ontocord/MixtureVitae-genericsKB huggingface dataset:
### cell:

Osteocyte
* are actually osteoblasts that have become embedded in the newly mineralizing bone tissue
* are bone maintenance cells and are found in bone spaces called lacunae
  - arefound in bone spaces called lacunae
  - branched cells
  - derived from osteoblasts - the cells that form new bone
  - found in small, round cavities called lacunae and have thin, cytoplasmic branches
  - mature bone cells made from osteoblasts that have made bone tissue around themselves
  - responsible for bone growth and changes in the bone
* are the actual bones
  - mature cells inside of bone tissue
  - most abundant type of cell in mature bone tissue
  - permanent living cells of the bone matrix
  - within new bone lacunae
* connect with the vasculature, as shown with the blood vessel.
* ensure that the bone continues to function as living tissue.
* have important functions in maintenance of the skeleton.
* help to maintain the minerals in bone tissue and continue to strengthen the growing bone.
* includes cell membranes
  - chromosomes
  - corpi
  - cytoskeletons
  - lobes
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - vacuoles
* live in the cavities of the bone and maintain it from within.
* maintain the mineral concentration of the matrix via the secretion of enzymes.
* remain alive and are connected by cell processes to a surface layer of osteoblasts.
* remove and replace perilacunar mineral during reproductive cycles.
* secrete much less collagen than do osteoblasts.

Pacemaker cell
* give the signal for myocardial cells to contract.
* have no fast sodium changes, just a steady influx of sodium.

Pancreatic cell
* can live for as long as a year.
* line congenital cysts.
* produce enzymes that digest carbohydrate, protein and fat.

Paneth cell
* are generally absent from the adult human colon
  - noticeably absent from the crypts
  - often present
  - usually absent
* defensins and innate immunity of the small bowel.
* help protect the intestine by responding to infections rapidly and effectively.

Parafollicular cell
* lie adjacent to the follicles within the basal lamina.
* occur singly or in small groups in the spaces between the follicles.
* synthesize and secrete the hormone calcitonin.

### cell:

Parenchyma cell
* Most parenchyma cells have primary cell walls that are rather thin
  - lack secondary cell walls
* Some parenchyma cells have many chloroplasts and form the tissues found in leaves.
* are classified by their thin, permeable primary walls
  - relatively unspecialised, with thin, flexible primary walls
  - responsible for metabolic functions, such as photosynthesis
* are the most abundant type of cell in plants a
  - common plant cells
  - typically spherical to cube shaped
* can eventually develop into Sclerenchyma cells.
* conduct water absorbed by the roots and soluble carbohydrate material chiefly.
* convert it into starch and move it from cell to cell in glycogenolysis vesicles.
* function to store, support, phloem load, and photosynthesize.
* have thin primary walls and highly functional cytoplasm.
* originate only from ground meristem.
* undergo transdifferentiation.
### cell:

Phagocyte
* Most phagocytes are derived from stem cells in the bone marrow.
* Some phagocytes also have the ability to present antigen to lymphocytes.
* act as a sort of cleaning service for the body.
* also ingest dead cells and debris caused by tissue injury.
* are a type of leukocyte that engulf invading microorganisms
  - white blood cell present in body fluids and tissues
  - an important part of the immune system
  - cells that eat antigens regardless of specificity
  - important in the defence mechanisms of many animals
  - large white cells that can swallow and digest microbes and other foreign particles
  - motile by ameboid action
  - present within the tubules of the digestive gland which empty into the stomach
  - somatic cells
* are the cells primarily involved in first-line host defenses against bacterial pathogens
  - soldiers of the immune system, and provide innate immunity
  - very important in fighting infections and in getting rid of dead and dying cells
* attach to their prey via surface receptors on microbes.
* can kill microbes using either intracellular or extracellular processes
  - take up and destroy antibody and complement coated viruses
* consume bacteria and cell debris and the wound is repaired.
* defend the body against invading microorganisms.
* engulf foreign cells and other substances by endocytosis.
* eventually die.
* follow the chemical trail to damaged tissue and engulf invaders and cellular debris.
  - chromosomes
  - cytoskeletons
  - nuclei
  - vacuoles
* initiate our nonspecific immune response.
* normally use amoeboid-type motion to move toward microbes.
* pay little attention to cells that are in junctional communication with each other.
* respond to chemical signals and move toward the site of infection by a process called.
* then engulf the clumped pathogens.
* use oxidants to help kill bacteria they have engulfed.
* vegetative cell
+ Phagocyte, Professional phagocyte: Blood cells :: Physiology :: Immunology
  * Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called professional or non-professional, depending on how good they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes are neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. Robinson p. 187 and Ernst pp. The reason they are called professional phagocytes is because they have receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria. Phagocytes are very important in fighting infections and in getting rid of dead and dying cells.
### cell | phagocyte | macrophage:

Activated macrophage
* appear to decrease the growth rate of tumors that they infiltrate.
* are able to combat viral replication and withstand attack by other pathogens.
* have an important role in phagocytosis.
* induce vascular proliferation.

Alveolar macrophage
* eliminate organisms that reach alveoli.
* inhibit retroviral-mediated gene transfer to airway epithelia.
* modulate the epithelial cell response to coal dust in vitro.

Histiocyte
* are scavenger cells, the cells responsible for removing tissue debris from the body.
* predominate the pseudocyst wall.

Human macrophage
* constitute targets for immunotoxic inorganic arsenic.
* convert L-tryptophan to the neurotoxin quinolinic acid.

Mononuclear phagocyte
* are a prominent component of chronic inflammation.
* can utilize plasminogen activator to regulate human interferon- g.

Phagocytic cell
* are critical in the defense against bacterial and simple eukaryotic pathogens
  - the most important component of the innate immune attack on bacterial invaders
* consume pathogens and cell debris.
* contain inclusions.
* remove the oldest cells from the bloodstream.

Photosynthetic cell
* contain special pigments that absorb light energy.
* use the sun's energy to split off water's hydrogen from oxygen.

Pigment cell
* absorb light, and destroy the used-up tips of the rods.
* are less active so that the skin tans less easily
  - scattered over the surface of the ommatidium
  - thus uniquely attractive models for the study of basic cell biological phenomena
  - what give color or tint to the skin
* migrate into the dermis from the nerve crest.
* occur in the plant bodies of other species of Spirodela.
* originate from neural crest cells which migrate into skin.
* surround the retinula cells.
### cell | vegetative cell | glial cell:

Oligodendrocyte
* act as stem cells, producing neurons and glia.
* are capable of forming myelin
  - cells affected in demtelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis
  - glias
  - responsible for the formation of myelin sheaths surrounding axons
* fail to recruit macrophages for debris removal.
* form and maintain the myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system.
* form myelin sheaths around optic nerve axons
  - that insulate nerve processes
* have small dark nuclei and resemble lymphocytes.
* maintain the myelin covering of nerve cells.
* myelinate axons, and provide for rapid conduction of neuronal signals.
* produce myelin, a sheath that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers.
* produce the myelin in the central nervous system
  - that insulates axons and makes synaptic transmission faster
* provide a good model system for such investigations.
* repel axons and cause axonal growth cone collapse.
* wrap around nerves to produce myelin, a substance that protects nerves.

Hybridoma
* ascites production in laboratory animals.
* vegetative cell
### cell | vegetative cell:

Muscle fibre
* Every muscle fibre is made from thin strands called myofibrils.
* Some muscle fibre is part of anuses
  - uteruses
  - wombs
* are the basic cellular units of living muscle and of meat.
* differ from species to species of animal and between parts of the same animal.

Neoplastic cell
* are abnormal cells
  - clonal
  - eukaryotic cells
  - multifocally necrotic
  - somatic cells
* have pleomorphic nuclei, anisocytosis, and mitotic figures.
### cell | vegetative cell:

Rod cell
* Some rod cells are part of eyes
  - retinas.
  * ' are one of two types of photoreceptor cells that can be found in the retina of the eyes of humans, as well as other animals. The other type are the cone cells, of which there are about 7 million in the human eye. Rod cells are very sensitive to light. They allow night vision. They are concentrated at the edge of the retina, where they also allow peripheral vision. There are about 125 million of them in the human eye
* are about four magnitudes more sensitive to light than cone cells
  - more numerous than cone cells
  - most highly concentrated in the center of the retina
* are responsible for our night vision
  - peripheral and night vision
  - seeing at low light levels
* are sensitive to small amounts of light
  - various intensities of light, and cone cells are sensitive to color
  - the cells that dominate in nocturnal animals' eyes
* function in lower levels of light allowing the patient to have better vision
  - only in dim light and are blind to color
* perceive black and white images and work best in low light.
* pick up dim light, but cone cells pick up bright light and are the ones involved in color.
* receive the images that the eye sees when the light is dim, at night, or in a dark room.
+ Color blindness, Seeing color, How the human eye sees colors: Diseases and disorders of the eye :: Genetic disorders

### cell | vegetative cell:

Skin cell
* Some skin cells are part of elephants
  - necks
  - pachyderms
  - penises
  - make melanin, which creates brown coloring
* are impervious to many chemicals and are an effective barrier against bacteria
  - on the outside, intestinal cells on the inside
  - part of skin
  - somatic cells
* become dry and wrinkled and lose their elasticity.
* bring cloning a step nearer to efficiency.
* can normally make only more skin cells.
* contain melanin, and as a result of UV exposure, rise to the surface and flake off.
* form a tough, thick layer to protect the rhino's body.
* have to be flat to cover a wide area so as to protect the organism from outside insults.
* respond to changes in their immediate environment.
* shed at the rate of more than a million every hour.
* swell with fluid, become weakened and more susceptible to injury.
* vegetative cell
* zip into place.

### cell | vegetative cell | skin cell:

Epidermal cell
* Most epidermal cells contain chloroplasts.
* Some epidermal cells are capable of opening and closing.
* accumulate the highest amount of DNA damage.
* are brick-shaped, or isodiametric with a prominent papilla
  - either hexagonal or ovoidal
  - part of epidermises
  - rather large
  - termed epitheliomuscular cells and contain muscle fibers
  - the most common cell type in the epidermis
* create the exterior layer of the sponge.
* dry then the epidermis breaks open and curls.
* exposed to air are covered with a waxy cu icle.
* form the skin on the outside of the sponge.
* secrete wax- prevent water loss and attack.
* tend to be straight-margined
  - wavy-margined
### cereal seed:

Canary seed
* Most canary seeds make up diets.
* Some canary seed is mixed with other seed and sold as mixed birdseed in Manitoba.
* cereal seed.
* is birdseed
* major ingredient in birdseed mixes for caged and wild birds.

Ceremony
* Ceremonies also accompany events such as births, marriages, and deaths.
* Ceremonies are celebrations of human development
  - pageants, which are used to celebrate a person or element of faith
  - rituals on a larger scale and they can be an important part of any business
  - the instruments which help Indigenous people remember to remember
  - continue to sort people into groups by gender and the ancient clans
  - have an important function within Fijian society
* has stature.
* includes celebration.
* involves biological fathers
* is activities
  - affairs
  - an occasion
  - located in churchs

### ceremony:

Burial
* are conspicuous consumption, in that the items are taken out of circulation.
* can occur over geologically instantaneous intervals, or over longer periods of time.
* commonly take place on the very day a person dies.
* follows services.
* is part of an outworn social order
  - permanent installation
  - the basic means of pumping heavy noble gases
* means different things to different people.
* plays an important role in potential preservation of the organic matter.
* provides a medium in which to preserve the body parts.
* requires coffins.
* symbolizes the promise of resurrection by anticipating the preservation of the body.
* verification that death has occurred.

### ceremony | burial:

Rapid burial
* common process which occurs on a regular basis.
* is important for fossilization for a number of reasons
  - the key in either habitat for fossilization
* near essential for bone preservation.

### ceremony | burial:

Water baptism
* can never atone for sins
  - symbolically express both a cleansing and a burial
* comes after salvation.
* is an outward symbol of that inward reality
  - by full immersion
* is done both in word and deed
  - by total immersion
  - essential to salvation
* is for a person who has been born again
  - the remission of sins
  - important in many ways
* is necessary for the new birth
  - one sacrament
  - only for saved people
  - symbolic of that washing
* is the immersion in water
  - of a believer in water
* is the one baptism practiced today by all religious groups claiming to be Christian
  - entrance into the one body
  - outward testimony of the believer's inward faith
  - sign and seal of that very thing
  - their confession, and a public commitment
  - thought by many to be instrumental in the washing away of sins
  - thus a permanent feature of the Christian system
  - to be administered only by immersion
* point of separation, dividing the old from the new.
* public burial of the old life
  - witness to the world
* rite to be experienced by believers only.
* symbol, and is designed to picture death, burial and resurrection.
* symbolic separation of the regenerate from their family of generation.
### ceremony:

Funeral
* Some funerals are solemn, others are festive.
* also reflect many ancient customs.
* are a public acknowledgment of a death
  - about a community's care, compassion, respect and spiritual beliefs
  - an important time for expressing filial love for parents and grandparents
* are important as means of the extended family meeting from time to time
  - for the pet owners as well as the pet
  - only for religious people
  - part of life
  - rituals to help the living adjust to loss
  - the strangest compressions of time
  - to be celebrated without singing, music, or tolling of bells
* cause sadness.
* happen and people come to put flowers on graves.
* help family and friends acknowledge loss and take the first step to overcoming grief
  - people cope with their loss and move forward with life
* involve either burial or cremation.
* is ceremony
* often serve as the initial point in the recovery process from grief.
* reflect the personality of the person.
* require the body to be embalmed.
* vary depending on the culture and who has died.
### ceremony:

Induction
* Some inductions cause degeneration
  - organisms
* affects the fuel with suspended microbes and particles passing through the unit.
* also occurs because of the presence of allolactose
  - operates early in development, even before the three layered embryo forms
* alter uptake.
* appears to be in part due to oxidative stress.
* are introductions.
* arises because of the linked nature of electricity and magnetism.
* brings about cell differentiation through transcriptional regulation of specific genes.
* coils with open magnetic circuits are inefficient at transferring power to loads.
* contribute to outcomes.
* cooking units use a magnetic field to transfer heat to iron or steel cookware.
* creates a magnetic field around the container holding the metal.
* decreases when more power is applied.
* derives axioms from the senses and particulars.
* happens when a short-lived signal triggers that phase to begin.
* involves reasoning from the particular to the whole
  - the extraction of information from certain inputs
  - conclusive thinking in which general rules are reached from particular facts
  - contrasted with deduction , in which true premises do necessitate the conclusion
  - elemental to mathematics, science, and preparing for technological change
  - one of the key techniques when dealing with abstract datatypes
  - perhaps the most powerful and versatile proof technique in mathematics
  - rational, because it form of inference to the best explanation
* is the formal name for learning from experience
  - method of science
  - practice of inferring from the specific to thegeneral
* is the process of arriving at a general conclusion from the observation of specific facts
  - observing particular details and noting that the outcome is consistent
  - transient following a pulse, and, with slower decay, in continuous light
* is, arguably, at the heart of the scientific method.
* medical technique used to jump-start labor.
* movement from particular facts to general conclusions.
* occurs when a magnetic field changes with time.
* plays a key role in the aurora, as explained further below.
* probably requires the presence of certain chemicals that turn genes on.
* process by which a charge can be given to a metal.
* ranges cook food by creating a magnetic field
  - use magnetic fields
* refers to the earliest genetic change induced by a carcinogen.
+ Inductive reasoning: Logic
  * Induction is the method of science. A scientist makes a large number of observations, and then suggests a general rule that all of these observations follow. He then publishes his ideas, and they are checked in many other cases by other scientists. The general rule becomes a scientific theory only if it passes all of these tests. If it fails even one test, then the theory must be either changed or thrown out. The major scientific theories of today have been tested many thousands of times and have passed every test.

### ceremony | induction:

Coronation
* are to be found everywhere, for there are no societies without traditions.
* is an induction
  - in eastern Alberta, near the Saskatchewan border
  - initiatings
Chalkboard
* allow visiting children to write messages of their own.
* are images.
* are located in classrooms
  - schools
  - slate
  - the primary piece of equipment used for instruction
* can be black or dark green, also called blackboards and greenboards.
* is an artifact
+ Blackboard: Learning :: Writing media
  * Chalkboards are written on with chalk, which is actually not the stone chalk at all. It is actually made by factories. Schoolteachers often use the chalkboard to display things at large. Chalkboards can be black or dark green, also called blackboards and greenboards. Chalkboards use chalk, the only to write on these is using chalk.

Challenge
* are what allow a person to grow.
* come when a child gets frustrated or scared.
* is demand
  - located in work
  - objections
  - questioning
  - speech acts

### challenge:

Confrontation
* are challenge
  - comparison
  - disagreements
  - discord
  - resistance
* is challenge

### challengings:

Modern living
* are challengings.
* makes it more difficult for families to get together and to be together.
* seems to produce more dust and therefore more dust mites.

### chameleons:

Veiled chameleon
* are chameleons
  - native to deserts of Yemen and southern Saudi Arabia
  - omnivores, eating insects, leaves, and flowers
  - one of the largest chameleons available in the pet trade
  - shy in nature
  - typically hardy chameleons
  - very hardy chameleons that can withstand a large range of temperatures
* do best in screen-sided enclosures because of the increased airflow.

### changing field:

Physical chemistry
* attempts to explain chemical processes via known laws of physics.
* changing field.
* has a large overlap with theoretical chemistry and molecular physics.
* involves the use of calculus in deriving equations.
* is chemistry
  - concerned with the measuring and understanding of physical properties
  - mostly a macroscopic or supra-molecular science
  - power, it is exactness, it is life
* is the applications of the methods of physical to chemical problems
  - study of the physical fundamental basis of chemical systems and processes.
  * is not the same as chemical physics. Physical chemistry is mostly a macroscopic or supra-molecular science. These include chemical equilibrium and colloids

### changing field:

Sports medicine
* dynamic field, with treatments that are constantly refined.
* growing field.
* has many subspecialties, some of which are less scientifically focused.
* is another area served by compounding pharmacists, today
  - medicine
  - the study of the health implications of human physical activity
  - too generic to continue to benefit exercise physiology
* multi-faceted profession.
* specializes in the care of exercise-related injuries and conditions.
* studies the implications of physical activity on the health of an individual.
* very broad term.
### cheap anti-malarial medication:

Quinacrine
* cheap anti-malarial medication.
* is an antimalarial drug
  - old drug, originally used to treat malaria in the Second World War
  - primarily in the treatment of giardiasis, covered below

### checks:

Criminal investigation
* are checks
  - law enforcement
* involve a variety of scientific fields and complex instrumentation.

Chelate
* Some chelates are also mixed with water and poured over the soil and taken up through the roots.
* also appear in concentrated powder forms, as well.
* are generally the most soluble and plant- available form.
* help keep iron from binding to soil particles for a period of time.
* prevent phosphate precipitation of iron.

Chemical bonding
* are chemical reaction.
* is less conspicuous, but more pervasive.
### chemical compounds | acid | phenol | tannic acid:

Catechin
* aid in weight loss.
* also appear to kill strains of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus.
* are another type of bioflavonoid known as flavanols
  - antioxidant
  - major forms of tannin in tea leaves
  - phenols
  - potent antioxidants that can also be found in tea
  - powerful antioxidants in the prevention of cancer and heart disease
  - simple flavonoids that are abundant in green tea
  - tannins
* are the main components of tea
  - polyphenols, bioflavinoids that act as super antioxidants
* can function as antioxidants.
* defeat cancer in at least one of three ways.
* have antimutagen properties
  - several properties
* is tannic acid
* lower cholesterol and generally improve lipid metabolism.

### chemical compounds | acid | phenol | tannin:

Condensed tannin
* are flavonoid-based and found in most woody plants.
* deter feeding by browsing ruminants in a South African savanna.
* scavenge active free radicals
  - oxygen free radicals

Soft tannin
* coat the mouth.
* suggest ageworthiness.

### chemical compounds:

Amyl nitrite
* are chemical compounds.
* can catch fire very easily and cause serious burns
  - cause serious harmful effects if too much is inhaled
* clear, yellowish liquid having a peculiar ethereal, fruity odour
  - that is sold in a cloth-covered, sealed bulb
* comes in ampoules that resemble some types of smelling salts.
* dilates blood vessels, easing the heart's work.
* is extremely flammable
  - used in the treatment of asthma and epileptic convulsions as an antispasmodic
  - useful only in a closed positive pressure respiratory system
* specific antidote.

### chemical compounds | carbohydrate | monosaccharide | glucose:

Blood glucose
* Some blood glucose leads to diseases.
* can also become elevated after exercise as a result of insulin deficiency.
* is clearly an important marker for morbidity and mortality
  - measured from a blood sample
  - most likely to be high first thing in the morning
  - nearly always normal or only slightly elevated
  - only one analyte that can be monitored noninvasively
  - replenished from liver glycogen stores
  - taken up by muscle
  - the substance that feeds our cells
  - used by muscles to replace the glycogen
* regulates growth hormone.
* stays in the blood instead of going into the cells.

### chemical compounds | carbohydrate | monosaccharide | glucose:

Excess glucose
* is converted into glycogen, which is reserve food.
* is converted to fat by the liver and adipose cells
  - glycogen for storage by the liver and skeletal muscles after meals
  - triglyceride for energy storage
* is stored as body fat
  - fat the body
  - starch or sucrose
  - by the liver as glycogen which can be released as it is needed
  - in the liver and muscles in a form called glycogen
* passes through the kidneys, causing frequent urination and increased thirst.
* produced during photosynthesis is stored as starch.
* stimulates the fat enzyme, lipoprotein lipase.

Glucose oxidase
* catalyzes the oxidation of glucose by oxygen according to the following equation.
* has application in oxidation reactions.
### chemical compounds | carbohydrate | polysaccharide | cellulose:

Pectin
* also form gels under certain conditions.
* are chemicals related to carbohydrates and are found in fruits and vegetables.
* are components of intercellular spaces in higher plants
  - the middle lamella and the matrix phase of the primary cell wall
  - predominant in the middle lamella, the layer between neighbouring cells
  - present in all plant cells and in the outer skin and rind of fruits and vegetables
  - unique and complicated types of fiber
  - what are commonly used to produce jellies
* can ferment in the rumen as rapidly as starch, but they form acetate rather than propionate.
* is cellulose.
* operate by binding with bile acids, thereby decreasing cholesterol and fat absorption.
* readily hold water in an interconnecting network.

Wood fiber
* contain complex hydrocarbon molecules.
* is cellulose
  - digested by symbiotic flagellates in the gut
  - mostly cellulose, that is, very long sugar molecules
  - used more efficiently in osb
  - wood fiber
* turn into non-toxic dirt and enrich the soil as they decompose.

### chemical compounds | carbohydrate | polysaccharide | starch:

Corn starch
* Gives many Chinese dishes and sauces their familiar textures.
* can help keep the area cool and dry.
* has twice the thickening power of flour.
* is available at most markets and is used extensively in cooking
  - good for rashes
  - the white powder that is used as a thickening agent in many Asian sauces
* is used in a variety of food processing and industrial applications
  - aspirin, antibiotics, chewing gum, cosmetics and many bakery products
* reduces friction and can be used at diaper changes to prevent diaper rash.

Resistant starch
* Some resistant starches promote fat oxidation
* is also important in bowel health
  - starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine of healthy individuals

### chemical compounds:

Carbonate
* More carbonate is thus in solution as bicarbonate.
* Most carbonates are secondary in origin, and react with HCl.
* accumulate in the soils.
* also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids, e.g., hydrochloric acid.
* are absent even below the solum
  - in the solum
  - commone to many soils, but are easily weathered
  - generally in the form of concretions or soft accumulations
* are in some pedons
  - the lower part of some pedons
* are present in most pedons
  - solvents which can be used in many different ways
* are the most important chemical sediments
  - second most common group of rock-forming minerals is the carbonates
* can neutralize stomach acid resulting in a failure to absorb tininerals.
* is chemical compounds
  - of major importance in apatite because it very significantly increases solubility
  - salt
* resist increases in mash acidity by neutralizing acids as they are formed.
* serve as a buffer for pH in water.
* tend to be brittle, many have rhombohedral cleavage, and all react with acid.
* usually decrease with depth and are absent in some pedons.
### chemical compounds | salt | halide | fluoride:

Excess fluoride
* can cause staining and mottling of the teeth.
* causes degeneration of the teeth.

Hydrogen fluoride
* Most hydrogen fluoride released into the air by natural sources comes from volcanoes.
* is fluoride

Several fluoride
* are found in the earth, though.
+ Fluorine, Occurrence: Nonmetals :: Halogens
  * Several fluorides are found in the earth, though. When calcium phosphate is reacted with sulfuric acid to make phosphoric acid, some hydrofluoric acid is produced. Also, fluorite can be reacted with sulfuric acid to make hydrofluoric acid. Is a luiquid of fluoride U. Fluorine naturally occurs on the earths' crust in rocks, coal and clay.

### chemical compounds | salt | halide | fluoride:

Sodium fluoride
* compound that has many industrial uses.
* is added to most public drinking water
  - prevent tooth decay
  - public water supplies in carefully regulated, nontoxic amounts
  - an active ingredient in anti-caries mouth washes
  - another nonhormonal approach to the prevention of and therapy for osteoporosis
  - employed as an insecticide
  - inorganic compounds
  - ionic compounds
  - rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
  - salt
  - solids
* is the active ingredient in many brands of toothpaste
  - only one that has been studied extensively
  - toxic substances
  - white
* powerful roach killer and rat poison.
* toxic derivative created by aluminum smelting.
* vitamin inhibitor.

Stannous fluoride
* can also irritate the gums.
* is added to toothpastes and water supplies to prevent tooth decay
  - also active against bacteria

### chemical compounds:

Sodium azide
* are chemical compounds
* broad-spectrum enzyme inhibitor and acts as an antimicrobial agent.
* component of the propellant that inflates the airbag.
* inhibits the activities of iron-porphyrin compounds such as catalase and cytochromes.
* is harmful if swallowed
  - known to produce hypotension in laboratory animals and humans
  - poisonous
  - self-reactive
  - the explosive ingredient that makes vehicle airbags inflate instantly on impact
  - very toxic
* reacts with copper, lead, and acids to create dangerous products.
+ Sodium azide, Safety: Sodium compounds :: Nitrogen compounds
  * Sodium azide is very toxic. It reacts with acids to make the explosive hydrazoic acid, which also is a very toxic gas. It is similar to cyanide poisoning. It attacks the respiratory system and the circulatory system.

Synthetic dye
* Most synthetic dye contains chemicals
  - nasty chemicals
* Some synthetic dye replaces dye
  - natural dye
* can reproduce the colors from natural dyes as well as hundreds more.
Chemical control
* can backfire when insects develop resistance and become more difficult to control
  - be difficult because of the long emergence and egg laying periods
* consists of economically viable products that kill nematodes in soil
  - ground and aerial herbicide applications
* continues to be a mainstay in preventing crop damage.
* deworming programs work best if treatments coincide with the parasite life cycle.
* includes regular applications of tomato fungicides.
* involves application of registered fungicides at the first sign of infection
  - the judicious use of pesticides
* involves using a pesticide, such as an herbicide or insecticide
  - herbicides to reduce or eradicate weed infestations
  - one or more approved herbicides to control targeted species
* is achieved with sulfur
  - another way to combat diseases and insects
* is based on preventing the adults from laying eggs
  - onthe use of protective fungicides
  - directed toward adults soon after emergence, before oviposition
  - done by hormones secreted in specialized tissues known as endocrine glands
  - effective in reducing the weed infestations in some areas
  - often the best alternative for eliminating heavy infestations of grasshoppers
* is the most commonly used method of weed control
  - use of herbicides
* refer to the use of chemical pesticides.
* utilizes various herbicides to control weeds.
Chemical pneumonitis
* can be a life threatening condition.
* occurs when aspirated material is directly toxic to the lungs.

### chemical processes:

Life process
* All life process occur in one cell when it unicellular.
* All life processes are a reflection of the genetic complement of the organism under study
  - manifestations of chemical change
* Many life processes involve moving ions in and out of the cell.
* are chemical processes
  - chemical, and chemical reactions take place more rapidly as temperature rises
  - the basic functions performed by living organisms to survive on earth
* involve oxidation-reduction reactions.
* operate most efficiently within a narrow temperature range.

Chemical property
* Chemical properties are intermediate between rhenium and manganese
  - often hard to observe
  - only observable during a chemical reaction
  - properties that do change the nature of matter
  - the characteristics that describe the composition of matter
  - virtually identical for all isotopes of a given element
  - deal with how one chemical reacts with another
* Chemical properties describe how a substance can change into other new substances
  - changes into a new substance
  - influence chemical reactions which supply nutrients to plants
  - involve reacting with another substance
  - show the potential of matter to go through some chemical changes or reaction

Chemical prussian blue
* Prussian blue chemical compound
  - is still the most important medicine
+ Prussian blue, Potential use in computer storage: Colors
  * Prussian blue is a chemical compound. One of the chemical elements in this compound is iron.

### chemical rockets:

Hybrid rocket
* are chemical rockets.
* use a solid fuel and a liquid oxidizer.
* utilize safe, non-toxic and storable fuels.

### chemical substances:

Hazardous chemical
* Many hazardous chemicals are metabolized into reactive electrophilic forms by the human body
  - can destroy the bacterial action in the septic system and drainfield
* Some hazardous chemicals cause pollution.
* are chemical substances
  - chemicals which have physical hazards or health hazards
* can hurt the delicate lung tissues, making it harder to breathe.
* endanger the environment by contaminating our groundwater, lakes and oceans
  - health and safety of swimmers and marine life
* means any chemical which physical hazard or a health hazard.
* require that employees follow special procedures for handling and storage.
* seep into water sources from previously buried dumping grounds.
Chimera
* are hybrid animals made with the genes of different species
  - imagination
  - three headed creatures that shoot fire from all three heads, damaging a wide area
* creature that is part lion, part goat, and part snake.
* fire-breathing monster with the head of a lion.
* is imagination
* result from an embryo that mosaic of original cells and engineered cells.
* teaches a concept of self-defense which gives women the means to defend themselves.

Chloride
* Most chloride conducts electricity.
* Some chloride affects capacity
  - exists as crystal
  - has carbon
  - is produced by reaction.
  * It occurs when chlorine gets reduced, gaining an electrons and becoming an ion. Chloride is necessary for life. It is normally found in the salt sodium chloride, which is very common in diets
* also contribute to permanent hardness.
* can accumulate with long term use of sodium hypochlorite
  - contaminate freshwater streams and lakes
  - corrode metals and affect the taste of food products
  - damage concrete and metal
* competes with nitrite at the fishes' gill surface for absorption.
* compound
  - consisting of two elements, one of which is always chlorine
* greenish gas that irritates the bronchi.
* helps regulate fluids in and out of body cells.
* is absorbed by exchange with bicarbonate.
* is an essential element for plant growth, especially small grain
  - micronutrient
  - ion that usually passively follows the movement of positively charged ions
  - chemical compounds
* is essential for contraction of afferent arterioles after agonists and potassium
  - maintaining acid-base, electrolyte and fluid balance in the body
  - in the maintenance of the body's acid-base and fluid balance
  - found in the soil
  - important in photosynthesis and osmotic relations of guard cells in leaves
  - more responsible for a salty taste than sodium
  - much like nitrogen
* is one of the major anions to be found in water and sewage
  - inorganic anions in water
  - two components of table salt
  - soluble and moves like nitrates in the soil
* is the element chlorine
  - ionized form that is found in the body
  - predominant negative ion in plasma
  - very weakly basic and readily neutralized
  - water-soluble and washes out of the atmosphere quickly
* modest leaving group.
* powerful germical agent, but is highly toxic to all animal life.
* supports potassium absorption and helps oversee the body's acid and base balance.

### chloride:

Barium chloride
* is added to the water to precipitate sulfates containing the radium
  - highly toxic and creates a disposal problem
  - ionic compounds
  - used in medicinal preparations and as a water softener
* reacts with sodium sulfate to produce barium sulfate and sodium chloride.
  * is toxic. Sodium sulfate may be an antidote.
### chloride:

Nitrogen trichloride
* can present an explosion hazard.
* is chloride

### chloride:

Rubidium chloride
* is the most common rubidium compound.
+ Rubidium, Properties, Chemical compounds: Alkali metals :: Chemical elements
  * Some rubidium compounds have a mixed oxidation state, though. Rubidium chloride is the most common rubidium compound. Rubidium hydroxide and rubidium carbonate are also used commonly. Rubidium compounds makes a red-violet color in a flame. Most rubidium compounds are colorless. Rubidium compounds are not as common as other alkali metal compounds, such as sodium compounds. Otherwise, they are similar.

Silver chloride
* Some silver chloride is produced by reaction.
* is by definition the precipitation of salt crystals within the solution
  - chemical compounds
  - electrolytes
* is insoluble and sodium nitrate is soluble
  - while sodium nitrate is soluble in water
  - ionic compounds
  - toxic substances
  - used for mammography and X-ray films
* produces ionic silver, a non-toxic germicide similar to colloidal silver.

### chloride:

Zinc chloride
* can serve as a flux for soldering and as a wood preservative.
* irritates skin and the respiratory tract.
* is also the major ingredient in smoke from smoke bombs
  - an irritant gas which can cause severe pulmonary damage including pulmonary oedema
  - inorganic compounds
  - one of the most common zinc compounds
* reacts against anaerobic bacteria to reduce sulfur excretion and halitosis.
+ Zinc chloride, Safety: Chlorine compounds :: Zinc compounds
+ Zinc, Properties, Chemical compounds: Chemical elements :: Transition metals
  * Zinc chloride is one of the most common zinc compounds. They are quite unreactive. They are a little acidic when dissolved in water. They make a green flame when heated in a fire.

Chlorinated compound
* are also essential to new drug research
  - essential for the production of lifesaving pharmaceuticals
* don t fluoresce well.
* occur naturally in humans and are found in blood, skin and teeth.

Chlorine compound
* can turn blue, brown, or sparkling white.
* have some effect in inactivating bacterial spores.
### cholinestorase inhibitor | parathion:

Methyl parathion
* is an insecticide that comes in two forms, white crystals or a brownish liquid
  - organophosphate used as an insecticide and acaricide
  - illegal for indoor pesticide use because it acts as a nerve agent
* is one member of a large class of insecticides known as organophosphates, or OPs
  - of the most important insecticides
  - registered only for outdoor use, chiefly on cotton fields
  - used to kill insects on farm crops, especially cotton
* poisonous chemical that affects the central nervous system.
* powerful poison that affects the central nervous system.
* restricted use pesticide applied aerially and by ground methods.
* very toxic material, but it breaks down quickly.

### chops:

Pork chop
* are chops
  - different than pork tenderloin
* can be boneless or bone-in, and they can come from the loin or the ribs.

### chosen behavior:

Responsible behavior
* chosen behavior.
* has nothing to do with the traditional methods of raising moral children.

Christian group
* Most Christian groups have standards of belief.
* Some Christian groups promote various creation science theories.

### christian theology:

Soteriology
* Soteriologies are christian theology.
* is Christian theology
* means a theological doctrine of salvation
  - matrix of salvation, or better, liberation in the sense of freedom

Communicant
* are christians.
* tend to be environmentally conscious and seek peaceful resolutions to conflict.

Chroma
* Displays a specific color of the content of the object as transparent.
* chart representing the skin color of one individual.
* corresponds to the intensity or purity of a color.
* indicates the degree of saturation of neutral gray by the spectral color
  - strength of the color
* is on the horizontal axis of the constant hue segment
  - the brightness or the dullness of a color
* is the intensity of a color
  - or the saturation of hue found in a color
  - quality that distinguishes a strong, dark color from a weak one
  - relative purity or strength of the spectral color
  - third dimension of color
* refers to the position of a tone within an octave and is, as such, repeatable or cyclic.

Chromium compound
* All chromium compounds have intense and varied colors.
* Some chromium compounds change color.
### chromosome:

Acrocentric chromosome
* are chromosomes.
* have a centromere very near to one end and have very small short arms
  - the centromere located very near to one end

Autosome
* are A. the same as sex chromosomes.
* are chromosomes that carry information for non-sex characteristics
  - determine traits of the organism
  - eukaryotic chromosomes
  - nonsex chromosomes that are the same number and kind between sexes
  - the non-sex chromosomes
* come in pairs of homologous chromosomes.
* includes centromeres
  - chomatids
  - chromatin
  - corpi
  - genes
  - sections

Bacterial chromosome
* are circular molecules of DNA while eukaryotic chromosomes are linear.
* consist of lots of short lengths of DNA joined together by proteins.

Different chromosome
* carry different types of information.
* contain different genes.

### chromosome:

Homologous chromosome
* align at the equatorial plate.
* are a pair of chromosomes
  - aligned at the equator of the spindle
  - formed by DNA replication
  - important in the processes of meiosis and mitosis
  - independent of one another
  - pairs of chromosomes that contain genes for the same traits
  - seperated
  - split in two and each gamete gets one chromosome
* are the matched pair found in a diploid cell
  - same size and shape and carry genes for the same traits
* come together and pair along their entire length
* contain genes for similar characteristics
  - the matching alleles donated from mother and father
* cross over.
* differ in banding patterns, the traits they code for and size.
* have genes for the same trait at the same point along their length
  - the same genes arranged in the same order
* pair up.

Individual chromosome
* align on the metaphase plate.
* are in red and green.
* line up on the metaphase plate.
* occupy distinct territories within the nuclei.
* provide the skeletal framework on which genetic data are organized
  - genomic data is organized

Normal chromosome
* are each one color.
* pair up to form rows, which facilitate their organization during division.

### chromosomes:

Eukaryotic chromosome
- linear, with the double helix sealing up at the two distant ends
* contain very regular structures called nucleosomes.
* have hundreds or thousands of replication origins
  - multiple points of origin and multiple termini
* occur in the cell in greater numbers than prokaryotic chromosomes.
### clean sport:

Sailing
* are boating
  - competitive sports
  - departures
  - fun
* clean sport.
* coed sport, but there are regattas during the year for women only, as well.
* communication-intensive sport.
* competitive sport combining the elements wind and water.
* cultured art.
* involves pushing and pulling boats, ducking under hard booms and occasionally falling in.
* is almost unique as an outdoor activity that minimizes rather than accentuates disability
  - also a competitive sport
* is an Olympic sport
  - ever-expanding sport
  - as much a mental sport as it is physical
  - no longer a sport that can separate itself from the world of media
  - one of the four Olympic sports spectators can watch free of charge
  - probably the sport with the longest history. * also a competitive sport. It is one of the sports in the Olympic Games
* parenthetic sport.
* pastime that many believe is only available to the wealthy.
* popular summer sport, enjoyed around the world.
* recreation that is enjoyed by people of all ages and backgrounds.
* science and art.
* sport for all and a sport for life
  - kids can enjoy right away - and for the rest of their lives
  - that can be enjoyed by people of all ages
* visual sport.
* way of life for which there is no substitute.
* weather dependent sport.
+ Denmark at the Olympics, History: Sports in Denmark :: Nations at the Olympics
  * Danish athletes have won a total of 171 medals. Sailing is their best medal winning sport.

### clean sport | sailing:

Solar sailing
* becomes attractive as a means of thrust on long voyages through interplanetary space.
* enables space travel without fuel.
* unique and elegant form of propulsion which transcends reliance on reaction mass.

Tack
* are bearings
  - connectors
  - devices
* are located in asses
  - bulletin boards
  - cabinets
  - carpets
  - cork
  - message boards
  - shoes
  - walls
  - nails
  - sharps
  - short, sharp pointed nails often used with carpet, fabric and paper
  - tools
  - turning

### clean sport | sailing | tack:

Halter
* are designed to catch, hold, lead and tie animals, and nothing else
  - part of harnesses
  - sense organs which are essential for stable flight
  - sleeveless shirts
  - tops
  - wings
* make it easy to stop barking dogs by closing their mouths.
* vibrate at high speeds during flight.
+ Halteres, Function: Flies :: Evolutionary biology
  * Halteres help balancing and improve flight. They help flies to perform their fast aerobatics. In addition to providing rapid feedback to the muscles steering the wings, they also help stabilise the head during flight.