### substance:

Pigment
* All pigments are contained in organized plastids.
* Many pigments are minerals.
* Many pigments contain cadmium compounds, often to make yellow or red colours
  - toxic heavy metals
* Most pigment absorbs blue light
  - color
  - green light
  - primary color
  - red light
  - visible light
  - adds color
* Most pigment consists of layers
  - multiple layers
  - contains compounds
* Most pigment gives color
  - red color
* Most pigment has functions
  - intensity
  - properties
  - includes chlorophyll
  - is used by artists
  - makes up dye
* Most pigment reflects light
  - pigments absorb only some wavelengths and transmit the rest
* Some pigment absorbs energy
  - heat
  - rays
  - solar energy
  - captures energy
  - causes the iris to appear blue
* Some pigment consists of compounds
  - metallic compounds
* Some pigment contains atoms
  - gypsums
* Some pigment finds in chloroplasts
  - hemoglobins
  - gives chloroplasts
* Some pigment has absorption
  - irritant effects
  - maximum absorption
  - includes hemoglobins
  - is produced by plants
  - passes through cellulose cell walls
  - responds to light
  - uses in photosynthesis
* Some pigments are naturally sensitive to ultraviolet light, acids or bases
  - thermochromic
* absorb light energy and give up electrons.
* are also an important factor in attracting insects to flowers to encourage pollination
  - available as liquids, or as powders
* are chemical compounds that reflect specific wavelengths of visible light
  - which reflect only certain wavelengths of visible light
  - or organic substances that possess different sensitivities to light
* are chemicals that add color to nail polish
  - produce color
  - colorful compounds
  - different molecules which absorb wavelengths of light
  - insoluble and impart colour by reflecting and imparting visible light
  - insoluble, and so has bigger particles than dyes, which are soluble
  - light-fast and made specifically for hand papermaking
  - much more resistant to fading than are dyes
  - natural colorants that absorb some or all wavelengths of light
  - often more intense in colonies incubated in complete darkness
  - particles of coloured material
  - permanent colors
  - resent in chIcroplast
  - responsible for the color of skin, eyes, and hair
  - simply the colouring matter for paints, waxes and varnishes
  - so small that they tend to have great surface attraction for each other
* are substances that absorb light
  - give color to plants through their reactions with light
* are the colorant of choice for many papermakers
  - most papermakers
  - only truly lightfast colorants as they are chemically inactive and very stable
  - usually metal compounds
  - very small, relatively insoluble particles in the micron size
* based inks are fade resistant, colorfast, and often waterproof.
* can also decompose spontaneously, particularly when concentrated onto filters
  - black or liver in color
* capture light energy in much the same way as an antenna captures a radio or tv signal.
* come in a wide variety of colors and forms.
  - various organic and inorganic materials which impart color
* constant association, situated within the sensory cells or in special supporting cells.
* containing manganese make quick drying oil colors.
* cover up or hide what's underneath and provide color.
* exist naturally in the tissues of all plants and animals.
* has adaptive values
  - different color
  - ranges
* is colour
  - formed within nigral cells as a by-product of dopamine metabolism
  - organic compounds
  - produced in the petal cells of the plant as the result of a chemical reaction
* is the color or pattern of colors inherent in the material
  - primary ingredient that protects the wood from ultra-violet rays
* naturally vary in weight.
* now extends the whole length of the embryo.
* occur in plant and animal bodies.
* offer great potential in modifying the application properties of a coating.
* perform a variety of functions.
* provide characteristics such as color, opacity, and gloss.
* shows blotches.
* transmit light.
* uses in food products
  - particular products
* vary in their physical properties.
+ Concrete, Additives: Building materials
  * Superplasticizers' are chemicals which improve workability, which means the ability to shape the concrete before it has set. Pigments can change the dull grey colour. Air entrainment' is blowing little bubbles in the concrete before it sets. This helps the concrete survive the freezing and thawing of a cold climate. Blast furnace slag can be mixed with concrete. It turns the colour into almost pure white and makes the concrete stronger.