### animal:

Female
* All females are born with reproductive capacities
  - care for one another's young
  - have a chemical that they release to attract distant males
  - share caring responsibilities for infants, a practice called allomothering
* Every female has at least two and probably three or more sources of sperm
  - potential victim of sexual assault
* Many females mate with more than one male before entering diapause
  - suffer from sexual dysfunction
* Most females are capable of conceiving and bearing children beginning in their mid-teen years
  - sexually mature at about five to six years
  - bear calves once every two years
* Most females begin reproducing around the age of one
  - to eat right away after they get home
  - breed at least twice a season, giving birth to two to six per litter
* Most females can dominate males even though they are physically smaller
  - mate once every three or four years
  - eat little or nothing from the time they become gravid until their eggs hatch
  - enjoy getting sexual attention
  - extrude eggs annually, although some appear to do so without moulting and mating
  - give birth every other year
* Most females give birth to one baby every year
  - pup per year and raise it in a nursery colony with other females
  - go through an estrus cycle
  - mate in their first year
* Most females mate with a single male after visiting bowers of multiple males
  - only their local male and give birth about five weeks after mating
  - probably have one or maximum two litters per year
  - produce two litters a year of one or two young
  - spawn twice and then die
  - stop eating while brooding the eggs and die after the eggs hatch
* Some females actively defend their nest
  - also play and splash in water, roll, and walk backwards
* Some females are more socially active and have a stronger social bond with the harem male
  - sexually mature and mate when they're one year of age
  - begin to look like males as they get older
* Some females can choose males for their good genes
  - conceive before they are a year old
  - eject sperm from an undesirable mate
  - even lift their leg much as a male does
* Some females experience heavy vaginal bleeding during oestrus
  - painful or less flow of blood, etc., during menstrual cycle
  - first breed in their third year, producing young in their fourth year
  - gain complete male pigmentation as they advance in age
  - give birth successfully every few years while others produce no calves at all
  - go through a false pregnancy every time they come into heat
* Some females have a postpartum estrus and produce more than one litter per year
  - the ability to retain the developing eggs inside prior to hatching
  - live more than three years
  - migrate to warmer water to give birth in the fall
  - plunge the entire tip of their abdomen into mud or silt to deposit eggs
  - produce a litter each breeding season but one litter per year is more common
  - skip a year in between breeding attempts to help restore their body condition
  - start nests by themselves
  - take eighteen months to two years to develop a regular cycle
* also eat differently than guys
  - feed on blood which is needed to produce eggs
* also have a hierarchy that is based upon their age
  - pouch to carry their babies, just like kangaroos
  - core temperature that varies during the menstrual cycle
  - dominance hierarchies
  - live longer than male mosquitoes
  - recognize their young by sound and scent cues
  - use their smell to recognize their pups
* are a rate-limiting resource which limits male reproductive success.
* are able to bond with several males while in estrus, but one male is more common
  - conceive three to four months after calves are weaned
  - make sounds, but only males are able to make songs
  - reproduce up to age twenty
  - about four times more likely than men to develop osteoporosis
  - also able to change their body temperature during pregnancy
  - among the most dedicated and protective to their kits of most mammal species
  - an increasingly important segment of the sports and fitness population
  - as large as or larger than males of the same age, which is uncommon among mammals
* are at a higher risk for domestic violence when their boyfriends are on steroids
  - higher risk of sexual violence, including rape or domestic violence, than are boys
  - capable of giving birth every year but usually do so at greater intervals
  - far and away the sex that has evolved to care for offspring
  - genders
  - heterozygous, inheriting X chromosomes from both parents
  - located in beds
* are more prone to bladder infections than males because the urethra in females is short
  - contracting sexually transmitted diseases than males
  - vulnerable to alcohol-related cirrhosis than men
* are much more likely to bite when they are protecting their egg sac
  - have eating disorders than males
  - no longer able to bear children because the uterus is removed during surgery
  - people
  - physically weaker than men for the same reason there are different species
  - primarily responsible for the nurture of children
  - reproductively active into old age
  - responsible for the two biggest advances in computer programming
  - sexually mature as early as three years of age
  - susceptible to mammary tumors, uterine infections and ovarian tumors
* are the ones that initiate mating, and it can occur during any period of the year
  - only sex that invest in pup development
  - sex with a large parental investment per gamete
  - sole source of parental care following birth until independence
  - three times more likely to be sexually abused during childhood than males
  - thus only able to reproduce two or three times in their lifetimes
  - usually carriers of x-linked traits and thus transmit the trait to their male children
* are, after all, the only birds capable of egg production.
* attain full size by the age of five, and males by the age of seven.
* attract potential mates through scents and vocalizations.
* become fertile when they reach between two and three years of age
  - receptive once a year and births seem to be related to coincide with rainfall
  - sexually mature at the age of five years
* begin to have babies when they are between two and three years old
  - mate when they are about two and a half years old
* breed when they are two years old, generally giving birth each year.
* build nests or take over abandoned bird nests in which to birth and rear offspring.
* can and do become pregnant from having sex during their menstrual period.
* can be double-mated to correspond more closely to the time of ovulation
  - sure that they contributed to an offspring when they give birth or lay eggs
  - very aggressive toward males, even during estrus
* can become pregnant again within several hours of giving birth
  - immediately following the birth of a litter
  - carry fertilized eggs for up to a year, giving birth when conditions are right
  - choose mates on the basis of material offerings or particular male traits
* can give birth to puppies from more than one father
  - twice in one year
* can have a calf every two years, but average three years between births
  - calves when they are about four years old
  - facial hair, and males can have no facial hair at all
  - problems with estrogen use and in pregnancy
  - live together peacefully
  - only donate an X-chromosome
* can only have a limited number of children in their lifetimes
  - four babies at one time
  - mate with mature males to produce offspring that are the size of a flea
  - migrate by walking because they are wingless
* can produce several broods per year and the average lifespan is three years
  - thousands, or even millions, of eggs in one go
  - reach more than thirty years and give birth to pups at high age
  - recognize the songs of males of their own species
  - reject males by moving away, kicking, and extruding their ovipositor
  - reproduce without males so populations increase very quickly
  - spawn twice in their life-cycle and release up to two million eggs at a time
  - store sperm and produce fertilized eggs up to four years after mating
* choose mates based on many factors.
* come into estrus a number of times during the year and give birth to several litters.
* commonly develop abnormal menstruation, both amenorrhea and increased bleeding.
* continue mating during gestation to prevent infanticide by dominant males.
* continue to get married at an earlier age than males
  - molt after reaching maturity and therefore are able to regenerate lost legs
  - produce offspring without mating so long as weather allows feeding and growth
* die immediately after spawning, at the age of three years.
* do more than males especially in primates since they do gestation and lactation.
* dominate the social hierarchy and are larger than males.
* drink blood so they can get protein to develop their eggs.
* eat more insects when nursing offspring as their protein requirements increase.
* encapsulate hundreds of eggs in a sheath that is made of many layers of protein.
* excrete estrogen in their fecal matter.
* experience an average life expectancy about six years longer than males
  - oestrous cycle, during which their body prepares itself for pregnancy
* feed on blood only to obtain protein for egg production.
* first breed when they're one year old.
* frequently have different mates in subsequent breeding seasons.
* generally give birth by age ten to eleven in captivity and thirteen to fifteen in the wild
* generally give birth to a single calf every three to five years
  - one calf at a time
  - only three or four surviving young during their reproductive life
* get half of their mother's chromosomes, but all of their fathers chromosomes.
* give birth about every five years
  - every four to twenty years, and care for the calves for more than a decade
  - on land, ice, or shallow water so that the pups can breathe
  - through their penis-like clitoris
* give birth to a single baby after a gestation period of about six months
  - about one baby a year
  - an average of six young per litter with two litters per year being the norm
* give birth to calves about once every two or three years
  - every two to three years
  - just a single infant every two years
* give birth to live female nymphs
  - young and multiply rapidly
  - young, which they carry around on their backs
  - one, occasionally two, large babies, after a pregnancy of six to seven months
* give birth to only one baby at a time after a three-month gestation
  - bat during each reproduction cycle
  - single calves every two to three years on average
  - birth, on average, only once every eight years
* have a cloaca, one opening that serves digestive and reproductive functions
  - homologous pair of X chromosomes
  - practice of abandoning their young
  - tendency to have close bonds with their maternal relatives throughout their lives
  - an XX pair of sex sex chromosomes, while males have an XY pair
* have babies every three to four years
  - twice a year
  - more dermal fat, distributed differently
  - special breast muscles that pump milk into the offspring's mouth
  - the ability to store sperm for multiple spawnings
  - two X chromosomes and can carry the disease gene on one of their X chromosomes
* have two X chromosomes, and therefore two copies of every gene
  - but only one is active in any particular cell
* have two X chromosomes, one from each parent
  - inherited from each of their parents
* have two X chromosomes, only one of which generally carries the disease gene
  - of which is active
  - so they usually receive a normal gene on the second X chromosome
  - X-chromosomes and contribute a copy of one to each of their offspring
* have two X-chromosomes, one from each parent
  - their father, and one from their mother
* have two copies of the X chromosome, but only one normally remains functional in each cell
  - chromosome, one from each parent
  - ovaries that store the eggs , and a uterus which is connected to a vagina
  - sets of X-linked genes
  - vaginas
* increase offspring heterozygosity and fitness through extra-pair matings.
* inherit two X chromosomes, one each from the mother and father
* is an animal
* lack a marsupium, fetuses complete development within the uterus.
* like to care for three to four babies at a time because one cub waste of time
  - give birth in the comfort of their own homes
* live alone except when they are raising cubs and they raise their cubs on their own
  - in one group their entire lives, while males migrate from group to group
* live longer than males and grow faster, particularly after they reach maturity
  - in most countries around the world
* maintain both social relationships and hygiene through grooming.
* mate almost immediately after giving birth, and are therefore pregnant most of the time
  - only once in their lifetime
* migrate more than males, so most of the beetles found in first-year corn are females.
* normally carry two X chromosomes
  - give birth once a year, in late winter or early spring
* normally give birth to calves every other year
  - one baby at a time, but have been found to carry twins or triplets
* normally have the same complement as males, minus the canine teeth
* now show signs of puberty at an earlier age.
* obtain rank as they age and have offspring, especially males.
* often continue to copulate, even when conception is no longer possible
  - have litters of up to seven kittens four to five times a year
  - stop feeding in the final stages of pregnancy
* only reproduce every second year and give birth to an average of six live young.
* pass on immunity to their offspring through their milk.
* possess a marsupium, or brood pouch, hence the common name of opossum shrimps
  - spermatheca , an ectodermal gland which opens into the oviduct
  - six mammary glands and can, therefore, nurse all offspring simultaneously
  - two X chromosomes, XX and are said to be homogametic
* produce gametes that are larger than men
  - smaller amounts of testosterone than males
* reach sexual maturity around four to five year-olds
  - generally around two and a half to three years of age
* receive an X-chromosome from the father and one from the mother.
* report depression much more often than men.
* reproduce in a way that literally leads to clone production
  - parthenogenetically and sexually
* retain muscle proteins when they exercise because females have more growth hormone.
* see the world as a series of interconnected relationships.
* seem to be very protective of their young and have been known to kill intruding animals.
* sit with feet further apart than males, probably because of the position of the hip bones.
* start drinking alcohol later than males
  - to breed when they reach sexual maturity, typically in their second year
* still tend to get married at an earlier age than males.
* stop giving milk and animals of both sexes stop growing for about three weeks.
* tend to be larger than males and adult fish grow more in weight than in length
  - begin drinking alcohol at a later age than males
  - gain more fat in the hips, thighs and buttocks for reproductive purposes
  - have less bone mass than men do
  - remain in their birth place throughout their lives
* traditionally are the primary caregivers of their infants and children.
* transfer energy to unborn fawns, which now undergo rapid growth.
* transmit diseases when they live long enough to spread viruses, microfilaria, etc.
* typically give birth after a six-month gestation, usually to a single infant
  - every other year, but a recent increase in pregnancies has been noted
  - only once every few years
  - mate and oviposit periodically throughout their adult lives
* undergoing oogenesis have low serum hormone levels and moderately active glands.
* use their dull colors to hide themselves, their nest and babies from predators
  - phones most often to communicate with friends
  - skin color to signal a willingness or lack of willingness to mate
* usually give birth to a single young per year, but twins are common.
* usually give birth to one infant, though twins are rare
  - pup a year, although twin births occur occasionally
  - have one child every six years
* usually have their first birth in their mid-teens
  - menopause in middle age , when they stop bleeding every month
  - mate successfully for the first time between the ages of six and eight
  - mature sexually at an earlier age than males
* usually reach sexual maturity around one year of age
  - the age of ten and nest every two to four years
  - at about four years of age, males at about six years
* velvet ants have a very painful sting.
+ Adder, Description: Vipers
  * Unusual for snakes, the adder's sexes are possible to tell apart by the colour. Females are usually brownish with dark-brown markings, the males are pure grey with black markings.
+ American Robin, Description: Thrushes
  * There is a white patch on the underside of the belly, near the tail. This can be seen when it is flying. American Robins that live in eastern Canada are very bright. They have a white throat. It has black stripes in it. Females have lighter gray-brown heads than males. They also have lighter orange-red breasts. It has dark spots on its breast. American Robins that live in western North America are very pale. American Robins that live in eastern Canada are very bright.
+ Bearded dragon, Description: Reptiles of Australia
  * Central bearded dragons can grow to be about 2 feet long. Half of the length of a Bearded Dragon's body is its tail. Females are usually smaller than males. Bearded dragons come in many colours, like brown, grey, reddish-brown, and even orange. They sometimes change colour a little bit when it gets hot or cold. They have special scales that look like spikes on the sides of their body, throats, necks, and heads. These spikes look a little like a beard, and that is where a bearded dragon gets its name. If a bearded dragon is scared, it will flatten its body against the ground, puff out its spiky throat, and open its jaws to make itself look larger.
+ Bengal tiger, Appearance: Tigers
  * They are the second largest tiger, after the Siberian tiger also known as the Amur Tiger. Male Bengal tigers have a total length, including the tail, from. Females go from. The average weight of males is.
+ Bignose shark, Reproduction: Sharks :: IUCN Red List data deficient species
  * The Bignose sharks are viviparous, meaning that they give live birth instead of laying eggs. Male bignose sharks reach maturity at around 2 metres in length, while females reach maturity between 2.3-2.8 metres. Females give birth at different times of the year depending on where they are found. In the Mediterranean Sea, Bignose sharks are known to give birth from August to September, while off the coast of Madagascar, birth occurs during September and October.
+ Black-tailed rattlesnake, Description
  * Most Black-tailed Rattlesnakes grow to the length of. They can be as long as. Females are said to be larger than males.
+ Brine shrimp: Branchiopods
  * The optimum for 'Artemia' is 100 to 150 parts per thousand. Use of the brine shrimp, 'Artemia' spp. The shrimp grow to be about one centimeter long. Females tend to be larger than males.
  * Female and male brine shrimp have different reproductive systems, although they are similar in some ways. The female reproductive organs consist of ovaries and an ovisac. These are used to produce and store their eggs. The male reproductive organs are testes and a penis. Females can fertilize their eggs in two ways. The first way involves both the male and female brine shrimp. The male would help fertilize the egg in the female's body. This process is known as copulation. The other way only involves a female brine shrimp. She is able to fertilize her own egg.
+ Brown huntsman spider, Description: Sparassidae
  * Females have a larger abdomen than males but males have longer and thinner legs with a slim body. The female also has a strong body and often carries a pillow-like egg sac under her
  - tree snake, Reproduction: Colubrids :: Reptiles of Australia
  * Reproduction has not been looked at in detail. Females make up to two groups, called clutches per year depending on season, climate. The female places the eggs in hollow logs, rock cracks, and other places where they are likely protected from drying and high temperatures
+ Bullfrog, Adults: Frogs :: Symbols of Oklahoma
  * Bullfrogs can reach a length of. Females are larger than males. Bullfrogs can weigh up to. Bullfrogs are either brown or green. They also have darker spots on their back. Bullfrogs have webbed feet for swimming. They can leap up to
  * Females are attracted to males who have territories that provide the most food. Bullfrogs will mate between early spring to early summer. A male bullfrog grabs the female and begins roaring. A female bullfrog will make an aggressive call. The female lays her eggs in shallow waters. The male releases sperm on the eggs as fertilizer
+ Capybara, Description: Rodents
  * San Francisco Zoo. Retrieved on December 17, 2007. It is closely related to guinea pigs and to chinchillas. When capybaras are full grown they weigh about 55 kg, or 100 pounds. The capybara's stocky body is about a meter, or 3 feet, long, and its shoulder is about 60 centimeters, or about two feet, high off the ground. Females are usually bigger and heavier than males. Capybaras have brown or reddish-brown fur. When they are old their fur is thin, their skin can get sunburned easily. Their eyes and ears and nostrils are high on their heads, so they can easily be kept above water when the capybara is swimming.
+ Cassowary, Description: Birds of Australia :: Ratites :: Endangered species :: Flightless birds :: Struthioniformes
  * The Southern Cassowary is the largest forest bird in the world, and the second heaviest bird in the world after the ostrich. It is third tallest after the ostrich and emu. Females are bigger and more brightly coloured. Adult Southern Cassowaries are between  to  tall. They do not have feathers on their necks. The necks are brightly colored in red, blue, purple and yellow. The Southern Cassowary has two wattles, loose skin, which hangs down from their neck. The Northern Cassowary has one wattle.
+ Common toad, Description: Toads
  * The common toad can grow to about  in length. Females grow larger than males. Those in the south tend to be larger than ones in the north. The head is broad with a wide mouth. The nose has two small nostrils. There are no teeth. The large, protruding eyes have yellow or copper coloured irises and horizontal slit-shaped pupils.
+ Crane fly, What they look like: Flies
  * Adult crane flies have very long legs and a long, thin abdomen. It is very easy to accidentally break off their delicate legs when catching crane flies. Their thin legs and  abdomen may help them to escape from birds who try to eat them. Females have larger abdomens in comparison to the males. The female abdomen also ends in a pointed ovipositor that looks a bit like a stinger. Crane flies cannot sting.
+ Eastern bluebird, Population: Passeriformes
  * Females have between four and five eggs at a time. Before hatching, there is about fourteen days of incubation. The eastern bluebird has been decreasing in population over time. Despite the fact that many eggs are laid, the birth's success rate is low. One thing that can be the source of that phenomenon might be the introduction of the common starling from Europe. That kind of bird is a strong competitor fighting against eastern bluebirds for natural cavities.
+ Eyelash viper, Description
  * Females are larger than males. The Eyelash Viper comes in many colors like green, yellow, red, brown or even pink.
+ Giant panda, Appearance: Ursidaes
  * Giant pandas are about the size of an American black bear. They are about  tall at the shoulder when they are standing on all four legs. They are about  long. Males weigh up to  in the wild. Females usually weigh less than.
+ Harp seal, Description, Reproduction: Pinnipeds
  * Females mature sexually at age five to six. Then each year, they bear one pup. This is usually in late February.
+ Kestrel, Description: Birds of Europe :: Birds of Turkey :: Birds of Pakistan
  * Females are larger. They are small compared with other birds of prey, but larger than most songbirds. Like the other 'Falco' species, they have long wings and a long tail.
+ Kricogonia lyside, Similar species: Pieridae
  * The Statira Sulphur has a more yellowish upper side. The underside of the wings is pale greenish to white. Females have light pinkish markings.
+ Lemur, Feeding Habits and Life
  * Lemurs mostly eat fruit, leaves, and other plant parts. They live in family groups of 5 to 42 members which is called a troop. Females are dominant and remain in the same troop for life. Males move between troops. The female's gestation period lasts four to five months, and they usually have between one and two babies. Lemur mothers nurse their babies until they are about four months old. Then they begin to feed the babies solid food such as fruit. Lemurs spend most of their time in the trees.
+ Markhor: Caprids :: National symbols of Pakistan :: Mammals of Pakistan :: Plants and animals of Kashmir
  * Markhor are 65 to 115 centimetres tall at the shoulder. They usually weigh from 40 to 110 kilograms. Females are a tan colour with a white underbelly and a pattern of black and white on the legs. Males are a lighter tan colour with the same white underbelly and pattern on the legs. Males also have a black face and lots of long white fur on their neck and chest which can grow down to their knees.
+ Megamouth shark, Description: Sharks
  * The Megamouth shark has around fifty rows of very small teeth on each jaw, but only three rows are usable. Females seem to have fewer teeth rows than males.
+ Middle age, Health: Society
  * Middle-aged females find it harder to become pregnant. Females usually have their menopause in middle age, when they stop bleeding every month. When that happens, they cannot have children anymore.
+ Moose, Life: Deer :: Mammals of North America
  * Moose are active during the day. They live alone, but in winter they sometimes form small groups. Moose eat grass, leaves, twigs, willow, birch, maple shoots and water plants. After a pregnancy of 8 months, the female gives birth to one or two babies. Females begin to have babies when they are between two and three years old. Moose usually live to fifteen years old, but they can reach as old as twenty-seven years old. A mother moose will aggressively protect her young. Their enemies are bears and wolves, who hunt moose calves.
+ Parthenogenesis: Methods of reproduction :: Insects
  * These female aphids may or may not have wings. Males only appear in any number at the close of the season. Females then give birth sexually during autumn, laying eggs. Therefore aphids are said to undergo cyclical parthenogenesis.
+ Phengodidae: Beetles
  * They feed on millipedes and other animals they find in the soil and litter. Males are winged. They are attracted to lights at night. They are probably short-lived and do not feed at all. In some species, adult males can also produce light. Females have organs that produce a green or yellow light on their trunks.
+ Proboscis Monkey, Physical Appearance: Monkeys
  * The proboscis mae monkey is known for its very unique, large floppy nose, and the name is taken from the nose, as well. Females have a smaller pointed nose. Another peculiar fact is that a baby proboscis, with its dark blue face and black furs, looks very different from its parents. As it gets older, its fur changes to the orange color of its parents.
+ Quoll: Dasyuromorphia :: Marsupials of Australia
  * Females have pouch to carry their babies.
+ Red Kangaroo, Description: Macropods :: Marsupials of Australia
  * Males grow up to  tall and weigh up to. Females are   tall and weigh up to. The tails is about  long. There are often reports of larger Red Kangaroos, with some males reaching about  tall.
+ Rosacea: Dermatology :: Health problems
  * Rosacea affects mostly Caucasians, though some other races can be affected. Rosacea affects both males and females. Females are three times more likely than males to get rosacea. Things that can cause rosacea are exposure of the face to extreme temperature, the heat of sunlight, severe sunburn, stress, anxiety, alcohol and spicy foods. Most people with rosacea have only mild redness and are never officially diagnosed or treated.
+ Silkworm, Silk: Moths
  * The silkworm-moths have wings about 2 inches wide and a white hairy body. Females are about two to three times bigger than the males, but similarly colored. Adult silkworms have small mouths and do not eat.
+ Small White, Description
  * It looks like a smaller version of the Large White. The upperside is creamy white with black tips to the forewings. Females also have two black spots in the center of the forewings. Its underwings are yellowish with black.
+ Sparrow, Other so-called 'Sparrows', Description: Passeri
  * The House Sparrow is small bird. Females are smaller than males.
+ Sparrowhawk: Falconiformes :: Birds of Europe :: Birds of Asia
  * The Sparrowhawk eats mostly small birds which live in woodland. It can be seen in any habitat and often hunts birds in town and city gardens. Male Sparrowhawks eat smaller birds like tits, finches and sparrows. Females eat bigger birds like thrushes and starlings. They can kill birds weighing more than.
+ Specific phobia: Anxiety disorders
  * Affected people tend to avoid direct contact with such objects or situations, sometimes even the mentions of them. Exposure may result in panic attacks or severe anxiety. The usual onset age is childhood or adolescence, although the condition can start for young adults. Females are almost twice as likely to suffer from specific phobias as males. Examples for specific phobia include fears of thunderstorms and certain animals, particularly spiders or snakes.
+ Tiger, Appearance, Size
  * Tigers vary in size depending on their subspecies. Siberian tigers are the largest. Females are a bit smaller.
+ Venezuelan Sylph: Hummingbirds
  * Its color is mostly  green. The throat is blue and the outer tail-feathers are violet, becoming blue towards the tips. The female is 9.5-11 centimeters long. The tail is shorter than that of the male but still fairly long and slightly forked. Females have a blue crown and white throat, breast and belly.
  * The Long-tailed Sylph is almost the same in color but does not overlap in range. Males of the subspecies 'caudatus' have a mostly blue tail and no blue throat patch, while males of the subspecies 'margarethae' have green tips to the tail-feathers. Females have a rufous breast and belly.
+ Wasp, Anatomy
  * Wasps have biting mouthparts and antennae with 12 or 13 segments. Females have a sting, which they use for piercing and egg laying. Adult wasps feed mostly on nectar, but their larvae feed on insects or pollen, provided by the mother.
+ Water buffalo: Bovines
  * Females normally give birth to calves every other year. Young bulls usually stay with herds of mothers, which have about 30 buffalo, for three years after birth.