Blackouts
Publisher: U.S. G.P.O.
Published: 1941-08
Place of publication: Washington, D.C., USA
Language: eng
Table of contents: title: Table of Contents; title: CHAPTER I: Planning the Blackout; title: Section I: General Considerations; title: Purpose 1; title: Scope 2; title: Definitions 3; title: Blackout Training and Procedure 4; title: Action After Blackouts 5; title: Basic Considerations in Planning Blackouts 6; title: Section II: Responsibility for Execution of Blackouts; title: Legalizing Blackout Enforcement 7; title: Enforcement Organization 8; title: Section III: Advance Planning and Preparations; title: Phases 9; title: Objective 10; title: Education of the Public 11; title: Training 12; title: Summary of Steps for Organizing Black-outs 13; title: Section IV: Communications and Air Raid Warning Messages; title: Air Raid Warning Messages 14; title: Section V: Extent and Nature of Lighting Restrictions; title: General 15; title: Reduction in Outside Illumination 16; title: Obscuration 17; title: Studies to be Made 18; title: Typical Restrictions 19; title: CHAPTER II: Obscuration Methods and Materials; title: Section I: General; title: Importance 20; title: Costs 21; title: Materials 22; title: Section II: Treatment of Glazed Surfaces; title: General 23; title: Strength of Glass 24; title: Glass Installations 25; title: Use of Paint 26; title: Adhesive Treatments on Glass 27; title: Splinter Protection 28; title: Light Weight Screens 29; title: Sky Lights 30; title: Ventilation 31; title: CHAPTER III: Individual Persons and Dwellings; title: Section I: The Individual; title: General 32; title: Advice to the Individual 33; title: Individual Blackout Equipment for Street Use 34; title: Section II: The Individual Dwelling; title: General 35; title: Preparation for Obscuration 36; title: Conduct During an Air Raid 37; title: CHAPTER IV: Stores, Factories, and Industrial Buildings; title: Section I: General; title: Importance 38; title: Blackout Methods 39; title: Section II: Preliminary Preparations; title: General 40; title: Supplies of Essential Services 41; title: Emergency Communications 42; title: Lighting Restrictions 43; title: Section III: Industrial Light Control; title: General 44; title: Obscuration Considerations 45; title: Details of Factory Installations 46; title: Substitutes for Glass 47; title: Blast Mattresses 48; title: Complementary Colors 49; title: Paints 50; title: Screens and Splinter Protection 51; title: Typical Screen Installations 52; title: Ventilation 53; title: Section IV: Light-Locks; title: Essential Features 54; title: Interior of Lock 55; title: Typical Examples 56; title: Treatment of Emergency Exits 57; title: Provision of Illuminated Signs Within Light-Locks 58; title: Graduation of Light in the Vicinity of Light-Locks 59; title: Other Screening Devices 60; title: Section V: Miscellaneous Measures; title: Windowless Factories 61; title: Smoke in Connection with Blackouts 62; title: Glow from Industrial Processes 63; title: Methods of Preventing Glow 64; title: CHAPTER V: Utilities, Municipal Services, and Installations; title: Section I: General; title: Importance 65; title: Utilities 66; title: Municipal Services 67; title: Preparations and Planning 68; title: Section II: Electric Light and Power; title: General 69; title: Light Pattern Diversity 70; title: Section III: Municipal Services; title: General 71; title: Waste Disposal 72; title: Section IV: Hospitals; title: General 73; title: Alternate Lighting Methods 74; title: CHAPTER VI: Transportation; title: Section I: General; title: Types 75; title: Importance 76; title: Section II: Motor Transportation; title: Aids to Movement 77; title: Self-Luminous Materials 78; title: Illuminated Signs 79; title: Traffic Light Signals 80; title: Route Numbers and Direction Signs 81; title: Warning Signs 82; title: Safety Zones and Obstructions 83; title: Distinctive Markings 84; title: Pedestrian Crossing Places 85; title: Motor Vehicle Blackout Devices 86; title: Duties of Traffic Police in Blackouts 87; title: Highway Traffic Devices 88; title: Section III: Railroads and Electric Lines; title: Railroads 89; title: Electric Street, Elevated and Similar Lines 90; title: Section IV: Water Transportation; title: Navigation Lights 91; title: Instructions 92; title: Section V: Air Transportation; title: APPENDIX I: Bibliography; title: APPENDIX II: Type Specifications for Blackout Materials and Devices.; title: LIST OF FIGURES; title: 1. Typical city street intersection before black-out 3; title: 2. Same intersection as Figure 1 with semi-black-out and total black-out 3; title: 3. Perfect targets for air bombing — an important industrial area with obvious important centers ablaze with lights. 4; title: 4. Lighted city street — note brightness of light sources and reflections from car tops 5; title: 5. Same city street as Figure 3 blacked-out. 5; title: 6. Airplane flares and antiaircraft search-light beams 6; title: 7. Typical poster publicity to advertise blackout tests 8; title: 8. Typical internal lightweight opaque screen 17; title: 9. Making lightweight 18; title: 10. Temporary improvised screen blind (window shade) 20; title: 11. Inexpensive form of lightweight screen. 21; title: 12. Obscuration of skylights 22; title: 13. Obscuration of skylights 22; title: 14. Improved type of saw-tooth roof construction 23; title: 15. Types of ventilators 23; title: 16. Types of ventilators 23; title: 17. DO NOT run when air-raid warnings sound after dark during black-outs. 25; title: 18. Use your flashlight as little as possible, if at all. Never point it upward nor at any object that might reflect upward. 25; title: 19. Know where you want to go and how to get there. Keep to the right 25; title: 20. Keep pets on leash if you take them out after dark 25; title: 21. If you are hurt, move to the nearest wall and ask the first persons who come along to report your injury to the nearest first-aid station 25; title: 22. If you are not familiar with the neighborhood, ask someone who is or report to the first policeman or air-raid warden 25; title: 23. Black-out wearing apparel using white materials 26; title: 24. A type of factory construction most difficult to black out 28; title: 25. Typical metal wool mattress for covering windows 31; title: 26. Detailed dimensions for blast mattresses 31; title: 27. Sliding tray screen under roof lights 33; title: 28. External obscuring boards 34; title: 29. External hinged shutters 34; title: 30. Outside tarpaulin and inside roller blind 34; title: 31. Internal sliding shutter 34; title: 32. Internal sliding shutter providing temporary weather protection 35; title: 33. External sliding shutters operated from the inside 35; title: 34. External sliding shutter, horizontal movement 35; title: 35. Essential features of inside and outside light locks 37; title: 36. Examples of inside single light locks 38; title: 37. Examples of double and outside light locks 38; title: 38. External removable light locks for factory use 39; title: 39. Hand truck light locks and portable enclosures 40; title: 40. Portable enclosures for rear and side loading of trucks 40; title: 41. Use of portable screens for loading all kinds of trucks 41; title: 42. Proportions of screening for illuminated signs 49; title: 43. Mask or paint stencil for lenses of traffic lights 49; title: 44. Route numbers and direction signs 50; title: 45. Direction and location signs for civilian defense agencies 50; title: 46. Type of screening 51; title: 47. Type of screening 51; title: 48. Signs painted on wall with luminescent paints 52; title: 49. Trees, posts and curbs striped with white paint for guidance of motorists and pedestrians 54