Caffeine
* 'stimulant' drug.
* Addresses the health and nutritional effects of caffeinated foods and beverages.
* Most caffeine affects bodily functions
  - brains
  - many bodily functions
* Most caffeine causes excretion
  - urination
  - finds in cocoa beans
* Most caffeine has crystal
  - potential effects
  - tiny crystal
* Some caffeine causes dehydration.
* Some caffeine comes from fossil fuel
  - contributes to development
* Some caffeine has metabolism
  - weight
* Some caffeine improves motility
  - sperm motility
  - inhibits absorption
* Some caffeine interferes with absorption
  - iron absorption
  - produces resistance
  - promotes depletion
  - raises blood pressure
  - triggers anxiety
* acts as a diuretic agent helping to eliminate fluids and restructuring fat
  - diuretic, draining needed fluids from the body
* acts as a mild stimulant to the central nervous system
  - the nervous system
  - poi.son when taken in more than small amounts
  - poison when taken in more than small amounts
* acts as a stimulant but at the dose employed it probably has little effect
  - on the central nervous system
  - to the heart and central nervous system
* actually very small component of coffee.
  - different people differently
  - each person's performance differently
  - everyone in similar ways
  - people in different ways
  - the central nervous system by increasing mental alertness and reducing fatigue
* aggravates the stress reaction.
* also acts as a diuretic and can contribute to feeling jittery
  - increases the secretion of gastric acid in the stomach
  - flushing out minerals through the kidneys
  - diuretic, which means it works on the kidneys to excrete more urine
  - mild diuretic as it increases the flow of urine and can be addictive
  - affects circulatory function and has unpredictable effect on blood pressure
  - alters the baby s heart rate and respiration
  - antagonizes presynaptic adenosine receptors, facilitating catecholamine release
  - can extend and magnify many of the symptoms of stress overload
  - causes nervousness, anxiety, and irritability
  - competes for receptors with adenosine, an inhibitory compound
  - decrease calcium absorption
  - decreases reaction time to visual and auditory stimuli
  - dilates bronchial tissue and increases respiratory rates
  - has medicinal properties
* also has some appetite suppressing qualities
  - weak appetite-suppressant properties
  - the ability to depersonalize
  - increases the activity of detoxification enzymes under some circumstances
  - keeps many people from sleeping, causes jitteriness, and affects calcium metabolism
  - lowers the body's calcium absorption by frequent urination
  - lurks in teas, colas, other soft drinks, cocoa, and chocolate
  - passes easily from the mother to the fetus through the placenta
  - raises levels of cortisol, a hormone released during stress
  - reduces the quality of sleep
  - stays in the system for two days, which can disrupt sleep
* also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system
  - more frequent urination, as any coffee drinker knows
* also stimulates the medullary respiratory center and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
  - secretion of gastric acid and increases urination
* appears to block the effects of creatine.
* artificially stimulates the adrenal glands, which is fine and well occasionally.
* attenuates vasovagal reactions in first-time blood donors.
* augments the oral and rectal absorption of ergotamine.
* base and is soluble in dichloromethane and insoluble in water
  - which can react with acids to form salts
* belongs to the xanthine chemical group.
* binds the adenosine receptor, blocking the function of the normal ligand, adenosine.
* bitter white crystalline alkaloid.
* bitter, water-soluble substance.
* bladder irritant, meaning that it causes more urgency to urinate.
* blocks the accumulation of adenosine in cells and increases wakefulness.
* boosts the pain-relieving effects of ibuprofen.
* breaks down into uric acid, which the body excretes through the kidneys.
* can act a diuretic, which results in water loss
  - affect students' anxiety levels as well, and even cause more stress
  - aggravate heat stress in the summer
* can also aggravate stomach ulcers by increasing stomach acid production
  - alter the body's metabolism of some nutriments including calcium and iron
  - be detrimental in that it diuretic, causing water loss
* can also be harmful to the growing bodies of children
  - when it is combined with stress
  - very effective and is given by mouth
* can also cause gastric disturbances like nausea and vomiting
  - low birth weight
  - have some serious side effects
  - hurt people if they drink a lot at once
  - impede the excretion of cocaine
  - specifically affect women
  - upset some peoples' stomachs
  - alter one's health in many ways
* can be a bladder irritant, which worsens some symptoms
  - nice energy boost, but like all drugs it can be abused
  - potent gastric stimulator and increase output by causing diarrhea
  - an effective antidepressant
  - effective in helping to alleviate some types of headaches
  - habit-forming
  - helpful in dispelling sleep inertia upon arising
  - toxic if over-used, and continued use can result in addiction
  - useful in treating some types of headaches, including migraines
* can be very damaging, especially if it is consumed in large quantities
  - helpful, because it constricts blood vessels
* can cause anxiety when taken with bronchodilators
  - depletion of inositol
  - hot flashes
  - irregular heartbeats, ulcers and heartburn
  - irritability and make sleep difficult
  - nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness or rapid heartbeat
  - problems for people who have heart problems or are taking certain medications
  - some individuals to have difficulty sleeping at night
* can cause the blood vessels to narrow
  - heart to beat faster and hasten the effects cold has on the body
  - certainly interfere with our ability to sleep
* can contribute to dehydration and alter digestive tract motility
  - gastrointestinal motility
* can delay sleep
  - the onset of sleep
  - dry out the mouth
  - enhance performance in endurance sports
* can have a negative impact on one's health
  - both positive and negative health effects
  - withdrawal symptoms, most experience mild symptoms
  - help relieve pain faster when it is used in conjunction with aspirin
* can increase blood pressure and cause vasoconstriction
  - concentration and counteract fatigue
  - irritability and breast tenderness
  - slightly the amount of calcium lost through the digestive and urinary tracts
  - tinnitus as well as stimulate the problems mentioned above under foods
  - inhibit the absorption of iron
* can intensify certain heart rhythm problems, and cause a temporary rise in blood pressure
  - interfere with sleep
  - overstimulate an excitable heart
  - pass through the placenta and into the breast milk
  - play a role in sleep disorders
  - prevent pregnancy from beginning
* can raise blood pressure and the heart rate temporarily
  - in some people
  - the metabolic level, body temperature, blood pressure and blood sugar level
  - reduce sleepiness and increase alertness, but only temporarily
  - restrict blood vessels inhibiting a successful ovulation period
* can stimulate gastric secretions
  - the force of contraction and can increase heart rate
  - worsen anxiety and lead to poor sleeping patterns
* cans have adverse effects
* cardiac stimulant as well as a diuretic , and it stimulates release of gastric acid.
* causes acne.
* causes breast disease
  - tenderness, anxiety, and mood swings
  - cancer and birth defects in laboratory animals
  - hyperactivity in children
  - more urination, so it can undo the benefit of drinking fluids
* causes the formation of a thin layer of energy around the heart muscles
  - heart to pound by blocking the action of adenosine
  - same vicious cycle
* chemical compound similar to the hormone adrenaline
  - that occurs naturally in coffee, tea, kola nuts, and chocolate
* combined with a short nap effectively counteracts sleepiness.
* comes from other plants as well.
* common alkaloid, found in tea and coffee, which has a stimulatory effect
  - ingredient in beverages such as coffee, tea, chocolate, soft drinks and cocoa
* commonly consumed drug.
* constricts blood vessels adding to the effects of stress
  - and has been shown to decrease brain activity
* containing foods and beverages can affect the gastrointestinal tract
  - products are also culprits in the stress war
* conteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading.
* contributes to feelings of stress
  - ulcers and sugar to children's hyperactivity
* counteracts the effects of inhibitory neurons i
* crosses the placenta to the baby
  - placental barrier, but there are no proven links to birth defects
* definite no-no.
* definitely increases anxiety.
* dehydrates the body and contributes to the aging of the skin and kidneys
  - so de-caffeinated tea and coffee is better
* depletes minerals and especially magnesium.
* desensitizes some individuals.
* directly stimulates the myocardium and central nervous system.
* diuretic and causes fluid loss by increasing urine output
  - the body to dehydrate easily
  - promotes fluid loss
  - that causes excessive urinary loss of fluids
* diuretic which can cause dehydration
  - induces urination and tends to dehydrate the body
* diuretic, a substance that encourages urination
  - and stools without water get hard, which is what causes pouches to form
  - causing loss of fluids
* diuretic, which puts stress on the kidneys
  - stimulates the kidneys to excrete fluid
* does decrease bone mass and increase risk of hip fracture
  - stimulate the human nervous system and causes a feeling of wakefulness
* double-edged sword when it comes to headaches
* drinks such as coffee and cola have the same effect.
* drug and when used on a daily basis, it can cause rebound headaches.
* drug found in a number of plants like coffee beans, cocoa beans, and tea leaves
  - often in drinks
* drug that affects the human body
  - very quickly equalizes amongst all body fluid
  - with a variety of effects on humans
* drug, so coffee is an example
  - which stimulates the central nervous system
* efects on learning, performance, and anxiety in normal schol-age children.
* effects the central nervous system.
* elevates blood pressure response to exercise in mild hypertensive men
  - negative stress symptoms
* enhances alertness, concentration, and memory
  - the effectiveness of the other two drugs
* enters the bloodstream and passes through the placental barrier to the fetus
  - body and forces the working muscles to utilize as much fat as possible
* especially can aggravate symptoms like anxiety, depression and breast tenderness.
* exists naturally in coffee, tea, and chocolate.
* finds in beans
* first-class psychic medicine.
* forces the liver to release glycogen into the blood stream.
* greatly increases miscarriage risk , says a new study.
* has a bitter taste
  - classic bitter taste that enhances other flavors
  - mild diuretic effect
  - purine ring in which each of three nitrogen atoms bears a methyl group
  - stimulating effect, and it reduces fatigue
  - tendency to make breasts more tender and lumpy
  - well-known effect on the central nervous system, that stimulates mental energy
  - health risks for certain users
  - little effect on human health
* has no effect on sprint events
  - flavor and can be removed from a food by a chemical process called decaffeination
  - taste of any worth
  - toxic effects but can cause withdrawal symptoms after repeated use
  - tyramine per se, but aggravates the symptoms of headache and hypertension
  - other benefits
  - some negatives and positives, that much is certain
* has the effect of raising and then lowering blood sugar levels
  - potential to affect all systems of the body, as it is absorbed by most tissues
* improves cognitive performance after strenuous physical exercise
* increases alertness
  - anxiety and reduce drug's efficacy
  - basal metabolic rate in adults
  - both the stimulant and thermogenic effects of ephedra
  - calcium loss because it's a diuretic
  - heart rate and adrenaline in the bloodstream, forcing the body into wakefulness
  - muscle tension and makes the nervous system more sensitive to pain
  - renal renin secretion in a rat model of genetic heart failure
* increases the caloric burning rate
  - level of circulating fatty acids
  - loss of calcium through the kidneys and intestines
  - metabolism, heart rate and blood pressure, and causes mood irritability
  - rate at which calcium is lost through urine
* increases the risk of drug toxicity
  - risks of infertility, miscarriage, and impaired fetal growth
  - urinary excretion and calcium increases fecal excretion
* induces significant increases in cortisol, but no meaningful change in prolactin.
* inhibits the body's normal biochemical turn off mechanism for stress responses
  - phosphodiesterase enzyme that is involved with the second messenger mechanism
* initially causes blood vessels to shrink.
* intensifies the action of insulin and is also forbidden.
* interferes with GIRK channels in a way that causes people to become wide-awake.
* interrupts our daily sleeping patterns by altering the chemical reactions in our brain.
* involves a LOT of variability.
* irritates the colon and an irritated colon is often a noisy, gassy one.
* is Life
  - absorbed very quickly in the body and then passes into the central nervous system
  - active ingredient in the most popular stimulating beverages
  - actually a modifiable risk factor to osteoporosis
* is added artificially to many others, including a variety of beverages
  - to some medicines because it increases the power of aspirin and other painkillers
  - addictive substances
* is also a diuretic - it increases the loss of water
  - and can dehydrate the pregnant woman's body of valuable water
  - diuretic, which means it increases urination
  - factor in increased bone loss
  - physical stressor
  - powerful diuretic
  - stimulant and can prevent some people from sleeping well if taken after dinner
  - stimulant, which can add a letdown feeling after the effect wears off
  - stimulus for sperm and can help for infertility
  - addictive and withdrawal can cause headaches, lethargy and depression
  - an anti-oxidant
  - available in soft drinks, chewing gum and tablets
  - in chocolate
* is also present in colas, chocolate bars, and cocoa
  - tea and cola
* is an addictive drug that contributes to a long list of disease
  - substance, no less than nicotine
  - adenosine antagonist
* is an alkaloid and acts in the body as a mild stimulant
  - found in tea leaves, kola nuts, coffee, and cocoa beans
  - example of a class of psychoactive drugs called stimulant drugs
  - illegal substance, so is ephedrine, which is found in over the counter cold medicine
  - ingredient in medications used to treat migraine headaches
  - another drug
  - anti-depressant and shows no long term addictions in moderate amounts
  - available in many foods, beverages, and medications
  - classified as a central nervous system stimulant
* is cleared from the body through metabolism and excreted in the urine
  - rapidly through metabolism and excretion in the urine
  - consumed in large quantities around the world
  - contained in many drinks especially coffee, tea, and cola beverages
  - desired sometimes merely because of it's stimulating properties
  - eliminated by liver metabolism
  - excreted in breast milk, reaching a peak level about an hour after consumption
  - found in breast milk following the consumption of tea or coffee
* is found in coffee, black tea, chocolate, cocoa, and cola
  - cola drinks, chocolate bars and some medicines
  - chocolate, cola drinks, tea, and other products
  - some kinds of tea, chocolate, some soft drinks, and some medications
  - tea and some carbonated beverages, especially colas
  - tea, chocolate, and many sodas
* is found in coffee, tea, cola drinks, chocolate and certain drugs
  - nuts, mate and guarana
* is found in coffee, tea, colas, and chocolate
  - sodas and chocolate
  - drinks such as coffee, tea or colas and foods that contain cocoa
* is found in many beverages and soft drinks
  - foods and beverages including coffee, tea, chocolate and soda
  - products such as coffee, tea, cola and chocolate
  - regular coffee, black tea, green tea, colas and chocolate
  - soft drinks, chocolate, coffee, and some kinds of tea
  - tea, coffee, soft drinks and chocolate
  - given by mouth once a day
* is in many drinks and foods
  - the formula for energy and to work synergistically with the other ingredients
  - today's coffee, tea and soda
  - ingested in behaviorally active doses by hundreds of millions of people each day
* is known to also cause insomnia
  - cross the placental barrier
  - deplete the body's supply of inositol
  - increase urinary loss of calcium
  - like any other drug
  - likely to enhance the cardiovascular and central nervous system effects of ephedrine
  - mildly addictive, causing dependence, cravings and withdrawals
  - neutral to litmus paper
  - no substitute for sleep
  - one of the biggest overall culprits as far as breast pain is concerned
* is one of the most common drugs in the Western world
  - comprehensively studied ingredients in the food supply
* is one of the most thoroughly studied food constituents
  - widely used stimulants
  - prime offenders of gastroesophageal reflux disease
  - world s most popular drugs
* is one of the world's most widely used drugs, and has been around for centuries
  - only an evil when it's abused
  - part of the methylxanthine family
* is present in a variety of foods and beverages
  - beverages including coffee, tea, soft drinks and chocolate
* is present in coffee, tea, many soft drinks and chocolate
  - soft drinks, cocoa, chocolate, and kola nuts
  - many sodas, coffee, tea, hot chocolate, and chocolate candy
  - most soft drinks
  - soft drinks, tea, chocolate and of course coffee
  - varying amounts in different beverages
* is probably the most popular and readily available drug in the world
  - world's most popular drug
  - produced commercially chiefly as a by-product in making decaffeinated coffee
  - relatively contraindicated in patients with cardiac disease
* is removed from solvent with water and crystallized
  - rapidly, thereby preserving the natural characteristics of the bean
  - responsible for tea's stimulating effect
  - special, and radical too
  - structurally related to other methylxanthines, theophylline and theobromine
  - suspected to help with headaches in two key ways
  - synthesized from purine nucleotides
* is the familiar active ingredient in coffee, tea, and many soft drinks
  - main drug that is in coffee
  - most commonly used addictive drug in the world
* is the most commonly used drug on the planet
  - to self-medicate fatigue
* is the most frequently studied chemical in coffee, but there are hundreds of others
  - used psychoactive substance in the world
  - popular drug in the world
  - widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world
* is the most widely used drug in the world today
  - stimulant in the world
* is the only drug that is widely added to the food supply
  - mind-altering drug worth taking on a regular basis
  - preferred stimulant among athletes
  - subject of considerable ongoing research
  - substance that stimulates the central nervous system
  - the key active ingredient in green tea
  - world's favorite psychoactive substance
* is the world's most popular drug
  - widely consumed and only entirely unregulated psychoactive agent
  - worst culprit, followed closely by refined sugar
  - therefore the initial drug of choice for apnea of prematurity
  - thought to enhance the analgesic effects of acetaminophen
  - unquestionably the most widely used mood-altering drug in the world
  - unusual as an alkaloid in that it is a
* is used as a flavor in a variety of beverages
  - medically as a mild stimulant or headache-killer
* is, after all, a mood-altering drug
  - nonetheless, a drug
* kills the beneficial bacteria present in the colon.
* known diuretic, mild stimulant and appetite-suppressant
* leeches small amounts of calcium from the bones.
* long-acting drug.
* main ingredient in many cellulite creams.
* makes a regular appearance in the ingredients lists of common painkillers.
* material with a strongly bitter taste.
* methylxanthine alkaloid and is widely distributed in nature.
* mild stimulant and people have variable sensitivity to caffeine
  - that affects the nervous system
  - which is found in the leaves, fruits, and seeds of many plants
  - which helps to keep people awake
* mildly addictive substance that stimulates the central nervous system.
* minor constituent of tea, coffee, and other natural plant materials.
* mobilizes fat stores and encourages working muscles to use fat as a fuel.
* moves through the body within a few hours after it is consumed.
* natural alkaloid methylxanthine.
* natural component of coffee beans
  - part of coffee, tea and chocolate
  - product belonging to a group of compounds called alkaloids
  - stimulant and is present in foods like coffee, chocolate, and colas
* naturally occurring herbicide
  - xanthine derivative
  - occurs in the leaves, nuts and seeds of plants
* nerve stimulant.
* normally sublimes before it melts.
* occurs naturally in coffee, tea, and chocolate
  - cola and, to some degree, cocoa beans
  - many plants, including coffee beans, tea leaves and cocoa nuts
  - tea, coffee, cocoa, and chocolate, and is added to many soft drinks
  - the coffee bean, tea leaves, guarana, and other plants
* often improves symptoms for persons with headaches or migraines
  - makes people nervous, anxious, hyper, stressed out, tense
* passes readily into mother's milk
  - to breast milk, which can cause irritability and sleeplessness in a breastfed baby
* physically addictive drug.
* poor energy substitute for good, old fashioned, rest.
* poses many potential side effects that can affect one s lifestyle.
* potent stimulant, and is present in a wide range of beverages.
* potentiates the renin response to diazoxide in man.
* powerful central nervous system stimulant whose effects diminish with increased usage
  - circadian clock resetter
  - sleep inhibitor that stays in the bloodstream for up to six hours
  - stimulant that can cause insomnia, irritability andsometimes anxiety attacks
* prevents deep, restful sleep necessary for optimal health and well-being
* probably contains a conjugated system.
* problem for spiders.
* promotes dehydration
  - the production of the stress hormones, which in turn can increase anxiety
* provides a characteristic flavor to soft drinks.
* psychoactive drug, and people who use it find it habit-forming
  - meaning it alters mood, thinking or behaviour
* readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta.
* reduces the absorption of calcium
  - body's ability to cope with pain
  - chance of getting pregnant
  - net availability of iron supplied from food
  - suicide rate amongst nurses who regularly imbibe
* regulates the blood vessels to stop the pounding effect.
* relieves migraines.
* restricts blood flow.
* saturates all body tissues and fluids, including breast milk.
* seems to disrupt the body clock rhythms of extreme morning people
  - increase coronary heart disease deaths independent of serum cholesterol levels
  - make body fat more readily available as fuel to exersizing muscles
* shortens reaction time to visual and auditory stimuli.
* significantly improves mental performance, mood and physical endurance.
* socially acceptable, legal drug consumed by all groups in society.
* speeds the ingredients of the pain reliever into the body faster.
* speeds up nerve communication
  - our metabolism
  - the release of both, especially adrenaline
* stimulant and can cause the heart to beat faster
  - it does have effects
  - potentiates the stress response
  - found in coffee and one cup can improve alertness without doing any harm
  - like nicotine
* stimulant that affects many parts of the body
  - can actually put more stress on the heart
  - occurs in several plants widely distributed throughout the world
* stimulant which acutely helps reduce headache pain
  - can be found in coffee, tea, colas and chocolate
  - counteracts the antianxiety effects of tranquilizers
  - does help ADD symptoms
  - passes into breast milk
* stimulant, and a stimulant constricts blood vessels
  - relatively high amounts of it can speed up the heartbeat
  - which means it has an alerting or wake-up effect
* stimulates an increased use of fat as fuel during the exercise
  - overproduction of insulin, which ultimately promotes weight gain
* stimulates the body reactions and also stimulates the cerebrum
  - brain and behavior
* stimulates the central nervous system and blood circulation
  - heart and the respiratory system
  - production of adrenaline
* strong, addictive stimulant.
* suppresses the immune system of essential minerals.
* takes calcium out of the bones, as does alcohol.
* tends to accumulate in the infant
  - dehydrate the skin
  - drop blood sugar and aggravate the entire high-low blood sugar problem
  - exaggerate the physical and mental effects of stress
* tends to increase both swelling of the breasts and water retention
  - the incidence of hot flashes
  - throw the nervous and endocrine systems out of balance
* varies in the fresh green leaf depending on fineness of pluck.
* vasoconstrictor - a substance that reduces blood supply by narrowing blood vessels.
* well-known cause of sleeplessness, found in cola, tea, cocoa, as well as in coffee
  - stimulant that can set the heart racing, and prevent sleep
* white powder which dissolves easily in water and has a slightly bitter taste.
* widely used drug, as are the illegal substances, marijuana and cocaine.
+ Caffeine, How much caffeine is safe
  - Problems with caffeine
  * Caffeine is a problem for spiders. The image above shows a spiderweb which was woven by a normal spider.
  * Caffeine can also hurt people if they drink a lot at once. If someone takes too much of a drug at once it is called an 'overdose'. Caffeine overdose is a medical diagnosis
+ Caffeine, What caffeine is
  * Caffeine is a 'stimulant' drug. A stimulant is a drug that increases body actions like heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. It makes a person feel more awake and alert
  - used for
  * Caffeine also has medicinal properties. It is used in many over the counter medicines, such as Excedrin, Midol and Anacin. When combined with other analgesics, caffeine can help to alleviate headaches and cramps
  - Where caffeine is from: Chemical compounds :: Organic compounds :: Drugs :: Former good articles
  * Caffeine is the main drug that is in coffee. Coffee comes from a tree. The seeds of the tree are roasted to make coffee.
  * Caffeine comes from other plants as well. The plants use caffeine as a 'pesticide'. This is a chemical that kills insects if they eat the plant. It is the way the plant protects itself
+ Coffee, Health problems
  * Coffee contains the drug caffeine. Caffeine is a mild  which helps to keep people awake. Caffeine, like many drugs, can be addictive and can cause health problems.