### substance:

Granular material
* are different from both fluids and solids
  - ubiquitous in nature, industrial processing and everyday life
* is filled into the space between cyinders and air-fluidized from below.
* remain and react close to the area where placed.

Gravel
* are too pervious and are very difficult to shape.
* is located in roofs
  - streets
  - rocks
* range down to the size of peas.

### substance | gravel:

Small gravel
* does a good job of anchoring plants and gives roots something to hold onto.
* migrate easily, working their way down into the soil.

Green material
* are things like grass clippings, kitchen wastes and fresh plant cuttings.
* contain large amounts of nitrogen.
* provide nitrogen.

### substance:

Ground substance
* Some ground substances are part of alsatians
  - ankles
  - backbones
  - beagles
  - bulldogs
  - cartilages
  - chests
  - chicks
  - cochleas
  - craniums
  - cygnets
  - diaphragms
  - doggies
  - ducklings
  - endoskeletons
  - esophagi
  - fangs
  - fawns
  - fingers
  - fishbones
  - foxhounds
  - incisors
  - jaws
  - knees
  - larynxes
  - legs
  - ligaments
  - mandibles
  - marrow
  - meniscuses
  - molars
  - necks
  - noses
  - notochords
  - partridges
  - penises
  - poodles
  - proboscises
  - puppies
  - shinbones
  - skin
  - skulls
  - snouts
  - spines
  - sterna
  - teeth
  - tendons
  - thighs
  - thumbs
  - toes
  - toms
  - tusks
  - vertebrae
  - wrists
* has the consistency of a semi-fluid gel.
* is lost during tissue preparation and is represented by empty space.
* plays an important role in loose connective tissue.

Growth regulator
* Most growth regulators increase resistance.
* Some growth regulators have survival
  - prevent maturation
* affect post-transplant growth of bedding plants.
* are how one part of a tree communicates with other parts.
* can increase tuber initiation.
* facilitate harvesting of oranges.
* herbicides control broadleaf weeds and can injure sugar-beet.
* mimic naturally occurring plant hormones and cause uncontrolled growth.

### substance | growth regulator:

Cytokinin
* also have many identified structures, perhaps the most common one in plants is zeatin
  - maintain cell growth, differentiation, and division
* are chemical compounds that stimulate cell growth.
* are hormones in plants that are found both naturally and synthetically
  - that promote cell division
  - involved in repair, too
  - like the fountain of youth in plants
  - primarily available as seaweed extracts
  - responsible for circadian rhythms
  - strong promoters of bud growth and leaf growth stimulation
  - used in tissue culture media, and for growth control in fruit
* can also cause a delay in leaf senescence
  - slow down the aging of some plant organs
* cause nutrient diversion
  - pith cells to form buds
* enhance the cycle cycle especially in endosperm tissue.
* exert their influence by activating genes and promoting protein synthesis.
* growth regulator
* increase shoot proliferation but decrease rooting and increase vitrification.
* induces expression of several early response genes.
* is plant hormones.
* plays an important role in the growth of plants by regulating cell division.
* present in the seaweed toughen the plant cell walls.
* promote cell division, promote leaf expansion, and retard leaf aging.
* stimulate mitosis in actively developing plant parts
  - the expansion of cotyledons.
  * are hormones in plants that are found both naturally and synthetically. They are used to make the process of cell mitosis quicken, and thus to make the plant grow faster

Kinin
* also appear in the secretions.
* can also affect nerve endings and create pain.
* increase vascular permeability and contribute to circulatory failure, due to hypotension.
* promote cell division and tissue growth in leaf, stem, and root.