Pollution Prevention and Control: Part II Material and Energy Balances
Publisher: Bookboon.com
Published: 2013
ISBN-13: 9788740307733
Table of contents: title: Content; title: 1. The Fundamentals of Design; title: 1.1. The Design Problem; title: 1.2. The Fundamental Concepts; title: 1.3. The Material Balance and the Energy Balance; title: 1.4. Block Diagrams; title: 1.5. Block Diagrams and the Material Balance; title: 1.6. Inventing the Block Diagram; title: 1.7. Process Flow Diagrams; title: 1.8. Design Drawings and Specifications; title: 1.9. Process and Instrumentation Diagrams; title: 1.10. Structure of this Book; title: 1.11. Conclusion; title: 2. Measures of Pollution; title: 2.1. The Problem; title: 2.2. Pollutants; title: 2.3. Units; title: 2.4. Liquids, Sludge and Solids; title: 2.5. Gases; title: 2.6. Conclusion; title: 3. Pollution Prevention; title: 3.1. The Design Problem; title: 3.2. Pollution Audit – The First Steps; title: 3.3. Case Study – Sweet Potato Canning; title: 3.4. Case Study – Water Reuse and Toxic Metals Management; title: 3.5. Case Study – Reducing Phenol Emissions; title: 3.6. Case Study – Reclaiming Gallium Arsenide from Semiconductor Manufacturing; title: 3.7. Conclusion; title: 4. Conservation of Mass; title: 4.1. The Basic Principle; title: 4.2. Accumulation of Mass; title: 4.3. Style in Material Balance Formulation; title: 4.4. Checking the Material Balance for Accuracy; title: 4.5. Application – Desalting Water by Reverse Osmosis; title: 4.6. Application – Drying Sludge with Warm Air; title: 4.7. Application – Boiler Blowdown; title: 4.8. Application – Water Conservation in Rinsing Operations; title: 4.9. Application – Effluent Limits and Waste Load Allocation; title: 4.10. Material Balance for Partitioning Between Air, Water, and Soil; title: 4.11. Application: Partitioning to Pyrene in a Small Lake; title: 4.12. Conclusion; title: 5. Solving Systems of Equations; title: 5.1. The Design Problem; title: 5.2. Design Degrees of Freedom; title: 5.3. Design Variable Selection; title: 5.4. Information Flow and Precedence Order; title: 5.5. Iterative Solutions of Systems with Information Recycle; title: 5.6. Systems with Physical Recycle of Material; title: 5.7. Using the Structural Array to Organize Calculations; title: 5.8. Computer-Aided Design; title: 5.9. Conclusion; title: 6. Material Balance with Chemical Reactions; title: 6.1. The Design Problem; title: 6.2. Material Balances with Chemical Reactions; title: 6.3. Reaction Stoichiometry; title: 6.4. Case Study – Chemical Precipitation of Metals; title: 6.5. Empirical Stoichiometry in Wastewater Treatment; title: 6.6. Case Study – Anaerobic Sludge Digestion; title: 6.7. Case Study – Aerobic Wastewater Treatment; title: 6.8. Hypothetical Case Study – Cutter Chemicals; title: 6.9. Conclusion; title: 7. The Unsteady-State Material Balance; title: 7.1. The Design Problem; title: 7.2. The Unsteady-State Material Balance; title: 7.3. Unsteady-State Storage Systems; title: 7.4. The Unsteady-State Material Balance – Batch Smoothing; title: 7.5. Smoothing the Flow Rate; title: 7.6. Smoothing Concentrations; title: 7.7. Smoothing Mass Loads; title: 7.8. Dynamic Response of Continuous Flow Reactors; title: 7.9. Numerical Solutions; title: 7.10. Case Study – Municipal Activated Sludge Process; title: 7.11. Conclusion; title: 8. Water Conservation and Reuse; title: 8.1. The Design Problem; title: 8.2. Industrial Water Cycle; title: 8.3. Cooling Towers; title: 8.4. Process Water Reuse; title: 8.5. Water Reuse and Water Quality; title: 8.6. Mass Exchange Operations; title: 8.7. The Composite Mass-Concentration Curve; title: 8.8. Conclusion; title: 9. Accounting for Energy; title: 9.1. The Design Problem; title: 9.2. Conservation of Energy – The First Law of Thermodynamics; title: 9.3. The Heat Trap – The Second Law of Thermodynamics; title: 9.4. Energy Units; title: 9.5. Arithmetic Equivalence of Energy Units; title: 9.6. Energy Conversion Efficiency; title: 9.7. Renewable Energy; title: 9.8. Conclusion; title: 10. The Energy Balance and Enthalpy; title: 10.1. The Design Problem; title: 10.2. Enthalpy; title: 10.3. Specific Heat; title: 10.4. Cooling Tower Energy Balance; title: 10.5. Boiler Efficiency and Water Use; title: 10.6. Conclusion; title: 11. Energy Conservative Design; title: 11.1. The Design Problem; title: 11.2. Heat Exchangers; title: 11.3. Heat Exchanger Networks (HENs); title: 11.4. Pinch Analysis for Heat Exchanger Network Design; title: 11.5. Conclusion; title: 12. Combustion of Municipal Refuse and Biogas; title: 12.1. The Design Problem; title: 12.2. Combustion Stoichiometry; title: 12.3. Composition of Solid Waste; title: 12.4. Heating Value of Waste Materials; title: 12.5. Incineration of Solid Waste and Sludge; title: 12.6. Energy Recovery from Landfill Gas; title: 12.7. Energy Recovery from Anaerobic Sludge Digestion; title: 12.8. Conclusion; title: 13. Thermal Incineration of Waste Gas; title: 13.1. The Design Problem; title: 13.2. Safety – The Explosive Limits; title: 13.3. Thermal Incineration; title: 13.4. Catalytic Incineration of Waste Gases; title: 13.5. Case Study – Recovery of Heat from Combustion of Waste Gases; title: 13.6. Case Study – Energy Balance on a Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer; title: 13.7. Conclusion; title: 14. Energy Consumption by Pumping; title: 14.1. Water and Energy; title: 14.2. Pump Efficiency; title: 14.3. The Pump Curve and Efficiency Curve; title: 14.4. Power Requirements; title: 14.5. Calculating Head Losses from K Values; title: 14.6. Designing Pumping Systems to Minimize the Cost; title: 14.7. Air Blowers and Compressors; title: 14.8. Conclusion; title: 15. References; title: 16. Appendix 1 – Atomic Numbers and Atomic Masses; title: 17. Appendix 2 – Conversion Factors; title: 18. Appendix 3 – Densities and Specific Weights; title: 19. Appendix 4 – Heating Values; title: 20. Appendix 5 – Enthalpy of Water and Steam