### animal | arthropod | insect | fly:

True fly
* True Flies have complete metamorphosis
  - flies appear to have only two wings
* True flies are a diverse group
  - from the order Diptera and have more recently adapted in many environments
* True flies have one pair of wings, while other flying insects have two pairs
  - only one pair of wings, and sometimes, none at all
  - two wings, but they evolved from insects that had four wings
  - possess only a single pair of wings

### animal | arthropod | insect | fly:

Tsetse fly
* Most tsetse flies are physically very tough.
* Tsetse flies are attracted to bright colours, very dark colours and moving vehicles
  - day biters
  - found only in Africa and they live in rural environments
  - poor flyers and can only fly short distances
  - the cyclic vectors of sleeping sickness and African animal trypanosomosis
  - vectors of trypanosomiasis that affects humans as well as domestic livestock
  - breed slowly
  - have three distinct symbionts
  - inhabit Africa only south of the Sahara
* Tsetse flies occur in Africa
  - today in tropical Africa and as fossils in the Florissant formation

White fly
* White flies are a problem in cotton and peanuts in some areas
  - tenacious insects that can be very difficult to control
  - the only pest to look for
  - can be a persistent, irritating problem
  - look like, well, white flies
  - seem to be somewhat lower in most fields, but can easily be found
* can be very difficult to get rid of.
* carries a virus that causes a curling of the tomato leaves.
* finds tomato plants a great source of food.

Yellow fly
* Most yellow flies like to be in the shade, and they stay away from bright sunlight.
* is another name for deer fly
  - really another name for deer fly

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Fruit fly
* All fruit flies are very small insects that lay their eggs in various plant tissues.
* Fruit flies are a problem in Middle Guinea more so than Upper Guinea
  - serious pests in areas where they are problem
* Fruit flies are among the easiest to collect and observe
  - most serious pests of citrus worldwide
  - an invertebrate commonly used in animal testing
  - attracted to rotting fruit or sweet smelling scraps in the bin
  - common subjects for biologists as they breed quickly There are side effects
  - easy to get and maintain
  - geneticists' experimental animal of choice
  - known to have nociceptors, and it is likely that other insects do, too
  - light brownish yellow in colour with bands across the abdomen
  - more of a nuisance than a serious problem
  - most important group of pests which attack guava
  - much more complex than already complex single-cell bacteria
  - no different
  - primarily nuisance pests
  - small and easy to raise in the laboratory
  - attack the ripe fruits
* Fruit flies can be an occasional nuisance
  - provide clues to understanding human genetic diseases
  - exhibit the same reaction, and humans are predicted to respond similarly
  - gestate in eleven minutes
  - get their common name from their small size and fondness of some fruits
  - has a small number of easily identifiable chromosomes
* Fruit flies have five pairs
  - no lungs
  - really huge genes, visible under a microscope
* Fruit flies have several advantages over hatchling crickets as a live food
  - varieties of retrotransposons
  - three pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes
  - make up a large number of species
  - prefer a diet of yeast, that marvelous microbe that eats fruit and spits out alcohol
  - produce a large number of offspring
  - seem to find rotting fruit and go wild with it
  - stop at that to achieve dosage compensation
  - threaten a variety of California agriculture products
  - use antennas for hearing
* Most fruit flies have red eyes but occasionally some appear with white ones.
* break out in California.
* have blood like substances.
* is an insect
* serious pest where they are a problem.