Principles Of Logic
Publisher: Longmans, Green, and Co.
Published: 1916
Place of publication: London, England
Language: eng
Table of contents: title: CONTENTS; title: PART I; title: THE LOGIC OF THOUGHT; title: CHAPTER I; title: THE NATURE AND AIM OF LOGIC; title: § 1. Definition of Logic ....... 1; title: § 2. Divisions of Logic 3; title: § 3. The Place of Logic in Philosophy ....... 5; title: § 4. Scope of Logic ....... 7; title: § 5. History of Logic ....... 8; title: Note. — Different Views as to the Scope of Logic ....... 11; title: CHAPTER II; title: THE CONCEPT : THE NAME : THE TERM; title: § 1. The Concept ....... 15; title: § 2. Repugnant Concepts ....... 18; title: § 3. Adequate, Clear and Obscure Concepts ....... 18; title: § 4. The Name and the Term ....... 19; title: § 5. Categorematic and Syncategorematic Words ....... 19; title: § 6. Divisions of Terms ....... 20; title: § 7. Singular, General and Collective Terms ....... 21; title: § 8. Abstract and Concrete Terms ....... 23; title: § 9. Connotative and non-connotative terms ....... 25; title: § 10. Positive and Negative Terms ....... 31; title: § 11. Absolute and Relative Terms ....... 32; title: § 12. Terms of First and Second Intention ....... 34; title: § 13. Univocal, Equivocal and Analogous Terms ....... 35; title: § 14. Opposition of Terms ....... 36; title: § 15. The ' Suppositio ' of the Term ....... 37; title: CHAPTER III; title: THE JUDGMENT AND THE PROPOSITION; title: § 1. The Proposition ....... 39; title: § 2. Analysis of the Judgment ....... 41; title: § 3. Quality of Propositions ....... 46; title: § 4. Quantity of Propositions ....... 46; title: § 5. The Fourfold Scheme of Propositions ....... 50; title: § 6. Analytic and Synthetic Propositions ....... 51; title: § 7. Complex Propositions ....... 55; title: § 8. Compound Categorical Propositions ....... 56; title: § 9. Modal Propositions ....... 58; title: § 10. Reduction of Propositions to Logical Form ....... 61; title: § 11. Hypothetical Propositions ....... 63; title: § 12. Disjunctive Propositions ....... 65; title: CHAPTER IV; title: THE LAWS OF THOUGHT; title: § 1. The Laws of Thought ....... 67; title: § 2. The Law of Contradiction ....... 69; title: § 3. The Law of Identity ....... 71; title: § 4. The Law of Excluded Middle ....... 73; title: § 5. Other Views as to the Source of the Laws of Thought ....... 75; title: CHAPTER V; title: DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION OF PROPOSITIONS : OPPOSITION OF PROPOSITIONS; title: § 1. Diagrammatic Representation of Propositions : Eulbr's Circles ....... 77; title: § 2. Distribution of Terms in a Proposition ....... 81; title: § 3. Other Methods of Diagrammatic Representation ....... 82; title: § 4. The Opposition of Propositions ....... 84; title: § 5. Opposition as a Means of Inference ....... 88; title: § 6. Contradictory Opposition outside the Four-fold Scheme ....... 89; title: § 7. Contrary Opposition outside the Fourfold Scheme ....... 90; title: CHAPTER VI; title: IMMEDIATE INFERENCE; title: § 1. Immediate Inference ....... 92; title: § 2. Conversio .......  93; title: § 3. Aristotle's Proof of Conversion ....... 97; title: § 4. Equipollence or Obversion ....... 98; title: § 5. Contraposition ....... 99; title: § 6. Inversion ....... 101; title: § 7. Table of Results ....... 102; title: § 8. Other Varieties of Immediate Inference ....... 102; title: CHAPTER VII; title: THE IMPORT OF PROPOSITIONS; title: § 1. Import of Propositions : — Predicative View ....... 105; title: § 2. The Class-inclusion View ....... 106; title: § 3. The Attributive View ....... 109; title: § 4. Implication of Existence ....... 110; title: § 5. The Compartmental View ....... 116; title: § 6. Mr. Bradley on the Proposition ....... 117; title: § 7. Import of the Hypothetical Proposition ....... 119; title: CHAPTER VIII; title: THE PREDICABLES; title: § 1. The Predicables ....... 121; title: § 2. The Tree of Porphyry ....... 129; title: § 3. Aristotle's Predicables ....... 131; title: § 4. The Controversy on Universals ....... 132; title: § 5. The Universal m Modern Logic ....... 135; title: CHAPTER IX; title: THE CATEGORIES; title: § 1. The Categories in their Metaphysical Aspect ....... 137; title: § 2. The Categories in their Logical Aspect ....... 142; title: § 3. The Categories and the Sciences ....... 144; title: § 4. The Categordis as a Classification of Predicates ....... 145; title: § 5. Mill's Scheme of Categories ....... 147; title: § 6. The Categordxs of Kant ....... 148; title: § 7. The Concept of Being ....... 149; title: CHAPTER X; title: DEFINITION AND DIVISION; title: § 1. Definition ....... 150; title: § 2. Various Kinds of Definition ....... 152; title: § 3. Limits of Definition ....... 159; title: § 4. Rules of Definition ....... 159; title: § 5. Logical Division ....... 161; title: § 6. Rules of Division ....... 165; title: § 7. Division by Dichotomy ....... 167; title: § 8. Various Kinds of Division ....... 168; title: CHAPTER XI; title: THE CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM (I); title: § 1. The Categorical Syllogism ....... 169; title: § 2. Relation of Premisses to Conclusion in regard to Truth ....... 172; title: § 3. General Rules of the Syllogism ....... 172; title: § 4. Figures and Moods of the Syllogism ....... 177; title: § 5. Special Rules of the Four Figures ....... 179; title: § 6. The Mnemonic Lines ....... 181; title: § 7. Reduction ....... 182; title: § 8. Superiority of Fig. i ....... 186; title: CHAPTER XII; title: THE CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM (II); title: § 1. Canon of Syllogistic Reasoning ....... 187; title: § 2. The Fourth Figure ....... 191; title: § 3. Expression in Syllogistic Form ....... 193; title: § 4. Progressive and Regressive Syllogisms ....... 194; title: § 5. Validity of the Syllogism ....... 195; title: § 6. Mathematical Reasoning ....... 199; title: § 7. Inferences other than Syllogistic ....... 200; title: § 8. Mr. Bradley's Theory of Inference ....... 201; title: CHAPTER XIII; title: HYPOTHETICAL AND DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISMS; title: § 1. Mixed Hypothetical Syllogisms ....... 203; title: § 2. Reduction of Hypothetical Syllogisms ....... 206; title: § 3. The Disjunctive Syllogism ....... 207; title: § 4. The Dilemma ....... 209; title: § 5. Answering the Dilemma ....... 212; title: CHAPTER XIV; title: INDUCTION; title: § 1. The Nature of Induction ....... 215; title: § 2. Cause and Condition ....... 219; title: § 3. The Aim of Inductive Enquiry ....... 222; title: § 4. Recognition of the Causal Relation ....... 223; title: § 5. The Inductive Syllogism ....... 228; title: § 6. Perfect and Imperfect Induction ....... 231; title: CHAPTER XV; title: THE UNIFORMITY OF NATURE; title: § 1. The Uniformity of Nature ....... 235; title: § 2. J. S. Mill on the Uniformity of Nature ....... 241; title: § 3. "Cessante causa, cessat effectus" ....... 246; title: § 4. Unity of Nature ....... 248; title: CHAPTER XVI; title: ENTHYMEME: SORITES: ANALOGY; title: § 1. Enthymeme ....... 252; title: § 2. The Aristotelian Enthymeme ....... 253; title: § 3. Chains of Reasoning ....... 255; title: § 4. Epichirema ....... 256; title: § 5. Sorites ....... 257; title: § 6. Analogy ....... 259; title: CHAPTER XVII; title: FALLACIES; title: § 1. The Treatment of Fallacies in Logic ....... 264; title: § 2. What Errors are reckoned as Fallacies ....... 265; title: § 3. Aristotle's List of Fallacies ....... 267; title: § 4. Equivocation ....... 268; title: § 5. Amphibology ....... 269; title: § 6. Composition and Division ....... 270; title: § 7. Accent ....... 272; title: § 8. Figure of Speech ....... 272; title: § 9. Accident ....... 274; title: § 10. Confusion of Absolute and Qualified Statement ....... 275; title: § 11. Ignoratio Elenchi ....... 276; title: § 12. Petitio Principii ....... 278; title: § 13. Fallacy of the Consequent ....... 279; title: § 14. False Cause ....... 280; title: 15.; Many Questions ....... 281; title: § 16. Mill's Classification of Fallacies ....... 282; title: PART II; title: APPLIED LOGIC, OR THE METHOD OF SCIENCE; title: CHAPTER XVIII; title: APPLIED LOGIC AND THE LOGIC OF THOUGHT; title: § 1. Science and Philosophy ....... 289; title: § 2. The Subdivisions of Philosophy ....... 293; title: § 3. Logic and Metaphysics ....... 298; title: § 4. The Breach with the Past ....... 300; title: § 5. Bacon ....... 304; title: § 6. Mill ....... 306; title: CHAPTER XIX; title: OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENT; title: § 1. The Function of Observation and Experiment ....... 310; title: § 2. In what Observation Consists ....... 311; title: § 3. Conditions of Observation ....... 313; title: § 4. Experiment ....... 315; title: § 5. Natural Experiments ....... 317; title: § 6. Relative Advantages of Observation and Experiment ....... 317; title: CHAPTER XX; title: METHODS OF INDUCTIVE ENQUIRY; title: § 1. The Four Experimental Methods ....... 320; title: § 2. Further Illustrations of the Methods ....... 325; title: § 3. The Function of the Methods in Proving a Law of Nature ....... 330; title: § 4. Criticism of Mill's Canons ....... 333; title: CHAPTER XXI; title: EXPLANATION; title: § 1. Explanation ....... 337; title: § 2. Explanation by Regressive Reasoning ....... 339; title: § 3. Explanation by Hypothetical Deduction ....... 341; title: § 4. Hypothetical Deduction and Induction ....... 343; title: § 5. Explanation as Employed by Newton ....... 344; title: § 6. Newton's Rules of Philosophizing ....... 349; title: CHAPTER XXII; title: HYPOTHESIS; title: § 1. Hypothesis ....... 354; title: § 2. Origin of Hypothesis ....... 357; title: § 3. Conditions of a Leghtmate Hypothesis ....... 359; title: § 4. Various Kinds of Hypotheses ....... 361; title: CHAPTER XXIII; title: QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION: ELIMINATION OF CHANCE; title: § 1. Measurement ....... 363; title: § 2. Methods of Approximation ....... 367; title: § 3. Chance ....... 369; title: § 4. Elimination of Chance ....... 372; title: § 5. Probability ....... 373; title: CHAPTER XXIV; title: CLASSIFICATION; title: § 1. Classification ....... 380; title: § 2. Artificial Classification ....... 382; title: § 3. The Doctrine of Natural Species ....... 384; title: § 4. Natural Classification ....... 389; title: § 5. Classification by Series ....... 393; title: CHAPTER XXV; title: METHOD; title: § 1. Scientific Method ....... 395; title: § 2. The Methodic Pursuit of Truth ....... 398; title: § 3. Philosophic Terminology ....... 400; title: § 4. Descartes' Rules of Method ....... 402; title: § 5. Leibniz's Views on Method ....... 404