### map:

Concept map
* are a novel use of graph technology to give a map of related terms
  - an important means of knowledge representation
  - graphic illustrations that show how information or concepts are organized
* have their origin in the learning movement called constructivism.
* represent a visual method for organizing information.

Distribution map
* focus on the spatial variation of features, data, or themes.
* record the approximate historical distribution of the animals.

### map:

Geologic map
* are among the most important tools used by paleontologists and fossil hunters.
* are an effective way to convey large amounts of geologic information about an area
  - important source of natural-resource information
  - compilations of data and inference
  - interpretations by scientists of the earth's surface and subsurface
  - the most fundamental and important database for the earth sciences
* can represent the orientation of a layer by a strike and dip symbol.
* show contoured depth to bedrock and sediment thickness
  - present day features and evidence of past events
* show the distribution of various layers and types of rocks in an area
  - pattern of rocks on the surface of the earth
  - types of rocks that occur in particular places
* use vivid colors to held distinguish the layers of rock easily.

Holomorphic map
* are prototypes of positively oriented maps.
* play an important role and the process is sometimes called holomorphic induction.

### map:

Image map
* Try to avoid using image maps.
* allow a designer to assign coordinate areas to specific parts of the image
  - different parts of a single image to be linked to different documents on a server
  - users to access different documents by clicking different areas in an image
* are a useful way of graphically expressing information
  - way of making one image link to various different pages
  - an extremely common form of creating visual menus
  - graphic images with links or actions associated with sections of the image
  - graphics in which sections have been linked that connect to other Web pages
* are graphics which have had selected areas turned into hyperlinks
  - multiple links mapped to various areas of the graphic
  - with imbedded hotspots
  - hyperlinks, or hotspots, that are created as part of a graphic image
* are images that contain hyperlinks
  - have been mapped to link to multiple locations
* can be a problem for various people with disabilities
  - contain graphics that simulate buttons with labels
* designate certain parts of an image as hyperlink heads.
* make it possible to have different clickable regions on an image.

Linkage map
* consist of an array of DNA patterns, called markers, positioned on chromosomes.
* exploit a phenomenon called recombination or crossing over.
* show locations.

Mental map
* allow cats to take short cuts, cutting across fields instead of sticking to the edges.
* are essential for use in everyday life.

Mind map
* are a note-taking, and a brainstorming technique
  - similar to concept maps, word webbing and bubble writing
* use pictures.

Physical map
* aim to quantify the actual amount of DNA, usually in base pairs, between two loci.
* are a key part of the technology of genomics.
* consist of overlapping pieces of DNA spanning an entire chromosome.
* display geological features like mountain ranges, rivers and lakes.
* focus on the land and water formations on the surface of the Earth.
* show natural features such as mountains, rivers, oceans, and islands.

Political map
* show how people have divided up the earth's surface
  - the boundaries of governmental entities such as countries, states and provinces
* use colors to represent different countries.

Road map
* are guidance
  - plans
* show areas.

Soil map
* provide information.
* serve purposes.