### permissive statute:

Federal law
* Many federal laws deal with water quality.
* Some federal laws define marriages.
* allow youth to use firearms under direct supervision of a legal gun owner.
* allows an employer to provide, as a non-taxable benefit, health insurance for a spouse
  - capital punishment for the murder of a witness
  - local authorities to decide whether to participate in daylight-saving time
  - states to adopt and enforce their own emissions standards
* applies to all federal and Indian lands.
* ban possessing, selling or distributing marijuana.
* bans flammable products intended for use by children
  - smoking in public places
* bars people under restraining orders from buying guns
  - the buying and selling of human organs and tissues
* controls bankruptcy filings, applicable law and procedures.
* defines the coastline as the line of ordinary low water.
* dictates pension rights of spouses.
* discriminates against sellers of crack cocaine, who tend to be black.
* ensure that new cars have horns, brakes, and headlights.
* forbids discrimination against people with disabilities in group homes
  - the illegal possession of and trafficking in controlled substance
* govern the airwaves
  - draining and filling of wetlands
  - duplication of copyrighted materials
* has a limited impact on transactions for the sale of goods.
* helps to describe what the court can do, and how it works.
* impose legal responsibility on polluters.
* is an overlay on state law.
* limits most adults to five years of benefits in a lifetime
  - the sulfur content of fuels used in on-road vehicles to control air pollution
* makes it illegal to buy and sell human body parts.
* mandate programs to meet the educational needs of kids with disabilities.
* mandates that all hazardous materials and chemicals are properly labeled
  - the public be protected from hazardous products
* oversees state criminal law and family law in a variety of contexts.
* permissive statute.
* permits states to cover some, none, or all smoking cessation drugs.
* preempts state and local laws in regulating controlled substances.
* prohibit employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of religion.
* prohibit the dispensing of most drugs today without a prescription
  - import and export of eagle feathers
* prohibits any workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation
  - commerce both of endangered species and of marine mammals
* prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex, national origin, age, disability
  - sex, age, disability, and national origin
  - because of physical disabilities
  - in institutions of higher education
  - on the basis of race or gender
  - employers from using video cameras to monitor union meetings
  - exchange of child pornography on the Internet
  - harassment of any marine mammal
  - juveniles from possessing handguns
  - many forms of discrimination
  - movers from carrying flammable or hazardous materials
  - ownership of grenades, machine guns and silencers without federal licensing
  - people from giving someone the leftover medications of another patient
  - possession of a gun by anyone subject to a protection order
  - private citizens from negotiating with foreign governments
  - research on embryos
  - sexual harassment based on sexual orientation
  - shipping alcoholic beverages by mail within the United States
  - taxpayer-funded research involving human embryos
* prohibits the driver's side mirror from being anything other than flat
  - execution of juvenile offenders charged with federal crimes
  - hiring or employment of illegal aliens
* prohibits the killing of migrating birds, even car-eating vultures
  - non-game migratory birds
* prohibits the sale of human organs
  - trafficking of anything that disgusting over the Internet
  - use of code numbers, code names, trade names and initials
* prohibits the use of government offices for political fund raising
  - resources for politics
  - the Internet for sports betting
* protect archaeological and historic sites on public lands.
* protects Internet service providers from liability for material posted on Web sites.
* protects all natural and cultural resources
  - other birds
* protects the privacy of individuals with disabilities
  - users of wire and electronic communications
* provides freedom of association for employers and employees.
* recognizes social work as one of the four core mental health professions.
* regulates minors working in agriculture
  - the confidentiality and accessibility of student records
* relating to minors require confidentiality of records relating to abused children.
* require that any worker be paid at least the minimum wage per hour of employment.
* requires Congressional districts to be somewhat equal in population.
* requires all children under seven years old to wear a lifejacket
  - sex offenders to register with police when they get out of jail
  - each state to have a child support program
  - employers to withhold social security tax from wages paid to an employee
  - food to be chemical free
  - hospitals to care for patients who come to emergency rooms
  - states to negotiate agreements with tribes to set rules and limits on gambling
  - taxation of income
* requires that all irradiated foods be labeled as such
  - most gasoline in California contain oxygenates
  - products with hazardous ingredients be labeled
  - schools strive to provide equal athletic opportunities for men and women
  - the merchant marine to adhere to a number of international conventions
* requires universities to report crime statistics
  - the incidence of hate crimes on their campuses
  - utilities to monitor and test drinking water and disclose results to consumers
* sets out the structure of the judiciary.
* treats dietary supplements differently from drugs.
+ Bundesverfassungsgericht, Competence
  * Federal law helps to describe what the court can do, and how it works. The court can decide that acts of all three branches are not allowed by the constitution and prevent them from happening.
+ Courts of Germany, Protection, Protection of courts from the government