Author: Ramalho Ortigão
Alternate names: José Duarte Ramalho Ortigão; José Duarte Ramalho Ortigão; Jose  Duarte Ramalho Ortigao; Ramalho Ortigao; Ramalho Ortigão; Jose  Duarte Ramalho Ortiga o
Born: 24 November 1836
Died: 27 September 1915
Bio: Ramalho Ortigão was a Portuguese essayist and journalist known for his mastery of Portuguese prose and his critical reflections on his native land.