### animal | arthropod | insect | wasp:

Braconid wasps
* are a group of smaller, thicker parasitic wasps
  - an important natural enemy
  - notorious outlaws as far as butterflies are concerned
* parasitize the aphids, and ants feed on the honeydew excreted by feeding aphids
  - upon the honeydew excreted by feeding aphids

Digger wasp
* feed on flower nectar
* resemble social wasps

European wasps
* are fiercely aggressive in protecting their nest
  - unusual as they feed on meat products
* can sting several times in an attack and stung victims can require medical attention.

Female wasp
* have stingers.
* mate in springs.

Female wasps
* Most female wasps have stingers.
* emerge in the spring from galls on the ground and lay eggs in opening buds.

Gall wasp
* are phytophagous insects, that is, they feed on vegetable tissues only
  - some of the oldest known acorn eaters
* can be devastating to many trees in an area of infestation.

### animal | arthropod | insect | wasp:

Hornet
* All hornets are social insects, i.e., they live in a colony, construct a nest, and have a hierarchy.
* All hornets have the ability to sting more than one time
  - two sets of wings
* Most hornets are asexual females and there are typically few males
  - inside nests
  - emerge from nests
  - enter nests
* Most hornets have colonies
  - legs
  - venom
  - make nests
  - survive heat
* Some hornets cause painful sting
  - die in fire
* Some hornets eat grasshoppers
* Some hornets feed on liquids
  - sugary liquids
  - have stages
  - live in Chicago
* also can be predaceous and feed on other insects as well as scavenge from carrion
  - hunt at night so they also catch night-active insects like moth
  - make layers of papery combs, but the combs are covered with a papery envelope
* are Bilaterally symmetrical
  - a social wasp related to the yellowjackets and paper wasps
  - aerial nesters and, like their relative the yellow jacket, make nests of paper
  - attracted to human sweat and running
  - classified as insects and are omnivorous
  - crushed with wooden sticks with flat heads
  - especially aggressive, and have been known to chase people for miles
  - examples of harmful agents
  - far more difficult and dangerous to control than paper wasps
  - found mainly in the Northern Hemisphere
  - harmless unless disturbed
  - hunters
  - more difficult to deal with than paper wasps
  - often much larger than other wasps or bees
  - the largest of all wasps or yellow jackets
* build grayish-brown carton structures which resemble a very large inverted tear drop
  - warped ball shaped nests ranging in size from football to basket ball
* can alert the whole nest.
* catch many soft bodied flying insects to feed their larvae
  - our attention because of their habit of building globular paper nests in trees
* communicate mainly with pheromones.
* construct a gray or brown paper nest five to ten feet above the ground.
* eat eat flies, bees, and wasps.
* feed chiefly on other insects and caterpillars.
* frequently fly into orchards to feed on overripe fruit.
* have a black thorax and abdomen marked with white or bright yellow markings
  - narrow waist with long legs and a stinger
  - short, black bodies with yellow or white markings
  - stings used to kill prey and defend hives
* includes air sacs
  - brains
  - carapaces
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - ears
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - sections
  - shells
  - skulls
  - thoraxes
  - vacuoles
* infest areas.
* inject venom.
* nest under eaves of house.
* possess bodies
  - energy
* require something.
+ Hornet, Hornets and people, Stings: Wasps
  * Hornets have a stinger. They use this to kill prey, and to defend themselves.
  * Hornets can alert the whole nest. This means that all workers there will defend it. This can lead to a dangerous situation.