Author: Frederick Clifford
Bio: Frederick Clifford is an independent researcher specialising in historical small arms and is currently working for Museums Northumberland. His current research interests are the design and production of automatic rifles and submachine guns. He has contributed to a number of books, including *The People’s Army in the Spanish Civil War* (Barnsley: Pen & Sword Publishing, 2020) and has written for *Small Arms Review*. He maintains a blog at augfc.tumblr.com. 

Frederick Clifford has a long-standing interest in the history of small arms - their design, development and operational use - and has concentrated on the submachine gun, one of the characteristic weapons of the world wars. Most recently, Mr. Clifford authored the book, *Submachine Guns of the Second World War* (Pen & Sword Publishing, 2023). Using primary sources, along with a close examination of the weapons themselves, he has compiled this wide-ranging highly illustrated introduction to them.

Source: [Aramax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms](https://www.armaxjournal.org/doi/armax06589) and [Amazon](https://www.amazon.com/Submachine-Guns-Second-World-War/dp/1399091840)