### b vitamin:

Biotin
* B vitamin
* Some biotin is available in a wide range of foods, though amounts are always very small.

Choline
* B vitamin
* acts like a fat and cholesterol dissolver.
* assists detoxification reactions in the liver.
* combines with fatty acids and phosphoric acid within the liver to form lecithin
  - inositol, in the body to form lecithin
* helps eliminate toxins from the body by supporting liver function
  - generate methyl groups
* is bases
  - chemical compounds
* minimizes fat in the liver and aids in hormone production.

Cobalamin
* contains cobalt, a mineral that stimulates the production of red blood cells.
* helps stimulate metabolism and is indicated for chronic fatigue syndrome.
* is obtained only from animal sources-liver, kidneys, meat, fish, eggs, and milk
  - synthesized exclusively by bacteria

Folate
* are essential in the synthesis of DNA within cells
  - necessary for DNA synthesis within the cells
* enter the cell and are converted into polyglutamated forms.
* help prevent neural tube defects in the offspring.

Nicotinic acid
* can cause dizziness, headaches and sometimes palpitations.
* competes with uric acid for excretion by the kidneys.
* is an essential component of mammalian diet
  - more prevalent in plants, whereas in animals nicotinamide predominates
  - used as a supplement to treat and to prevent niacin deficiencies and pellagra
* necessary part of a healthy diet.

Pantothenic acid
* helps both the adrenals and the thymus gland in the fight against allergies
  - metabolize energy and form tissues
* helps the body grow and develop normally
  - release energy from carbohydrates, protein, and fat
  - to moisten skins
* is acid
  - chemical compounds
* maintains muscle coordination.

### b vitamin:

Thiamine
* also aids digestion, especially of carbohydrates
  - optimizes cognitive activity and brain function
* appears to help stimulate the conversion of glyoxylate to non-toxic byproducts.
* are chemical compounds.
* co-enzyme important in intracellular glucose metabolism.
* improves muscle tone in the stomach, intestines, and heart.
* is also critically important in cardiovascular function
  - important for the proper functioning of the nervous system
  - an important coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, the main energy source of coccidia
  - essential for the body's normal use of carbohydrates
  - found in both the nerves and brain
  - highly vulnerable to the heat generated in feed processing
* is important in energy metabolism
  - the production of energy
  - inactivated by alcohol, sulfites and the tannins found in coffee and tea
  - involved in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
  - linked with phosphoric acid
* is needed mostly in areas with hot, humid summers
  - to break down food such as glucose
  - one of the vitamins required for protein metabolism and growth
  - produced in the rumen
  - sensitive to heat and, like other water soluble vitamins, leaches into cooking water
  - taken up by neuroblastoma cells through a high affinity transporter
  - unstable in presence of trace minerals
  - used to treat thiamine deficiency
* plays a role in metabolizing glucose to produce energy for the brain.
* pyrophosphate is important for carbohydrate metabolism.
* valuable nutrient and one reason why beans have a reputation for being nutritious.
+ Beriberi: Diseases
  * Thiamine is needed to break down food such as glucose. It is also found on the membranes of neurons. Symptoms of beriberi include severe lethargy and tiredness. There are also problems that affect the cardiovascular system, the nervous system, muscles, and gastrointestinal systems. It is often found in people with a history of drinking too much alcohol. There are two kinds of beriberi, wet and dry.