Condition of Streets. — Stalled Teams. — Convict Labor. — First Paving. — Kind and Location. — Specifications of 1835. — Extensive Wood Paving. — Moffat’s Opposition. — Paving Bonds. — Repairing and Repaving. — Street Cleaning. — Street Sweeping Machines. — Length of Paved Streets and Alleys. — Primitive Sidewalks. — Brick, Plank, and Stone Walks. — Cross Walks and Crossing Sweepers. — The Streets in 1850. — Poetical Description. — Care of Sidewalks. — Claims for Accidents. — Street Railroads. — Names of Lines. — Routes. — When Opened. — Length of Routes. — Number of Cars and Horses. — Time of Trip. — Rates of Fare. — Taxation of Lines. — Transit Railroads. — Location. — How Operated. — Road Supervisors and Duties. — Road Districts and Officers. — Ward Supervisors and Overseers. — Street Commissioners and Duties. — City Surveyors. — Duties and Names. — Commissioners on Plan of the City. — Duties and Names. — Commissioners of Grades. — Powers. — Names of Commissioners. — Board of Public Works. — When Established. — Powers and Duties. — Names of Engineers and Commissioners. 925-936; title: CHAPTER LXXXVIII.; title: Street Names and Their Origin. — Changes in Names. — A Curious Melange. — Names of Past and Present Streets. — First Record of Names. — Origin of and Reason for Names. — Changes in Names. — Dates of Changes. — Woodward’s Puns. — McCabe’s Names for Alleys. — Historiographer’s Report. — Street Names as Historic Memorials. 937-951; title: PART XII. — SUPPLEMENTAL.; title: CHAPTER LXXXIX.; title: Annals of Detroit. — History Epitomized. — Different Epochs. — Curious, Significant, and Interesting Events. — Local, Religious, and Political Meetings. — Governmental and Business Changes. — Important Judicial and Military Occasions. — Noted Meetings and Conventions. — Date of Visits of Authors, Statesmen, Politicians, and Prominent Personages. — Noted Celebrations. — Important Citizens’ Meetings. — Notable Storms and Disasters. — First Arrival and Departure of Steamboats. — Railroad Trains. — Telegraphic Messages. — Local Excitements of Various Kinds. — Dates of Interesting Exhibitions. — Lectures. — Games and Entertainments. — The First Street Lighting. — Water Pipes. — Steam Fire Engines. — Street Railroads, Etc. 955-976; title: APPENDIX A.; title: French Farms or Private Claims. — Acres in Claims. — Names of Original Claimants. — Dates of Confirmation. — Later Designations. — Discrepancies in Numbers. — Duplicate Numbers. 981-986; title: APPENDIX B.; title: City Charters, Amendments, and Special Laws. — The First Corporation. — Later Charters. — Amendments. — Chief Characteristics. 987-992; title: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.; title: Old Carmelite Church (now a prison), where Cadillac’s bones repose, Frontispiece.; title: 1 View of Crosse Pointe, 5; title: 2 Map showing route of former streams and old river line, 9; title: 3 Windmill Point, on Bela Hubbard Farm, and the river in 1838, 10; title: 4 Reduced fac- simile of the Governor and Judges’ Plan, 30; title: 5 Plan of Detroit in 1749, 32; title: 6 Map of the city in 1796, 33; title: 7 Reduced fac-simile of the Lewis Map of the Governor and Judges’ proposed Plan, 34; title: 8 Map of additions to the city limits, 35; title: 9 Specimen of tornado work. From a photograph, 47; title: 10 Entrance to Mt. Elliott Cemetery, 53; title: 11 Map of Mt. Elliott Cemetery, 54; title: 12 Entrance to Elmwood Cemetery, 56; title: 13 Entrance to Woodmere Cemetery, 56; title: 14 The Old Round House, foot of Orleans Street, 65; title: 15 Old Reservoir and Embankment, 66; title: 16 Plan of New Water Works, 67; title: 17 The New Water Works Engine-House and Tower of Stand Pipe, 68; title: 18 One of the Water Works Engines, 69; title: 19 Plan of Belle Isle Park, 76; title: 20 Police Station, Belle Isle, 77; title: 21 Superintendent’s House, Belle Isle, 77; title: 22 Map of Northwest Territory under Ordinance of 1787 and Treaties of 1783 and 1795, 85; title: 23 Seal of Northwest Territory, 86; title: 24 Map of Northwest Territory, Law of May 7, 1800, 86; title: 25 Map of Indiana Territory, Law of April 30, 1802, 87; title: 26 Seal of Indiana Territory, 87; title: 27 Map of Territory of Michigan, Law of January 11, 1805, 88; title: 28 Seal of Territory of Michigan, exact size, 88; title: 29 Map of Michigan Territory, Law of April 19, 1816, 88; title: 30 Map of Michigan Territory, Law of April 18, 1818, 89; title: 31 Map of Michigan Territory, Law of June 28, 1834, 89; title: 32 Map of State of Michigan, Law of April 20, 1836, 90; title: 33 Great Seal of State of Michigan, 91; title: 34 General Grant’s Old Home, 104; title: 35 Fac-simile of letter from U. S. Grant, 105; title: 36 Election Cut from Advertiser, October 22, 1840, 109; title: 37 Election Cut from Advertiser, October 15, 1852, 110; title: 38 Election Cut from Tribune, November 5, 1856, 110; title: 39 Election Scene, — First State Election, 112; title: 40 Reduced fac-simile of First Proclamation establishing Wayne County, 118; title: 41 Map of Wayne County, Proclamation of August 15, 1796, 119; title: 42 Map of Wayne County, Law of May 7, 1800, 119; title: 43 Map of Wayne County, Proclamation of July 10, 1800, 119; title: 44 Map of Wayne County, Law of April 30, 1802, 120; title: 45 Map of Wayne County, Proclamation of January 14, 1803, 120; title: 46 Map of Wayne County, Law of January 11, 1805, 120; title: 47 Map of Wayne County, Proclamation of November 21. 1815, 121; title: 48 Map of Wayne County, Proclamation of October 18, 1816, 121; title: 49 Map of Wayne County, Proclamation of July 14, 1817, 121; title: 50 Map of Wayne County, Proclamation of January 15, 1818, 122; title: 51 Map of Wayne County, Proclamation of September 10, 1822, 122; title: 52 Map of Wayne County, Law of November 20. 1826, 122; title: 53 Township Map of Wayne County, 129; title: 54 Seal of the City, 138; title: 55 Fac-simile of 12 1/2 cent shinplaster of 1838, 153; title: 56 Fac-simile of 18 1/2 cent shinplaster of 1841, 154; title: 57 Fac-simile of 25-cent shinplaster of 1838, 155; title: 58 Fac-simile of 50-cent shinplaster of 1837, 156; title: 59 Former County Building, southeast corner Griswold and Congress Streets, 194; title: 60 Gratiot Avenue Police Station, 207; title: 61 Trumbull Avenue Police Station, 208; title: 62 Central Police Station, 208; title: 63 Grand River Avenue (sub) Police Station, 208; title: 64 Police Headquarters, 209; title: 65 Old Block House, Jefferson Avenue, 215; title: 66 Old Jail, on site now occupied by Public Library, 215; title: 67 Sheriff’s Residence, Jail and Police Court Room, 216; title: 68 Detroit House of Correction, 217; title: 69 Superintendent’s House — House of Correction, 218; title: 70 Old U. S. Arsenal, corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Streets, 224; title: 71 Officers’ Quarters at Fort Wayne, 225; title: 72 Old Pontiac Tree, 239; title: 73 Pontiac’s Conspiracy Revealed, 241; title: 74 Signature of J. F. Hamtramck, 268; title: 75 Reduced Fac-simile of Hull’s Proclamation to the Canadians, 275; title: 76 Reduced Fac-simile of printed Articles of Capitulation of General Hull, 278; title: 77 Reduced Fac-simile of Proctor’s Proclamations of 1812 and 1813, 279; title: 78 Presentation of Colors to First Regiment, 306; title: 79 Triumphal Arch erected in honor of Colonel O. B. Wilcox, 306; title: 80 Death of Lincoln — Meeting on the Campus Martius, April 16, 1865, 309; title: 81 Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Monument, 312; title: 82 Fac-simile of Cadillac’s Signature, 326; title: 83 Old Masonic Hall, 342; title: 84 Old Odd Fellow’s Hall, Woodward Avenue, 1857, 343; title: 85 Odd Fellows’ Hall, head of Monroe Ave., 343; title: 86 Handbill of Underground Railroad, facsimile one-half size, 347; title: 87 The John Brown House, 348; title: 88 Recreation Park, Entrance and Reception Building, 352; title: 89 Concert handbill of fifty years ago, fac-simile one-half size, 354; title: 90 Harmonie Hall, 355; title: 91 Store of C. J. Whitney, 356; title: 92 The Tomlinson Gallery, 359; title: 93 Randall’s Photographic Studio, 360; title: 94 Plan of Art Loan Building, 361; title: 95 Former Store M. S. Smith & Co., 363; title: 96 Present Store M. S. Smith & Co., 363; title: 97 View of Detroit in 1796, 367; title: 98 River front of Cass and J ones farm in 1819. 368; title: 99 Part of Ste. Anne Street (now Jefferson Avenue) in 1800, 368; title: 100 The Old Cass House on Lamed Street, 369; title: 101 Old Moran House, 372; title: 102 The Old Lafferty House, 372; title: 103 View of Detroit in 1826, 372; title: 104 Governor Hull’s Residence, 373; title: 105 The Campau House, 373; title: 106 Former Gothic Residence of T. H. Hinchman, 374; title: 107 Reduced fac-simile of Map showing location of all buildings in 1853, 375; title: 108 The James Abbott Residence, 376; title: 109 The John Palmer Residence, 376; title: 110 The John Farrar Residence, 377; title: 111 The John Farmer Property, 377; title: 112 The Cass Residence on Fort Street, 377; title: 113 The Duftield Homestead, Woodward Avenue, 378; title: 114 The Brush Homestead, Randolph Street, 378; title: 115 Residence of W. K. Coyl, 379; title: 116 Residence of Wm. Woodbridge, 379; title: 117 Former residence of Solomon Davis, 380; title: 118 Residence of Mrs. James A. Van Dyke, 380; title: 119 Francis Palms, 381; title: 120 James Flattery, 381; title: 121 R. H. Hall, 382; title: 122 A. H. Dey, 382; title: 123 A. C. McGraw, 383; title: 124 A. E. Brush, 383; title: 125 John S. Newberry, 384; title: 126 James McMillan, 385; title: 127 W. G. Thompson, 386; title: 128 H. R. Newberry, 386; title: 129 Thomas Ferguson, 387; title: 130 S. D. Miller, 387; title: 131 Robert P. Toms, 388; title: 132 The Thomas Palmer Homestead, 388; title: 133 Residence of W. K. Muir, 389; title: 134 Jeremiah Dwyer, 389; title: 135 Geo. McMillan, 390; title: 136 Hugh Moffat, 390; title: 137 George S. Davis, 391; title: 138 S. B. Grummond, 391; title: 139 Mrs. Charles Ducharme, 392; title: 140 S. D. Elwood, 392; title: 141 Wm. B. Wesson, 393; title: 142 J. Greenslade, 393; title: 143 J. Michels, 394; title: 144 John Owen, 394; title: 145 G. V. N. Lothrop, 395; title: 146 H. A. Newland, 395; title: 147 Henry P. Baldwin, 396; title: 148 J. F. Joy, 397; title: 149 Mrs. Zachariah Chandler, 397; title: 150 Russell A. Alger, 398; title: 151 Residence of Allan Shelden, 399; title: 152 Former Residence of George S. Frost, 399; title: 153 Residence of Benjamin Vernor, 400; title: 154 Don M. Dickinson, 400; title: 155 Mrs. N. W. Brooks, 401; title: 156 The De Garino Jones Residence, 401; title: 157 Residence of Alexander Delano, 402; title: 158 J. P. Phillips, 402; title: 159 Emily Ward, 403; title: 160 Henry Heames, 403; title: 161 Edwin Reeder, 404; title: 162 D. Scotten, 404; title: 163 W. E. Lovett, 405; title: 164 Bela Hubbard, 405; title: 165 F. Buhl, 406; title: 166 C. H. Buhl, 407; title: 167 M. S. Smith, 407; title: 168 T. D. Buhl, 408; title: 169 George W. Bissell, 408; title: 170 E. Y. Swift, 409; title: 171 Wm. A. Butler, 409; title: 172 D. M. Richardson, 410; title: 173 George H. Hammond, 410; title: 174 Neil Flattery, 411; title: 175 The Utopia, owned by C. M. Springer, 411; title: 176 Residence of Rt. Rev. John S. Foley, 412; title: 177 J. W. Waterman, 412; title: 178 Robert McMillan, 413; title: 179 M. I. Mills, 413; title: 180 John Moore, 414; title: 181 Mrs. John J. Bagley, 414; title: 182 S. F. Hodge, 415; title: 183 David Preston, 415; title: 184 J. S. Vernor, 416; title: 185 E. W. Voigt, 416; title: 186 J. B. Wayne, 417; title: 187 J. A. Roys, 417; title: 188 Alanson Sheley, 418; title: 189 G. O. Robinson, 418; title: 190 O. W. Shipman, 419; title: 191 J. C. Warner, 419; title: 192 H. H. Humphrey, 420; title: 193 William Cowie, 420; title: 194 J. G. Dickinson, 421; title: 195 Edward Burk, 421; title: 196 C. W. Moore, 422; title: 197 J. E. Scripps, 422; title: 198 Former Residence of H. H. LeRoy, 423; title: 199 Residence of E. S. Heineman, 423; title: 200 Mrs. L. R. Medbury, 424; title: 201 C. J. Whitney, 424; title: 202 D. Whitney, Jr., 425; title: 203 John Pridgeon, 425; title: 204 J. S. Farrand, 426; title: 205 Samuel Heavenrich, 426; title: 206 Mrs. H. L. Frue, 427; title: 207 Residence of William C. Williams, 427; title: 208 Philo Parsons, 428; title: 209 F. W. Hayes, 428; title: 210 W. W. Leggett, 429; title: 211 J. Babillion, 429; title: 212 Joseph Black, 430; title: 213 C. H. Smith, 430; title: 214 A. G. Lindsay, 431; title: 215 Simon J. Murphy, 431; title: 216 H. C. Parke, 432; title: 217 R. H. Fyfe, 433; title: 218 G. F. Moore, 433; title: 219 H. S. Pingree, 434; title: 220 John Burt, 435; title: 221 Wells Burt, 435; title: 222 Edward Smith, 436; title: 223 William A. Moore, 436; title: 224 W. H. Stevens, 437; title: 225 C. A. Newcomb, 437; title: 226 Thomas W. Palmer, 438; title: 227 C. C. Bowen, 439; title: 228 W. Boeing, 439; title: 229 Thomas McGraw, 440; title: 230 L. L. Farnsworth, 440; title: 231 Former Residence of Charles Endicott, 441; title: 232 Residence of H. K. White, 442; title: 233 G. S. Wormer, 442; title: 234 D. M. Ferry, 442; title: 235 Simon Heavenrich, 443; title: 236 George C. Codd, 443; title: 237 H. W. Rickel, 444; title: 238 Elisha Taylor, 444; title: 239 A. E. F. White, 445; title: 240 James V. Campbell, 445; title: 241 George Jerome, 446; title: 242 C. W. Noble, 447; title: 243 G. S. Frost, 447; title: 244 H. P. Bridge, 448; title: 245 Former Residence of W. and W. S. Harsha, 448; title: 246 “Edgemere,” Residence of Joseph H. Berry, Grosse Pointe, 449; title: 247 "Beaurivage,” Residence of John B.Dyar, Grosse Pointe, 449; title: 248 “The Poplars,” Residence of W. A. McGraw, Grosse Pointe, 450; title: 249 “Sans Souci,” Residence of M. S. Smith, Grosse Pointe, 450; title: 250 “Lake Terrace,” Residence of Mrs. John S. Newberry, Grosse Pointe 451; title: 251 "Lake Terrace,” Residence of James McMillan, Grosse Pointe, 451; title: 252 “The Pines,” Residence of Alfred E. Brush, Grosse Pointe, 452; title: 253 “Otsikita,” Residence of W. K. Muir, Grosse Pointe, 452; title: 254 “Tonnancour,” Residence of T. P. Hall, Grosse Pointe, 453; title: 255 “Bellehurst,” Residence of H. A. Newland, Grosse Pointe, 454; title: 256 “Summerside,” Residence of G. V. N, Lothrop, Grosse Pointe, 454; title: 257 “Cloverleigh,” Residence of H. B. Ledyard, Grosse Pointe, 455; title: 258 “Cloverleigh,” Residence of Hugh McMillan, Grosse Pointe, 455; title: 259 “Belle Meade,” Residence of Dudley B. Woodbridge, Grosse Pointe, 456; title: 260 Residence of the late Edward Lyon, Grosse Isle, 456; title: 261 The Smart Block — Present site of Merrill Block, 457; title: 262 View of north side of Jefferson Avenue and Griswold Street, in 1837, 457; title: 263 Northwest corner of Woodward Avenue and Lamed Street in 1862, 458; title: 264 The Abbott Block in 1845, 458; title: 265 The Rotunda Building, 459; title: 266 View of southwest corner of Griswold and Larned Streets in 1870, 459; title: 267 The Campau Building, 461; title: 268 The Newberry & McMillan Building, 462; title: 269 The Buhl Block, 463; title: 270 The Merrill Block, 464; title: 271 The Ferry Building — Newcomb, Endicott & Co.’s Store, 465; title: 272 The Wesson Building — Taylor, Woolfenden & Co.’s Store. 466; title: 273 The Cleland Building, 467; title: 274 The Moffat Building, 468; title: 275 J. E. Pittman’s Coal Dock, foot of Riopelle Street, 470; title: 276 The Coyl Building, 471; title: 277 Old Council House — original appearance, 472; title: 278 Council House — as enlarged, 472; title: 279 Old Court House or Capitol, 473; title: 280 Fac-simile of Scrip issued by the Governor and Judges, 474; title: 281 Old City Hall and surroundings, 476; title: 282 The City Hall, 477; title: 283 Arbeiter Hall, 478; title: 284 Detroit Opera House, 478; title: 285 Whitney’s Original Opera House, 479; title: 286 Former Music Hall— now White’s Grand Theatre, 479; title: 287 Woodworth’s Steamboat Hotel, 480; title: 288 The Mansion House, 481; title: 289 National Hotel in 1846, 482; title: 290 The Russell House, 483; title: 291 Andrew’s Railroad Hotel and Pontiac Depot, 484; title: 292 Wales Hotel, 485; title: 293 Perkins’ Hotel, 487; title: 294 The Kirkwood Hotel, 488; title: 295 Burning of First Presbyterian Church, 495; title: 296 Old No. 1 — “The Goose Neck,” 503; title: 297 An Old Fire-bucket, 505; title: 298 Old Fireman’s Hall, 506; title: 299 Old No. 5 Engine House, Clifford Street, 507; title: 300 A “Mose” of the Olden Time, 508; title: 301 The Banner of Old No. 4, 510; title: 302 Old Joe, the Fireman’s Dog, 511; title: 303 Clifford Street Engine House, and Steamer No. 3 ready for Funeral Procession of President Lincoln, 512; title: 304 Fire Commissioners’ Office and Engine House, 513; title: 305 Engine House, corner Larned and St. Antoine Streets, 514; title: 306 Engine House, corner of Larned and Riopelle Streets, 514; title: 307 Engine House, corner of Fort Street and Elmwood Avenue, 515; title: 308 Engine House, Eighteenth Street, 515; title: 309 Engine House, Hastings Street between Congress and Larned Streets, 516; title: 310 Engine House, Alexandrine Avenue, 516; title: 311 Engine House, corner of High and Russell Streets, 517; title: 312 Engine House, corner of Sixth and Baker Streets, 518; title: 313 Engine House, Montcalm Street, 518; title: 314 Engine House, Clifford Street, 519; title: 315 Engine House, Sixteenth Street, head of Bagg Street, 520; title: 316 A Steam Fire Engine, 521; title: 317 Firemen’s Hall, Jefferson Avenue, 522; title: 318 First Page of St. Anne’s Records, 528; title: 319 St. Anne’s Catholic Church, original appearance, 534; title: 320 St. Anne’s Catholic Church in 1886, 534; title: 321 Holy Trinity Catholic Church, 536; title: 322 Memorial Tablet in Holy Trinity Catholic Church, 537; title: 323 St. Mary’s Catholic Church, 538; title: 324 Residence of Franciscan Fathers of St. Mary’s Church, 538; title: 325 St. Anne’s Catholic Church in 1888, 538; title: 326 Catholic Church and former Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul, 539; title: 327 Original St. Joseph’s Church, 540; title: 328 St. Joseph’s Catholic Church, 540; title: 329 St. Anthony’s German Catholic Church, 541; title: 330 St. Patrick’s Catholic Church, 541; title: 331 St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church and Priest’s House, 542; title: 332 Catholic Church of Our Lady of Help, 542; title: 333 St. Boniface’s Catholic Church, 543; title: 334 St. Albert’s Catholic Church, 544; title: 335 St. Aloysius Catholic Pro-Cathedral and Priest’s House, 544; title: 336 New St. Albert’s Catholic Church, 545; title: 337 St. Joachim’s French Catholic Church and School, 546; title: 338 Sacred Heart German Catholic Church and School, 546; title: 339 St. Wenceslaus’ Catholic Church, 546; title: 340 Catholic Church of Holy Redeemer, 547; title: 341 St. Cassimir’s Catholic Polish School and Church, 547; title: 342 St. Bonaventure’s Catholic Church and Monastery, 548; title: 343 Grotto of Church of the Assumption, Connor’s Creek, 548; title: 344 First Protestant, afterwards Trinity Catholic Church, 556; title: 345 Fac-simile of Scrip issued by First Protestant Society, 557; title: 346 Reduced fac-simile of Articles of Incorporation of First Methodist Episcopal Church, 1st page, 560; title: 347 Reduced fac-simile of Articles of Incorporation of First Methodist Episcopal Church, 2d page, 561; title: 348 Reduced fac-simile of Articles of Incorporation of First Methodist Episcopal Church, 3d page, 562; title: 349 Reduced fac-simile of Articles of Incorporation of First Methodist Episcopal Church, 4th page, 563; title: 350 First Methodist Episcopal Church, original brick building, 565; title: 351 First Methodist Episcopal Church, corner Woodward Ave. and State Street, 566; title: 352 Central Methodist Episcopal Church, 568; title: 353 Congress Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 570; title: 354 Original Lafayette Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 570; title: 355 Tabernacle Methodist Episcopal Church, 570; title: 356 Walnut Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 571; title: 357 Simpson Methodist Episcopal Church, 571; title: 358 Jefferson Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, 572; title: 359 Palmer Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church, 572; title: 360 Sixteenth Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 573; title: 361 Junction Methodist Episcopal Church, 574; title: 362 Delray Methodist Episcopal Church, 574; title: 363 Cass Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, 575; title: 364 Second German Methodist Episcopal Church, 576; title: 365 Thirty-second Street German Methodist Episcopal Church, 576; title: 366 Lafayette Street African Methodist Episcopal Church, 577; title: 367 Ebenezer African Methodist Episcopal Church, 577; title: 368 Bethel Church of Evangelical Association — Original Building, 578; title: 369 Bethel Church of Evangelical Association — Second Building, 578; title: 370 St. Paul’s Protestant Episcopal Church, 582; title: 371 Christ Protestant Episcopal Church — Original Building, 583; title: 372 Christ Protestaut Episcopal Church, 583; title: 373 St. Peter’s Protestant Episcopal Church, 584; title: 374 St. John’s Protestant Episcopal Church, 585; title: 375 Grace Protestant Episcopal Church, 586; title: 376 St. Stephen’s Protestant Episcopal Church, 587; title: 377 Emanuel Memorial Protestant Episcopal Church, 587; title: 378 All Saints’ Protestant Episcopal Mission, 588; title: 379 St. James’ Protestant Episcopal Mission, 588; title: 380 Protestant Episcopal Mission of Messiah, 589; title: 381 St. Mary’s Protestant Episcopal Mission Chapel, 589; title: 382 Good Shepherd Protestant Episcopal Mission, 589; title: 383 St Barnabas’ Protestant Episcopal Mission, 590; title: 384 St. George’s Protestant Episcopal Church, 590; title: 385 St. Luke’s Protestant Episcopal Memorial Church, 590; title: 386 Original St. Matthew’s Protestant Episcopal Church, 591; title: 387 St. Mathew’s Protestant Episcopal Church, 591; title: 388 St. Joseph’s Protestant Episcopal Chapel, 592; title: 389 Epiphany Reformed Episcopal Church, 592; title: 390 View of Church on Monroe Avenue in 1849, 594; title: 391 First Presbyterian Church, 595; title: 392 Central Presbyterian Church, 596; title: 393 Fort Street Presbyterian Church, 597; title: 394 Jefferson Avenue Presbyterian Church, 598; title: 395 Westminster Presbyterian Church, 599; title: 396 Calvary Presbyterian Church, 600; title: 397 Union Presbyterian Church, 601; title: 398 Memorial Presbyterian Church, 601; title: 399 Trumbull Avenue Presbyterian Chapel, 602; title: 400 Original United Presbyterian Church, 602; title: 401 Dutch Reformed Church, 603; title: 402 Original Building of First Baptist Church, 605; title: 403 Baptist Church, corner of Fort and Griswold Streets — First Brick Building, 605; title: 404 Baptist Church, corner of Fort and Griswold Streets — Second Brick Building, 606; title: 405 Cass Avenue Baptist Church, 607; title: 406 Second Baptist Church (colored), 607; title: 407 Lafayette Avenue Baptist Church, 608; title: 408 First German Baptist Church, 608; title: 409 Eighteenth Street Baptist Church, 609; title: 410 Twelfth Street Baptist Church, 609; title: 411 Second German Baptist Church, 610; title: 412 Clinton Avenue Baptist Chapel, 610; title: 413 Clinton Avenue Baptist Church, 610; title: 414 The French Baptist Church, 611; title: 415 First Congregational Church, 613; title: 416 First Congregational Church, Fort Street, 614; title: 417 Woodward Ave. Congregational Church, 615; title: 418 Trumbull Ave. Congregational Church, 615; title: 419 Springwells Congregational Church, 616; title: 420 Mt. Hope Avenue Congregational Mission Chapel, 616; title: 421 View of Monroe Avenue and St. John’s Church in 1872, 617; title: 422 First German Evangelical Protestant St. John’s Church and School, 618; title: 423 Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church, 619; title: 424 St. Paul’s German Evangelical Church, Seventeenth Street, 619; title: 425 Original Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church, 620; title: 426 Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church, 620; title: 427 Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church, 620; title: 428 St. Paul’s Evangelical Lutheran Church, Joseph Campau Avenue, 621; title: 429 St. Matthew’s Evangelical Lutheran Church, 621; title: 430 Zion German Reformed Church, 622; title: 431 St. Peter’s German Evangelical Lutheran Church, 622; title: 432 Former Salem German Evangelical Lutheran Church, 622; title: 433 Si. Luke’s German Evangelical Church, 623; title: 434 St. John’s Independent Lutheran Church, 623; title: 435 Washington Ave. Christian Church, 624; title: 436 Disciples of Christ Church, 625; title: 437 Mission Church of Disciples of Christ, 625; title: 438 New Jerusalem Church, 626; title: 439 Congregational Unitarian Church, 626; title: 440 Church of Our Father, Universalist, 627; title: 441 Third Avenue Mission Chapel, 628; title: 442 Beth El Synagogue, 628; title: 443 Synagogue of Shaary Zedec, 629; title: 444 County Insane Asylum and Poorhouse, 649; title: 445 St. Vincent’s Catholic Female Orphan Asylum, 651; title: 446 Protestant Orphan Asylum, 652; title: 447 St. Mary’s Hospital, original building, 653; title: 448 St. Mary’s Hospital, new building, 653; title: 449 Old Industrial School, 655; title: 450 New Industrial School, 655; title: 451 Former St. Joseph’s Retreat for the Insane, 656; title: 452 St. Luke’s Hospital, Church Home, and Orphanage, 656; title: 453 Harper Hospital, original building, 658; title: 454 Harper Hospital, new building, 659; title: 455 Home of the Friendless, 660; title: 456 Women’s Hospital and Foundlings’ Home, 662; title: 457 House of Providence, 662; title: 458 The Little Sisters’ Home for the Aged Poor, 663; title: 459 The Thompson Home, 664; title: 460 Portrait of Mrs. Isabella G. D. Stewart, 667; title: 461 Tribune Building, 685; title: 462 Free Press Building, 688; title: 463 Michigan Chrtstian Herald Building, 690; title: 464 A Newsboy, 693; title: 465 Detroit News Company’s Store, 696; title: 466 Old Female Seminary, Griswold Street, 716; title: 467 The Detroit Home and Day School, 719; title: 468 German American Seminary, 719; title: 469 Trinity Catholic School, 721; title: 470 St. Mary’s Catholic School, 722; title: 471 St. Joseph’s Catholic School, 722; title: 472 St. Vincent de Paul Catholic School, 723; title: 473 Our Lady of Help Catholic School, 723; title: 474 St. Albert’s Catholic School, 724; title: 475 Polish Franciscan Convent and Mother House, 724; title: 476 Academy of the Sacred Heart, 725; title: 477 Detroit College, 725; title: 478 Trinity Lutheran School, 726; title: 479 Convent of the Sacred Heart. Grosse Pointe, 727; title: 480 Old University Building, Bates Street, 730; title: 481 Goldsmith, Bryant & Stratton’s Business University, 732; title: 482 First Public School Building, 738; title: 483 Old Second Ward Public School, 745; title: 484 The Barstow School, 745; title: 485 The Houghton School, 746; title: 486 The Jackson School, 746; title: 487 The John Owen School, 747; title: 488 The Nichols School, 747; title: 489 The Campbell School, 747; title: 490 The Wilkins School, 748; title: 491 The Lincoln School, 748; title: 492 The Franklin School, 748; title: 493 The Cass School — original appearance, 749; title: 494 The Cass School — as enlarged, 749; title: 495 The High School, 750; title: 496 The Duffield School, 750; title: 497 The Firnane School, 751; title: 498 The New Irving School, 751; title: 499 The Webster School, 752; title: 500 The Trowbridge School, 752; title: 501 The Bishop School — original appearance, 753; title: 502 The Bishop School — as enlarged, 753; title: 503 Seal of the Board of Education, 754; title: 504 The Public Library, 759; title: 505 Fac-simile of a Trader’s License, 768; title: 506 Stores of Moran, Fitzsimons & Co., 769; title: 507 Stores of H. P. Baldwin 2d & Co., 769; title: 508 Store of R. H. Fyfe & Co., 770; title: 509 Stores of Mabley & Co., 771; title: 510 Stores of Mabley & Co., 772; title: 511 Seed Warehouse of D. M. Ferry & Co., 774; title: 512 Seed Farm of D. M. Ferry & Co., 775; title: 513 Stores of L. A. Smith & Co., 776; title: 514 Stores of G. & R. McMillan, 776; title: 515 Stores of Dean, Godfrey & Co., 777; title: 516 Stores of T. B. Rayl & Co., 777; title: 517 Store of P. A. Billings, 778; title: 518 Store of Mumford, Foster & Co., 778; title: 519 Stores of Farrand, Williams & Co., 779; title: 520 Stores of James E. Davis & Co., 779; title: 521 Stores of John J. Dodds & Co., 780; title: 522 Stores of William Reid, 780; title: 523 Stores of Edson, Moore & Co., 781; title: 524 Stores of Allan Shelden & Co., 782; title: 525 Stores of F. Buhl & Co., 783; title: 526 Stores of Heineman, Butzel & Co., 783; title: 527 Stores of Heavenrich Bros., 784; title: 528 Stores of Strong, Lee & Co., 784; title: 529 Stores of A. C. McGraw & Co., 785; title: 530 Stores of H. A. Newland & Co., 785; title: 531 Store of Greenslade, 786; title: 532 Stores of T. H. Hinchman & Sons, 787; title: 533 Store of Dwyer & Vhay, 787; title: 534 Stores of W. J. Gould & Co., 788; title: 535 Old Board of Trade Building, 788; title: 536 Stores of Ducharme, Fletcher & Co., 789; title: 537 New Board of Trade Building, 789; title: 538 Store of Sinclair, Evans & Elliott, 789; title: 539 Store of Standart Bros., 790; title: 540 Stores of Phelps & Brace, 790; title: 541 Stores of Rathbone, Sard & Co., 791; title: 542 Stores of Buhl Sons & Co., 791; title: 543 Former Woodward Avenue Market, 793; title: 544 Vegetable Market, 794; title: 545 Old Washington Market, 795; title: 546 Central Market Building, 796; title: 547 Michigan Car Co.’s Works, 803; title: 548 Peninsular Car Co.’s Works, 805; title: 549 Detroit Steel & Spring Works, 806; title: 550 Russel Wheel & Foundry Co.’s Works, 806; title: 551 Detroit Bridge & Iron Works, 807; title: 552 Fulton Iron & Engine Works, 807; title: 553 Michigan Malleable Iron Co., 808; title: 554 Michel’s Wood Working Machinery Factory, 808; title: 555 Detroit Safe Co.’s Works, 809; title: 556 Detroit Iron and Brass Co.'s Works, 810; title: 557 Detroit Stove Co.’s Works, 811; title: 558 Michigan Stove Co.’s Works, 812; title: 559 Detroit Stove Co.’s Store, 813; title: 560 Griffin Car Wheels Co.'s Works, 814; title: 561 Peninsular Stove Co.’s Works, 815; title: 562 Eureka Iron Co.’s Works, Wyandotte, 815; title: 563 Detroit & Lake Superior Copper Co.’s Works, 816; title: 564 National Pin Co.’s Factory, 817; title: 565 The Middlebrook & Post Manufacturing Co.’s Works, 817; title: 566 Parke, Davis & Co.’s original laboratory, 818; title: 567 Parke, Davis & Co.’s Laboratory in 1884, 819; title: 568 Parke, Davis & Co.’s Laboratory in 1888, 820; title: 569 Capsule Factory of F. A. Hubei, 821; title: 570 Detroit Emery Wheel Co., 822; title: 571 F. Stearns & Co.’s Laboratory, 823; title: 572 Schulte’s Soap Works, 824; title: 573 Detroit White Lead Works, 824; title: 574 Detroit Linseed Oil Co., 825; title: 575 Berry Brothers Varnish Factory, 825; title: 576 The First Tobacco Factory in Detroit, 826; title: 577 The American Eagle Tobacco Factory, 827; title: 578 The Banner Tobacco Factory, 827; title: 579 The Globe Tobacco Factory, 828; title: 580 Scotten’s Hiawatha Tobacco Factory, 828; title: 581 Richardson’s Match Factory, 829; title: 582 The Clough & Warren Organ Factory, 830; title: 583 Hargreaves Manufacturing Company’s actory, 831; title: 584 Pingree & Smith’s Shoe Factory, 832; title: 585 Gray & Baffy’s Furniture and Upholstering Establishment, 833; title: 586 Carriage Factory and Store of Hugh Johnson, 833; title: 587 Beardsley’s Furniture Factory, 834; title: 588 Detroit Stamping Works, 835; title: 589 Vail & Crane’s Cracker and Biscuit Factory, 835; title: 590 Fac-simile of one of Father Richards’ Shinplasters, 847; title: 591 Fac-simile of Note of Detroit City Bank, 851; title: 592 Fac-simile of Note of Detroit Bank, 857; title: 593 Fac-simile of Note of Bank of Michigan, 860; title: 594 Fac-simile of Note of Farmers’ and Mechanics' Bank, 861; title: 595 Fac-simile of Note of Michigan Insurance Bank, 863; title: 596 Detroit Savings Bank, 864; title: 597 Fac-simile of Note of The Peninsular Bank, 865; title: 598 Fac-simile of Note of The State Bank, 866; title: 599 First National Bank, 867; title: 600 People’s Savings Bank, 868; title: 601 Wayne County Savings Bank, exterior view and interior view, 869; title: 602 View of the Vaults of the Safe Deposit Company, 870; title: 603 State Savings Bank, 872; title: 604 Office of Detroit Fire & Marine Insurance Company, 873; title: 605 Office of Michigan Mutual Life Insurance Company, 874; title: 606 The Post Office, 882; title: 607 Railroad Ferry Dock, 890; title: 608 Detroit & Milwaukee Depot in 1865, 894; title: 609 Facsimile of M. C. R. R. Ticket in 1838, 896; title: 610 Original Michigan Central Freight Depot, 898; title: 611 Old Depot Buildings of Michigan Central Railroad on Third Street, 899; title: 612 New Michigan Central Depot, 900; title: 613 First Locomotive in the West and old Passenger Car, 902; title: 614 Double Railroad Bridge at Baker and Fifteenth Streets, 905; title: 615 Jefferson Avenue Railroad Bridge, 906; title: 616 Fac-simileof Collector’s Entry on arrival of the Walk-in-the-Water, 909; title: 617 General Office of the Detroit & Cleveland Steam Navigation Company, 911; title: 618 Docks and Yard of the Detroit Dry Dock Company, 912; title: 619 Iron Ship-building Docks of the Detroit Dry Dock Company, at Wyandotte, 913; title: 620 The Ferry-boat Argo, 916; title: 621 Government Storehouse — Light-house Department, 920; title: 622 The Marine Hospital, 923