### plant part:

Leaf
* Every leaf has to allow a flow of gases in and out of the plant, as well as the exit of water vapor.
* Leaves absorb carbon dioxide through tiny pores called stomata
  - energy
  - sunlight
  - accumulate glutamine, malate and ammonia when they are exposed to air
  - adapt to ambient conditions in a variety of ways
  - affected by norflurazon develop a unique, characteristic white color
* Leaves also come in different shapes and sizes
  - contain carotene, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and ascorbic acid
  - provide winter protection for tree roots
  - take in carbon dioxide from the air
* Leaves appear in the spring and die back in the summer
  - on stems
  - are a stuffing material for pillows - they impart a pleasant scent and also repel moths
* Leaves are also a major site of carbohydrate and mineral storage
  - toxic, but to a lesser degree
  - always more digestible than stems so more leaves equals more energy
  - deciduous, turning red before they fall in autumn
  - different sizes depending on where they grow on the tree
  - difficult to decay
  - emetic and their juice with black pepper is used in headache
  - especially poisonous in the spring, up to the time the plant flowers
* Leaves are green because leaves, or chlorophyll inside the leaves, reflects green light
  - of the process of photosynthesis
  - they contain small bodies in the cells called chloroplasts
  - hard to digest, so sloths have special large stomachs
  - high in protein, and supplement diets as a vegetable in Northeast Brazil
  - less aromatic than other species
  - mesophyllous, and shade leaves, tend to be covered with epiphytic growth
  - more nutritious than stems
  - most photosynthetically active when they reach full expansion
  - mostly deciduous, only very few alders are evergreen
  - nodes without any branches
  - one of the easiest landscape wastes to compost
  - only one of the structures preserved in the fossil record
* Leaves are produced by bean plants
  - slower to mature and reach full photosynthetic productivity
* Leaves are small and puckered, and plants become severely stunted
  - the plants fail to make normal growth
  - spicer than parsley, use to flavor fowl, meats and spicy dishes
* Leaves are the best year-round source of protein in the rain forest
  - dominant organic waste in most backyard compost piles
  - major plant organ of interest for grazing
  - means by which the trees gather carbon dioxide, and give off oxygen
  - most common wastes in backyard compost piles
  - power generators that supply energy for growth
  - site of the food making process called photosynthesis
  - sites of photosynthesis
  - tremendously diverse in shape, size, and shades of green
  - verbs that conjugate the seasons
  - very large, and plants possess an upright growth habit
  - where green plants make their food
* Leaves arise from rhizomes
  - short stems
  - underground stems
  - woody stems
* Leaves attract deer
  - insects
  - pollinators
* Leaves become less toxic as the growing season advances
  - twisted, and twig dieback can occur during heavy infestations
  - begin to lose the chlorophyll that gives the green color
* Leaves can act as a laxative or can induce vomiting
  - cause dermatitis
  - have different shapes
  - spiral into an amazing helix when mature
* Leaves change color when plants stop producing the green pigment, leaving the red or gold color
  - color, snow falls, and spring brings back the greenery
  - colors, usually from green to red, orange, yellow and brown
  - changing colors and falling off in autumn is one of the great adaptations of trees
  - cling to dead shoots
  - collect energy from the sun
* Leaves come and go with the seasons but the roots survive through the winters of our civilization
  - from trees
* Leaves come in many different shapes and sizes
  - conserve, store water, and insulate against heat
* Leaves contain a substance called chlorophyll that traps the sun's energy
  - cellulose
  - chlorophyll pigment
  - higher prussic acid levels than stems
* Leaves contain oxalic acid and soluble oxalates that can cause death
  - acid, which is injurious, if eaten in large quantities
  - phloem
  - photosynthetic tissue
  - the glucoside, syringin
  - vascular tissue
  - xylem phloem
  - cover with layers
  - curl and thicken, plants become yellow and unthrifty
  - curl, shrivel and die
  - decay if continually kept underwater
  - decrease in size as they ascend the stem
  - deter weevils and oil flavors condiments, meat products and liqueurs
* Leaves develop during springs
  - from axils
* Leaves die and fall
  - as do entire plants if stems are girdled
  - back in frost
  - from base of plant
  - differ from most in that they are heart shaped rather than divided into leaflets
  - display a wide range of genetically and developmentally regulated variation in shape
  - droop and lose their luster, birds and insects become quiet, and even the air is still
  - drop from trees
  - emerge from buds
* Leaves emerge in fall and by the time they bloom they are gone
  - late springs
* Leaves emit a distinctive odor when crushed
  - milky sap when broken
  - an unpleasant odor, especially when touched
  - enrich the soil's nutrients and quality for maximum root growth
* Leaves expose to full sunlight
  - fall down to the ground
* Leaves fall from avocado trees
  - bushes and trees
* Leaves fall off after frost
  - during drought or cold conditions
  - when all the cells break down and harden at the point of attachment to the branches
* Leaves feed butterflies
  - herbivores
* Leaves float in shallow water
  - fold upon touch, or being burned or otherwise stimulated
* Leaves form mosaic patterns
  - whorl patterns
  - function in food storage and can act as protection, as in bulbs
  - get thick, curl, become brittle
* Leaves give the soil more bulk than any other compostable matter
  - trees the energy for growing roots
  - gradually die, beginning on the lower part of the plant
* Leaves grow at tips
  - grind surfaces
  - in groups and emerge from the water on stalks
* Leaves grow on single stems
  - twigs attached to limbs that grow out of branches out of the main trunk
* Leaves have a definite life span, as do tillers
  - appearances
  - bitter taste
  - bluish color
  - blunt tips
  - brown spots
  - chemical properties
  - components
  - cuticles
  - distinct shapes
  - drip tips
  - ecological importance
  - edges
  - effects
  - epidermises
  - features
  - hairy petioles
  - heart shapes
  - impact
  - light texture
  - long petioles
  - low proteins
  - lower surfaces
  - major impact
* Leaves have many medicinal values as well
  - purposes beyond giving fullness of beauty to the trees
* Leaves have mottle appearances
* Leaves have pale spots
  - yellow spots
  - realistic appearances
  - round tips
  - same effects
  - shiny surfaces
  - sides
  - significant effects
* Leaves have similar appearances
  - slender petioles
* Leaves have small brown spots
* Leaves have smooth surfaces
  - spicy aroma
  - spine edges
  - springy texture
  - thick cuticles
  - thin cuticles
  - tough texture
  - two main parts, the blade and the petiole or leafstalk
  - upper epidermises
  - waxy surfaces
  - white spots
  - help plants
  - hold water
* Leaves includes leaf shapes
  - leak a milky, sticky juice when broken
* Leaves look like green leaves
* Leaves make flavor tea
  - food for the plant
  - manufacture the sugars and other compounds that serve as food for plants
  - meet stems
  - normally take up to two years to decay
* Leaves perform functions
  - important functions
  - photosynthesise, making sugars
* Leaves produce digestive enzymes
  - produced by infected corms turn yellow prematurely and die
  - protect buds
* Leaves provide a large surface area for photosynthesis
  - habitats
  - important nutrients to the soil
* Leaves reduce evaporation
  - water evaporation
  - reflect light from the green part of the spectrum
  - remain on trees
  - require sunlight
  - reveal their autumn colors as chlorophyll breaks down and other pigments are unmasked
  - roll up when dead
* Leaves serve dual purposes
  - same purposes
  - various purposes
* Leaves show characteristics
  - maximum photosynthesis
  - typical features
  - slow the erosive force of rain by intercepting and slowing precipitation
  - stand out from surfaces in shelf-like appearance
  - start to droop as the soil dries out, then quickly revive after watering
  - stay on plants
  - stimulate the heart
  - stop producing chlorophyll which is needed to absorb light
  - store nutrients
  - surround flowers
  - take up carbon as Roots take up the nitrogen
* Leaves turn a splendor of color
  - bright red in response to age, shade, or frost
  - brown and fall off deciduous trees in the Autumn
  - colors and fall to the ground
  - copper
  - deep rust color
  - reddish color
  - turning red prematurely in mid-summer on a lone branch are an early sign of dogwood borers
  - typically twist as they become completely necrotic
  - undergo photosynthesis
* Leaves use air, water and sunlight
  - light energy to make sugars out of carbon dioxide from the air
  - more energy for respiration than they can produce for photosynthesis
  - vary in shapes
* Many leaves are edible and are eaten by animals, birds, and humans
  - begin to turn before frost occurs
* More leaves provide more protein and minerals.
* Most leaf eating insects are in their larval, worm-like stage.
* Most leaves are broad and very thin, but they have many different shapes
  - green during the growing season
  - more iodine rich than root vegetables
  - have stomata, which open and close
* Some leaf infecting fungi cause very conspicuous symptoms.
* Some leaves are red when they are young but eventually turn green
  - used to store energy in bulbs
  - change color weeks before the first icy nights
* Some leaves have a third part called the stipules
  - different coloured pigmentation apart from or as well as green
  - produce plantlets that develop into entire plants
  - require water to boil and brew for specific amounts of time
* ants making and guarding a nest in the mangroves.
* are companies
* are located in compost piles
  - floral arrangements
  - lawns
  - parks
  - roofs
  - streets
  - near trees
  - made of chlorophyll
* are part of flowers
  - sheets
* are used for photosynthesis
* attributes as indices of fruit quality in prune tree canopies.
* burning anywhere is illegal under state law
  - leads to air pollution, health problems and fire hazard
* stalk borer and petiole borer cause the same type of injury.
+ Alder: Trees :: Betulaceae
  * Alder' is the common name for about 30 kinds of trees and shrubs of the 'Alnus' genus. Most of them are smaller in size. Leaves are mostly deciduous, only very few alders are evergreen.
+ Easter eggplant: Vegetables :: Fruits :: Solanum
  * Leaves are wavy at the edges.
+ Heliantheae: Asteraceae
  * Most Heliantheae are herbs or shrubs, but there are some that grow to the size of small trees. Leaves are usually hairy and arranged in opposite pairs. The anthers are usually black.
+ Leaf, Leaf adaptations: Plant anatomy
  * Some leaves are used to store energy in bulbs. An example is the onion.
+ Plantain, Use of parts other than the fruit, Plantain leaves: Fruits :: Musaceae
  * The leaves are usually easy to find in Venezuela. They are sold at grocery stores, and they can be bought on the open-air markets there. Leaves can be very big, over  in length. They are also used to simulate appetite, as they have a distinctive smell when hot food is placed on them.
+ Sign: Human communication :: Semiotics
  * A natural sign shows something significant. Leaves turn brown and fall off deciduous trees in the Autumn. It suggests Winter is coming. A pain suggests something is wrong with your health.
  * A 'leaf' is an above-ground plant organ. Its main functions are photosynthesis and gas exchange. A leaf is often flat, so it absorbs the most light, and thin, so that the sunlight can get to the chloroplasts in the cells. Most leaves have stomata, which open and close. They regulate carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapour exchange with the atmosphere.
  * Leaves come in many shapes and sizes. The biggest undivided leaf is that of a giant edible aroid. This lives in marshy parts of the tropical rain forest of Borneo. BBC Books, London.
+ Translocation (botany), Transport of organic products: Plant physiology
  * Leaves photosynthesise, making sugars. This creating pressure that pushes the sap down the sieve tube. When the sugar reaches cells that need it, the cells actively transport sugars out of the sieve-tube elements.