Kongsi gelap Melayu di negeri-negeri utara pantai barat Semenanjung Tanah Melayu, 1821 hingga 1940-an =
Subtitle: Malay secret societies in the northern Malay States, 1821-1940's
By: Mahani Musa.
Series: MBRAS monograph ;; no. 36; Monographs of the Malaysian Branch, Royal Asiatic Society ;; no. 36.
Publisher: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
Published: 2003
Place of publication: [Kuala Lumpur]
Language: may
Number of pages: 190
Other titles: Malay secret societies in the northern Malay States, 1821-1940's
Description: Kajian penting ini memaparkan asal usul dan perkembangan kongsi gelap Melayu di bahagian utara Semenanjung Tanah Melayu antara tahun 1821 dan 1941. Pengarang menumpukan perhatian kepada beberapa buah pertubuhan, termasuk Bendera Merah dan Bendera Putih di Pulau Pinang, Perak dan Kedah. Kongsi gelap Melayu bermula sebagai persatuan kebajikan dan keagamaan, tetapi kemudian ada persatuan yang mengubah bentuk kegiatan mereka menjadi kegiatan berbau jenayah. Peranan mereka sentiasa menyebabkan kekacauan berlaku di masa permainan Boria, perayaan Muharam dan kegiatan kelab-kelab bola sepak.

This important study describes the origins and development of Malay secret societies in the northern states of the Malay peninsula between 1821 and 1941. The author focuses on the activities of several organizations, including the Red Flags and White Flags in Penang, Perak and Kedah. These societies had their beginnings as welfare and religious associations, but often degenerated into criminal activities. Their involvement often led to disturbances at Boria musical performances, the Muharam celebrations and soccer matches.
Notes: In Malay, with summary in English.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-178) and index.
Revision of the author's thesis (master's)--Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1991.