### animal | vertebrate | amphibian | toad:

Spadefoot
* All spadefoots have a cornified black wedge on the hind foot.
* are frogs
  - very secretive, spending most of their time hiding in burrows
* do remain underground in shallow burrows for weeks during dry periods.
* spend most of their lives buried in mud or sand.

### animal | vertebrate | amphibian | toad:

Spadefoot toad
* have hard, horn-like growths on their hind feet.
* inhabit the dry grasslands of western North Dakota which have sandy or loose soil.
* live in dry areas
  - throughout much of the United States
* make crying sounds during a rainstorm.
* spend nine months of every year underground.
+ Anura, Habitats: Frogs
  * Tailed frogs looks similar to toads because of their hard skin. They are the only frogs with this organ. Stebbins, Robert. 2003. The genus 'Eleutherodactylus' are terrestrial frogs. This means that they lay eggs on land. Spadefoot toads make crying sounds during a rainstorm.

### animal | vertebrate | amphibian | toad:

Tree frog
* All tree frogs are carnivores.
* Many tree frogs can change their colour for better camouflage.
* Most tree frogs are smaller than bull frogs and green frogs
  - can change color in order to blend with their surroundings
  - find shelter in the trees
* Most tree frogs have chemicals
  - pupils
  - slit pupils
  - toes
  - vertical slit pupils
* Most tree frogs produce substances
  - waxy substances
* Most tree frogs survive in habitats
  - natural habitats
* Some tree frogs have disks
  - large toe pads
  - sticky pads
  - possess adhesive discs
  - produce acid
  - show adaptive responses
  - survive for months
* are easy to hear but hard to see
  - important to the ecosystem
  - located in forests
  - very sensitive to changes of the environment
* begin as tadpoles in little ponds or even in leaves full of water.
* can climb straight up non-cracked wall
  - up a pane of glass
* catch insects
  - prey
* come in a variety of colors.
* reduce surface area by selecting a shaded site and tucking limbs close to the body.
* stay in trees, And they try to catch the bees.
* stop calling for mates in brightly-lit areas.
* use water.

### animal | vertebrate | amphibian | toad:

True frog
* are amphibians
  - relatively large with long legs and webbed hind feet
  - semi-aquatic frogs
* have powerful hind legs with extensive webbing on their back feet for swimming.
+ Ranidae: Frogs
  * The 'true frogs' or 'Ranidae' can be found in most countries except Antarctica. The true frogs can be found in North America, northern South America, Europe, Asia, Madagascar, Africa, East Indies, New Guinea, and Australia. The bullfrog is the largest true frog in North America. Usually, true frogs are smooth, moist-skinned frogs, with large, powerful legs and have webbed feet. True frogs are semi-aquatic frogs. They live near water.

True toad
* Most true toads have a broader, flatter body and darker, drier skin than do most true frogs.
* have poison parotoid glands that can paralyze or even kill dogs.
+ Anura, Species: Frogs
  * The marine toads are the only toads which live in Australia, where they were introduced by people. True toads have poison parotoid glands that can paralyze or even kill dogs. However, some other animals eat true toads without ill effects. Toad poisons are secreted by warts.