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* All leaves are on plants
  - change color before they fall from the tree
  - contain photosynthetic tissues, called the mesophyll
  - have microscopic openings, called stomata
* Are the primary photosynthetic organs of a plant.
* Collect a variety of leaves.
* Has nervine, tonic , sedative and anti-spasmodic properties.
* Many leaves are mined before the larvae emerge and feed as surface feeders
  - can have a deformed leaf shape because of feeding injury while still quite immature
  - contain cavities for storing secreted products
  - have stomata in one epidermis only, and are termed hypostomatous
  - start growth in the spring and turn colors and die in the fall
* More leaves means more sugar-producing photosynthesis.
* Most leaves absorb energy
  - light
  - sunlight
  - water
  - appear on stems
  - are flat and thin to catch plenty of sunlight
* Most leaves are produced by bean plants
* Most leaves arise from rhizomes
  - short stems
  - underground stems
  - woody stems
* Most leaves attract insects
  - pollinators
  - come from trees
* Most leaves contain cellulose
  - chlorophyll pigment
  - chloroplasts
  - fiber
  - food
  - phloem
  - vascular tissue
  - xylem phloem
* Most leaves develop during springs
  - from axils
  - drop from trees
  - emerge from buds
* Most leaves emerge in late springs
  - expose to full sunlight
* Most leaves fall from avocado trees
  - in autumn
* Most leaves fall off plants
  - feed herbivores
  - float in shallow water
* Most leaves grow at tips
  - grind surfaces
* Most leaves grow on single stems
* Most leaves have a large surface area to capture light
  - an epidermis only one cell thick
  - aroma
  - chemical properties
  - components
  - cuticles
  - distinct shapes
  - ecological importance
  - epidermises
  - fibre
  - heart shapes
  - light texture
  - long petioles
  - low proteins
  - lower surfaces
  - moisture
  - mottle color
  - nutrients
  - shelf life
  - shiny surfaces
* Most leaves have smooth surfaces
  - stomata , which open and close
  - thick cuticles
  - thin cuticles
  - tough texture
  - waxy surfaces
  - help plants
  - hold water
  - look like green leaves
* Most leaves make flavor tea
  - mosaic patterns
* Most leaves produce digestive enzymes
  - protect buds
  - provide nutrients
* Most leaves reduce evaporation
  - water evaporation
  - remain on trees
  - require sunlight
* Most leaves show maximum photosynthesis
  - stay on plants
* Most leaves turn color
  - deep rust color
  - purple color
  - undergo photosynthesis
  - vary in shapes
* Some leaves absorb carbon dioxide
* Some leaves are eaten by caterpillars
  - winter moth caterpillars
* Some leaves are harvested during grow seasons
  - produced by sundews
  - submerged in water
  - attain height
  - attract ants
  - become distorted and curl upward
  - carry toxins
* Some leaves contain acid
  - adequate nitrogen
  - amino acid
  - caffeine
  - chemical irritants
  - chemicals
  - concentration
  - oil
  - poisonous chemicals
  - potassium
  - salt concentration
  - sporangiums
  - substances
  - volatile oil
  - contribute to growth
  - develop during fall winter
  - emerge from tubes
  - fall from vines
* Some leaves fall on floors
  - forest floors
* Some leaves feed caterpillars
  - moths
* Some leaves float on surfaces
  - water surfaces
  - form cones
  - grow flowers
* Some leaves grow from bases
  - nodes
  - same nodes
  - sheaths
  - spirals
  - in rosettes
* Some leaves have a tendency to flop downward toward their tips
  - branch veins
  - different scent
  - green and yellow stripes at the leaf tips similar to wheat streak mosaic
  - hairs that are an extension of certain cells of the epidermis
  - large surface areas
  - little wind resistance
  - low water potential
  - mild flavor
  - needles
  - nutrition
  - odor
  - seeds
  - spikes
  - stipules at the base of the petiole
  - kill dogs
  - live for months
* Some leaves make food
  - new colors when the green is gone
  - up diets
* Some leaves produce chemicals
  - many toxic chemicals
  - smell
  - stimulant effects
  - promote growth
  - protect figs
* Some leaves receive full sunlight
  - reduce transpiration
* Some leaves remain on plants
  - the tree until they are pushed off in the spring
* Some leaves resemble needles
  - stay on trees
  - survive winter
* Tend to mat down and breakdown slowly.
* absorb most of the light in the blue and red regions of the spectrum
  - nutrients quickly
  - sunlight and air to make food for the plant
  - the sunlight and use air and water from the earth to make food
* act as air cleaners, filtering dust and removing airborne pollutants.
* also blend well in herbal casseroles
  - contain yellow pigments called carotenoids
  - decline more slowly in digestibility than stems
  - grow along the upper surfaces of the twigs
  - have different colors, but the most common is green
  - keep the ground and plants warm
  - perform other functions such as respiration, the movement of water throughout the plant
  - provide winter protection for tree roots
  - use veins to export sugar to roots and other nonphotosynthetic parts of the plant
* appear when some water is present.
* are a comparatively low-energy food source, and flying demands a lot of energy
  - good source of carbon and can also be mulched on the lawn
  - major source of water loss and are difficult to protect from winter conditions
* are a plant's food factory
  - main photosynthetic organs
  - symbol of hope
  - very important part of plants
  - abnormally thin, plants are brittle and branches have a tendency to curve upward
  - about the size and shape of rice kernels
  - adapted to perform their function eg they have a large surface area to absorb sunlight
* are also commonly succulent, storing water in fleshy internal tissue
  - edible
* are also important for humans as they are one of the best ways to identify various plants
  - in our environment
* are also the sites in most plants where respiration, transpiration, and guttation take place
  - plants where transpiration and guttation take place
  - toxic, but to a lesser degree
  - valuable for their textural addition to soil
  - amazing organs on a plant
  - aromatic when crushed
  - aromatic, and bear striking resemblance to hemp or cannabis plant
  - classified, in the first place, as either simple or compound
  - complex plant organs upon which life depends
  - compound and exhibit a range of green shades in spring and summer
  - considered a natural product
  - cooked like spinach and provide vitamin C, calcium, iron, magnesium and protein
  - crunchy when they change colors
  - designed flat and open so they can absorb energy the suns rays
  - difficult to digest and have little nutritional value
  - divided into two types a trophophyll and a sporophyll
  - dorsiventral and they exhibit many shapes and structures
* are eaten and plants are partially defoliated
  - as a vegetable and are also used medicinally
  - essential for the well-being of plants
  - even capable of folding over themselves several times
  - evergreen and palatable to many animal species including some birds
  - frequently hand-harvested in stages as they mature on the plant stem
  - grass-like and originate at the soil surface
  - great fresh or dried for seasoning in many foods and dishes
* are green because they contain chlorophyll, the plant s food factory
  - have a green pigment called chlorophyll
  - flattened needles that grow individually
  - harvested for tea around the time the plant flowers
  - held onto twigs by coarse brown threads of the causal pathogen
  - high in cellulose, in terms of the mass of the leaf, and what it is got going on there
* are high in protein and low in fibre
  - minerals
  - higher in protein and more digestible than stems
  - important to plants because they provide nourishment or food for the plants
  - in tufts that appear to grow directly out of the ground
  - large even on young plants
  - less aromatic than other species
* are like fingers because both are made up of atoms
  - organs to the trees
  - long with very deep teeth, after the plant has gotten large
  - low in nitrogen, yet high in mineral content
  - macrophylls but take the form of needles or scales for most species
  - made to catch light and have openings to allow water and air to come and go
  - mainly responsible for perception of light intensity in plants
  - mesophyllous, and shade leaves, tend to be covered with epiphytic growth
* are most susceptible to infection in spring and early summer
  - vulnerable to infection while still expanding
  - mostly deciduous , only very few alders are evergreen
  - nature's food factories
  - needed to protect and nourish important pollinators
  - normally green , due to chlorophyll in chloroplasts in the chlorenchyma cells
  - of great variety, differing in shape, size, texture and colour
  - often the primary site of photosynthesis
  - one of the most adaptable parts of the plant
  - permission
* are poisonous at all times, even when they are dry
  - to livestock and humans
  - reduced or modified into spines to prevent the loss of water from their surface
  - responsible for photosynthesis
* are rich in carbon, minerals and fibre
  - iron and are supposed to prevent miscarriage
  - singles
  - skeletonized as larvae increase in size
  - succulent and of various shapes
  - susceptible once they are fully expanded and remain susceptible throughout their life
* are susceptible to infection when young but become resistant as they age
  - leaf spot
* are the best year-round source of protein in the rain forest
  - cat's meow in a salad when eaten young, either raw or steamed
  - convex volumes that nodes carve the world into
  - easiest way to tell trees apart
  - flat appendages of the stem where photosynthesis occurs
* are the food factories of a tree
  - making factories of green plants
  - of choice for some monkey species
  - food-manufacturing organs of the tree
  - green food-making parts of the plant
* are the main organs of photosynthesis and transpiration
  - that carry out photosynthesis
  - sites of photosynthesis
  - major source in most species
* are the most common place to see mildew
  - frequently affected plant part
  - obvious part of typical plants
  - part of the crown of a tree
  - powerhouses of the plants where sunlight energy is transformed into plant energy
* are the primary sink for movement of water because of water loss through transpiration
  - site of photosynthisis in most plants
  - site of the food making process called photosynthesis
* are the sites of photosynthesis in plants
  - usual site of photosynthesis in the plant
  - thin to allow maximum sunlight penetration
  - turned into spines to prevent loss of water
* are used as a fomentation
  - by healers when exorcizing spirits
  - usually of a leather-like texture
  - variable in shape and size
  - very diverse in their shape and form and in their arrangement on the plant stem
  - well adapted to their environment
  - wide but thin to collect the maximum amount of sunlight at minimal metabolic cost
  - wider, thinner, and more surface area to capture more sunlight
* arise from the differentiation of cells at the shoot apical meristem.
* become tendril-like and enations form on abaxial leaf surfaces.
* breathe in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen.
* burn in the sun like suns.
* can actually contribute a high percentage of the howler diets
  - also form new plants, when mitosis at meristems along leaf margins takes place
* can be as much as nine feet across, even in Britain
  - many shapes from round to heart-shaped to oblong
  - choke, even plastic plants
  - grow quickly
* can have a wedge-shaped necrotic area which is confined between leaf veins
  - an laxative effect if eaten in large amounts
  - different arrangements on a stem
* can keep animals warm
  - seeds from dying
  - the ground warm
  - kill intestinal worms and are used as an irritant and purgative
  - make homes for animals
  - mat together, making it difficult to bury waste
  - readily absorb nitrogen in the nitrate, ammonium, or urea form
  - regenerate both roots and shoots
  - store food and water, and are modified in some plants for other purposes
  - turn from green to red when temperatures dip to freezing
* capture sunlight to make energy for the plant through the process of photosynthesis
  - food for the plant through the process of photosynthesis
* carry on photosynthesis and develop nourishment for next year's growth.
* change color due to shifting rhythm of the day and night
  - in the fall because the days grow shorter with fewer hours of sunlight
  - with the seasons
  - sunlight into energy through photosynthesis
* change their color, temperatures plummet, and winds pick up
* come in a variety of shapes, sizes, color, and textures
  - wide variety of shapes and colors
* come in many different shapes and sizes
  - shapes, colors and sizes
  - virtually every shade of green - sometimes with other colors mixed in
* consist of two parts - the blade and the petiole.
* contain carbon
  - chlorophyll, a natural green coloring
  - isovitexin and vitexin
  - lower concentrations of the alkaloids
  - malic, citric, and isocitric acid, as well as rutin and quercetin
  - other substances besides chlorophyll that give the leaf color
  - oxydase and chlorogenic acid
  - solamin and atropine
  - twice the nutritive value of stems
  - valuable nutrients and organic matter that fertilize gardens when tilled into plots
  - water which is necessary to convert light energy into glucose through photosynthesis
* curl downward, gradually wither and die.
* damaged by mites tend to look silver, bronze or yellow.
* derive their green color from the pigment chlorophyll found in the cells of the leaf.
* die and fall or hang on dead branches
  - as do entire plants if stems are girdled
  - back during periods of drought or below freezing tempertatures
* dieback progressively from the crown outward and plants die prematurely.
* drop from plants.
* emit faint odor of musk, especially during warm weather or when drawn through the hand.
* fall after walnut but earlier than oaks and maples
  - and decay
  - whirling on plants breaking the gurgling surface
* form cups for holding water.
* form on all the vines and begin to grow larger
  - the trees and flowers come into full bloom
* form the main part of the diet, supplemented with fruits and blossoms
  - majority of the diet
* furnish a fiber used for making fish nets.
* generally decay much more slowly than straw or grass clippings
  - have a higher osmotic pressure than other organs of the plant
* get energy from sunlight
  - their colour from pigments
* grow at the crown and at the nodes of stolons
  - from the nodes
  - long and are damaged by mowers
* hang limply during the heat of the day.
* have a number of anatomical and physiological adaptations to conserve water
  - smokey fragrance when crushed
  - spicy, clover like flavor very popular in foods
  - waxy-coat that prevents their decay in excess water
  - both an upper and lower epidermis consisting of compactly arranged cells
  - cells too
  - glands present at the base of the leaf blade
  - higher chitinase activity than vines
  - large surface area for absorbing light energy
* have many air spaces between the mesophyll cells
  - medicinal values as well
* have medicinal use and seeds are sometimes used in seasoning
  - use, and seeds can be used for seasoning
* have more nutrients, pound for pound, than manure has
  - than one characteristic that help differentiate a monocot from a dicot
  - no culinary value and contain a slightly poisonous compound
  - stomata which are tiny pores and which allow gaseous exchange to take place
  - their time to fall, etc
  - to be arranged on a tree so that there is an efficient interception of the sun's rays
  - two structures that minimize water loss, the cuticle and stomata
* help carry on photosynthesis.
* help the plant capture sunlight and the roots soak up nutrients in the soil
  - utilize sunlight to make food for the plant
* hide flowers that bloom in summer or fall.
* hold their color for a long period.
  - new sprouts from freezing in the spring
  - sprouts from dying in the spring
  - their shape when taken out of the water
* killed from anthracnose infections can remain on branch tips all winter long.
* lose flavor and freshness if dried.
* make a characteristic fluttering noise when in a breeze.
* make food by going through photosynthesis, it holds up the plant and carries chlorophyll
  - for the tree to grow on, using sunlight, water, and air
  - in the sunlight using air and water
  - that is stored in the bulbs for a repeat showing next year
  - to feed the tree
  - via the process of photosynthesis
  - with the help of the sun
  - sugars and oxygen
  - up a small portion of the diet throughout the year
* manufacture food and protect the trunk against sunburn
  - for plants, which in turn ultimately nourish and sustain all land animals
* move with every puff of wind.
* obtain nutrients from the air, soil, and water.
* occur in a vast range of forms
  - various types according to size, shape, color, texture, form and other characters
* often become encrusted with salt secretions
  - form at the nodes of a stem
  - turn yellow or wilt and die back
* originate at and mark the node or joints of the stem.
* photosynthesise , making sugars.
* photosynthesize and recharge bulbs with energy for next year's blooms.
* play a vital role in the survival and growth of the plant.
* produce copal, a resin once used as incense
  - food for the plant and help with respiration
* produce oxygen by photosynthesis and the plant transports it to the roots
  - gas by photosynthesis
* protect against sunburn.
* provide a means of chlorophyll through photosynthesis to develop energy to form roots.
* readily lose their green color while drying and sometimes become brown or even black.
* receive their green color during the process of trying to absorb energy from the sun.
* reduce in size with pruning, trunks develop size and taper rapidly.
* require light, nutrients, and water to produce food for another year of growth and flowering.
* return carbohydrates to roots after stem elongation begins.
* rot quickly in wet weather.
* serve as factories where the tree's food is made.
* shoot from a creeping rhizome that binds the sediment.
* soothe urinary tract infections and irritations.
* spin through the air.
* sprout at the beginning of the rainy season, when water is plentiful.
* start growing, reaching for the sun.
* start to grow again in fall, stay green through winter
  - yellow, then fall to the earth to rot
* stay green late into fall, after all other leaves have fallen.
* stored in bags can become a nesting site for rodents.
* strongly resemble and smell like chrysanthemum leaves.
* take in carbon dioxide from the air, water from the soil, and energy from the sunlight
  - priority over roots, rhizomes, and food storage
* tend to curl and twist
  - drop when the plant is exposed to cold temperatures
  - pack and smother roots
* then turn shades of red, yellow, or brown as the magnesium is removed.
* trapped beneath other leaves soon rot.
* turn a gray-green color as they die, similar to frost damage
  - yellow or brown color, wilt, shrivel and eventually die
  - an assortment of shades of reds, yellows, and oranges
  - brown and fall off deciduous trees in the Autumn
  - color and then fall to the ground
* turn from green to brown, And, tumble closer to the ground
  - normal dark green to light green as the plant declines
  - red or yellow in the fall and have large clusters of red fruit that birds love
  - the energy in sunlight into food for growth
  - their many colors and begin to fall
* turn yellow and die when plants get too little chlorine from the soil
  - plants are stunted and gradually die
  - between veins and eventually shed as plants die to leave bare stems
  - yellow, wither, and die
* undergo a color change from green to blue-black after cutting.
* undergoing rapid transpiration can be significantly cooler than the surrounding air.
* use more energy for respiration than they can produce through photosynthesis
  - plant sap when they expand, and the tree excretes less sap from the wound
  - sunlight to make and store more food for the plant to use as it keeps growing
* usually die during winter
  - dry out and break off by flowering time
  - have the best flavor around the time when the flowers first open
  - remain attractive in winter unless temperatures dip well below zero
* vary enormously in shape, size, texture and surface
  - greatly in their shape
  - in size, shape, texture, and hairiness
* wither and die in spring
  - dry, but they hang on the stems after they dies
* yield an azure dye.