### waters:

Lake
* All lakes are temporary interruptions in a stream's course
  - contain organic matter, such as algae, rooted aquatic plants and leaves
  - undergo an aging process, whereby sediments accumulate over time
* Every lake has microscopic algae in suspension in the water
  - several key locations where big bass are caught more frequently than anywhere else
* Many lakes are open year-round
  - can appear dead at midday, only to come alive in the early morning or evening
* Many lakes contain some natural contaminants
  - wild trout and are also stocked with hatchery-raised trout
  - depend on rainfall as their sole source of water
  - form slowly by moving one grain of sand at a time until a shallow lake basin forms
* Many lakes have parasites that can cause rashes
  - salmon, lake trout, rainbow, brook, and brown trout
  - occupy irregular ice-carved basins in rolling topography on glaciated islands
  - occur at higher elevations and drain through streams to lower elevations
  - stratify in winter because ice covers the lake surface
* Most lakes are at their lowest levels during the summer months
  - fed by rivers and, to a lesser extent, rainfall
* Most lakes are in great shape as fewer winter storms left waters clearer than normal
  - the process of icing up
  - open to anglers year-round and can really fire up over the winter months
  - still and contain a diverse plant and animal life
* Most lakes attract ducks
  - geese
  - contain fish
* Most lakes have areas that possess flats somewhere
  - beds
  - conditions
  - either brushy or swampy banks, so they don t lend themselves to wading
  - fairly rounded contours
* Most lakes have shallow areas
  - water areas
  - stable water levels
  - temperature
  - three layers
  - types
  - uniform temperature
* Most lakes have water levels
  - hold big bass
  - never freeze to the bottom
  - now have a thin layer of ice
* Most lakes provide clean water
  - drink water
  - moisture
  - smallmouth habitats
* Most lakes serve as habitats
  - rich habitats
  - stratify into three layers during late spring, staying that way until late fall
* Some lakes also contain Arctic char
  - support commercial fisheries or are valued for recreation
  - are accessible by snowmobile while others are by ski or snowshoe only
* Some lakes are big enough for waves to be produced
  - that they can stay full through rain instead of inflows
  - largely aquatic-insect oriented
  - open bowls with low shores like a southern reservoir transported to Mars
  - shallow, warm and have lots of aquatic plants
  - warm enough to swim in
  - become hunt territory
* Some lakes carry bass
  - smallmouth bass
* Some lakes contain perches
  - spine sticklebacks
  - disappear when their source of water is diminished
  - do have restrictions on boat speeds during certain hours
  - draw down the water level in the winter to freeze the roots
* Some lakes have a thermocline during the summer months
  - abundances
  - density
  - extensive shallows where fish cruise on their search for a meal
  - gravel substrate
* Some lakes have natural beaches
  - surface-water inlets and outlets
  - nitrogen
* Some lakes have no structure, meaning a flat bottom or no weed beds
  - surface streams flowing in or out
  - visible once a part of the mainland
  - lie near the highest regions of the earth, and others are far below sea level
  - occur in broader valleys
  - produce large numbers of crustaceans, such as freshwater shrimps, hog-lice and crayfish
  - provide safe places
  - receive Arctic grayling, and some Arctic char
* abhor all excesses created by humans.
* abound, and are identifiable in winter only by an absence of trees on the snow.
* act as history books, recording the events that impact a region over time.
* affect weather conditions over a large area.
* also constitute habitats for a variety of birds, fishes and other aquatic life
  - lose water to ground water sources
* are a critically important component of the state's environmental and economic health
  - surprisingly rare phenomenon in nature
  - transitional and short-term phenomena
  - about edges, orifices
  - abundant even above treeline
  - alive with geese and ducks, sometimes hidden by early morning mists
* are also common along slow-moving rivers and in low areas near the sea
  - popular recreational locations
  - an essential source of water in the United States
  - at the same elevation, in the same way conductors are at the same potential
  - better fly fished in the cooler water periods in spring and fall
  - bodieses of water
  - cold
* are common in higher glaciated areas
  - on the outwash plain
  - common, especially in glaciated areas
  - complex and dynamic systems with highly individual characteristics
  - crucial for discharging and storing flood water
* are deep and clear, and hold trophy size fish
  - with permanent water, regularly supplied with an inflow of water
  - different from south to north, from weedy to sandy
  - dispersible in vegetable oil and thus can be mixed with fats, etc
  - dry
  - favorable environments for fossilization processes to take place
  - generally larger and deeper than ponds
  - important sources of drinking water, electricity and water for irrigation
  - in blue and marshes in green
  - large bodies of inland water
  - larger and deeper than most ponds
  - like animals in that they are born, grow, then die
* are located in countrysides
  - dead bodies
  - forests
  - mountains
  - parks
  - state parks
  - mostly of glacial origin, small in area but often deep
  - part of the diversity of native habitats in Vermont
  - pigment
  - predominant in the ecoregion
  - rather ephemeral features
  - relatively short-lived features on the geologic time scale
  - skies pieces placed in the Earth
  - small bodies of liquid
  - stations
  - still frozen, but most moving waters are once again running free, either muddied or clear
  - temporary storage areas for water
* are the combination of dyes and insoluble material
  - water insoluble form of the dye
  - therefore a kind of colour that can be solidified
* are used for boating
  - diving
  - fishing
  - fun
  - row boats
  - sailing
  - storing water
  - water skiing
  - very common on the end moraines and some of the outwash plains
  - well suited for a number of types of fishing
  - waterfowls
* become meadows.
* bioaccumulate differently.
* can also be man-made or natural
  - valuable indicators of near- surface groundwater conditions
  - form in volcanic calderas
  - be nearly uniformly round, or they can be irregularly shaped
  - become aged by the over fertilization
  - dry up
  - flood too, given enough rainfall
  - form where landslides dam stream valleys
  - have pond-like areas
  - hold good numbers of redfish during the summer months
  - lose more heat at night and wind can mix up the water layers
  - stretch to thousands of square kilometers in size
  - vary greatly in area, depth, and water type
* cater to boating, sailing, water skiing and wind surfing enthusiasts.
* commonly occupy the depressions created by sinkhole collapse.
* consist of layers that differ in chemical composition, illumination and temperature.
* constantly undergo evolutionary change, reflecting the changes that occur in their watersheds.
* constitute an important component of freshwater resources.
* cover about three percent of Earth's continental area
  - more than a sixth of Uganda
  - much of southwestern Labrador
* differ radically from seas, most notably in their isolation and oxygenation.
* eliminate color bleeding in water systems and disperse easily in high fat systems.
* eventually become extinct because of erosion and sedimentation.
* fill a few volcanic craters and calderas
  - with silt, and chemicals that come with the soil cause algae-related fish kills
* formed by volcanic activity tend to be relatively small.
* get their water from precipitation, from rivers and streams and from underground water.
* go through seasonal water temperature changes.
  - boats and canoes, while river is primarily canoe
  - characteristics that differentiate TMDLs from other waters
  - different meanings to different people
  - energy supplied by wind and density currents
  - fluid
  - slush pockets and there double layer to the ice
  - surfaces
* hold an abundance of life in the water closest to shore
  - even bigger fish
  - good numbers of waterfowl
* includes gaps.
* lie in ice-carved basins.
* look totally different in the dark than they do in the daylight.
* normally have non-salt water.
* obtain a leaden hue.
* occupy depressions in the bedrock created by glacial erosion
  - the glacially scoured depressions in the bedrock
* possess fish
* produce larger fish.
* provide an important source of water for irrigation
  - excellent habitats
* provide fishing and other water recreation
  - for bass, bream, speckled perch, and catfish
  - homes
  - prefer habitats
  - watershed, wildlife habitat, and recreation
* receive nutrients from fertilisers added to pastures to increase their production.
* receiving runoff from silt or clay soils often possess high turbidities.
* represent a wealth of resources whose quality is maintained by human management.
* respond to fertilizer just like a lawn.
  - traps for materials generated within their watersheds
* sometimes change dramatically over just a few years.
* then can freeze over and thaw out several times in one winter.
* tint by dispersion.
* turn into acid.
* typically are clear and have sandy bottoms.
* vary chemically in terms of nutrients, major ions, and contaminants
  - greatly in their properties depending upon their rate of mixing
  - physically in terms of light levels, temperature, and water currents
+ Food coloring, Dyes and lakes: Food ingredients :: Chemistry
  * Lakes are the combination of dyes and insoluble material. Lakes tint by dispersion. Lakes are not oil soluble, but are oil dispersible. Lakes are more stable than dyes and are ideal for coloring products containing fats and oils or items lacking sufficient moisture to dissolve dyes. Typical uses include coated tablets, cake and donut mixes, hard candies and chewing gums, lipsticks, soaps, shampoos, talc etc.
+ Ice, Geographical locations of ice: Chemical compounds :: Water
  * Because ice floats, even large bodies of water that freeze, like some oceans, only form ice on the surface. Most lakes never freeze to the bottom. Even the coldest oceans, like the Arctic, only freeze on the top, leaving liquid ocean circulating below. Because of this the Earth's oceans are able to redistribute heat and the climate of the earth has less extremes of heat and cold than it would otherwise. If ice were to sink instead of float, the oceans would fill up with ice from the bottom, would remain solid and only some of the top would thaw. A solid ocean would not circulate heat. But because ice floats on the surface the water beneath can continue to circulate and the ice on the surface stays exposed and readily melts when the temperature rises.
+ Inflow: Waterways
  * Some lakes are big enough that they can stay full through rain instead of inflows. An example of such a lake is the Great Salt Lake in Utah.