### medical science | pathology | endometriosis:

Severe endometriosis
- lead to infertility in various ways
* causes pelvic scarring and distortion of pelvic anatomy.
* is used to describe large implants and extensive scar tissue.
* known cause of infertility.

### medical science | pathology:

Fluorosis
* are pathology.
* can lead to spinal canal stenosis.
* cosmetic defect that occurs when more than an optimal amount of fluoride is ingested.
* is an excessive level of fluoride in the body
  - ireversible process causing early aging and death
  - characterized by white or brown stains on teeth
  - most evident in permanent teeth that develop during high fluorine intake
* non-curable disease and fluoride a deadly chemical.
* occurs due to ingestion of fluoride in abnormal quantities.
* only occurs when more than the optimal daily amount of fluoride is ingested.
* preventable crippling disease.

### medical science | pathology | fluorosis:

Dental fluorosis
* cosmetic defect resulting in stained teeth
  - that causes the staining of teeth
* discoloration and occasional mottling of tooth.
* involves the appearance of white spots in the tooth enamel.
* is characterized by a graying of teeth
  - mottled and discolored teeth
  - just the first sign of fluoride poisoning
  - now pandemic in fluoridated areas
  - seen as fine white lines running across tooth surface

Skeletal fluorosis
* has several stages of severity, with the less severe being chronic joint pain.
* is seen as the end result of fluoride poisoning.
* occurs in geographic areas where high levels of fluoride exist in drinking water.
* very disabling disease
  - real condition caused by excessive fluoride intake

Forensic pathology
* Forensic Pathology Note the basic features of cartridges used in guns.
* encompasses all aspects of anatomic pathology and laboratory medicine.
* involves the study of disease.
* is medicine
* specialization in the field.
* subspecialty of medicine that studies the causes of human death.

Hydronephrosis
* are diseases
  - renal diseases
* is pathology
  - relatively common in cases of duplication
  - the most common abnormality detected on prenatal ultrasonography
* ranges from mild, moderate to severe.
* refers to extra urinary fluid in the kidney.

Infarct
* appear in the same sites as the hemorrhages.
* are usually present in the kidneys.
* is pathology

### medical science | pathology | infarct:

Renal infarct
* Most renal infarcts are the result of embolized thrombi that lodge in renal arterial vessels.
* can occur in patients with sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait.

### medical science | pathology:

Iron overload
* accompanies sideroblastic anemia.
* can also occur in the hypothalamus
  - with repeated blood transfusions
  - be lethal unless it is detected and treated
* condition for which screening and appropriate follow-up are indicated
  - in which the body accumulates too much iron
* injures myocytes by production of free radicals that interfere with their function.
* is alsoassociated with macrocytosis
  - holistic in that it affects the entire body
  - unknown from iron fortification of foods
* occurs in hemochromatosis, also known as bronze diabetes.
* potentially dangerous condition.
* promotes the production of a number of reactive oxygen species.