Malay secret societies in the northern Malay states, 1821-1940s
By: Mahani Musa.
Contributors: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Malaysian Branch.
Series: Monograph -- 39
Publisher: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
Published: 2007
Place of publication: [Kuala Lumpur]
Language: eng
Number of pages: 185
ISBN-13: 9789679948363
Work titles: Kongsi gelap Melayu di negeri-negeri utara pantai barat Semenanjung Tanah Melayu, 1821 hingga 1940-an.
Description: This important study describes the origins and development of Malay secret societies in the northern states of the Malay peninsula between 1821 and 1941. The author focuses on the activities of several organizations, including the Red Flags and White Flags in Penang, Perak and Kedah. These societies had their beginnings as welfare and religious associations, but often degenerated into criminal activities. Their involvement often led to disturbances at Boria musical performances, the Muharam celebrations and soccer matches.
Notes: Revision of the author's thesis (master's)--Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1991.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-169) and index.