### body part | tubule | microtubule:

Spindle microtubule
* elongate by the adding tubulin subunits at one end.
* form from the centrosomes, which have moved to the poles.
* grow from structures within the cytoplasm called centrosomes.

### body part | tubule:

Nephron
* All nephrons have their renal corpuscles in the cortex.
* Most nephrons are part of kidneys.
* Most nephrons consist of blood vessels
  - glomeruluses
* Most nephrons have bowman capsules
  - produce urine
* Some nephrons carry urine.
* Some nephrons connect proximal tubules
  - conserve water
* Some nephrons consist of capillaries
* Some nephrons have tubules
  - urinary tubules
* Some nephrons secrete harmful substances
  - such substances
  - responsible for cleansing the blood of unwanted substances and for urine formation
* are the microscopic basic filtration units of the kidney
  - filters inside the kidneys that cleanse the blood
  - structural units of the kidney that filter blood
  - tiny structures that remove wastes from blood and produce urine
* carry out an important process of urine formation in the kidney.
* collect much more water than is sent as waste.
  - vascular and tubular components
* includes corpi
* play different roles depending on their location in the kidney.

Seminiferous tubule
* are part of the male gonad or testes
  - the tightly coiled tubules of the testes in which sperm are produced
* open into the short tubuli recti , which empty into the rete testis.

### body part:

Vacuole
* Most vacuoles contain chlorophyll
  - digestive enzymes
  - food particles
  - digest food
* Some vacuoles coalesce and form large cysts.
* Some vacuoles contain acid
  - electron dense precipitate and tend to fuse
  - eliminate water
* Some vacuoles expel excess water
  - fill with glycogen
* Some vacuoles fuse with lysosomes
  - membranes
  - plasma membranes
  - have specialized functions, and plant cells can have more than one type of vacuole
* act as containers
  - like storage tanks
* also regulate the water content of certain one-celled animals.
* are also important in regulating water balance within the cell
  - bubbles that float in the cell
  - cavities
  - formed during endocytosis when portions of the cell membrane are pinched off
* are found in both plant and animal cells
  - the cells of plants, protists, and some primitive animals
  - large sacs that store food and other materials in the cell
* are large, liquid-filled organelles found only in plant cells
  - round, water-filled sacs floating in the cytoplasm
  - larger in animal cells than in plant cells
  - membrane bound sacs with little or no internal structure
  - more important to plant cells than they are to animal cells
* are part of cells
  - regenerated in mature spores
  - spaces in the cytoplasm that usually contain gases, solids, or liquids
* are storage areas that contain nutrients, water, etc. for the cell's later use
  - bins that a cell digs into when what is inside is needed
  - bodies for water, minerals, etc. and can be quite large in plant cells
  - bubbles found in cells
* are the lysosome functional equivalent in plant cells
  - storage areas of cells
  - used for storage
  - vesicles
* basically regulate buoyancy.
* can also serve as storage compartments for nutrients and metabolites
  - store waste products
  - digest macromolecules and store both waste products and nutrients
* develop by a gradual accumulation of fat droplets.
* drift through the cytoplasm and usually carry food molecules in solution.
* have the simple structure of a sac, a single membrane surrounding solid or liquid contents.
* seen in some cells represent dissolved lipid droplets.
* store food and other materials needed by the cell.
* take on specific functions with a paramecium cell.
* usually account for changes in cell size when the cytoplasmic volume stays constant.