### oxide:

Nonmetal oxide
* dissolve in water to form acids.
* react with water to from acidic solutions.

Red lead
* Red Leads come in two basic forms, reddish powder and heavy paste.
* is oxide

### oxide:

Rust
* Many rusts have special alternate hosts for completion of the sexual cycle.
* Some rust affects crops
  - important crops
* Some rust causes death
  - diseases
  - serious diseases
* Some rusts have much shorter life cycles requiring but one host
  - produce up to five different spore forms
* also attack vegetables, cotton, soybeans, flowers , coffee, apple and pine trees.
* are a group of fungi that can complete their life cycle on two or more different hosts
  - type of fungi that use alternate host
  - most severe when water and fertility are less than adequate for good growth
  - obligate intracellular biotrophic pathogens that develop haustoria in the host cells
  - often more severe in shaded areas than sunlit areas
  - one of the most economical damaging pathogens for cereals worldwide
  - pretty interesting and common parasites of many different species of vascular plants
  - usually the most troublesome of the leaf diseases on small grains
* can cause serious infections in wheat and rye fields
  - result in some defoliation, especially when plants are crowded
* causes damage
  - few problems
  - serious damage
* commonly omit one or more spore stages in their life cycle.
* dissolves into the water giving it a brownish color.
* form reddish patches of spores on the host plant.
* forms only on metals that contain iron.
* generally infect healthy, vigorous plants in preference to weak plants.
* is colour
  - corrosion
  - erosion
  - funguses
  - iron oxide
  - orange
  - oxidation
  - plant diseases
  - programming language
* likewise tends to cover metals with protective coatings that slow the process of rusting.
* mites prefer moderate, spring-like temperatures and dry conditions.
* occur at several thousand meters above infected fields and can be carried for miles.
* occurs on tall fescue and is seen more often in later summer on older plants.
* require water to reproduce and infect host plants.
* tends to attract other things, such as dirt, that affect adhesion.
* usually develop during cool weather
  - spend the winter as teliospores, which require a dormant period before germination
* utilize their hosts in many ways, but it is always aggravated by humidity on the leaves.
* weaken plants and lower yield.

### oxide | rust:

Common rust
* is caused by Puccinia sorghi
  - the fungus Puccinia sorghi
  - much more prevalent in the spring and early summer
  - present in some plantings of susceptible sweet corn
  - vivid on the leaves of later varieties
  - what plant pathologists refer to as a polycyclic disease
* occurs when sweet corn is grown near field corn.

Crown rust
* appears as orange leaf pustules and also causes yellowing and death of the leaves.
* causes the field to become yellow or brown in appearance.
* is one of the most destructive of all oat diseases
  - severe on susceptible oat in southern Texas
  - the most devastating disease in oat in the United States
* serious problem in oats.
* world-wide disease on wild and on cultivated species of oat.

Daylily rust
* is caused by the fungus Puccinia hemerocallidis
  - the particular fungal pathogen 'Puccinia hemerocallidis
* new disease to the United States.

Fusiform rust
* affects both the quantity and quality of timber produced per unit area.
* causes spindle-shaped swellings on the stem and branches.
* creates swellings or galls on pine stems and branches.
* damaged trees are highly likely to break at the canker during storms.
* more serious disease and frequently causes tree mortality.