### animal | larva | caterpillar:

Mature caterpillar
* are yellowish with black and brown markings, and have many tufts of long hair.
* chew large , ragged holes in the leaves leaving the large veins intact.
* have black heads and a broad black stripe running the length of their back.
* hibernate in leaf litter.
+ Horseradish, Pests and diseases: Root vegetables :: Medicinal plants :: Spices :: Brassicaceae :: Condiments
  * Full grown caterpillars are about  in length. They move sluggishly when prodded. They overwinter in green pupal cases. Adults start appearing in gardens after the last frost and are a problem through the remainder of the growing season. There are three to five overlapping generations a year. Mature caterpillars chew large, ragged holes in the leaves leaving the large veins intact. Handpicking is effective for control.

### animal | larva | caterpillar:

Monarch caterpillar
* Most monarch caterpillars eat leaves.
* Most monarch caterpillars feed on foliage
  - milkweed foliage
  - plants
* Some monarch caterpillars eat milkweeds
  - feed on milkweeds
  - shed skin
* are also easy to recognize, with distinctive coloration
  - easy to find on Swamp Milkweed
  - fussy eaters
  - nothing but milkweed leaves
  - the leaves of the milkweed plant
* feed exclusively on milkweed
* feed on milkweed foliage
* feed only on milkweed leaves, but the adults nectar from a variety of flowers
* have two pairs of filaments
  - tentacles
* ingest the toxins from the milkweed they eat.
* subsist on milkweed, which often grows in or near corn fields.

Moth caterpillar
* Most moth caterpillars eat leaves
  - make silk
  - spin a cocoon made of silk when they go into the pupal stage
* Some moth caterpillars have impact.
* can barely see at all.
+ Differences between butterflies and moths, Morphological differences, Pupae: Lepidoptera
  * Most moth caterpillars spin a cocoon made of silk when they go into the pupal stage. Most butterflies on the other hand form an exposed pupa called a chrysalis.

### animal | larva | caterpillar:

Older caterpillar
* are black or greenish with stripes
  - with yellow or orange stripes running the length of their bodies
* are green to almost black with stripes along each side
  - with prominent eyespots on humped area near head
  - solitary feeders
  - very distinct in their appearance
* begin feeding from the leaf edges and consume entire leaves.
* chew holes in leaves or consume leaves altogether.
* develop a deep blue velvet coloration with a sparse covering of long brown hairs.
* eat half of the leaf before moving to the other half.
* feed alone
  - on older leaves and tunnel into fruit
* feeding on plants of the parsley family prefer to eat the flowers.
* have a dark line along each side of the upper back
  - two different color forms
* hide during the day at the base of the plant and feed at night.
* make daytime shelters by pulling leaf edges together with silk.
* tend to be solitary eaters.
+ Eurytides marcellus, Life cycle
  * They are sometimes laid on the tree trunks. The egg is pale green. After three days it turns an orange-brown color. It turns dark gray just before hatching. Young caterpillars are black. Older caterpillars have two different color forms. The more common form is green. It has yellow and white stripes. The more rare form is black with white and orange stripes. The caterpillar has a bad smelling, forked gland called an osmeterium. It is found just behind the head.

Puss caterpillar
* are broadly polyphagous on shrubs and trees.
* propel their fecal pellets.

Redhumped caterpillar
* pass the winter as full grown larvae in cocoons on the ground.
* seem to be more abundant after a warm winter.