Smoking
* 'current issue' that is never given the proper status of a 'current issue'.
* 'risk factor' for getting asthma.
* Focuses around the dangers of smoking.
* More smoking leads to more addiction, more illness and more early death.
* Most smoking begins during the stressful transition to puberty and junior high.
* accelerates biotin catabolism in women
  - bone loss
* accelerates the aging process
  - deposit of fats onto blood vessels
* accounts for more than one of every six deaths.
* activates genes that cause skin to wrinkle.
* acts as a short cut to a million emotional states.
* actually makes it more difficult for someone to play sports
  - puts drugs into the brain more directly than intravenous injection
* adds flavor, convenience and increased shelf life to poultry meats
  - to other sources of pollution
* affects a person's health in many ways, having both immediate and long term effects
  - blood flow in veins and arteries, and is also believed to lead to impotence
  - everyone
  - fertility in both men and women
  - how the immune system functions by causing oxidative stress
  - many cells in the human body
  - most organ systems and even affects other people through secondhand smoke
  - nearly every organ in the body, including the heart
  - oral health and overall health
  - physical fitness
  - practically every part of the human body
  - pregnancy
  - pregnant women and their unborn children
  - small blood vessels
* affects the blood supply to the skin, weakening it and causing it to age more rapidly
  - elastin in all body tissue
  - mother's health as well
  - penis in the same way that it does the heart, the researchers said
  - quantity and quality of oxygen to the tissues
  - small blood vessels and can cause a decrease in blood flow to the feet
  - unborn as well
  - women of all ages
* ages the skin prematurely.
* aggravates menstrual disorders
  - symptoms of occupational asthma
  - the effects of exposure
* allows for extremely high doses of cocaine to reach the brain very quickly.
* almost doubles a person's risk of stroke, independent of any other risk factors.
* already is blamed for promoting cataracts, another major cause of vision loss.
* also affects non-smokers who breathe the smoke of others
  - others besides the smoker
* also appears to increase slightly the risk of placenta previa
  - the risk of Crohn's disease
  - boosts the risk of stroke
* also can contribute to varicose veins because it affects circulation and harms vein walls
  - make the skin dry and leathery
  - reduce the number of taste buds a person has
* also carries an increased risk of ulcers
  - other significant risks during a pregnancy
* also causes an increase in bronchial mucous production and paralysis of the cilia
  - blockages in the tiny blood vessels that nourish the hairs of the inner ear
  - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as bronchitis and emphysema
  - diabetic eye disease to progress more rapidly
* also causes emphysema, bronchitis and diseases of the arteries
  - probably damaging the lung by the release of proteolytic enzymes
  - hardening of the arteries which can lead to heart attacks
  - harm to nonsmokers
  - heart disease, emphysema, and other lung diseases
  - lung cancer, which kills many smokers
  - premature wrinkles
  - skin discoloration and the acceleration of wrinkles
  - the release of endorphins, which create a tranquilizing effect
  - changes drug levels
  - contains a major social component
* also contributes to an increase in otitis media, or earaches
  - blindness by macular deteriorations
  - facial wrinkling
  - hardening of the arteries and to atherosclerosis
  - increased blood pressure
  - loosening of the teeth
* also contributes to the development of cataracts
  - risk of cardiovascular disease
  - creates a higher risk for periodontal disease
  - decreases blood supply to the face and skin
  - diminishes one's sense of smell and taste
  - disturbs glucose tolerance tests
  - does major harm to indoor air quality
* also doubles a woman's risk for getting cervical cancer
  - men's chances of being impotence
  - enhances lung cancer risk in underground miners exposed to radon
  - fire and health hazard
  - hampers efficient processing of calcium
* also harms a woman's health
  - thousands of nonsmokers who are exposed to cigarette smoke
* also has external or cutaneous manifestations
  - pleasurable physical effects
  - helps in preserving meat to a certain extent
  - hinders the blood supply to the bones or interferes with the function of osteoblasts
  - impairs a woman's fertility
* also increases a woman's risk of breast cancer
  - blood pressure and makes it easier for blood to clot
  - fatigue and decreases the smoker's sense of smell and taste
* also increases the amount of fatty acids, glucose, and various hormones in the blood
  - effects of other risks, such as high blood pressure
  - likelihood of coronary heart disease and is associated with osteoporosis
* also increases the risk for a stroke
  - chronic bronchitis , emphysema , and lung cancer
* also increases the risk of asthmatic attack
  - bone loss later in life
  - complications
* also increases the risk of developing cervical dysplasia
  - emboli
  - oral cavity diseases and lung disease
  - emphysema and cancer
  - having a stroke
  - infertility
  - miscarriage and premature labor
* also increases the risk of miscarriage, still birth, or infant death shortly after birth
  - stillbirth, or infant death shortly after birth
  - other carcinogens even among passive smokers
  - prostate cancer
  - recurrence in persons who have survived a heart attack
  - some skin cancers
  - spontaneous abortion
  - risk, as does a family history of the disease
  - tendency for blood to clot
  - influences cholesterol levels
  - injures the lungs
  - interacts with other risk factors
* also interferes with clearance of asbestos particles from the lung
  - digestion, which leads to ulcers of the stomach and intestines
  - the body's use of calcium
  - is associated with heart disease, emphysema and stroke
  - kills the cilia that line the lungs and take in oxygen and put out carbon monoxide
* also leads to bronchitis and emphysema and increases the risk of heart attacks
  - clumping or stickiness in the blood vessels feeding the heart
  - the early formation of wrinkles, especially fine lines around the mouth
* also lowers estrogen levels, in women, further contributing to bone loss
  - prolactin levels in the blood
  - testosterone levels, affecting the development of sperm
  - women's estrogen levels
  - major cause of heart disease
* also makes it more difficult to get oxygen from lungs to tissue
  - the lungs less able to clean themselves
  - plays into youths' obsession with staying thin
  - poses special dangers during pregnancy
  - predisposes to tuberculosis by causing poor nutrition and loss of weight
* also produces negative effects for people other than the smoker
  - several other harmful effects that particularly affect women
  - promotes inflammation and increases bone loss
  - puts a cramp on deep breaths
* also raises carbon monoxide levels in the blood, depriving the heart of oxygen
  - the risk of blood clots
* also raises the risk of cancer of the bladder, kidney and pancreas
  - of the bladder, kidney, pancreas and oropharynx
* also reduces normal breathing capacity
  - sperm counts, and increases the incidence of resp
* also reduces the body's testosterone production
  - supply of oxygen and nutrients to the baby
  - vitamin C levels, among other vitamin levels
  - releases carbon monoxide into the body which lowers the amount of oxygen in the blood
* also results in discoloration of the teeth and fingertips and bad breath
  - increased bronchial mucous production and paralysis of the cilia
  - seems to increase the risk of complications
  - serious health problem for pregnant women and their unborn infants
* also slows down the healing time, so that it takes longer to get well
  - healing during ulcer treatment
  - the body's ability to digest food
  - spoils fasting
  - worsens allergy symptoms
* apparently inhibits ulcer healing.
* appears to decrease an artery's ability to widen when necessary
  - endanger the health of non-smokers too
* appears to increase the risk for developing diabetes
  - of osteoporosis
* artificially elevates heart rate and increases metabolism.
* attracts inflammatory cells that release enzymes that digest the lung.
* becomes politically incorrect, with more public places forbidding smoking.
* behavior of the poor.
* blocks the stomach's natural healing process and greatly raises the risk of ulcers.
* burns off a lot of calories.
* can actually increase feelings of stress and nervousness
  - the risk for occupational lung disease
  - adversely affect the ability of both men and women to identify odors
* can affect a person's ability to smell and taste food
  - blood oxygenation
  - females with dysfunction in similar ways that it effects males
  - aggravate headaches
* can also be a cause of problems in the stomach
  - financial burden
* can also cause earlier menopause
  - heartburn, because it stimulates the release of stomach acid
  - our blood pressure to go up
  - premature aging of the skin
  - some very serious diseases
  - contribute to breathing problems that disrupt sleep
  - destroy taste
  - effect the quality of sperm count, motility
* can also have a dehydrating effect
  - side effects such as dizziness and lung problems
* can also lead to blood clots, the main cause of heart attacks
  - other serious health problems, such as lung cancer
  - place expectant mothers at risk for babies born with low birth weight
  - put people at higher risk
* can also reduce male fertility
  - the effectiveness of high blood pressure medication
  - worsen snoring and sleep apnea, due to swelling of the nasal tissues
* can be a form of acceptance into a group
  - dangerous
  - hazardous to health for both smokers and non-smokers
  - just as injurious to the heart as to the lungs
  - very offensive to non-smokers
* can bring on a premature menopause
  - early menopause and menstrual disorders
* can cause a slow and painful death
  - wide variety of tongue problems
  - allergic reactions and thus the cough
  - birth defects, pregnancy complications, low birth weight and emphysema
* can cause cancer and death
  - as well as heart disease, emphysema, and other diseases
  - of the mouth, throat, lung, and bladder
  - facial lines, especially around the eyes and mouth
  - head and neck cancer
* can cause impotence and premature baldness in men
  - infertility in both men and women
  - laryngitis directly
* can cause lung and vascular problems leading to sickness and death
  - cancer and heart disease
  - cancer, head and neck cancers, emphysema and heart disease
  - many problems, including low birth weight and premature delivery
  - more cancer to develop
  - peripheral vascular disease which can result in gangerene and amputation
* can cause problems after surgery
  - for virtually all aspects of the reproductive system
* can cause problems in conceiving, during pregnancy and for the health of the child
  - pregnancy and harm an unborn baby
* can cause serious health problems for anyone, regardless of age or gender
* can cause significant damage to women's reproductive sy stem
  - sleep disturbance
  - the skin to age prematurely, as well as take on an unflattering sallow tone
  - unpredictable or erratic blood glucose levels in some people
* can damage heart blood vessels making it difficult for heart to pump blood
  - the sperm and decreases fertility
* can decrease blood flow even more
  - the amount of milk production
  - destroy appetite and enjoyment of food because it seriously affects taste and smell
* can have a bad effect on babies, both before and after they are born
  - more than long-term effects, such as cancer and emphysema
  - impede healing and increase the incidence of dry socket
  - increase both the severity of an occupational lung disease and the risk of lung cancer
* can increase the risk of a heart attack by three times and ruins cardiovascular health
  - lung injury
  - increase, decrease or even cancel the effects of medication
* can inhibit proper healing for any implant system
  - the blood flow needed to maintain an erection
  - interfere with the healing of wounds and fractures
* can involve coughing
  - talking
* can lead to diminished sperm motility in addition to premature ovarian failure
  - diseases such as lung cancer, emphysema and heart disease
  - many physical problems, including emphysema, heart disease, stroke, and cancer
  - lessen sperm quality
* can make a person more susceptible to periodontitis
  - it hard for the baby to breathe
  - the baby's body and head smaller
* can narrow other arteries, cutting off the supply of oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
  - the blood vessel over a period of time
  - promote serious dental problems like gum disease and oral cancer
  - provoke or intensify a headache
  - raise the risk of developing tooth decay because it decreases saliva production
  - rapidly reverse such negative moods
  - reduce the chances of success in games, sports and other leisure activities
  - result in hardened arteries and poor circulation
* can speed up onset by two years
  - the rate at which some drugs are eliminated
* can start a fire if the product is flammable
  - products are flammable
  - take several years off one's life by increasing the risk of lung and heart diseases
  - wreak havoc on gum and tooth health
  - wreck lungs and reduce oxygen available for muscles used during sports
* carries an added risk of dependency.
* cause of lung cancer
  - the airway tissues to become damaged or destroyed
* causes a buildup of fatty deposits in delicate blood vessels
  - drop in self-esteem, which is key for health and fitness in general
  - great number of health problems
  - host of health problems, from lung cancer and heart disease to impotence
  - pregnancy to be high risk
  - significant increase in the risk of bone loss and osteoporosis
  - ageing of the skin
  - around one in five deaths from heart disease
* causes bad breath and recent dental studies show that people who smoke have gum disease
  - blockage of the small airways in the lung
* causes blood vessels to constrict, which reduces blood supply to the eye
  - narrow, which decreases the blood flow
  - cancer including lung, bladder, throat and mouth cancer
* causes cancer, along with a number of other diseases
* causes cancer, heart attacks, etc
  - disease, chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema
  - lung disease and cardiovascular disease
  - cancers of the lungs, pancreas, bladder, skin, mouth and throat
  - cardiovascular diseases
* causes changes in blood levels of certain nutrients such as carbohydrates and proteins
  - the genes of our lungs and other places in the body
  - chronic bronchitis and emphysema
* causes constriction of the blood vessels and major contributor to atherosclerosis
  - deaths because it greatly increases a smoker's risk for several diseases
  - difficulty in maintaining an erection
  - disease and death
  - diseases such such as mouth cancer, lung cancer , and emphysema
  - dying
  - emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which progress to slow suffocation
  - emphysema, heart disease, impotence and stroke
  - faster aging of the skin
  - fatal lung cancer
  - genetic problems in teen-age male sperm
  - gum disease and tooth loss
* causes heart disease, cancer, chronic lung disease, and other diseases
  - lung disease and cancer
  - ill health
  - illness and adversely affects a person's quality of life
* causes irreversible lung damage by breaking the air sacs within the lungs
  - lesions in the lung
  - lower grades in school
  - lung and other cancers, heart disease, stroke, chronic bronchitis and emphysema
* causes lung cancer and many other diseases that are really harmful for our health
  - types of lung disease
  - pulmonary diseases
  - in two ways
  - cancer, and many other types of cancer, heart and circulatory diseases
* causes many diseases like lung cancer, bronchitis and coronary heart disease
  - respiratory problems, including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer
* causes more deaths from ischemic heart disease than any other disease
  - problems than addiction
  - than eighty percent of lung cancer deaths
  - mucous membranes to swell, which narrows the air passages
* causes nearly half of bladder cancer deaths in men and more than a third in women
  - one in five U.S. deaths
  - one-third of cancer, and that accounts for the major increase in cancer
  - pleasure
* causes premature aging and wrinkling of the face
  - of the skin and aggravates other medical conditions
  - wrinkling of the skin and yellows teeth and fingernails
  - reflux
  - salivation and most smokers have no hesitation in spitting anywhere
  - serious health problems and disease
  - significant changes in the walls of blood vessels, impairing normal blood flow
  - strokes and heart disease
* causes the blood vessels to constrict, allowing less circulation to the gums and bone
  - causing an elevation in blood pressure
  - opposite to happen
* causes the skin to age earlier
  - have a pallid complexion and skin that wrinkles prematurely
  - lose it's elasticity over time
  - ulcers by at least three mechanisms
  - wrinkling and the appearance of premature aging
  - yellow stains on teeth, bad breath and early signs of aging
* certainly puts the baby at risk, and has been associated with learning disabilities.
* chemically changes segments of DNA called adducts.
* chronically deprives the skin of oxygen and nutrients.
* cigars every day raises the risk of heart disease and cancer.
* clear cause of cancer.
* clogs the arteries and causes heart attacks and strokes.
* combination of a physiological and psychological addiction according to studies.
* combined with exposure to high radon levels is an even more serious health risk.
* combined with radon exposure is an especially dangerous health risk
  - is an especially serious health risk
* common social habit and tobacco is cheap by European standards.
* communicated disease.
* complex social phenomenon.
* constricts arteries and increases clotting to block arteries.
* constricts blood vessels and can intensify and prolong a flash
  - causes wrinkling
  - contributor to high blood pressure
  - decreases blood flow all over the body
* constricts the blood vessels and makes the heart work harder
  - the heart work much harder
  - vessels, making the heart work harder and raising blood pressure
* continues to be the leading cause of preventable deaths in America today
  - single most preventable cause of death in the United States
  - increase among teenagers
* contributes to bone loss and increases the risk of osteoporosis in both men and women.
* contributes to low bone-mineral density and can cause osteoporosis
  - more deaths than any other risk factors
  - the development of atherosclerosis
* contributing factor in cancer of the lungs, mouth, and esophagus
  - factor, especially in younger people
* controversial, hot-button issue, about which many people have strong opinions.
* creates a fire hazard and discomfort for non-smokers
  - blood clots which can cause strokes
* crutch, a coping mechanism and a dirty, filthy, disgusting habit.
* cuts off blood flow
  - the amount of oxygen reaching tissues
* damages the artery walls and allows more cholesterol to build up in the arteries.
* damages the blood vessel walls, speeds hardening of the arteries and raises blood pressure
  - vessels, which remove breast fluid
* damages the bronchial tree and makes it easier for viruses to cause infection
  - tubes and makes it easier for viruses and bacteria to cause infection
  - eye, and reduces the oxygen that reaches the optic nerve
* damages the health of many people who are smokers, even causing premature death
  - other people - in particular the vulnerable babies and children
  - heart and blood vessels
  - lining of the blood vessels and raises blood pressure
  - lungs and speeds age-related lung changes
  - microcirculation to the skin, making it dull, grey and lifeless
* dangerous and, for many, a lethal habit.
* deadly addiction , responsible for three million deaths each year.
* decreases absorption.
* decreases blood flow to the feet
  - levels of several medications
  - calorie absorption, which aids in preventing obesity
  - circulation and interferes with proper healing
  - estrogen production by the ovaries, leading to earlier menopause and osteoporosis
* decreases the amount of saliva that our mouths produce
  - appetite for sweets, and is often used to replace dessert
  - bone rebuilding that is constantly taking place in all ofus
  - levels of estrogen in the plasma
  - oxygen available to bones and partially blocks estrogen
  - sex drive
* definitive risk factor for the development of coated tongue.
* depletes the body further of vitamins, which the pill also depletes.
* deprives the fetus of needed oxygen and other nutrients.
* destroys good health
  - the balance between the protease and the anti-protease enzymes
* difficult habit to quit.
* diminishes blood flow both in the heart and in the penis.
* does impose costs on employers
  - increase the risk of breast cancer for some postmenopausal white women
* doubles stroke risk
  - the risk for stroke
* doubles the risk of cervical cancer and more women die of lung cancer than breast cancer
  - developing pancreatic cancer
* doubles the risk of ectopic pregnancy and of having a low birth weight baby
  - pregnancy, and of having a low-birthweight baby
* doubles the risk of heart attack
  - disease and is the main cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
  - patients having renal cell carcinoma
  - stroke for men and triples it for women
  - vision loss with macular degeneration
* dramatically promotes the development of atherosclerosis.
* dying habit.
* elevates the level of carboxyhaemoglobin.
* eliminates the protective effect of oral estrogens on the risk of hip fracture among women.
* encourages coughing and droplet infection.
* erases the benefits of exercise.
* even affects the sexes differently.
* exacerbates asthma, and maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for the child.
* exposes the body to many cancer-causing chemicals that affect more than the lungs.
* fairly safe addiction in comparison to alcohol and gambling.
* floods the brain with dopamine.
* form of air pollution
  - drug addiction because tobacco contains nicotine, an addictive drug
* frequent cause of early miscarriage in pregnancy.
* generally takes place in bars.
* generates high levels of free radicals.
* grave women's health issue.
* greatly increase a woman's risk of heart attack and stroke
  - increases the chance of getting heart disease
* greatly increases the risk of a heart attack, stroke, or blood clot
  - blood clot formation
  - dying from diseases like emphysema and bronchitis
  - having a heart attack, stroke, or blood clot
* habit - a way of life.
* habit and habits can be changed
  - nicotine is addictive
  - one of the hardest to break
  - of whose models are adopted in the environment
  - separated from common sense, and rooted in social practice
* habitual behavior.
* hard habit to break
* hardens arteries and cigarette smoke also has stimulants that increase heart rate.
* harms others.
* has a definite dose related relationship with Ischaemic heart disease
  - deleterious effect in high blood pressure
  - devastating effect on numerous bodily functions and systems
  - direct effect on the growth of the fetus
  - harmful effect on the skin for several reasons
  - multiplying effect on the risk of getting from exposure
  - toxic effect on bone in men and women
  - variety of undesirable effects
  - an adverse effect on the body's immune system and other defense mechanisms
  - effects on personal hygiene
* has many complex effects on the lungs
  - ill effects, one of which is degeneration of the disc
* has no effect on the oral clearance of quetiapine
  - preservative effect
  - several harmful effects on cholesterol
  - significant implications for the drug therapy of a wide variety of conditions
* has the ability to kill
  - highest percentage of deaths compared to other addictive drugs and alcohol
  - well known adverse health consequences including being a cause of carcinoma of the lung
  - well-established procoagulant and coronary vasoconstrictive effects
* health hazard for everyone
* helps make the hide waterproof as well
  - preserve fish by reducing moisture content, thereby retarding the growth of bacteria
  - promote cancers of the bladder, pancreas, kidney, stomach and cervix
  - reduce stress
  - to relieve anxiety, depression, anger, and boredom
* highly dangerous addiction.
* hinders the bones' ability to heal.
* hurts a teen's physical fitness in terms of poor performance and endurance
  - the public health
* imparts the flavors of the wood into the meat.
* implies the responsibility is due to an individual's behaviour.
* imposes costs on society
  - no costs on the nation's taxpayers that go uncompensated
* improves dental health.
* inappropriately can cause fire hazards.
* includes the carrying of a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe.
* increases a person's risk of heart disease, cancer and stroke
  - woman's chance of developing several types of cancer, including breast cancer
* increases a woman's risk of heart disease, stroke, and many forms of cancer
  - reproductive disorders
  - acid production and weakens the lower esophageal sphincter
  - an adolescent's susceptibility to depression, according to a study
* increases blood concentrations almost as fast as injections
  - sugar levels making it harder to control
  - conversion of lactate to glucose during submaximal exercise
  - impotence risk
  - infant mortality and low birth weight
  - lead levels in the body
  - lung congestion and risk of complications
  - muscle activity and can contribute significantly to wrinkles
  - risks and can lengthen the healing time
  - tension
  - the chance for cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis
* increases the chance of developing cataracts and other eye diseases
  - colorectal, bladder, kidney, and pancreatic cancers
  - impotence in males
  - serious side effects
  - heart rate for a given level of exercise
  - incidence of infection, cough, and sputum production
* increases the likelihood of getting acute bacterial bronchitis
  - premature birth
  - production of mucous in the nose and sinuses
* increases the risk for cancers of the bladder, pancreas, kidney, and cervix
  - the urinary tract
  - facial wrinkling two to three times for white men and women
* increases the risk for lung cancer by a factor of ten
* increases the risk of cervical cancer
  - complications and delays healing
  - developing the disorder
  - exposure to radon
  - hardening of the arteries, which decreases sexual response
* increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, blood clots and death
  - disease caused by hypertension
  - disease, which is America's number one killer
  - liver cancer
  - losing a genetically normal baby
* increases the risk of lung cancer and heart disease
  - tenfold
  - skin loss with both rhytidectomy and abdominoplasty
* increases the risks and dangers of everything exponentially
  - of emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, and heart disease
  - sensitivity on nicotine receptors in the brain
  - smoker's risk of developing psoriasis
  - toxic load in the body and probably contributes to arthritis
  - vitamin requirements
* indicates an addiction to nicotine.
* induces tolerance to alcohol, which decreases the aversive effects of alcohol.
* inhibits the amount of blood flow which carries oxygen to the baby.
* intensifies their risk.
* interferes with the absorption of calcium from the intestines
  - folic acid
  - circulation of blood to the skin and can cause death of the skin flaps
* involves consuming an evil substance.
* irritates inflamed nasal passages and paralyzes the cilia which clear mucus from the lungs.
* irritates the lining of the nose, increasing nasal secretions and swelling
  - lungs and airways narrow, encouraging phlegm and making it harder to breathe
  - throat and prolongs symptoms
* is addictive , i.e., induces impaired reasoning, the link to crime
  - It only takes a short time to become addicted to nicotine
  - addictive, both physically and mentally
  - addressed as a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease
  - almost never acceptable indoors, except in areas specifically designated for smoking
  - also a factor in some types of colon cancer
* is also a fire and safety hazard
  - hazard and nicotine if ingested can poison children
* is also a major cause of cancers of the larynx, mouth, and esophagus
  - contributor to the progression of coronary artery disease
  - factor in coronary heart disease, stroke, and asthma
  - risk factor for heart disease, stroke emphysema and many other cancers
* is also a risk factor for back pain
  - stroke, which is the third leading killer of women
  - severe oxidative stress and causes inflammation in the lung
  - bad news for people with asthma
  - common in films deemed suitable for young audiences
  - dangerous if a mother is breastfeeding
  - expensive for companies
* is also harmful to the developing foetus
  - human mind and reason
  - notable in that it is the leading cause of premature death
  - one source of the air pollution
* is also related to hormonal problems for both men and women
  - with decreased hip bone density in old age
  - responsible for most cancers of the larynx , oral cavity, and esophagus
  - stressful on the body
  - the leading cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
* is also the major cause of cancer of the mouth , larynx , throat , and esophagus
  - cancers of the mouth, voice box, and throat
  - single greatest cause of cancer mortality
  - very addictive because of the nicotine that comes in the cigarettes
* is an activity to be undertaken only by adults
  - addiction that is physical, psychological and behavioral
  - addiction, and most people find quitting a challenge
* is an addictive habit that is very hard to break
  - adult habit
  - avoidable cause of death
  - expensive habit to maintain
  - identifiable and quantifiable behavior
* is an important aspect of certain ceremonies
  - cofactor
  - factor in causing disorders of the stomach and duodenum
  - indication of a risk-taking person
  - individual right or choice
  - inefficient and potentially deadly means of drug administration
  - intensely addicting illness
  - interacting variable
* is an unhealthy and dangerous habit
* is another ancient and common means of chemical food preservation
* is another cause of hoarseness
  - stomach distress
  - factor that raises the risk of ear infections
  - habit most people pick up in their teens
* is another important source of cadmium
  - cyanide
  - formaldehyde
* is another insidious oral evil perpetrated on the public
  - toxin
* is another risk factor for cervical cancer
  - developing cervical cancer
  - factor, of course for mothers, but also for their infants
  - as addictive as heroin and cocaine
  - associated with albuminuria and abnormal renal function
* is associated with an increase in heart attacks and stroke
  - the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis
  - back and neck pain
  - cancers of the mouth, esophagus, pancreas, cervix, kidney, and bladder
  - complications of pregnancy, early menopause, and reduced fertility
  - half of all coronary events in women
  - higher risk of infant death
  - less education and with risk taking
  - low birth weight and infant deaths
  - lung, throat and mouth and bladder cancers
  - many other risky behaviors, such as fighting and having unprotected sex
  - other risky behaviors, such as fighting and engaging in unprotected sex
  - pleasure because the nicotine in tobacco is an addictive drug
  - shortened duration of breastfeeding and decreased milk volumes
* is bad for Crohn s disease and seems to be somewhat protective against ulcerative colitis
  - all age groups
  - anyone but even worse for people with diabetes
  - everyone, but particularly for people with asthma
  - many conditions including osteoporosis
* is banned around patients, even if the patient is smoking
  - in California bars
* is banned in all day care centres, creches, after school clubs
  - public places in Scotland
  - guest rooms and in public areas
  - health care institutions, except in designated smoking areas
* is banned in many public areas and facilities
  - places and transit vehicles
  - most federally regulated workplaces, such as banks and government offices
* is banned in most public buildings
  - places in Stockholm, on public transport, in stores etc
  - public transport vehicles
  - taxi cabs
  - inside all school buildings
* is banned on all domestic flights within the United States and Canada
  - flights of less than two hours operated by national air carriers
  - domestic airline flights and flights to Singapore
  - most public transport including buses, trains, planes and taxis
* is believed to damage blood vessels, inhibiting the blood flow to the penis
  - have started with cocoa leaves somewhere in Peru and in Latin America
  - lead to an increased production of free radicals above normal levels
  - start at a very early age in Ukraine
* is by far the leading cause of lung cancer
  - risk factor for lung cancer
  - most significant risk factor for bladder cancer
  - number one cause of lung cancer
  - host preogative
  - categorized as either smoker or non-smoker
* is common among males of all ages and in all areas
  - and codes of practice concerning smoking are the same as in Europe
  - even in many hospitals
  - considerably less common in nearly every age group of adult women than it used to be
* is considered a cofactor for the disease to develop
  - trigger for asthma
  - by some girls to be the solution to their anxiety
  - damaging to the blood supply
* is dangerous for many reasons including the hazard of falling asleep with a lit cigarette
  - nonsmokers who breathe the smoke from smokers' cigarettes
  - to the health
  - deeply ingrained in prison culture
  - described as the most preventable cause of disease in the country
* is detrimental to maintaining good health
  - vocal fold tissues
  - different from drinking because everybody is affected
  - distressingly common among hospitalized psychiatric patients
  - down in both countries, as is littering
  - equally popular among the poor, the middle class and the rich
  - especially related to cervical carotid atherosclerosis
  - estimated to be the single largest cause of preventable deaths in the United States
  - evidence of addiction and therefore a lack of self-control
  - expensive for smokers and for their employers
  - far more common in lower social classes
* is forbidden in all public transport and public buildings
  - university buildings and vehicles
  - hospitals and clinics, but in many cases the ban is ignored
  - most enclosed public places other than bars and small restaurants
  - workplaces, schools, hospitals and in public transport
  - inside public vehicles
* is harmful because it affects others and makes smokers feel bad
  - in many ways, but it is most harmful to our lungs
* is harmful to fetus
  - our bodies in many ways, but it is the most harmful to the lungs
  - hazardous, at least sometimes
  - higher among young women than young men, although males tend to smoke more heavily
  - human activities
  - identified as the number one preventable cause of death in most western nations
  - illegal anywhere on the underground system
  - increasingly popular among young adults
* is known to aggravate the effects of exposure
  - be the leading cause of lung cancer
  - bring on menopause more quickly, and have an antiestrogenic effect on women
* is known to cause bladder cancer
  - heart disease, emphysema, and several types of cancer
* is known to cause lung cancer, and new evidence also links it to breast cancer
  - depress antioxidants and to alter choroidal blood flow
* is known to increase osteoporosis
  - the use of other addictive substances, such as heroin and cocaine
* is known to reduce sperm count, as well as the quality and viability of sperm
  - the level of macular pigments
  - like living in a toxic waste dump
  - limited to the outdoors
* is linked to cancer of the lung, mouth, larynx and oesophagus
  - lower birth weight, douching to reduced fertility
  - stroke and a long list of other life-threatening conditions
* is linked with a cosmopolitan lifestyle
  - number of cancers including cancer of the lung, bladder, mouth, and cervix
  - emphysema, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory ailments
  - the production of rheumatoid factor
* is more addictive than cocaine or heroin
  - common among men and adults living below the poverty line
* is more prevalent among poor people
  - in the more disadvantaged social classes
  - than a chemical bond
* is much more common among teens living in less advantaged circumstances
  - women with fewer years of education
  - prevalent in some areas of the world with the attendant fire risks
  - nearly always the main cause of emphysema
  - no less an addiction than drugs
* is often a dissociated activity
  - one of the major causes of heart disease
  - the hidden cause of the disease recorded as responsible for death
* is on the increase among young people in both countries
  - rise on college campuses
* is one of American women's greatest health risks
  - many factors that can make a pregnancy high-risk
* is one of the biggest factors contributing to heart disease
  - health problems facing our country today
  - risk factors in cervical abnormalities
* is one of the greatest causes of stroke
  - preventable causes of disease today
* is one of the leading causes of all statistics
  - of fires
  - of statistics
  - that start teens on drugs
* is one of the main causes of debilitating diseases such as emphysema
  - factors which cause heart disease
  - risk factors for both stroke and heart disease
* is one of the major causes of disease and death in the United States
  - of illness and early death
  - risk factors for periodontal disease
  - many factors affecting cardiovascular disease statistics
* is one of the most common causes of cancer, particularly lung cancer
  - costly habits
  - difficult addictions to overcome
* is one of the most important causes of preventable deaths in the world
  - risk factors for pancreatic cancer
  - preventable determinants of low birth weight
  - risk factors that can be modified by a patient
  - three main risk factors for coronary heart disease
  - worst things kids or adults can do to their bodies
  - three major independent causes of coronary heart disease
  - today's major preventable health threats to children
  - outlawed in most public places and offices
  - part of adolescent experimentation and rebellion
  - particularily hazardous to the female reproductive tract
* is particularly dangerous for teens because their bodies are still developing
  - women who have other risk factors for osteoporosis
  - in an adolescent
  - harmful for pregnant women and their unborn children
  - hazardous in persons at increased cardiovascular risk
  - risky for people who have heart disease or high blood pressure
  - perceived as an appropriate way to control weight
  - permitted in outdoor workplaces, unless an employer or a local ordinance bans it
  - physically and psychologically addictive
* is portrayed as a healthy, sexy, ordinary, fun-filled activity in advertisements
  - being necessary in order to acquire a slim, glamorous and successful image
  - possibly the main cause of leukaemia with adults
  - prevalent everywhere
* is prevalent in present day Russia, yet cot death is rare in that region
  - present-day Russia and Japan, but the cot death rates are low
* is probably less of a risk to health than breathing air tainted with toxics
  - one of the oldest recreational rituals
  - the greatest single cause of preventable illness in the United States
  - proven to be good exercise for the lungs
  - quite prevalent, although it is banned in all food restaurants
  - rare among females
  - recognized as a leading cause of bladder cancer
* is recognized as the most important cause of bladder cancer
  - prevalent cause for lung cancer
  - related to more cancers, certainly lung cancer being the most obvious
* is responsible for about one-third of all cancer deaths
  - an estimated one in five U.S. deaths
  - changes in all parts of the body, including the digestive system
  - health problems among eighth graders
  - more than one out of every five deaths in the United States
* is responsible for one in five deaths in Canada
* is responsible for one out of every five deaths in the United States
  - five American deaths
  - four cases of heart disease
  - one-quarter of all deaths caused by fire
* is restricted in public areas
  - some public buildings
  - on public transport and in some public buildings
* is restricted to certain areas of buildings
  - designated smoking areas in school buildings or on school grounds
  - safer than sniffing
  - socially acceptable in most societies
  - stress related
  - taboo, and so also are liquor and other intoxicants
* is the biggest contributing factor for sudden cardiac death
  - culprit that limits oxygen supply
* is the biggest risk factor for heart attacks
  - sudden death
  - women and heart disease
  - single threat to health faced by large sections of the population
  - cause of a larger proportion of deaths due to some diseases than others
* is the chief avoidable cause of death and disease
  - preventable cause of deaths due to cancer in the United States
  - crucial factor in health inequalities
* is the greatest risk factor for lung cancer
  - single preventable cause of death
* is the inhalation and exhalation of the fumes of burning tobacco
  - of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars
  - largest avoidable cause of cancer
* is the largest cause of death and disease that is preventable
  - otherwise preventable death in the United States
  - single cause of preventable disease in the world today
* is the largest single preventable cause of death and disability in the United States
  - of death and disease in Australia
  - risk factor for heart disease, stroke, lung cancer and oral cancers
* is the leading cause of avoidable death in America
  - cancer and dietary factors are the second most common cause
  - fire deaths and the second most common cause of residential fires
  - laryngeal cancer
* is the leading cause of preventable death and disease in the United States
  - illness and death in the United States
  - illness, disability and premature death in Canada
* is the leading known cause of preventable death among women
  - preventable death and disease among women
* is the leading preventable cause of death in our country
* is the leading risk factor for heart disease, lung cancer and osteoporosis
  - early deaths
* is the main cause of lung and heart disease
  - risk factor for kidney cancer, almost doubling a person's chances
  - major avoidable cause of heart disease
* is the major cause of lung cancer in both sexes
  - preventable cause of disease in the world
  - risk factor for the development of small cell lung carcinoma
* is the most common cause of deaths and injuries from fire
  - lung cancer and one that is within our control
  - method of using marijuana
  - harmful and preventable chronic health risk in Europe and North America
* is the most important cause of smoker's lung
  - factor that young men and women can change
  - preventable cause of premature death
  - prevalent form of drug dependence in our society
* is the most preventable cause of death in America
  - death in our society
  - rapid and dangerous method of taking cocaine
* is the most significant and potent risk factor for coronary heart disease
  - risk factor for sudden cardiac death
  - nation's leading cause of preventable death
* is the number one cause of cancer deaths for men
  - deaths from fire
  - emphysema in the United States
  - fires that kill older persons
  - premature, preventable death and disease in our society
  - preventable deaths in Canada
* is the number one preventable cause of cancer
* is the number one preventable risk factor for a variety of diseases in our society
  - factor in women
* is the number one risk factor and cause for developing lung cancer
  - for heart disease among young people
  - number-one cause of preventable cancer
* is the primary cause of emphysema
* is the primary method of ingestion
  - to cook larger pieces of meat
  - single biggest cause of preventable illness in Wales today
* is the single greatest cause of preventable illness in the country
  - killer in the United States by far
* is the single greatest preventable cause of death and illness in the United States
  - of death in the United States today
  - of illness and death in the United States
* is the single greatest risk factor for developing heart disease
* is the single largest cause of lung cancer
  - modifiable risk factor in intrauterine growth retardation
  - leading cause of cancer deaths
* is the single most important cause of cancer
  - of problems in most pregnancies
  - factor in infant mortality
  - remediable cause of premature death in the Western world
  - risk factor for the development of lung cancer
* is the single most preventable cause of death and disability in America today
  - of disease and death in the United States today
  - of mortality, responsible for one in every six deaths
  - world's largest single preventable cause of illness and death
  - thought to be a significant factor in eye health
  - tied to colon cancer
  - too complex and too multifaceted a behavior to be caused by a single gene
  - triggered by certain times, places and situations
  - unsafe at any age, in any amount, and for any period
  - up among teens of both sexes
  - used by young women as an appetite suppressant
* is used for chimneys
  - conversations
  - losers
  - relaxation
  - social values
  - to preserve meat and fish
  - very unpopular in the United States
  - widely discouraged and is illegal in public places
  - widespread and permitted in most public areas
* is, afterall, the number one cause of lung cancer
  - among other things, a pastime
  - for example, to be banned in public places
* keeps carbon dioxide from exiting the body in exhaled breath.
* key factor in sudden death from cardiovascular disease
  - risk factor for low birthweight and infant mortality
* kills about half of persistent smokers who take up the habit in adolescence
  - both smokers and their voices
  - more people every year than all other drugs combined, including alcohol
* known cause of cancer, heart disease, and stroke
  - stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
* leading cause of cataracts in the old age
  - fires in many more countries
  - male impotence
  - contributor to poor indoor air quality
  - indicator in underweight and premature births
  - risk factor for cancer, heart disease and respiratory illnesses
* leads to alcoholism , drug abuse , mental disorder
  - cancer, lung disease, and many other deadly diseases
  - gum disease, which can lead to tooth loss
  - premature atherosclerosis, which in turn can lead to heart attacks and strokes
* learned behavior that becomes natural over time.
* legal activity
* leisure activity and in a free society consumers decide for themselves.
* lighted cigar, cigarette, pipe, or any other lit tobacco product.
* lightning rod for cancer and heart disease.
* lowers resistance to complications
  - the sex hormones which stimulate bone formation
* mainly causes death through heart attacks, cancer, and lung disease.
* major cause of cancers of the esophagus, lung, larynx, oral cavity and pharynx
  - oropharynx and bladder among women
  - coronary artery disease and stroke
* major cause of coronary heart disease among women
  - disease, which leads to heart attack
  - dyspepsia and slows the healing of ulcers
  - emphysema, lung cancer, and chronic bronchitis
  - fatal apartment fires
* major cause of heart and blood vessel disease
  - disease, America's leading cause of death
  - ill health and the nation's high health care bill
* major cause of lung cancer, and one of the most preventable
  - disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke
  - oxidative damage
  - sore throats
* major risk factor for cancer of the mouth, larynx, esophagus, kidney and bladder
* major risk factor for coronary artery disease and aggravates high blood pressure
  - developing macular degeneration
* major risk factor for heart attack
  - attacks and sudden cardiac death
* major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, lung cancer and various other cancers
  - stroke, lung cancer, and chronic lung diseases
  - oral and dental disease, including oral cancer
  - in stroke and speeds up clogging of arteries
  - of peripheral vascular disease
* major risk for heart disease
  - several diseases including heart disease, stroke, and several cancers
  - source of indoor air pollutants
* makes asthma and other lung problems worse
  - eyes yellowish
  - heart beat faster, raises blood pressure and causes hypertension
* makes it difficult for oxygen to be taken through the alveoli
  - hard for a person to breathe
  - our heart beat faster and also makes our blood vessels get smaller
  - problems caused by diabetes worse
  - the breath stink and stains teeth and fingers a yellowish-brown
* makes the heart beat faster
  - smoker look older and like they never brushed their teeth in their life
  - ulcers more likely to develop and also slows the healing process
* narrows blood vessels and decreases circulation
  - makes it harder to breathe
* narrows blood vessels over time and also increase the levels of fats in the blood
  - which can slow healing
  - vessels, increasing blood pressure and putting a strain on the heart
* narrows the blood vessels and decreases circulation to the feet
* nearly doubles a woman's risk of having a low-birthweight baby.
* necessary and sufficient cause of lung cancer.
* occludes the arteries.
* occurs among both men and women who portrayed positive characters.
* often causes the stomach to make more acid
  - decreases appetite, an unhealthy method of weight control that many women employ
  - leads to disability and poor quality of life
* only aggravates allergies.
* partial sin.
* passes on cancer causing agents to the fetus.
* pediatric disease.
* person's habit.
* physical addiction and a behavioral addiction.
* plays a major role in heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of death in women
  - no role in risk for mesothelioma
* pleasure that can lead to death.
* poor delivery system that exposes the person to harmful substances.
* poses risks to a developing baby.
* potential cause of fire almost everywhere.
* powerful addiction
  - physical and psychological addiction
* predisposing cause for mammary duct ectasia.
* prevents fat from going into the fat cells
  - the skin from healing because the free radical control is diminished
* primitive drug delivery system.
* probably causes cancer.
* produces cyanide, a retinal toxin.
* progressively impairs the lungs' ability to oxygenate the blood, leading to emphysema.
* promotes a condition called acidosis, which stimulates bone loss
  - atherosclerosis and can reduce blood flow to the brain
  - enlargement of the pores and impairs the overall health of the skin
* public health hazard, health officials say
  - nuisance that causes health problems in many people
* puts a person at an increased risk for gum disease or periodontal disease
  - strain on the heart and can contribute to artery blockages
* quickens the degenerative process of aging.
* raises blood pressure and narrows the arteries, which increases the risk of a heart attack
  - homocysteine levels
  - the risk of duodenal ulcers developing
* real breath killer, which can only be controlled by quitting.
* recipe for creating cardiovascular catastrophes.
* reduces blood flow and slows healing
  - bone mass and lowers women's estrogen levels
  - circulation to the skin and impedes healing
  - fertility and leads to a host of smoking-related pregnancy complications
  - fertility, a problem which can be reversed after breaking the addiction
  - night vision
* reduces the ability of the blood to carry oxygen
  - chance of achieving a pregnancy both naturally and from any treatment
  - delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the gums
  - flow of healing agents to the back
  - levels of antioxidants and impairs blood circulation
  - rate of lung growth
* refers to the greying or discoloration of a glaze, caused by underfiring.
* regulates cravings conditioned to external cues
  - due to internal cues caused by decreasing nicotine levels
  - emotional responses elicited by environmentally induced stress
* relaxes muscles, which makes acid leakage into the gullet more likely
  - the sphincter and causes reflux
* releases gases that take the place of oxygen in the mother's blood.
* relieves stress, soothes the nervous system, provides contentment and counters indigestion
* remains a serious problem among youth in our nation
  - concentrated in areas of social inequalities
  - the leading cause of all fire deaths
* remains the leading cause of preventable death in Canada
  - mortality in Canada
  - number one preventable cause of death and disease in Canada
  - single most important cause of death in our society
  - unacceptably high among women of all ages, races and ethnicities
* restricts blood flow by causing vasoconstriction and promoting coagulation
  - flow, which interferes with the proper healing of wounds
* reverses the tension and irritability that build up during periods of nicotine abstinence.
* risk factor for blood clotting problems associated with oral contraceptives
  - developing rheumatoid arthritis
* risk factor for many cancers
  - health problems, including heart disease, stroke, and cancer
  - in throat and lung cancer
  - inferring a minor increase in risk
  - factor, since nicotine constricts blood vessels
* risk for premature menopause
  - stroke, cholesterol is an indirect risk for stroke
* risk, as are many other things in life.
* ritualistic activity.
* ruins the health of many young people.
* seems to affect the liver, too, by changing the way it handles drugs and alcohol
  - be rampant among the aboriginal peoples
* seems to damage the heart in many different ways
  - memory and limit one's ability to remember previous experiences
  - raise blood pressure levels and heart rate
  - stimulate the recurrence of genital warts
* self-destructive behavior.
* serious health threat in many ways
  - problem for employees and employers
* serious, serious risk factor.
* sign of individual expression and peace of mind.
* significant cause of the disease
  - contributor to many diseases
  - deterrent to good healing
  - factor in the occurrence and severity of peptic ulcers
* significantly elevates the risk of stroke.
* significantly increases an individual's risk of heart attack
  - fire hazard, and boosts cleaning and maintenance costs
  - reduces life expectancy and hampers quality of life
* slows blood flow to the face and can interfere with healing
  - healing tissues and can increase the risk of lung problems
* slows down blood circulation to the extremities
  - lung growth and reduces lung function
* slows down the blood flow and can make heart and blood vessel problems worse
  - recovery from illness and surgery and slows bone and wound healing
* slows the healing of existing ulcers and also contributes to ulcer recurrence
* source of pleasure to many people.
* speeds up the hardening of the arteries.
* stops the cilia from moving.
* strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease
* substantially increases the risk of having a heart attack.
* suppresses folic acid levels.
* suspected cause of infertility.
* symbol of the fire in the mind, the fire of ideas.
* takes a heavy human toll
  - place at low temperatures and opening the lid or door causes quick heat loss
* tends to be more of a major factor than coffee consumption
  - cause chronic coughing, which can add to problems with bladder control
  - create a stronger craving for alcohol, and vice versa
  - delay healing of peptic ulcers
  - dry the food, kills bacteria, deepens color and gives food a smoky flavor
* thickens the blood by increasing the production of red blood cells
  - lining of the lung
* too can make bad breath worse.
* tough addiction to conquer and requires real commitment and the desire to stop smoking.
* traditional method of food conservation for meat and fish.
* transforms people into social outcasts.
* true form of drug addiction and that is exactly how it's treated.
* type of immune deficiency.
* typically begins in adolescence.
* varies greatly by education.
* very addictive habit that is difficult to break
  - type of drug abuse
  - physical and mental addiction
  - powerful, very deadly addiction
  - serious health problem in Australia
  - strong risk factor for heart disease and stroke
* way of letting the creative process take form
  - to lose weight for some kids
* well demonstrated etiologic factor in the development of small cell tumors.
* woman's number one risk factor for heart disease.
+ Danger: Epidemiology :: Safety
  * People often take risks, or do things that might hurt them. An example of this is crossing the road without looking carefully. There is a risk that you might get hit by a car. Some animals are dangerous because they might attack humans. Anything that involves a risk of injury or to health can be described as dangerous. Smoking is dangerous to health.
+ Factor (medicine)
  * Smoking is a 'risk factor' for getting asthma. If a person already has asthma smoking can be a 'trigger factor' for an asthma attack.