ontocord/MixtureVitae-genericsKB huggingface dataset:
### substance:

Packaging material
* are located in post offices.
* can leach into food and contribute to adverse reactions.
* make up about one-third of the United States' total waste stream.
* protect the foods and improve product quality during transportation and storage.
### substance | paper:

Manila
* also serves as the financial and publishing center of the nation.
* complete web writing and design environment.
* content management tool that allows for the easy creation and maintenance of web sites.
* is drowned in density
  - located on Luzon
  - one of Asia's premier cities and an international gateway city
  - the biggest city and the national capital
* is the capital and largest city of the Philippines
* is the country's capital and premier gateway to the Philippines
  - gateway to the country
  - largest city in the country
  - oldest, the most established, and the political capital
* leads all other provinces in population density.
* major seaport, a crossroads of trade in the Asia-Pacific region.
* program meant to facilitate the creation of cyberspace communities.
* separates form from content, so designers can design and writers can write.
* web service.

Modern paper
* Most modern papers contain ingredients that form acids which can cause the breakdown of cellulose.
* is made from extracting xylem fibers from wood
  - often machine made
* use computers with keyboards that speak in clicks.

Newsprint
* Most newsprint is used to print daily and weekly newspapers.
* are commodities
  - located in newspapers
* is high in lignin, one of the main structural components of wood
  - made from wood pulp, which fades and crumbles very rapidly
  - very acidic because of the chemicals used in the paper's production
* prime example of paper stock with a high acid content.
### substance | paper:

Wallpaper
* Most wallpaper is paper or fabric coated with vinyl.
* accept a lot of moisture during the pasting process.
* are price-competitive compared to other wall decorating materials.
* are, as they are aptly named - wallpapers for the desktop.
* come in many styles, colors and fabrics.
* has floral patterns
  - roles
* is computer graphics
  - desktop themes
  - located in desktops

Wax paper
* Make a cut in the paper plates, from edge to center.
* is moistureproof and almost transparent, often used to cover foods and line baking pans
  - used to keep the clay off the workbench

Paramagnetic material
* are magnetized with more difficulty.
* have a small, positive susceptibility to magnetic fields.

### substance:

Parent material
* Is the main slab of continental rock from which the soil has originated from.
* are sands, clays and loess.
* contribute to soil variations within climatic and vegetative zones.
* contributes both chemical and physical properties to an individual soil.
* determines the properties of young soils.
* has a major influence on the physical and chemical make-up of soils.
* is the basic mineral and organic material from which the soil is formed
  - unconsolidated, weathered mineral or organic material from which soils form
  - unweathered material from which a soil is formed
### substance | particle:

Aerosol particle
* Most aerosol particles have roles
  - reflect sunlight
* are like hair spray or other aerosol products.

Airborne particle
* Many airborne particles are small enough to get into the lungs.
* Most airborne particles cause inflammation
  - irritate eyes
* are solids suspended in the air.
* can also cause soiling and damage to materials.
* disperse rapidly.
* leave dirt on the surface of the LEDs which decreases their brightness.

### substance | particle:

Alpha particle
* are actually the nuclei of helium atoms
  - clusters of two neutrons and two protons each
  - easy to stop, gamma rays are hard to stop
  - extremely stable
  - hazardous when an alpha-emitting isotope is inside the body
  - heavier
* are helium nuclei, containing two protons and two neutrons
  - highly energetic
  - ions
  - only able to travel short distances because of their size
* are relatively large, and very heavy
  - slow and heavy
  - so heavy that even with low velocity their momentum is high
  - subatomic particles
  - the end product of the proton-proton fusion cycle
  - very massive in comparison with the other types of radioactive particles below
  - very, very dangerous
* can also impact cellulose.
* carry a positive charge and are highly energetic
* come from the decay of an unstable atomic nucleus such as uranium.
* consist of two protons and two neutrons and carry a positive charge.
* have even shorter penetration ranges than beta particles
  - little penetrative power in the air and in human tissues
  - very little penetration power and can be stopped by a sheet of paper
* lose their energy almost as soon as they collide with anything.
* make the halos.
* produce a tiny, but visible flash of light when they strike a fluorescent screen
  - short tracks, whereas beta particles leave long ones
* radiate from the source in all directions and produce trails of liquid droplets.
* release a small burst of energy, which are absorbed by nearby lung tissue.
* travel about an inch and can be stopped by a sheet of paper.

Atmospheric particle
* Some atmospheric particles are from natural sources.
* can actually diffuse into the metal
  - scatter and absorb sunlight which reduces visibility
* have a diameter smaller than the incident wavelength.
### substance | particle | fundamental particle:

Hadron
* All hadrons are color-neutral objects
  - contain quarks
  - heavy particles and, unlike leptons, consist of consituent particles known as quarks
* are particles that make up the nucleus at the heart of an atom
  - respond to the strong force and have internal structure
* are particles which interact via the strong force
  - the class of particles containing quarks, that is, the baryons and mesons
* deposit their energy in the hadron calorimeter.
* interact in the iron and produce showers that are detected by scintillators.
* is the name given to subatomic particles, such as protons and neutrons.
+ Baryon: Subatomic particles
  * Baryons are part of a larger collection of subatomic compounds called Hadrons. Hadrons are simply particles made of quarks. The other type of Hadron is called a meson.

### substance | particle | fundamental particle:

Positron
* Most positrons annihilate with two gamma quanta sent out in opposite directions.
* annihilate with electrons, their antiparticles.
* are also stable particles
  - emitted during certain kinds of radioactive decay
  - the antiparticle of electrons
* can come from a number of sources.
* fundamental particle
* have distinct north magnetic polarity and electrons have distinct south magnetic polarity
  - the same mass as electrons but the opposite charge
* occurring in cosmic-ray showers exist only briefly.
* produce x-rays by annihilation.

Gas particle
* have energy
  - enough energy
* have high energy
  - kinetic energy
### substance | particle | grain | millet:

Finger millet
* has the highest calcium content among all the foodgrains.
* smaller grass, adapted to more humid growing conditions.

### substance | particle | grain:

Plastid
* Most plastids contain green color matter
* Some plastids contain chlorophyll.
* Some plastids contain green chlorophyll
  - pigment chlorophyll
  - trap solar energy
* are a class of organelles that includes chloroplasts
  - another distinct feature of plant cells
  - chambers found in plant cells
  - core components of photosynthesis in plants and algae
  - found only in plants and protists
  - granules
  - membrane bound organelles in the cytoplasm
  - multicopy organelles, and their genomes are present in multiple copies per plastid
  - one of the many different types of organelles in the cell
* are the most characteristic organelles of plants
  - photosynthetic organelles of plants and algae
  - place where photosynthesis occurs
  - site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell
  - thought to have originated from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria
* form small colorless bodies called proplastids.
* have an additional internal membrane system, the thylakoid system
  - distinct and specialized metabolisms and structures
* have their own circular DNA that replicates and is similar to present day procaryotes
  - system for signalling of genetic information and gene expression
  - thylakoid membranes in groups of three
* manufacture food through photosynthesis.
* typically possess a girdle lamella and a periplastidal endoplasmic reticulum.
+ Plastid, Genetics and evolution: Botany :: Organelles
  * Plastids are one of the many different types of organelles in the cell. In endosymbiont theory, plastids originated as cyanobacteria.
### substance | particle | grain | plastid:

Chromoplast
* are found commonly in flowers and fruits.
* are red, orange or yellow coloured plastids
  - yellow or orange in hue due to the cartenoid pigments they contain
* contain carotene and xanthophyll pigments
  - grana
  - red or yellow xanthophyll pigments in large amounts

Sand grain
* are about the largest particles transported by the wind
  - angular in shape and tend to fit together rather closely in the natural state
  - predominantly quartz and feldspar with garnet, biotite, and illmenite accessories
  - relatively large and angular in shape
  - very stable
* contain clues about their origin and history.
* move up the dune's gentle upwind slope by saltation and creep.

### substance | particle | grain:

Small grain
* are among the most frost tolerant of crops
  - easier to wet up than large grains
* are most susceptible to frost from the late boot through flowering
  - when they are growing rapidly
  - multi-purpose crops that occupy an important place in production systems
  - quick to establish and respond well to nitrogen fertilization
  - very low in lysine and wheat contains virtually no tryptophane
* can provide significant amounts of biomass vegetation.
* coat larger grains.
* exhibit twisted flag leaves, sterile florets or multiple florets.
* fill in the spaces between the larger ones, making water flow difficult.
* produce two to three tons dry matter per acre with yield varying by year and variety.
* prominent part of the agriculture in the upper Minnesota River basin.

Snow grain
* are minute, white and opaque grains of ice
  - small, opaque grains of ice, the solid equivalent of drizzle
* get angular and don t bond well to one another.

Spherical grain
* Most spherical grain has circular pores
* Most spherical grain has small circular pores

Various grain
* contain gluten proteins.
* produce food for the wildlife.
### substance | particle:

Large particle
* Most large particles have layer structures
* Some large particles pass through colons.
* are usually heavier than small ones, and take more energy to move around.
* can lead to reduced lung function, restricted breathing and an obstructed airway.
* dominate the mass loss from the nucleus.
* perform the major task of loosening the thick, heavy contaminants.
* settle quickly.
* take up more space.

Larger particle
* are easier to remove by sedimentation
  - less likely to make it deep in the lungs
* have so much mass that no Brownian motion is observed.
* lag more and respond less to high frequency fluctuations.
* require more energy to be moved.
* tend to deposit mostly as dry deposition.

Light particle
* Most light particles come from sources.
* fall through the lens onto the retina.

Liquid particle
* are called 'droplets'.
* fall in the form of rain, while frozen particles fall as snow.
+ Particle size (general): Chemistry
  * Larger objects are usually called stone, rock, a piece of something, etc. The term 'particle' indicates small size, usually less than centimeter. Particle might be either solid, or liquid, or even gas. Liquid particles are called 'droplets'. Gaseous particles are 'bubbles'. All of them can be characterised in terms of size.

Micelle
* allow absorption of lipids by intestinal epithelium.
* are aggregates of solute molecules in solutions
  - little fatty globules precipitated around the drug to protect it
  - only present when lipases and bile salts are produced
  - self-assembling structures of amphiphilic molecules in aqueous solution
  - small and remain suspended in water
* carry negative charges the bind cations.
* diffuse to the epithelial cell surface and come into contact with the brush border.

Minute particle
* carry charge
  - electrical charge
  - small electrical charge
* suspend in air.

Neutral particle
* Most neutral particles have electric charge.
* have charge
### substance | particle:

Radioactive particle
* are capable of decay
  - in the air and in our food and water
  - minute bits of radioactive materials
* can destroy an organism's central nervous system and cause death within days.

Sand particle
* have diameters.
* suspend in water.

Scintilla
* are particles.
* long word for describing a tiny thing.

Sediment particle
* Most sediment particles have negative effects
  - pass through gills
* have effects

### substance | particle:

Small particle
* Most small particles irritate eyes
  - make up matter
* Most small particles suspend in air
* Some small particles are produced by combustion
  - enter pharynxs
  - have surfaces
  - irritate lungs
  - suspend in fluid
* Some small particles undergo fermentation
  - microbial fermentation
* act as obstacles to the paths of radiant radiation.
* are difficult to measure, especially in bulk
  - subject to Brownian motion caused by bombardment by solvent molecules
  - the air pollutants most closely associated with adverse public health effects
* called platelets are important for blood clotting.
* can act as sand-paper, tearing at the bark
  - clump together to form rough edged, irregular masses
  - penetrate deeply into the lung where they can cause respiratory problems
* decompose more quickly than large ones.
* have more surface area for microbial activity and are easier to mix.
* irritate asthmatic airways
* lose their heat quickly at night, while rocks stay warmer longer.
* resonate with high-frequency light.
* slip between the larger particles, filling the pore spaces.

### substance | particle:

Smaller particle
* are deposited more deeply in the respiratory tract
  - more likely to be inhaled, and less likely to be expelled by the body
* can reach deeper in the lungs and from there be absorbed into the bloodstream
  - stay in the atmosphere for days or even weeks
* fall more slowly in the atmosphere, and decrease the amount of rainfall.
* have better chance of reaching the lungs
  - more surface area and accelerate the rate of composting
  - much more surface area that can be attacked by microbes
* known as suspended sediment are responsible for increased turbidity.
* stay airborne much longer than larger particles.
* travel deeper into the lungs of individuals.

Tiny particle
* Most tiny particles carry energy.
* Most tiny particles make up atoms
  - substances
  - reflect sunlight
* Some tiny particles cause diseases
  - illnesses
  - irritate lungs
  - pass into tissue
  - produce meteors
* are a major contributor to space weathering processes.
* can lodge in the lung.

Viral particle
* accumulate in neurons and disrupt their physiological process.
* are detectable in plasma throughout the early stages of primary infection
  - very efficient gene delivery systems
* enter a plant cell and are unencapsidated.
* spread throughout the body a.

Virtual particle
* are standard quantum physics, and are described in textbooks on the subject.
* pop into existence for incredibly brief periods of time, then disappear again.
### substance:

Particulate
* affect health by transporting toxic substances into the respiratory tract.
* also deposit as sooty residues on buildings and automobiles.
* are also the main source of haze, which reduces visibility
  - by far the most serious pollutant
  - fine dust particles
  - minute separate particles
  - mixtures of solid and liquid droplets of material that vary in size and origin
* are small particles that can contribute to smog
  - pieces of material in the air that are similir in size to very fine ash
* are solid or liquid materials small enough to suspend in air
  - particles or liquids in the atmosphere
  - the tiny particles of carbon in black smoke
* can affect breathing, damage paints, and reduce visibility
  - also aid mould growth
  - originate inside or outside hydraulic systems
  - settle on surfaces
  - substantially reduce visibility, which can increase accidents
* come from diesel, from thousands of cars running on diesel engines.
* have a great impact on visibility.
* penetrate deep into lungs.
* pose a major hazard for human health.
* receive an electrical charge.
* settle in the lungs and worsen asthma and bronchitis.

### substance | particulate:

Airborne particulate
* are a result of smoke, soot, and fly ash from factories or power plants.
* can settle on exposed food, eating surfaces or utensils.
* come mostly from the exhaust of cars, trucks, and power plants.
* enter the human body via the mouth and nose and settle in the.

Fine particulate
* are an even greater health concern than larger particulate matter
  - small enough to be breathed into the deepest reaches of our lungs
* are tiny particles of soot and dust that lodge deeply in the lungs
  - pieces of soot and dust that lodge deeply in the lungs
* result primarily from combustion processes.

Photorefractive material
* are capable of storing infomation holographically.
* combine photoconductivity and the electro-optic effect.

Piezoelectric material
* Many piezoelectric materials suffer from hysteresis and creep effects.
* expand and contract with the application of an electric voltage.
### substance | pigment:

Accessory pigment
* Most accessory pigment absorbs light.
* Some accessory pigment absorbs energy.

Anthocyanin pigment
* accumulate in the leaves.
* are responsible for the red skin of ripe apples and the purple of ripe grapes.

Bile pigment
* Some bile pigment comes from breakdowns.
* are the breakdown products of heme
  - route by which the breakdown products of red cells are excreted
* form during the breakdown of hemoglobin.
* give feces their characteristic color.

Bilirubin
* All bilirubin is, really, is red blood cells that died and decomposed.
* is pigment

Chlorophyl
* are magnesium-centred porphyrins.
* is pigment

Chlorophyll
* has magnesium at it's center.
* is essential for photosynthesis
  - plant photosynthesis
  - to the synthesis of hemoglobin in the blood

### substance | pigment | chlorophyll:

Liquid chlorophyll
* Most liquid chlorophyll have molecular structures
  - same molecular structures
* counteracts toxins, the result is that the body heal faster.
* helps to keep the bowels functioning properly.

Color pigment
* Many color pigments cause skin sensitivity and irritation.
* are either organic or inorganic.

Different pigment
* absorb different wavelengths of light
  - to maximise the efficiency or absorption
* can give different textures which in turn affect the appearence of their colour.
* respond to different wavelengths of visible light.

Dry pigment
* can be toxic if breathed.
* have little or no affinity for the surface onto which they are applied.

Haem
* are components of haemoglobin , the red pigment in blood
  - haemoglobin, the red pigment in blood. * haemoglobin, the red pigment in blood. They are also components of a number of other haemoproteins

Inorganic pigment
* are to be used for coloring to minimize fading.
* create earth-tone colors and are suitable for use both inside and out.
### substance:

Plant hormone
* Most plant hormones play roles.
* Most plant hormones regulate growth
  - plant growth
* Most plant hormones stimulate growth
  - root growth
* Some plant hormones affect aspects
  - inhibit growth
  - isolate from fungi
* Some plant hormones promote cell division
* Some plant hormones stimulate cell division
* affect gene expression and transcription levels, cellular division, and growth
  - seed germination and dormancy by acting on different parts of the seed
* are hormones
  - important regulators of embryogenesis and seed dormancy
  - specialized chemical substances produced by plants
  - without exception small molecules
* can both stimulate and inhibit growth.
* have no harmful effects on the environment.
* mediate many environmental and developmental responses.
* play a minor role in proper embryo formation
  - an integral role in controlling the growth and development of plants
* regulate growth in plants

### substance:

Plant material
* All plant materials contain nitrogen and carbon.
* Many plant materials have an earthy or musk smell
  - require some degree of comminution before treatment with a solvent
* Most plant materials come into contact
  - contain chemicals
  - provide adequate amounts of chloride
* Some plant materials attract pollinators
  - come from water
  - enter stomachs
  - have values
  - suspend in water
* are materials
  - organic matter
* contains both digestible and indigestible fibre
  - cellulose which is indigestible to many non-herbivorous animals
* forms a small part of the diet
  - the primary part of the shiner's diet
* helps enrich the soil by speeding the decay of organic matter.
* improve the microclimate at and near the soil surface.
* includes aquatic angiosperms and green algae.
* is collected in early spring when plants are dormant
  - difficult to digest and low in protein
  - eaten, especially grass seeds, but also green shoots, leaves and other seeds
  - only part of a generalized diet of insects, small vertebrates, and fruit
  - stemmy and fibrous
* makes up most of their diet.
* store their carbohydrates as complex carbohydrates.
### substance | plasma:

Human plasma
* Some human plasma contains viruses.
* component used in the manufacture of the oral polio vaccine.

### substance | plasma:

Seminal plasma
* induces a local inflammatory response in the reproductive tract of gilts.
* is rich in fructose, the major source of energy for sperm.
* protects and provides food for sperm as they travel inside a woman 's body.
+ Semen, The way it looks and its nature, What it is made up of: Male reproductive system
  * Seminal plasma protects and provides food for sperm as they travel inside a woman's body. The inside of a woman'a vagina does not suit sperm cells as it is acidic. To protect the sperm from the acid, seminal plasma is alkaline. Seminal plasma has chemicals called prostaglandins in it to stop the woman's body from killing the sperm.
### substance | platelet:

Human platelet
* display high-affinity receptors for thrombopoietin.
* play an important role in thrombosis and heamostasis.

Low platelet
* are a sign of portal hypertension and possible cirrhosis
  - usually due to antibodies and less commonly the result of drug side-effects
* can cause internal bleeding or other problems.

Sticky platelet
* can cause blood clots that ultimately result in heart attacks
  - lead to clotting and heart attacks
* contribute to narrowing arteries, which can lead to heart disease.

Poisonous substance
* Most poisonous substances produce during growth.
* Some poisonous substances are produced by live organisms
  - released by microbes
  - secreted by fungi
  - cause burns
  - damage various tissue
  - require excretion
* Some poisonous substances result in irritation
  - lung irritation

Polymer material
* Some polymer materials have high conductivity - comparable to that of copper.
* are extremely important to a wide variety of scientific disciplines.

Polymeric material
* are ideal for creating molded mirror substrates of complex shapes.
* can absorb energy due to their many molecular motions.
* have a vast potential for exciting new applications in the foreseeable future.

Porous material
* absorb sound, but allow it to pass through at only slightly reduced intensity.
* can trap molds.

Powdery substance
* cause breathe problems
* cause serious breathe problems

Propellant
* Some propellants contain combustion modifiers, such as lead oxide.
* are a large portion of the weight of the rocket
  - liquid fuel and gaseous oxygen
  - butane and propane
  - substances
* is liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.
* used in aerosol cans contribute to pollution.
* wer slush hydrogen and liquid oxygen.

### substance | propellant:

Liquid propellant
* develop the most efficient thrusts for rocket power.
* have separate storage tanks - one for the fuel and one for the oxidizer.

Solid propellant
* are stable and easily storable.
* burn at a surface.
* have the fuel and oxidiser embedded in a rubbery matrix.

### substance | protoplasm:

Blood platelet
* help blood clot.
* play a crucial role in both hemostatis and thrombosis.
* possess the power of ameboid movement.

Germ plasm
* common feature within animal embryos.
* is localized to one side of the division plane during early cell divisions.
### substance:

Radioactive material
* All radioactive material has the potential for use as a weapon.
* All radioactive materials have a half-life
  - what is called a half life
* Any radioactive material has the potential to contaminate the surrounding environment.
* Some radioactive materials are alpha emitters, and others are beta emitters.
* Some radioactive materials enter digestive tracts
  - generate heat
  - produce gamma rays
* are both natural and man-made
  - composed of atoms that are unstable
  - unusual
* can be dangerous for hundreds of thousands of years
  - occur naturally in surface water
* can occur naturally or can come from oil and gas production and mining
  - penetrate intact skin, especially when organic solvents are present
  - present hazards to human health and to the environment
* collection of unstable atomic nuclei.
* highly regulated substance.
* is transported through Delaware by water, air and road.
* is used in defence, in nuclear weapons and submarine propulsion
  - industry, medicine, and academic institutions
* keep the center of the earth hot.
* means any solid, liquid, or gas which emits radiation spontaneously.
* needs long-term storage as encased in glass.
* occurring naturally on earth in soils and rocks emit radiation.
* occurs naturally at low levels in soils and rocks.
* released into the environment can affect humans in two ways.
* required for irradiators is transported in lead-shielded steel casks.
* serve as geologic clocks.
* takes many years to lose concentration.
+ Radioisotope heater unit: Physics
  * A 'radioisotope heater unit' is a device that provides heat from the breakdown of radioactive material. Radioactive material is added to a container within the heater. Because the material is unstable, it breaks down, releasing energy as heat.

### substance:

Radioactive radioactive waste
* Radioactive waste becomes concentrated and easier to handle
  - can be solid, liquid, or gaseous waste that contains radionuclides
  - contains no plutonium whatsoever
  - has to be held safe for the rest of eternity
  - involves the concept of a half-life and exponential decay functions
* Radioactive waste is an abstract concept to most people
  - deposited in four concrete tanks within a fenced area
  - fundamentally an environmental problem
  - generated in the production of many essential products
  - green and constantly bubbles
  - long-lasting
  - to be collected and stored in clearly labeled impermeable containers
  - what is left over from the operation of a nuclear reactor
* Radioactive wastes are a growing problem throughout the world
  - dangerous to the health
  - the principal environmental concern for nuclear power
* Some radioactive waste is produced by nuclear plants
  - nuclear power plants
  - produces during extractions
  - wastes have long half-life

Raw feedstock
* A feedstock raw material
* Feedstocks are ethane, propane, naphtha, gas oil
  - raw materials
  - the materials used to produce compost
  - can include potato skins and corn
  - comprise a substantial share of the industrial energy consumption
### substance:

Solid material
* Most solid materials have shapes.
* Some solid materials contain calcium.
* are eliminated through the anus
  - formed from densely packed atoms, which interact intensely
  - liquefied by means of regurgitated saliva
* can support denser materials on their surfaces.
* is especially sensitive to shock.
* settles to the bottom and is degraded by Anaerobic microbial communities.

Solid substance
* All solid substances are said to have solid state.
* Some solid substances have chemical compositions
* Some solid substances have definite chemical compositions
* penetrate the skin slowly unless they happen to be mixed with a suitable solvent.
### substance | solvent:

Chlorinated solvent
* Most chlorinated solvents are hazardous due to their toxicity
  - have higher resale value
* are also the mainstay of the dry cleaning industry
  - difficult to clean up
  - the primary contaminants of concern
  - unlikely to accumulate in the environment
* can damage the insulation or the seals.
* reduce the toxic dose, suggesting a synergistic effect.

Common solvent
* Some common solvents are trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride.
* are xylene, fuel oil, petroleum distillates, and alcohol.

Industrial solvent
* Many industrial solvents are carbon based, like our bodies.
* Most industrial solvents are volatile.
* are chemicals used in production processes.

### substance | solvent:

Organic solvent
* Many organic solvents are also highly flammable
  - themselves of interest as substrates
* Most organic solvents affect the central nervous system, primarily the brain
  - are both toxic and flammable
  - can penetrate through the protective layer of the skin
* affect the central nervous system, liver and kidneys.
* alter the stratum corneum structure and barrier function.
* are at least as powerful as radioactivity and can cause cancers
  - expensive, hazardous to use, and costly to dispose of
* are the easiest inhalants to obtain and the most dangerous to abuse
  - most dangerous of all inhalants
* belong to many classes of chemicals.
* can also harm the environment because they are generally toxic and water soluble
  - cause surface damage as can heat and bright light
  - present fire hazards as well as inhalation hazards
* identify ligand binding sites on protein surfaces.
* vary widely in their properties and toxicity.

Solvent abuse
* is of special concern because of the young age of many abusers.
* kills eight times more people every year than the dreadful drug ecstasy.

Stoddard solvent
* colorless, flammable liquid that smells and tastes like kerosene.
* mixture of numerous hydrocarbons derived by refining crude oil.

Strong solvent
* Many strong solvents are immiscible with aqueous containing mobile phases.
* are corrosive to skin.

### substance | solvent:

Typical solvent
* are diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran.
+ Grignard reaction, Making a Grignard reagent: Organometallic chemistry :: Chemical reactions
  * Grignard reagents are formed by the action of an alkyl or aryl halide on magnesium metal. The reaction is conducted by adding the organic halide to a suspension of magnesium in an ether, which provides ligands required to stabilize the organomagnesium compound. Typical solvents are diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. Oxygen and protic solvents such as water or alcohols are not compatible with Grignard reagents. The reaction proceeds through single electron transfer.

Sorbent
* Most sorbents also remove odors, although with lower efficiency than activated charcoal.
* Some sorbents are chemically specific.
* also provide fuel for municipal power plants and for industrial furnaces.
* are materials
  - special sponges that are used to soak up the oil
* becomes saturated and sinks in oil.
### substance:

Transparent material
* Some transparent materials absorb heat
  - solar heat
* bend light.
* helps to understand the weld solidification.
### substance | triglyceride:

Elevated triglyceride
* are a contributing, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease
  - demonstrated risk factor for heart disease
* can be a consequence of other diseases, such as untreated diabetes.

High triglyceride
* can also increase the risk for developing heart disease.
* contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

Uncured material
* can be toxic.
* produces a surrounding zone of growth inhibition and cell death on direct contact.

Undigested material
* is called residual body and is excreted out of the cell
  - formed into a solid mass in the colon by reabsorption of water into the body
* passes from the small intestine as liquid and fiber
  - into the intestine

Various material
* Most various materials affect conduction.
* Some various materials conduct electricity
  - contain copper

Various substance
* Most various substances promote good health
* Some various substances act as stimulants
  - consist of hydrocarbons
* Some various substances find in body fluid
* can enhance the penetration and potency of topical corticosteroids.
* exhibit similar characteristics in how they react with other substances.

Viscoelastic material
* All viscoelastic materials including polymers show a time and temperature dependency.
* display both viscosity and elasticity when undergoing deformation.
* reveal an increasing deformation in time under constant load.

Volatile
* also lower the melting point.
* are an essential part of the process of metamorphism
  - natural compounds that contribute to the aroma and flavour of fruit

Volatile substance
* More volatile substances have lower boiling temperatures.
* Most volatile substances contain compounds.
* Some volatile substances are produced by oat residues
  - oat roots

Volcanic material
* collapses to the west producing pyroclastic flows and ash clouds.
* make great soil.
### substance | waste:

Nitrogenous waste
* Most nitrogenous wastes are released as urea
  - come from protein breakdown and include ammonia, urea, and uric acid
* are excreted by the kidney as uric acid, rather than urea or ammonia
  - in the form of solid uric acid crystals
  - products of metabolism of amino acids, nucleotides and creatine phosphate
  - removed by diffusion
  - residues produced by the degradation of proteins
  - urea and ammonia
* is excreted in different forms by different species
  - solid crystal form as uric acid instead of as urine
  - uric acid thus conserving water
* leave the body in the urine
  - cells by diffusion
* tend to form toxic ammonia, which raises the pH of body fluids.

### substance | waste:

Nuclear waste
* Most nuclear waste is low-level nuclear waste.
* are initially high in temperature and radioactive.
* contaminates the areas of nuclear testing.
* emits dangerous radiation and is difficult to dispose of.
* is almost impossible to dispose of
  - an unfunded problem to future generations
  - concentrated
  - contained and isolated from the environment at Canada's nuclear plants
  - diluted and piped into the sea
  - garbage
  - highly unstable and reactive
  - one of the most dangerous substances created by humans
  - radioactive substances
  - store underground, such as the Yucca Mountain underground storage
  - stored on site at reprocessing facilities
  - the unacceptable face of nuclear electricity
  - two aspirin pills per person per year
* releases invisible rays or tiny particles called nuclear radiation.
* remains dangerous for at least several hundred thousand years.
+ Water turbine, Environmental impact: Tools :: Electricity :: Hydropower
  * They are one of the cleanest producers of power, replacing the burning of fossil fuels and eliminating nuclear waste. Burning fossil fuels produces smoke and ash, and toxic gases such as carbon monoxide. Nuclear waste emits dangerous radiation and is difficult to dispose of. They use a renewable energy source and are designed to operate for decades. They produce significant amounts of the world's electrical supply.

Organic waste
* Most organic waste is biodegradable.
* are converted by fungi and bacteria into something called detritus
  - decomposed, and the result material useful as a natural fertilizer
* is anything that was once living
  - dumped in a landfill site
  - hydrolised and rendered unrecognizable
  - the by-product of gland secretions and the natural regeneration of skin cells
* left by one crop feeds the soil, helping the next one grow better.
### substance | waste:

Toxic waste
* Many toxic wastes can harm humans, animals, or plants.
* Some toxic wastes cause ecological imbalances.
  * are usually liquid chemicals. They are made as by-products of making other things, usually by manufacturing but sometimes they are chemicals used for farming.
* are harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed
  - or adsorbed
* comes from industrial pollution.
* is located in containers
  - something generally thought of as being somewhere else
* is the most harmful form of pollution to marine creatures and humans alike
  - nest for bacteria and viral infections
* poisons our rivers and seas.

Transuranic waste
* Most transuranic waste is contaminated rags, protective clothing, laboratory equipment, and tools.
* Some transuranic waste is stored on asphalt pads in drums.
* are plutonium-contaminated debris, junk, tools and clothes.
* contains plutonium and other elements heavier than uranium
  - radioactive substances
* is long-lived, but only moderately radioactive.

### substance | waste:

Trash
* Burning Always burn trash in a burning barrel.
* More trash is created when people form multiple households than when they used to live together.
* Most trash is landfilled or incinerated.
* Some trash falls out of peoples ' cars when they are coming or going.
* also burns cleaner than coal as it contains no sulphur, a major contributor to acid rain.
* attracts rats and mongooses, alien predators that eat native birds and their eggs.
* comes in all colors and shapes.
* controlled substance
* covers the street, and air pollution darkens buildings, clothes, and lungs.
* is garbage
* is located in alleys
  - bags
  - beds
  - bins
  - bridges
  - bus stops
  - containers
  - dumps
  - garages
  - ground
  - hospitals
  - kitchens
  - parking lots
  - pockets
  - sanitary landfills
  - schools
  - state parks
  - subways
  - objects
  - plastic
  - speed
  - trash on the ground
* is used for disposals
  - recycles
* pollutes the land and water.
* refers to contamination by bacteria or foreign matter.
* takes up valuable space and causes problems with handling, storage and quality.
+ Burning Man, Criticisms: Festivals in North America :: Art :: Nevada
  * Even though everybody at Burning Man is expected to clean up all of their waste, there is still a lot of trash on the ground after the event is over. There is a fence surrounding the festival to keep some of the trash from blowing away, but much of it goes over the fence. Some trash falls out of peoples' cars when they are coming or going. The amount of trash has gotten worse every year.

### substance | waste | trash:

Excessive trash
* can cause uneven germination and weed problems.
* is considered to be trash which exceeds one forty yard open bin container per hall.

Soiled material
* are trash.
* can spontaneously combust under certain conditions.

Universal waste
* are items typically generated by households and small businesses.
* form of hazardous waste.
### substance | wood:

Eucalyptus
* Some eucalyptuses contain poison.
* Some eucalyptuses have effects
  - moisture
  - side effects
  - kill animals
* are plants
  - software
* blends well with thyme, rosemary and lavender.
* blossom with ants having a feed.
* is wood
* thrash in the darkness.

### substance | wood:

Fir
* FiR small, independent Italian company that only makes bicycle rims.
* Most firs have distribution
  - needles
  - shape leaves
* Some firs are quite picky about where they are grown, and in what type of soil.
* always leave a distinctive round scar or depression on the stem.
* are less resistant than pines to many insects and diseases as well as wildfire
  - the short-needled greens
  - short, flat single needles
  - single needles that densely cover the twigs
* provide shade as well as wildlife habitat and food.
* refer to forest richness
  - the big forests
* refers to the forestry.

### substance | wood | fir:

Balsam fir
* are extremely abundant in the under story as seedlings and are shade tolerant.
* gets spruce budworm which can lead to wildfire.
* have horizontal branches perfect for ornamentation.
* true fir

Grand fir
* are also susceptible to the destructive ramifications of the budworm.
* is moderately resistant to frequent surface fire.
* true fir

### substance | wood | fir:

Subalpine fir
* is found primarily in the subalpine zone of the Rocky Mountains up to timberline
  - monoecious
  - the only tree regenerating under the canopy
  - very shade tolerant and easily establishes under a closed canopy
* major component of the high-elevation forests of the Rocky Mountains.
* middle to upper elevation mountain conifer.
* native, coniferous, evergreen tree.
* occurs on wetter north-facing valley sites and at higher elevations in the mountains.
* stand alone or in tight groves at the line.

### substance | wood | fir:

White fir
* Most white firs have needles.
* are the most shade tolerant with incense-cedar next.
* has one of the largest ranges of any of the commercial western firs.
  - soft, blue-green foliage and an open branching pattern
* is attractive to many species of wildlife
  - easy to work and stays in place when properly dried
  - important to many species of wildlife
  - monoecious, and cones are found in the upper branched only
  - susceptible to several pathogens
  - tolerant of a considerable amount of shade

Green wood
* is soft and easily worked.
* tends to rupture when bent.
### substance | wood:

Mahogany
* Mahoganies are colour
* Some mahogany is from Central American rainforests.
* comes in many varieties.
* is an exquisite wood that is used especially for majestic desks, tables and large cabinets
  - important source of winter forage for deer
  - imported hard wood
  - harvested from the rain forest
  - moderately hard, very stable and durable in the weather
  - one of Honduras' primary lumber exports
  - perhaps the worst example of catastrophic rainforest logging
  - resistant to termites, which makes it a long-lasting hardwood
* is the best wood for cupolas
  - most valuable Brazilian timber sold on the international market
  - national tree of Belize
  - used where concealed
* leaves gradually turning green.
* relatively light hardwood and produces a resonant, responsive instrument.
* requires plenty of sunlight to regenerate naturally.
* uses Python as a scripting language.
* usually grows inland.

### substance | wood | mahogany:

African mahogany
* is reported to take stains well.
* produces the richest and deepest sound of any wood used in the drum industry today.

Mountain mahogany
* grows best on thin soils, and has the ability to fix nitrogen.
* is found here and is common throughout most of Nevada's mountain ranges.

Mango wood
* fast growing high quality wood.
* is yellow, sometimes with orange or green streaks.
### substance | wood | maple:

Vine maple
* Most vine maples contribute to shades.
* are maples.
* deciduous species of lesser abundance.
* great choice of wood for survival bows.
* is an ornamental shrub used in landscaping
  - eaten by both cattle and sheep
* long-lived, deciduous shrub or small tree.
* native, deciduous shrub or small tree that ranges between ten to twenty feet.
* occurs throughout the Pacific Northwest.
* sends out slender arching branches in the wild.

Natural wood
* darkens with age.
* is cut up and made into useful things.
* serves as food and homesites.
* varies in color.
### substance | wood | oak:

Water oak
* appears on a wide variety of sites ranging from wet bottom lands to well-drained uplands.
* can survive on moist upland sites.
* grows across a wide geographic range but is less common in the mountains.
* has a shallow, spreading rooting habit
  - great potential for fiber production on sites to which it is specifically adapted
* is highly susceptible to air pollution, especially sulfur dioxide
  - monoecious
  - probably the most common tree, with post oak and elms in drier portions
  - weakly to moderately tolerant of seasonal flooding
* provides cover, food, and habitat for wildlife.
* serves the same ecological role as weeping willow and other wetland trees.

### substance | wood | oak:

White oak
* All white oaks have leaves with rounded lobes.
* Most white oak has edible acorns.
* are hard to transplant, and they grow slowly, but they can be grown from acorns
  - the most productive and are bothered the least by invasions of foreign or weed fungi
* component of forests in southern Michigan and Wisconsin.
* contains the minerals manganese, calcium and zinc.
* has a slight greenish cast
  - no tiny holes
  - sweet acorns
* have a beautiful gray, plated bark that make the trees stand out in the woods
  - leaves with rounded lobes and no bristle at the ends
  - sweet acorns that mature the same year they are formed
* is also denser and harder than red oak
  - classified as intermediate in shade tolerance
  - denser and heavier than white pine
  - harder, tighter grained, and has more consistent grain for color than red oak
  - intermediate in terms of shade tolerance
  - moderately resistant to salt spray and even temporary salt-water submergence
* is one of our longest lived trees
  - most ubiquitous trees, being found in every county in the state
  - slightly harder than red oak
  - slower and more difficult to transplant
  - strong and is found as structural members of many boats
  - stronger than most trees
* live for centuries.
* long lived, slow growing tree.
* major export species of Indiana.
* needs periodic fire to perpetuate because it is shade intolerant
  - room to grow and has a low tolerance for soil compaction and changes in soil levels
* performs best on coarse, moist, well-drained, slightly acidic soils with medium fertility.
* reproduces through seed and by vegetative means.
* stains well and can be stained any shade from light to dark.
* tend to be resistant.
* thrive throughout deciduous forests of eastern North America.

Obeche
* is wood
* light-weight hardwood from West Africa.
* occurs in abundance in transitional forest formations.