### protein:

Cytokine
* Many cytokines are under study, to determine their effect on the immune system.
* Most cytokines induce production.
* Most cytokines promote antibody production
  - stimulate differentiations
* Some cytokines act on bone marrow
  - receptors
  - affect behaviour
* Some cytokines are known to activate macrophages
  - produced by mothers
* Some cytokines can have different effects
* Some cytokines induce inflammatory responses
  - inhibit growth
* Some cytokines promote differentiations
  - osteoclast differentiations
  - result in death
  - suppress inflammation, while others promote it
* act on other cells by bonding to cytokine receptors on the surface of cells.
* affect the nervous system both directly and indirectly.
* also have an effect on other systems as well
  - help cells communicate with each other
* are a family of signalling molecules with a pivotal role in cell-cell interactions
  - small proteins that mediate an organism's response to injury or infection
  - group of proteins which serve an important role in intercellular signaling
  - large and diverse group of molecules which mediate interactions between cells
  - major area of investigation
  - signalling mechanisms that cells use to communicate with each other
  - also highly antiviral and anti-tumorous
* are another class of chemicals that regulate tumor growth
  - promising area of research into immune restoration
  - basic regulators of all neutrophil functions
  - basically small proteins on the cell surface involved in cell signalling
  - biochemical messengers that energize dermal action
* are chemical messengers that activate the immune system
  - play a role in the immune system
* are chemical substances that are secreted by lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages
  - trigger and regulate immune response
  - chemicals that the immune system uses to communicate between cells
  - compounds that resemble hormones, and normally foster communication between cells
  - crucial to an organism's self-defense
  - effective over a short range
  - hormone-like proteins that are produced locally in the udder in very low levels
  - important in the diagnosis of septicaemia
* are important mediators of acute inflammatory lung injury
  - pulmonary inflammation
  - soluble mediators of immune function
  - in use as anti-cancer drugs
  - medicines which regulate or modify the growth of specific cells
* are natural cellular substances, which signal cells to perform specific functions
  - proteins made by all cells, both normal and malignant
  - peptides
  - potentially toxic molecules and can even be lethal
* are protein hormones that function as growth factors and regulators of cellular responses
  - molecules released by cells in response to activation or injury
* are proteins produced by immune cells affect the behavior of other cells
  - one cell that influence the behavior of other cells
  - the immune system to facilitate communication between cells
* are proteins that act as regulators in immune function, metabolism and sleep
  - to orchestrate signals between immune cells
  - are known to stimulate the immune system
  - carry messages between cells and regulate immunity and inflammation
  - produce inflammation to help the body fight infections
* are small hormnone like polypeptides
  - molecules which carry local messages between cells
  - proteins that facilitate everything from wound healing to killing tumors
* are soluble mediators, produced by leukocytes that regulate interactions between cells
  - proteins produced by nucleated cells throughout the body
  - substances produced by some immune system cells to communicate with other cells
  - the proteins that cells use to signal from one to another
  - very important in fighting infection or inflammation
* attract to the scene large numbers of other phagocytes known as neutrophils.
* bind with target cells bearing specific cytokine receptors.
* can be both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive
  - make old skin , new again
* cause cell death through an excess production of oxidizing agents and nitric oxide
  - the body s temperature to elevate by resetting the brain s thermostat
* changes after a marathon race.
* damage the blood-brain barrier causing efflux of fluid, humoral factors, and cells.
* even influence the brain and the nervous system.
* finally induce the production of the prostaglandins that result in delivery.
* includes atoms.
* includes chemical chain
  - groups
* induce deoxyribonucleic acid strand breaks and apoptosis in human pancreatic islet cells
* modulate the numerous immune functions.
* normally play an important role in the immune system by causing inflammation.
* operate by transmitting signals between cells in an organism.
* play a fundamental role in adhesion molecule expression
  - an important role in allograft rejection
  - important roles as autocrine and paracrine regulators
* rally white blood cells called macrophages to devour and destroy the parasites.
* regulate endotoxin stimulation of endothelial cell arginine transport
  - immune responses
* regulate the cellular phenotype of developing neural lineage species
  - intensity and duration of immune responses
* regulates the expression of adhesion molecules.
* signal through tyrosine phosphorylation of a family of related transcription factor
  - to other immune cells that there foreign antigen present
* stimulate cellular release of specific compounds involved in the inflammatory response
* work by signal transduction
  - through receptors and kinases to help provide regulation of many cellular processes
+ Lymphocyte, Types, T and B cells: Cell biology :: Immunology :: Blood cells
  * Some T cells, called T helper cells, produce cytokines that direct the immune response. Cytokines signal to other immune cells that there is a foreign antigen present. Other T cells, called cytotoxic T cells, produce toxic granules which cause the death of infected cells.
+ Monocyte, Physiology: Immunology :: Blood cells
  * Monocytes and their macrophage and dendritic cell progeny serve three main functions in the immune system. These are phagocytosis, antigen presentation and cytokine production. Cytokines are small molecules which carry local messages between cells.
  * Cytokines work by signal transduction. Each cytokine has a matching cell-surface receptor. Then cascades of signals inside the cell changes cell functions. This may include the regulation of several genes, the production of other cytokines, or an increase in surface receptors for other molecules.