### person | antagonist:

Tamoxifen
* acts as an anti-estrogen, slowing or stopping the growth of the cancer cells
  - oestrogen agonist in endometrium of the ewe
  - like a hormone by binding to estrogen receptors
* already is used widely to prevent the spread or return of breast cancer.
* also blocks formation of second primary tumors in the other breast
  - can cause problems such as blood clots and hot flashes
  - decreases the risk of heart attack by lowering cholesterol levels in the blood
* also has an estrogenic effect that lowers cholesterol and preserves bone density
  - both bad and good side-effects
  - some positive side effects
  - increases menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal discharge
  - possesses tumour-promoting activity in the rat liver
  - promotes liver cancer in rats previously exposed to low doses of other carcinogens
* also reduces the incidence of cancer in the other breast and of osteoporosis
  - risk of another cancer forming in the other breast
* are drugs.
* arrests the growth of breast cancer tumor cells.
* attenuates glucocorticoid actions on bone formation in vitro.
* blocks chloride channels
* blocks the actions of estrogen in a woman's body
  - brain s use of estrogen, thus producing menopause-like symptoms
  - effect of oestrogen on the cell, so it blocks the drive to grow
* blocks the effects of estrogen in a different way
  - the hormone estrogen in the body
  - estrogen receptor, thus starving the tumor
  - female sex hormone oestrogen
  - growth of breast tumors by interacting with the receptors for estrogen
  - receptors in breast tissue and stops oestrogen from working
* can adopt a structural conformation which resembles the steroid nucleus
  - halt the progression of metastatic breast cancer
  - help prevent osteoporosis
  - interact with the same receptor on cells that binds estrogen
  - lower cholesterol levels
  - mean the difference between life and death for a breast cancer patient
  - provide some of the beneficial aspects of estrogen
  - reduce the risk of breast cancer in some women
  - work to block the estrogen receptors that stimulate cancer cell growth
* citrate belongs to a group of medicines called anti-oestrogens.
* commonly used medication for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
* competitively inhibits the binding of oestrogen to the oestrogen receptor sites.
* continues to be studied for the prevention of breast cancer.
* decreases the incidence of invasive and noninvasive breast cancer.
* does decrease the risk of a second cancer developing in the other breast.
* drug commonly used as part of the treatment for breast cancer.
* drug in pill form that interferes with the activity of oestrogen
  - with the activity of the female hormone estrogen
  - is taken orally
  - taken orally in pill form
* drug that blocks estrogen
  - the action of the hormone estrogen
  - is very similar to estrogen
  - used to oppose estrogen's ability to stimulate growth of breast cancer cells
  - with a dual personality
* drug, taken by mouth as a pill.
* enters the bloodstream and travels throughout the body.
* first-line hormonal therapy for breast cancer.
* has a few important side effects.
* has an effect upon the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium
  - extensive, proven record
  - estrogenic effects on bone, endometrium, liver
  - major side effects
* has mixed effects depending on the organ it s acting on
  - organ it's acting on
  - oestrogenic effects on human fetal genital tracts grown in athymic mice
  - side effects that are both medical and also physical
  - some beneficial side effects, too
* highly toxic drug.
* hormonal agent used commonly in the treatment of breast cancer.
* hormone therapy which is commonly used to treat breast cancer.
* interferes with the activity of estrogen in breast tissue
  - cancer cell's ability to use estrogen for fuel to divide and grow
* is absorbed into the bloodstream and carried to all parts of the body
  - actually a weakened estrogen
  - added if the tumor tested positive for estrogen or progesterone receptors
  - advantageous in treating all stages of breast cancer
* is an 'anti-oestrogen' drug
* is an anti-estrogen drug used to treat cancer
  - that is used to treat or prevent breast cancer
  - anti-hormone
  - anti-oestrogen drug often given as part of the treatment for breast cancer
* is an estrogen antagonist
  - blocker
  - example, which is used for estrogen dependent breast cancer
  - important drug for treating breast cancer
  - often-used drug for treatment and, more recently, prevention of breast cancer
  - another option to consider in the patient with previous breast cancer
* is associated with endometrial thickening by transvaginal ultrasound
  - little toxicity
  - numerous side effects
  - available in pill form
  - believed to stop the attachment, thus preventing or delaying breast cancer recurrence
  - clearly an advance in the treatment of breast cancer
  - currently the most widely prescribed cancer drug in the world
  - generally well tolerated and safe
* is given in pill form
  - to patients whose cancers contain estrogen receptors
  - less toxic than most anti-cancer drugs
  - most beneficial for younger women with an elevated risk of breast cancer
* is one of the cheaper, first-line treatments
  - most common drugs used for hormonal therapy, taken daily as a pill
  - older hormone-manipulating agents and has been in use for over two decades
  - such treatment
  - patterned on natural estrogen, but with some synthetic modification
  - probably the biggest single contributor to the fall in the death rate
* is taken as a daily tablet and usually causes few unwanted side effects
  - tablet every day
  - by mouth every day
* is taken by mouth in tablet form and is usually prescribed as a single daily dose
  - the best studied and has been used to both treat and protect against breast cancer
* is the first approved medication for the prevention of breast cancer
  - drug to be shown to prevent breast cancer in some women at high risk
  - main anti-estrogen drug
* is the most common hormonal treatment
  - type of hormonal therapy
* is the most commonly prescribed adjuvant therapy for women with breast cancer
  - used type of hormone therapy
  - frequently prescribed medicine for breast cancer
* is the most widely used anti-estrogen or hormonal medication in adjuvant therapy
  - medicine for the treatment of breast cancer
  - only proven way to reduce the risk of breast cancer
  - tolerated well by most patients
* is used as a chemotherapeutic agent because it stops the cell cycle
  - to treat and prevent some types of breast cancer that require estrogen to grow
* is used to treat breast cancer in women whose tumours have oestrogen receptors
  - that has spread to other parts of the body
  - usually well tolerated and serious side effects are rare
* laboratory-made drug, taken in pill form.
* man-made hormone which is used to treat breast cancer.
* medication that is commonly used to treat breast cancer.
* mixed agonist antagonist of estrogen.
* naturally occurring estrogen inhibitor used to prevent breast cancer recurrences.
* nonsteroidal agent that has shown potent antiestrogenic properties.
* occupies the estrogen receptor site, preventing estrogen from binding.
* often does get a bad rep for a number of things.
* perfect example of how medical knowledge develops.
* prevents the binding of estrogen from occurring
* protects against myocardial infarction through mechanisms that are poorly understood.
* puts cancer on starvation diet.
* reduces fractures to a moderate degree
  - stroke infarct size in middle cerebral artery occluded ovariectomized rats
  - the risk of developing breast cancer, while raloxifene can prevent osteoporosis
* seems to be a very interesting drug with different effects in different species
  - have an effect like estrogen on the lining of the uterus and makes it grow
* serious drug.
* slightly increases the chance of blood clots in the legs or lungs of women who take it.
* sometimes causes mild nausea and vomiting.
* stimulates sperm output by increasing the release of gonadotropins.
* synthetic estrogen which has anti-estrogen effects in certain parts of the body
  - hormone used to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer
* type of hormonal therapy used to treat breast cancer
* use with calcium supplements can result in hypercalcemia.
* usually has mild side effects, and many women have no side effects at all.
* works against breast cancer at all stages of the illness
  - by interfering with the activity of the hormone estrogen
  - both as an antiestrogen and a very weak estrogen within the uterus
* works by blocking the action of estrogen, and so the growth of cancer
  - estrogen that fuels breast-tumor growth
* works in breast tissue by interfering with estrogen, a hormone that promotes cell growth
  - much the same way
  - on women whose tumors had been estrogen and progesterone positive