### plant | tracheophyte | tree:

Dogwood
* All dogwoods are deciduous with heavy, hard and fine-textured wood.
* Most dogwoods are native to North America, Europe and Asia
  - require supplemental water during summer and fall, especially during hot, dry spells
* Native American remedy for fever.
* Some dogwoods have spectacular red branches that stand out in winter, especially against snow.
* also prefer partial or bright shade.
* anthracnose fungal disease of leaves and twigs.
* anthracnose is favored by wet, rainy weather, and slow foliage drying
  - the disease that can cause tree decline and mortality
* are an understory tree
  - another group of popular larger shrubs
  - at their best in a sandy, acidic soil and in areas that receive abundant rain
  - deciduous shrubs or small trees that grow best under the shade of taller trees
  - hard to spot with foliage leafing out - at the end of their season
* are native as understory trees in our pine and hardwood forests
  - to North Carolina and are also the state flower
  - one of the best kinds of shade-tolerant trees
  - the most numerous tree species in the understory throughout the Woods
  - tolerant of competition from many other plants
* are very susceptible to drought stress
* can reproduce vegetatively through suckers, sprouts, and root shoots
  - spread by suckering
* common flowering tree of the eastern United States.
* grow readily from seed.
* hard wood that was used for making spindles for the mills.
* have many near-surface roots so don t disturb the soil around the tree more than necessary
  - uses in the landscape
  - tough, white bracts, which most people think of as petals, functioning the same way
* is one of the first small landscape trees to begin to change color in the Autumn
  - the state flower, the cardinal is the state bird
* leaves showing blotches and spots of the fungus disease dogwood anthracnose.
* prefer a soil that is high in organic matter.
* produce a mixture of colors from bright red to blackish-purple
  - nutritious fruits in the fall, which serve as a food source for forest songbirds
* produces small showy white flowers that develop into pleasing white berries.
* provides dense cover for wildlife and summer food for many bird species.
* slow to moderate grower.
* wither from cold and rain.

Dogwood tree
* add spring flowers and fall color.
* are lit up at night, Some are pink and some are white
* begin producing seeds right after the petals drop from the flowers.
* grow easily from seed.
* have shallow roots
  - two different flower patterns

### plant | tracheophyte | tree | dogwood:

Bunchberry
* Bunchberries have their clusters of orange-red berries.
* Some bunchberries have four leaves while others have six, even in the same patch.

Cornelian cherry
* Cornelian cherries are dogwoods.
* is generally pest-free.
* small tree or large shrub.
* tends to be multi-stemmed and is formed more like a shrub than a tree.

Gray dogwood
* is used in shrub borders and as a screen
  - well adapted for revegetating disturbed sites
* native shrub that natural component of many woodland and prairie communities.
* woody perennial that forms thickets from rhizomes.

Pacific dogwood
* has high concentrations of tannins in the bark, which make the browse bitter.
* native, deciduous, long-lived shrub or tree.

Dominant tree
* Most dominant trees drop leaves
  - grow in height
* Some dominant trees produce seeds
  - support growth
* are the largest trees in the forest stand.

Dry tree
* are an extreme fire hazard
  - fire hazards
* can create a dangerous fire.
* throw off a tremendous amount of heat and and can create a dangerous fire.