### process:

Evolution
* Describe the evolution of the system that regulates U.S. financial institutions.
* Evolve a species in a race to be the first intelligent species.
* Includes information on evolutionary theory, history, and resources.
* Is a process by which species come to possess genetic adaptations to their environment.
* More evolution can produce two distinct species.
* Most evolution follows evolution
  - happens over spans of time that are hard to comprehend
  - influences ecological outcomes
  - involves natural selections
* Most evolution occurs in fields
  - over time
  - requires reproduction
  - uses energy
* Some evolution contributes to evolution
  - vertebrate evolution
  - depends on ages
* Some evolution occurs in ancestors
  - bacteria
  - results in extinction
* accounts for the diversity of life on Earth
  - unity and diversity of life
* acts as an overriding theme in biology
  - on the genome of organisms at different levels
  - over generations of a population, while natural selection acts on individuals
* affects humans and has made an extremely detrimental mark on human history
  - the psyche
* allegedly proceeds by the death of the unfit as much as by the survival of the fit.
* also mandates that geologic processes on earth have been uniform
  - operates in the normal functioning of organisms
* also results from the accumulation of new information
  - in a greater variety of organisms than existed in previous eras
* alters the species so as to adapt it to the environment in which it resides.
* always goes from smaller animals to larger ones.
* applies on a grand scale to all of life.
* basic scientific concept.
* begins with the inheritance of gene variations.
* belief system that is imposed on the facts
  - with no solid scientific evidence to support it
* believes in quality, style and value in home furnishings.
* belongs more in the realm of philosophy or religion.
* benefits from indirectly acting genes.
* biological application of negentropy
* blind force incapable of conferring a moral imprimatur on human behaviour.
* broad field with extensive primary literature.
* can act only on traits that are passed genetically from one generation to the next.
* can be compatible with all the world's major religions
  - slow in producing populations that are adapted to their environments
  - create systems from genes that are already around for other purposes
* can occur even as individual fitnesses in a population decrease
  - from a period of time
  - only happen in systems which are already self replicating
  - take place without disrupting or stagnating harmony and spirituality
* causes species to change over time.
* central part of contemporary science
  - tenet of biology
* change in a population s gene frequencies over time
  - species over long periods of time
  - allelle frequency with time
* change in the allele frequency of a population
  - gene pool of a population over time
  - over time, or a change in allele frequency
* changes the ecosystem that the species live in.
* claims that early species of giraffes had short necks - some longer than others
  - man arose through a series of random changes
  - plants descended from algae as they colonized the empty landmass
* comes about as result of genetic mutations
  - from the notion that things made themselves
* complete contradiction to the second law of thermodynamics.
* complex subject that has multiple levels of explanation.
* concept from biology that tries to explain how different life-forms change over time.
* conscious process.
* consists of a simple cycle
  - quasi-scientific speculation
* constant emergence of higher and higher levels of cybernetic control
  - phenomenon
* continual process.
* continues to take place within native ecosystems, but only gradually over many centuries.
* contributes to create an abundant world like today
  - success
* core theme of biology.
* creates values such as human love.
* creative process akin to other creative processes
* cycle that s infinitely compassionate.
* deals with what happened to life on Earth once it began.
* defies the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
* demands an ordering of matter from spontaneous generation.
* depends largely on the idea of natural selection
  - on the fact that no two living things are quite alike
* depends upon genetic variation
  - mutations that produce genes with new, useful genetic information
  - the idea that a land mammal evolved into a porpoise, complete with sonar
* describes changes in inherited traits of populations through successive generations
  - that occur within a species
* determines the quantity and placement of sensors.
* does explain some things about our human nature
  - seem to explain some things about about our human nature
* drives life toward increasingly varied and complex forms
* elevates the workers to the greatest possible degree.
* emphasizes the common relation of all living things.
* equals growth, unfolding, flowering.
* explains WHY apes and humans look similar.
* explains the millions of varieties of organisms on Earth
  - origin of life and scientific fact
* explores theories.
* fact and a theory
  - of life just as fundamental, unavoidable, and well-documented as gravity
  - reasonably established by science
* fact, Darwinists say, in that they know that evolution has occurred
  - like digestion
* fairy tale for self-righteous people who like to justify their sins.
* favors animals that reproduce the most
  - traits that allow one individual to outcompete another for mates
* fideistic religion that ignores the evidence.
* fundamental scientific theory.
* generally adjusts the timing of avian breeding seasons to produce the most young
  - occurs at a scale far too slow to be witnessed by humans
  - results in lineage splitting
* gradual process of development or change.
* gradual, continuous process.
* happens all over the world
  - by mutations
  - to individuals
* has a way of keeping things alive
  - explain variation
* has no answer to the extinction of the dinosaurs
  - claim whatsoever to being a science
  - more to do with science than beer has to do with sports
* has nothing to do with cosmology or the so-called creation of the universe
  - perfection, or energy efficiency, or any kind of optimization
  - the formation of the universe
  - several explanations for our mortality
  - to do with change
* help species to survive and pass on their generation.
* holds that for most any species the violent males tend to survive to pass on their genes.
* implies progressive creation of things without any divine role.
* increases complexity.
* involves change.
* involves changes in the gene pool
  - genetic makeup of a population over time
  - individuals changing in order to adapt to their environment
  - lower life forms, starting with single-celled organisms
  - populations, sub-species and species
  - slow saving-up favorable mutation in genes
  - things happening 'by themselves'
* is Real As to evolution, evolution is science.
* is about adapting for survival in a changing environment
  - the development of living things over time
  - what happens after things are
  - adaptation to local circumstances
* is all about changes that species have to go through to adapt to an environment
  - diversity, organization, systems and success
  - forming, changes, and staying alive and living in different areas
  - things happening 'by themselves', with no intelligent input
* is also a foundation upon which virtually all modern biology rests
  - number of theories which seek to explain how evolution takes place
  - intent on making all of humanity economically successful
* is an accepted scientific theory
  - active process that is observed today
  - alchemical process
  - exclusive faith that defends itself by excluding all others
  - explanation of a wide set of observations and data
  - idea in biology
  - illogical theory
  - improvement in quality according to some metric
  - increase in unified reality
  - irreversible phenomenon
  - iteration between diversification and selection
  - objective science and is structured, like all knowledge, inside experience
  - observational fact of nature
  - ongoing process that is still happening today
  - opportunistic process, neither progressive nor guided by any particular goal
  - orderly change from one form to another
  - associated with changes in chromosome structure and number
  - based mostly on observations and evidence
* is based on a theory
  - faith just as much as creation is
  - genetic change through mutations over time
  - man s ideas contrary to what the Bible teaches
* is based on the idea of continual, accidental upward development
  - premise that time plus dead matter plus chance formed all living things
  - scientific method
  - uniformitarian philosophy
* is basically a continuing growth through learning in many forms
  - religious philosophy
* is both a pattern and a process
  - an observed fact as well as an idea or hypothesis
  - fact and theory
  - science and religion
* is caused by changes in gene frequencies over time
  - only by natural selection
  - central to understanding all aspects of biology
* is change in biological populations over generations
  - composition of a population, or descent with modification
  - genetic make up of a population or species over time
  - of Levels
  - outward and upward, entropy is change inward and downward
  - through time
  - with continuity
  - changes in genotypic frequencies in a population due to selection
  - complement to humanism
  - concerned mainly with common ancestry and the mechanisms of speciation and adaptation
* is concerned with explaining how organisms adapt and how organismal diversity arises
* is considered at the molecular, individual, population, and higher levels
  - to be a scientific fact
  - demoted from science to theory and creationism is elevated from theory to science
  - dependent on two forces
  - descent with modification through time
  - destiny, but destiny can be shaped by human science
* is driven by cooperation and competition in ecosystems
  - low-probability random events
  - faster for birds and mammals than for the cold blooded amphibians, fish and reptiles
  - fueled by extinction
* is fundamental in the scientific discussion of life on earth and of the earth itself
  - to biology and geology, and of primary importance to many other sciences
  - identified as being the central unifying role in the biological sciences
  - impossible by all laws of physics, chemistry and mathematics
  - influenced by the differential survival and reproduction of phenotypes
* is just a theory that some scientists believe
  - one aspect of science that has been used to defend racist ideas
  - like other major scientific theories
  - likely to have molded any and all behaviors that conferred survival value
  - many orders of magnitude ahead of mankind today in creating a complex system
  - merely an observed process in nature
  - mosaic in character, proceeding at different rates in different structures
  - most apparent in places like the Galapagos, where the environment is stripped bare
  - mutation of a population over a period of time, mostly both genetically and physically
  - mythology
  - nature making the female of the species desirable by the male
  - nature's way of solving problems
  - no longer explainable through organisms themselves
  - non-scientific ecclesiasticism
  - nothing but a religion called atheism
  - often a compromise between natural selection and sexual selection
* is one of the fundamental and unifying concepts of biology
  - great unifying theories of biology
* is one of the greatest hoaxes ever perpetrated against mankind
  - scientific discoveries of all time
  - important features of biological systems but is excluded from cybernetics
  - most important organizing principles in biology
  - unifying concepts of modern biology
  - universal laws
  - only one of several theories invented to explain the phenomena of created things
  - part and parcel of a scientific understanding of the world
  - perpetuated by the appearance of empiricism and masquerades as science
  - possible without natural selection
  - powered by chemistry
  - primarily concerned with the origin of humans
  - punctuated equilibrium, it flourishes when new boundary conditions are imposed
  - put forth by science as a fact
  - rife with examples of both loss and parallel evolution
  - salvation by man's own works and progress
  - science fiction
  - science, and as such belongs in science classrooms
  - seen as something that happened in the past
* is simply a change in frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population
  - gene frequency in a population
  - scientific understanding of our origins
  - change exerted by evolutionary pressures
  - software
  - solely a biological mechanism
* is something that is easily understood by youth today
  - which happens to individual organisms
  - split into two parts, micro evolution, and macro evolution
* is still evolution even if it has been hastened by an intelligent species
  - the theory that explains the existence of species with the least assumptions
  - subject to the mathematical laws of physics
  - supported by literally millions of tons of fossils
* is supposed to be a process of change
  - have begun when prokaryotes evolved out of the primeval soup
* is the 'weeding' out of inefective genes over hundreds of thousands of years
  - accumulation of changes in the heritable characteristics of a population
  - act of a development of an organic species
  - adaptation an animal makes to survive in it's environment
  - adaptive response of a group of organisms that occurs over many generations
  - backbone of our biological understanding
  - belief that one species becomes another
* is the best explanation for both the fossil record and the extant diversity of life
  - scientific explanation of our origins
  - theory to explain the fossil record
  - binding force of all biological research
* is the central concept in biology
  - idea of all biology
* is the central organizing principle of biology, understood as descent with modification
  - that biologists use to understand the world
  - theory of biology
  - theme of the study of biology
  - unifying concept of biology
* is the change in a population and species in a certain amount of time
  - gene frequency in a population over many generations
  - genetic characteristics of a population over time
  - population short period of time
  - populations bringing the birth of new species
* is the change in the genetic composition of a population during a period of time
  - composition of a population during successive generations
  - structure of a population over time
* is the change of a population or community through time
  - allele frequency over time
  - organisms over time
  - over time of inherited traits found in a population of individuals
  - that characterizes populations through successive generations
  - changing of population or species over a period of time
* is the concept that connects all other fields of biological study
  - makes biology unique
  - species change through time
  - continuous progressive unfoldment of power within our own consciousness
  - cornerstone of modern biology
  - creation of a more complex lifeform from less complex lifeforms
  - cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population
  - defining property and the organizing process of life
  - essential nature of existence
  - eternal play of creative possibilities manifesting in time
  - explanation that threads it all together
  - fanning process which is to accomplish that end
* is the gradual accumulation of adaptions over time
  - change of an organisms over time
  - great shaper of all life on earth
* is the history of changing forms, organic or inorganic, as affected by unchanging laws
  - the progression of the spirit in time
* is the idea that animals and plants change as their environments change
  - living things have changed over time
  - says living things change over time as their environments change
  - integration of all biological and historical geological knowledge
  - law of life, and there is no evolution except towards individualism
  - light by which everything else in biology makes sense
  - linchpin of secular humanism
  - main key behind modern biological research
  - measure of truth
  - mechanism of creation
* is the most heavily tested theory in science
  - powerful and elegant theory in biology
  - movement of the horizontal to upright positiveness
  - natural governing principle of the biological sciences
  - one unifying theory of modern biology
  - only explanation for the origin of life accepted by intelligent people
  - process by which inferior species are replaced by superior species
* is the process by which life and biodiversity developed
  - changes over time
  - modern organisms have descended from ancient ancestors
  - one species changes into another species
  - in which single cells within the population going from simple to complex
* is the process of accidental engineering
  - how organisms acquire adaptations over time
  - when a life form becomes more complex and advance
  - which results in the development of new species from previous forms
  - product of variation and selection
  - progression of a population according to their environment
  - purpose that explains all the seeming imperfections
  - religion to which they are committed
* is the result of conscious struggle
  - genetic changes that occur in constantly changing environments
  - interactions between organisms and the environment
  - natural selection acting upon variation within a population
  - the development of ideas in mind
  - resulting change in the species or allele frequency with time
  - simply the process of stepwise change
  - single most important concept in biology
  - sole feature that differentiates living matter from non-living matter
* is the study of animals that has surrounding the earth for many centuries
  - how living things change over time
  - living things with time
  - systematic and progressive development of life toward perfection
  - teaching that everything came out of nothing
  - tendency of all natural forms to seek highest form and highest function
* is the theory in biology that says that animals change over time
  - of how one form of life changes into another form
* is the theory that all life evolved from common ancestors
  - everything made itself, and that no creator was necessary
  - explains how life has changed through time
  - is falling apart
  - unified field theory of biology
* is the unifying principle in science
  - theory of all the life sciences
  - therefore essential to naturalism in the same way creation is to theism
  - thus slow and governed largely by chance mutation
  - tied to uniformitarianism and creationism is tied to catastrophism
  - to social scientists as statues are to birds
  - totally independent of the theory of evolution
  - tree-like as lineages split and extinction occurs
  - true, the earth is billions of years old
  - unpredictable and arbitrary, while science is systematic-based on a preexisting system
  - used for stabilization and minor adaptations
* is what a persistent world is all about
  - changes everything
  - keeps scientists guessing of what coming next
  - when creatures or living things become more complex as times passes
* just means adaptation to fit into a particular environment.
* keeps the war waging between predator and prey.
* lies exposed in the imperfections that record a history of descent.
* logical necessity for all atheist religions.
* mainly works by natural selection.
* maintains that the world came into being and managed to be able to support life by chance.
* major and important part of biology and has been extremely well-tested and supported
  - unifying concept in virtually all areas of biology
* makes improvement.
* matter of interactivity between organism and environment.
* means change in living things over long periods of time
  - construction of new genes
  - populations of organisms change over time
  - simply that life changes over time
* means that life has a history, and drawing the tree of life has been a central enterprise
  - organisms are slowly changing
  - the gradual or sudden change of animals through successive generations
* metaphysical theory to account for the facts.
* method of survival through adaptation.
* molds life to respond to recurring situations.
* moves into ages
  - middle ages
* mutation in cells who proves to be desirable and increases among the population.
* natural process, so it can be modeled as an automaton
  - response to environmental influences
  - state
* needs organisms to mutate regularly in order for a species to evolve.
* non- equilibrium process.
* now comes into question as it relates to the origin of species.
* occupies a central position in the biological sciences.
* occurs as a result of changes in the allele frequency of a population
  - changes accumulate over generations
  - some genetic variations become common in populations, and others become rare
  - species change through time, sometimes splitting into two species
  - at the level of the population
  - because individuals can evolve
* occurs because of natural selection
  - three forces
* occurs by changing the states of individual cells
  - different things such as rays, mutation, and lots of other things
  - gradual changes in a population
* occurs by natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift
  - gradually over time
  - populations or species
  - response to a change in the
  - two ways, mutation and natural selection
  - on the physical, mental, and spiritual planes
  - only in individuals
  - through a process of 'natural selection'
* occurs when children mature into adults
  - natural selection works on genetic variation
  - organizations are able to live in a constant state of transformation
* occurs whenever a population of individuals changes over time
  - different genes can result in different rates of reproductive success
* offers advantage
  - man freedom by denying that guilt exists
* often proceeds from complex to simpler organisms
  - produces more complex organisms by repeating modules
* only concerns the traits which can be inherited', wholly or partly.
* only describes how life changed after it started
  - living stuff develops once it's already alive
  - occurs when there change in gene frequency within a population over time
  - works on a level of what makes the individual produce more breeding individuals
* operates at the level of the species
  - strictly on the individual organism
* permeates history, law, art, music, and sadly theology.
* pervasive idea that is found everywhere.
* philosophy based on naturalism and materialism
  - which affects all areas of life
* phony religion.
* physical process
* plays a big role in biology
  - central, unifying role in our understanding of nature
* population phenomenon and is best understood in terms of the genetics of populations.
* postulates man and all life began as a single cell.
* powerful driving force in the shaping of a lifeform, but it works very slowly.
* predictable change from simple to complex organisms.
* predicts the spread of traits that enhances the spread of our genes.
* presents theories
  - various theories
* principle of nature.
* proceeds by selection between individuals and between groups
  - more rapidly in the sexual population
  - primarily through the introduction of random mutations in offspring
  - rapidly, stimulated by climatic and environmental change
  - through both natural genetic variation and chance mutations
  - unceasingly in all biological populations
  - via natural selection acting on the environment
  - with gradual changes in populations
* process able to generate diverse and complex functionality
  - for the organisms within a population to change because the environment
* process of change over time and is accomplished by natural selection
* process that is massively parallel
  - occurs in the heritable characteristics of a population over time
  - results from the interplay between organisms and environment
  - works on chromosomes instead of the living beings they represent
  - which involved the origin of life
  - whose god is time
* produces changes in a population
  - the strongest organism when the organism is in absolute misery
* promotes racism.
* property of living organic material and are inseparable.
* provides an scientific origin for the the universe
* provides the conceptual backbone of zoology
  - intellectual foundation for naturalism
* race, a relay race, with the baton passed from generation to generation.
* random process, driven by the environment in which an organism exists.
* random, non-directional process.
* reduces the value of human purpose to the passing on of one's genes.
* refers to descent with modification
  - effects of selection over generations of individuals
  - gradual changes over time in a population of organisms
  - temporal changes in the genetic structure of a population of any source or kind
* refers to the cumulative changes in a population or species through time
  - fabrication and development of life on earth
* reinforces the body's urge to eat the things it needs to survive.
* relies on random chance acts to cause mutations.
* religion of science that is more difficult to prove than the events of creation
  - pure and simple
* religious tenet.
* replaces the value of moral behavior with the concept of survival of the fittest.
* requires assessments.
* requires genetic change and environmental factors, driven by selection
  - information and complexity to arise and keep increasing over millions of years
  - inheritance, mutation, and selection
* requires that new life forms arise from mutations
  - struggle and death are necessary antecedents of man
* requires the strongest to survive and the weaker to be killed or die off
  - transition from one kind to another to be gradual
  - thousands of genes
  - variation of inherited traits within a population
* response to environmental challenges and opportunities.
* results from selection acting upon genetic variation within a population.
* s most significant mechanism is natural selection.
* says that all creatures are products of a primordial soup plus time plus chance
  - happened by random chance
  - life forms evolved from the first life
  - death has always been a part of nature
  - everything evolved over thousands of millions of years
  - the human race evolved from other species
  - there was man before there was death
* scientific theory studied from a scientific viewpoint
  - used by biologists
  - with a metaphysical component
* search algorithm to find higher and higher positions on the fitness landscape.
* seems to have distributed a standard kit of two genes to a variety of unrelated bacteria
  - the physical evidence, with bones, fossils and artifacts
  - predispose individuals to selfishness
* selects all life-forms for efficiency, and humans are no exception.
* sequence of variation and selection.
* shapes an organism to best fit into that template.
* shows characteristics
  - similar characteristics
  - the unity of all life forms
* simply explains a pattern of change of a species over a period of time
  - means that living organisms have changed through time
  - refers to genetic change within a population over time
* slow process involving random mutations.
* slows down once molecules near perfection.
* sometimes refers to a philosophy of nature, especially in popular literature.
* speaks of the gradual development of man.
* start with living single cell organisms.
* states that life arose from nonlife.
* still happens today, and it's still driven by natural selection.
* structure of organized change which is itself undergoing change and reorganization.
* supports forces.
* takes a long period of time
  - long time
* takes place from one generation to the next
  - in the post global warming period
  - only when a corresponding change in the subjective life is accomplished
  - simply to ensure better survival in the current habitat
  - tens of thousands of years
  - time and smaller organisms tend to have a faster offspring turnover rate
  - years and years
* teaches all morality is merely a long development from animal instincts.
* teaches that birds evolved from fish, hundreds of millions of years later
  - change takes millions of years
  - everything came into existence by accident
  - life increases in complexity, and therefore defies the second law
  - mammals evolved from reptiles
* teaches that man evolved from life forms that developed in the ocean
  - has no naturally fixed position in any organized hierarchy of species
  - is progressing and has been since the first man
  - mere animal, made in the image of ape, at best
  - new organs developed gradually over a period of time
  - our lives are controlled by the impersonal forces of accident and chance
  - the miraculous and the supernatural are impossible
  - the survival of the fittest
* tends to attain similar ends by different means.
* theory and a fact
  - entirely without a believable mechanism
  - in the same sense that gravity theory
* theory that different species have evolved over time from a common ancestor
  - life evolves from simple to the more complex forms
  - states that man came from the monkeys
  - was derived from facts
  - which applies only to biological examples of design
  - without a mechanism
* theory, repeatedly tested and supported by the evidence.
* tightly coupled dance, with life and the material environment as partners.
* tries to explain how species change over time.
* typically takes a few million years to alter species dramatically.
* underpins all biology, affecting our health, our food supply, the very web of life.
* unifying concept in biology.
  - misery and death to sort it all out
* usually extends over several human lifetimes, often over millions of years or more
  - takes place over millions of years
* very slow and tedious process that nature has used for billions of years.
* violates the second law of thermodynamics.
* works by chance
  - culling the weak and preserving the strong
  - natural selection, which implies extermination of competing varieties
  - slowly sculpting the early embryonic clay of an organism
+ Evolution, Darwin's theory, Natural selection
  * Evolution mainly works by natural selection. Animals and plants which are best suited to their environment will, on average, survive better. There is a struggle for existence. Those who survive will produce the next generation. Their genes will be passed on, and the genes of those who did not reproduce will not. This is the basic mechanism which changes a population and causes evolution
  - Variation: History of science
  * Evolution only concerns the traits which can be inherited', wholly or partly. The hereditary traits are passed on from one generation to the next through the genes. A person's genes contain all the traits which they inherit from their parents. The accidents of life are not passed on
+ Evolution, Responses to the idea of evolution, Debates about the fact of evolution
  * The idea that all life evolved had been proposed before Charles Darwin published 'On the Origin of species'. Even today, some people still discuss the concept of evolution and what it means to them, their philosophy and their religion. Evolution does seem to explain some things about about our human nature. Ten theories of human nature'. 5th ed, Oxford University Press. Darwinian theories of human nature. People also talk about the social implications of evolution
  - evolution, Using evolution for other purposes, Racism
  * Some people have tried to use evolution to support racism. People wanting to justify racism claimed that certain groups, such as black people, were inferior. In nature, some animals do 'survive' better than others, and it does lead to animals better adapted to their circumstances. With humans groups from different parts of the world, all evolution can say is that each group is probably well suited to its original situation. Evolution makes no judgements about better or worse. It does 'not' say that any human group is superior to any other
+ Lamarckism
  * Evolution tries to explain how species change over time. Today, the only widely accepted theory of evolution is that developed from the ideas of Charles Darwin.
+ Social Darwinism: Evolutionary biology
  * Charles Darwin was one of the main discoverers of evolution. Evolution is a concept from biology that tries to explain how different life-forms change over time. It basically says that because most children are not exactly like their parents, there is change. These features will mean that some children are better adapted to the place where they live. They will therefore be better able to have offspring. Some of the offspring might also have the trait of their parents.