Ion
* Any ion has the oxidation state that is the charge of that ion.
* Be able to determine the electron configuration of ions.
* Many ions are colourless.
* Most ions are in their ground state, but some are in an excited, metastable state.
* Some ions are more active than others or can compete better
  - have a negative charge and some have a positive charge
* achieve maximum stability when they cluster in ionic solids.
* also form in the air when oxygen atoms are hit by cosmic rays or light rays.
* always have a positive charge.
* are a. atoms or molecules that are equal in terms of their number of protons and neutrons
  - all aqueous
  - atoms or group of atoms with a positive or a negative charge
* are atoms or groups of atoms that carry a positive or negative electrical charge
  - that carry a specific positive or negative charge
* are atoms or molecules that have lost or gained electrons
  - which carry a positive or negative charge
  - small groups of atoms that have an electrical charge
* are atoms that are either positively or negatively charged, cationic and anionic respectively
  - carry a positive or negative charge as a result of having lost electrons
* are atoms that have an electrical charge
  - gained or lost electrons
  - which have gained or lost electrons
* are atoms with a high positive charge caused by being nearly stripped of electrons
  - electrons added or removed resulting in an overall positive or negative charge
  - biologically active
  - formed when atoms, or groups of atoms, lose or gain electrons
  - free to move in the liquid ore
  - highly charged species that can readily conduct an electrical current
  - molecules in liquids from which some electrons have been stripped
* are molecules that have been stripped of their electrons
  - gained or lost an electron
  - small electrical charges
  - neutral atoms
  - nothing more than atoms or molecules that have gained or lost an electron
* are particles too
  - with an electric charge
  - small particles that take on an electrical charge
* are the passive electromagnetic spectrum
  - same chemical element with too many or too few electrons
  - usuallly water soluble and are attracted to electrodes of opposite charge
  - very common in astronomy
* basically take out the larger pollutants in the air.
* can also represent the states of trinary logic
  - break a chromosome by breaking bonds btw atoms by knocking out e's
  - consist of two or more atoms
  - cross the membrane only by way of protein channels
  - easily flow through a carrier protein
  - have either an even or odd number of electrons
  - only cross membranes by carrier-mediated transport or by passing through ion channels
* coalesce into a regular repeating arrangement.
* collect in the electron ring as a result of the ionization of background gas.
* conduct electricity.
* diffuse through open channels down electrochemical gradients.
* distribute across cell membrane according to their electrochemical gradient.
* drives work by accelerating charged atoms using an electric field.
* enter the mass spectrometer through two sequential orifices, the sampler and skimmer cones.
* flow across the membranes of neurons through channels, creating an electrical current.
* flow in and out of cells and regulate their activities
  - trigger an electrical signal that propagates down the length of the receiving cell
  - through the open channel and change the post synaptic potential
* generally require membrane proteins to get through as do larger polar molecules.
* go into solution.
* have a positive electric charge
  - small electric charge that can be detected
  - high P values, whereas water has a rather low value
  - mobility in solution and hence can conduct current
  - very different properties than the neutral atom and are very important in reactions
* includes sections.
* make up molecules.
* move across membranes causing biochemical changes
  - down the density gradient
  - through the salt bridge to keep the individual cells electrically neutral
* pass through the more polar lumen of the helix.
* passes through many graphite layers.
* passively diffuse into the fish, with or down their concentration gradient.
* penetrate the microvillus.
* play an important role in most chemical systems in everyday life.
* pumps as energy converters.
* react to the energy, and heat is caused by friction between moving ions.
* start as stable molecules or particles within an airspace
  - within an air space
* then recombine to create light, the colour depending on the kind of gas.
* try to surround themselves with as many ions of opposite charge as closely as possible.
+ Anion: chemistry
  * Anions are one of the two types of ions. The other type is called a cation, and these have a positive charge. Ions are atoms that have an electrical charge.
+ Ion, Chemistry
  * Many ions are colourless. Elements in the main groups in the Periodic Table form colourless ions. Some ions are coloured. The transition metals usually form coloured ions.