### force | attraction | bond | covalent bond:

Double bond
* are covalent bonds
  - stronger than single bonds and double bonds are also shorter
* make more fluid, cholesterol makes less fluid.
* means two pair of electrons are shared.
* occupy more space than single bonds.
  * are stronger than single bonds and double bonds are also shorter. The bond order is two. Double bonds are also electron-rich, which makes them more reactive.

Family bond
* are important to behavioral development.
* can be so strong under certain circumstances that outside people are irrelevant
  - weaken when members move away

Government bond
* are bonds.
* offer a high degree of safety.
* serve to implement the most important transfer of savings in an economy.

### force | attraction | bond | government bond:

Savings bond
* Savings Bonds make great gifts for birthdays, graduations, weddings, and other holidays.
* are a means to set money aside for the future
  - solid investment backed by stability and security
  - government bonds
  - the single most common investments that young adults have
* earn competitive interest rates that keep up with market conditions.
* work differently than most other means of investment.

H bond
* cause water to want to stick together.
* form when two strands run in opposite directions and twist into a double helix.

### force | attraction | bond:

Hydrogen bond
* All hydrogen bonds face in the same direction.
* Most hydrogen bonds have properties.
* Some hydrogen bonds affect properties
  - require energy
* are chemical bonds.
* can also form between membrane proteins and lipids
  - form between water molecules and amino or hydroxyl groups on other molecules
* form 'bridges' that stabilize large molecules
  - a continuum
* form between areas of unlike charge in polarized bonds
  - bases to make the component strands of DNA into a double helix
  - the backbone oxygens and nitrogens
  - which stabilize the structure
  - with permament dipoles
* make water molecules stick together, a process known as cohesion.
+ Alpha helix: Biochemistry
  * Each section containing one of each of these groups is called a residue, a general term for a small part of a molecule. Each amine group forms a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl group four residues earlier. A prion is a protein that causes disease by changing the shape of another protein. It does this by changing some of the alpha helices, which are more common in normal cells, to beta sheets, which are more common in prions. The alpa helix consits of 3.6 residues per turn. All hydrogen bonds face in the same direction. If two or more alpha helices come together, they become a tertiary structure.

Intermolecular bond
* are the same as intramolecular bonds.
* form between polar solvent and ionic substance molecules.

### force | attraction | bond:

Ionic bond
* Most ionic bonds hold atoms.
* are be stronger in a hydrophilic environment
  - easy
  - formed when atoms become ions by gaining or losing electrons
  - nondirectional
  - really just groups of charged ions held together by electric forces
  - still relatively strong bonds but weaker than covalent bonds
* form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
* happen when electrons are given up by one atom to another.
  - water molecules together
* involve atoms with similar or identical electronegativities.
* is attraction between oppositely charged ions.
* occur when electrons are donated from one atom to another
  - the charges of the electrons attract one another to form a neutral molecule
* predominate type in mineral structures.
* tend to be stable except in water
  - form between elements at the edges

Junk bond
* Most junk bonds are corporate bonds.
* are an important part of the financial food chain
  - highly speculative and risky investments
  - long-term IOUs issued by companies with low credit ratings
* are the lowest-rated corporate bonds
  - riskiest portion of the domestic bond market