### animal | arthropod | insect:

Midge
* Most midges emerge from pupas.
* Most midges go through complete metamorphosis
  - have stages
  - like to stay indoors during the winter months
  - resemble mosquitoes
* Some midges are more pollution sensitive and are found within upper reaches
  - begin life
  - carry viruses
  - drink water
  - eat aphids
* Some midges feed on berries
  - juniper
  - western juniper
* Some midges have compound eyes
  - legs
  - proboscises
  - senses
  - short proboscises
  - look like mosquitoes
  - range in size
* also cause severe damage to vegetative growth
  - differ from mosquitoes in that they have a much shorter snout known as the proboscis
* appear throughout the year in rivers.
* are a group of insects that include many kinds of small flies
  - large group of insects that resemble the mosquito
  - always in the water
  - an important food source for fish and predatory aquatic insects
  - approximately a half-inch in length and light green to brown in color
  - attracted to light
  - gnats
  - important especially to smaller streams with less mayfly activity
  - most important during their emergence, when fish rise to pupae and crippled adults
  - nighttime fliers, usually appearing just after the sun disappears behind the horizon
  - non-biting flies that resemble mosquitoes in size and general appearance
  - probably the cheeseburger of the trout's diet
  - the most common group of insects in rice fields
  - tiny - the size of a pin head or smaller
  - two-winged flies that come in a variety of sizes and colors
  - very tolerant to pollution
* can also produce exciting action when the fish are rising
  - be a problem at all forest campsites
  - find any hole or opening, use midge netting to protect tent openings
  - have an impaction the economy of areas where they are common
* develop from bloodworm lava stages to pupa and then adult.
* feed on dead vegetable matter in the pond.
* fly in great swarms for the purpose of mating.
* hatch nearly every day.
  - the unique feature of having hemoglobin in their blood
* includes air sacs
  - brains
  - carapaces
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - heads
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - sections
  - shells
  - skulls
  - thoraxes
  - vacuoles
* infest wheat.
* live in regions indicated in black.
* prefer areas of high humidity such as damp pastures or edges of ponds.
* start life as an egg that hatches as a larva.
* struggling to get out of their shucks make easy targets for surface-feeding trout.
* typically pupate in the same habitats where the larvae develop.
* undergo complete metamorphosis like a butterfly.

### animal | arthropod | insect | midge:

Bite midge
* Some bite midges begin life.
* Some bite midges have visitors
  - wings

Female midge
* bite to get blood so that they can lay eggs.
* make wee slits in lower leaf surfaces and lay eggs in spring.

Phantom midge
* Most phantom midges resemble mosquitoes.
* Some phantom midges have proboscises

Wheat midge
* Most wheat midges have stages.
* are at threatening levels.
* infest wheat.

### animal | arthropod | insect | mosquito:

Adult female mosquito
* feed on blood.
* live for months.

Adult mosquito
* carry diseases.
* have long antennae, and male mosquitos antennae look very feathery.

Infect mosquito
* Most infect mosquitoes transmit viruses.
* Some infect mosquitoes take blood meals

Infected mosquito
* are necessary to spread the disease
  - the primary source for the virus
* can transmit West Nile virus to humans.
* continue to transmit dengue with each blood meal for the rest of their lives.
* transmit parasitic larvae when they bite a dog
  - the West Nile virus

Mosquito control
* is currently the best method for disease prevention
  - one method of controlling outbreaks
  - the employment of chosen vector control measures
* operates actively during the months of april through september.