### animal | arthropod:

Insect
* All insects are arthropods
  - detrimental to crop production
  - either male or female
  - predators
  - the descendants of a group of animals who lived a long time ago
  - then in a state of hibernation
  - very vulnerable as they begin to molt
  - change form as they mature
  - develop from eggs
* All insects hatch from eggs
  - tiny eggs
* All insects have a hard shell on the outside called an exoskeleton
  - brains
  - certain adaptive structures in common
  - eyes that are made of individual light receptors called ommatidia
  - heads, abdomens, and thoraxes, antennae, six legs, and wings
  - natural enemies
  - six legs and three unique body sections
* All insects have six legs in the adult stage, no exceptions
  - their adult stage
  - legs, and all spiders have eight legs
* All insects have six legs, but other than that they are extremely variable
  - three A. compound eyes
* All insects have three body regions, the head, thorax, and abdomen
  - sections, the head , thorax , and abdomen
* All insects have three pairs of legs and adult wings
  - legs and three body regions, head, thorax, and abdomen
  - legs and usually two pairs of wines
  - to have six legs
* All insects lay eggs, and most go through four stages of metamorphosis
  - originate from eggs and develop by identifiable stages into the eventual adult form
  - play roles in ecosystems
  - possess an enlarged chamber called the rectum near the posterior end of the gut
  - start as eggs
* Always wear shoes outside.
* Avoid wearing sweet-smelling perfumes, hairsprays and deodorants.
* Every insect has six legs, has six legs, has six legs
  - that's an insect
  - to accomplish three things to survive
  - is different, but, all insects have qualities that are the same
  - lives in a habitat defined by specific physical, chemical, and biological conditions
* Identify and use control measures
  - insect pests for insect control
* Inspect the foliage throughout the season for insect feeding.
* Many Insects eat dead animals
  - fly and walk
  - insect live in snags which attract a variety of birds
  - insects actively ventilate the thorax by compressing large abdominal air sacs
* Many insects also engage in mutualistic relationships with various types of fungi
  - feed on aphids
  - find manmade structures, such as houses and sheds, suitable
  - have wings
  - ingest flesh products as larva, then live on plant matter once they mature
  - prefer flowers that have nectar guides on the flower petals
  - transmit communicable diseases
  - are attracted to the flowers by their scent, especially cyclorrhaphan flies
* Many insects are bee and wasp mimics
  - beneficial and aid in pollinating plants
  - brightly-colored
  - edible
  - famous for their sounds
  - going dormant, thus plants suffer less from insect attack
  - helpful because they eat or parasitize harmful insects
  - herbivores
  - important plant pollinators
  - indifferent to light but some prefer the night
  - macrodecomposers , which help break down organic matter they scavenge
  - responsible for the decomposition of plant and animal matter
  - rich in protein, good fats and are high in calcium, iron and zinc
  - scavengers
  - thus Umited in the food which they take
  - triggered to fly by a shadow
  - very nutritious and a good source of protein
  - attack dead or dying trees
  - attract our attention by their production of audible noises
  - begin life as worm-shaped, leggy, tubular thingies that spend lots of time eating
  - boring or living in the wood of shade trees are the larval or grub stage of beetles
* Many insects can also cause an allergic reaction to a person with a sensitivity to insect venom
  - be nuisances around swimming pools
  - carry harmful bacteria and viruses on their bodies
  - gain shelter and nourishment through the winter in a variety of micro-habitats
  - hover in one place as a helicopter does
  - s ense atmospheric pressure differences
  - see ultraviolet light and some snakes see into the infrared colors
  - carry chemical weapons as a form of defence
* Many insects communicate by sound
  - with sounds
* Many insects depend on flowers for food
  - vital components for the survival and continuation of their species
  - directly enrich the soil by fertilizing flowers, thus aiding the spread of plant life
* Many insects eat dead plants and animals
  - grass and other vegetation
  - leaves as their main food source
  - plant parts, such as leaves, fruit, wood,and seeds
  - plants, many toads eat insects, many snakes eat toads, and many hawks eat snakes
  - pollen
  - their old shells so as to waste nothing
  - exude a sticky sap that can support the growth of a black sooty mold
* Many insects feed on a variety of foods
  - dead plant or animal matter and speed up decomposition and nutrient cycling
  - roses
  - salmon, and then become food for juvenile salmon
* Many insects feed on the blood of animals
  - nectar of the flowers
  - primarily on just one genus, or even species, of plant
  - within plant tissue during a part or all of their destructive stages
  - form a cocoon of silk or other materials and pupate in it
* Many insects go through either complete or incomplete metamorphosis
  - metamorphosis, similar to the process of a caterpillar becoming a butterfly
* Many insects have a larval stage
  - colors that blend with the places they live
  - complete metamorphosis, for example beetles, butterflies and moths, and flies
  - multiple visual pigments
  - natural enemies which provide some control
  - one or two pairs of wings that attach to the dorsal side of the thorax
  - respiratory siphons
  - teeth, ridges on the head or other structures to help tear open pupa or cocoon
  - the ability to harm people, and many insects look very menacing
* Many insects have wings and almost all have feelers or antennae
  - that can change color
  - wings, but arachnids have no wings
  - hear with their hair
* Many insects hibernate as adults
  - in holes in dead wood
  - including mosquitoes survive temperatures below freezing in Alaska
  - increase in numbers with the availability of food
  - live in lawns and turf
* Many insects live in the rainforests along with large mammals llike gorillas and jaguars
  - shrub layer such as scorpions , beetles and tarantulas
  - water as immatures and then move to terrestrial habitats as adults
* Many insects live inside of developing galls
  - things, such as rolled leaves, flowers, rotten wild, mushrooms, etc
  - there and provide important food for fish, birds, amphibians, and other animals
  - love rich, dark colors
  - mate only once in a lifetime
  - merely rest on the plant and are neither pests nor beneficial
  - occur in rice, but few can be considered pests
  - only enjoy one type of plant
* Many insects pass the winter in the egg stage
  - the pupa stage, and the imago emerges in the spring
  - perform routines or rituals to attract a mate
  - play a beneficial role for plants in the landscape
  - pollinate plants
  - possess globular outpocketings in the anterior region of the midgut, termed ceca
* Many insects regulate spiracle opening in response to respiratory requirements
  - their life cycle stages by measuring day length
  - remain in the egg or larval stage
  - resemble others insects in shape, color and even sound
  - seem to disappear after a frost
  - share similar mouthparts as the dragonfly
  - show an adaptation to the island conditions by reduced wings
* Many insects spend the majority of their lives in the immature stages of development
  - winter in protected locations such as the soil or within plant material
  - start their lives in water and then move out of the water as they mature
  - stat their lives in water and then move out of the water as they mature
  - successfully pass the winter as immature larvae
  - suck the juices of plants, much to the dismay of gardeners and farmers
  - surely fly faster, but their airspeeds have yet to be studied with modern methods
* Many insects survive the winter in the egg stage
  - unfavorable conditions in the state of diapause
  - take advantage of the napping larva's large nest and move in
* Many insects thrive in dusty, dirty, dark environments
  - warm moist soil, and regular watering encourages their survival
  - try to camouflage their features, to avoid being found by birds or other predators
* Many insects undergo a complex metamorphosis during their life cycle
  - similar series of molts during their development
  - periods of reduced metabolic activity called diapause
* Many insects use UV light to see and maneuver
  - a sex determination system based on the number of sex chromosomes
  - displays or dancing to entice females to mate
  - extensive courtship rituals to choose their sexual partners
  - their antennae to feel their surroundings
  - visit flowers to collect pollen and nectar as food
* More insects increase herbivory.
* Most Insects are highly susceptible to pyrethrum at low concentrations
  - insects adapt to life
* Most insects affect landscape trees
* Most insects also have two antennae and two sets of wings
  - wings and a pair of antennae
  - appear in colonies
* Most insects are able to synthesize fat-soluble vitamins from other nutrients in their diet
  - beneficial to humans
  - dead or dormant
  - easier to control at the infant stage
  - either outwardly beneficial or harmless
  - essential in our ecosystems
* Most insects are harmless and pose no threat
  - or actually beneficial
* Most insects are helpful to humans
  - plants, and are also a food source for birds
  - high in nutritional content, like grasshoppers
  - highly susceptible to pyrethrin at very low concentrations
* Most insects are inside habitats
  - worlds
  - less than one centimetre long
* Most insects are located in environments
  - ground
  - islands
  - nature
  - on earth
  - member of families
  - oviparous, but some are ovoviparous and give birth to live young
  - small - less than a fourth of an inch long
  - small, therefore requiring only a minimal amount of space and care
  - solitary and come together only briefly for mating
  - associated with the living saguaro do little damage to the cactus
  - attack ash trees
  - attract bats
  - bear sensory organs, such as bristles, over the cuticle of the body
* Most insects become agricultural pests
* Most insects belong to families
  - phyla
  - can orient in relation to the wind whilst airborne
* Most insects carry bacteria
  - pathogen
  - plant pathogen
  - catch food
* Most insects cause damage for just a short time each year
  - problems
  - chew holes
  - completely change their size, shape and colour as they go through their life cycle
* Most insects consume blood meals
  - contain meat
  - damage mature fruit
* Most insects depend on colonies
* Most insects destroy crops
  - fields
  - pot plants
  - die in intense heat or cold
  - do damage
* Most insects eat aphids
  - green plants
* Most insects eat leafy green plants
  - vegetables
* Most insects emerge from eggs
  - pupas
* Most insects enter colonies
  - gardens
  - kitchens
  - nests
  - exhibit resistance
  - feed in leaves
* Most insects feed on aphids
  - corn plants
  - hollies
  - milkweeds
  - plants, causing much damage to agricultural products
  - find in habitats
* Most insects find on many other plants
  - peppermint plants
* Most insects fly over rivers
  - surfaces
  - wetland
  - fold their wings when at rest
* Most insects get meals
* Most insects give birth to insects
  - offspring
* Most insects go through complete metamorphosis, which involves a resting stage
  - developmental stages
  - either complete metamorphosis or incomplete metamorphosis
  - larval stages
  - nymph stages
  - precise developmental stages
  - simple metamorphosis
  - gradually acquire adult features
  - grow in a different way than do people
* Most insects has-part bellies
  - limbs
* Most insects have a larval stage known as a 'grub', with six legs
  - respiratory system akin to ventilation in a building
  - short life cycle and produce many offspring
  - ancestors
  - annual migration
  - antennas
  - appendages
  - chances
  - characteristics
  - chemical sensors
  - colour vision
  - duties
  - exoskeletons
  - external mouthparts
  - extremely short lifespans
  - few natural enemies
  - flight
  - four to eight molts, but some have over twenty
* Most insects have four wings, but dipterans have only two
  - flies have only two
  - glands
  - good colour vision
  - habits
  - hard exoskeletons
  - large compound eyes and antennae
  - larvae more or less distinct from the adults
* Most insects have long lifespans
  - slender antennas
  - muscles
  - mutation
  - origins
  - population growth
  - potential predators
  - ranges
* Most insects have rapid growth
  - resemblance
  - separate sexes with complex reproductive systems
  - simple life
  - snouts
  - the same kind of eye a dragonfly has
* Most insects have three pairs of legs, one pair on each segment of the thorax
  - thoracic ganglia, each with connectives to muscles and sensilla
  - tubules
* Most insects have two antennae, six legs, and four wings
  - unfortunate characteristics
* Most insects have wings also
  - and two antennas on their heads
  - at some stage in their life
  - or antennae which are feelers
  - help plants
* Most insects hide in grass
* Most insects inhabit aquatic environments
* Most insects invade fields
* Most insects kill insects
  - lay eggs, but in some the eggs are re- tained and hatch in the female's body
  - leave their eggs once they are laid
* Most insects live in areas
  - climates
  - cold climates
  - communities
  - overhang grass
  - patches
  - temperate regions
  - woodlands
* Most insects live on planets
  - proteins
  - look like bugs
* Most insects make colonies
  - mate with insects
  - move legs
* Most insects occur in colonies
  - perform tasks
  - pick up viruses
* Most insects pollinate cycads
  - landscape plants
  - many landscape plants
* Most insects possess a tubular digestive tract that is somewhat coiled
  - abdominal appendages
  - esophagi
  - genes
  - jaws
  - slender legs
  - stout legs
* Most insects possess wings as adults, also attached to the thorax
  - during at least part of their life cycles
* Most insects prefer habitats
  - humid places
  - shadowy, well-protected places to make their nest
* Most insects produce food
* Most insects provide food
  - release noxious compounds
  - rely on plants
* Most insects reproduce sexually, although some insects, like aphids, can reproduce asexually
  - the aphids are a notable exception
* Most insects require balance diets
  - fresh food
  - special diets
* Most insects resemble aphids
  - rest on gardens
* Most insects seek food
  - serve as pests
  - shake heads
  - share earth
  - shed exoskeletons
* Most insects sit in wood
  - on limbs
  - spend the winter in larval form
* Most insects spread bacteria
* Most insects suck fluid
* Most insects survive conditions
  - dry conditions
  - swim in water
* Most insects take flight
  - in sufficient water with the food they eat
* Most insects thrive in Africa
  - groups
* Most insects transmit parasites
  - undergo development
* Most insects use a method that creates a spiralling leading edge vortex
  - powerful jaws
  - respiration
* Most insects visit flowers
  - scent flowers
  - walk on feet
* Some insect go one step further and macerate prey before feeding
  - produce softening secretions just before emergence to break down the cocoon
  - ventilate their gills by selecting a microhabitat where water is flowing
* Some insects actually emit sounds in response to bat calls
  - inject toxins to make the gall tissue grow faster
  - serve a beneficial purpose
  - adapt to environments
* Some insects affect corn
* Some insects also carry disease, such as West Nile virus
  - cause damage that appears like a leaf spot disease
  - leave large, very obvious wads of pitch on the trunk
  - lurk in or around flowers to prey on adult butterflies
  - use it as an antifreeze protectant
* Some insects appear in England
  - books
  - fossils
* Some insects are able to distinguish colors
  - extract ions from very dilute solutions
  - actually poisonous to fish
  - attracted more to certain flowers than to others
  - beneficial and help control harmful insects
  - both harmful and beneficial
  - capable of transmitting diseases from infected to uninfected plants
  - characterized by specialized methods of reproducing
  - colored only by their mitochondria and change color when they fly
  - endangered species and are protected by federal and state law
  - even wingless, in contrast to their lowland relatives
  - general florivores, while others are specialized to pollen or ovules
  - herbivores and some are carnivores
* Some insects are important as feeders on weed plants and seeds, helping to keep populations low
  - because they feed on insect pests or weeds
* Some insects are in danger of becoming extinct
* Some insects are inside flowers
  - known as fireflies
* Some insects are located in flowers
* Some insects are located on nests
  - more tolerant of insecticides than their natural enemies are
  - omnivores
  - plant pollinators, some help break down organic matter
  - pollution tolerant
  - primary pests, i.e., they attack undamaged grain and develop inside kernels
  - responsible for spreading plant diseases as they move from plant to plant
  - scrapers
  - sensitive to ultraviolet light and others can detect infrared wavelengths of light
  - social to a smaller or greater extent
  - the same way
  - themselves insectivores
  - toxic for frogs
* Some insects are very pretty, while others bite or sting
  - sedentary and are easy to catch with a pair of tweezers
  - small, and yet, they are endowed with a keen sense of directional hearing
  - well-endowed by human standards
  - wingless or have only one pair of wings
  - wood-boring
* Some insects attack american elms
  - harmful pests
  - the fruit, while others damage the vines
  - western juniper
  - avoid tidal submergence by behavioral adaptations
* Some insects become adults
  - carriers
* Some insects bite because they use animal blood to make eggs when they reproduce
  - breathe with fish-like gills and use oxygen dissolved in the water
* Some insects build their own houses, and some search for places to lay their eggs
  - very elaborate and sturdy shelters on their first try
  - buzz and fly
* Some insects can also see ultraviolet light
  - communicate with each other, but without talking
  - fly Some insects have antennas
  - increase oxygen delivery by a mechanical pumping action of their bodies
  - live up to a year without their heads
  - open and close the spiracles to keep water out
  - perceive ultraviolet patterns that are invisible to humans
  - provide food along with sperm
* Some insects can reproduce asexually, and some have both sexual and asexual options
  - parthenogenetically
  - rise above lower air turbulence by wind currents or powered flight
  - stand the cold for a long time
  - taste their food with their feet
  - canincrease oxygen delivery by a mechanical pumping action of their bodies
* Some insects carry diseases that infect people, crops or animals
  - microbes
  - spores
  - viral diseases
* Some insects cause considerable damage
  - cosmetic injury only, leaving the plant's health intact
  - costly damage
  - death
  - economic damage
  - massive damage
  - messes
  - permanent damage
* Some insects cause serious damage
  - severe plant damage only in the larval stage
  - significant damage
  - similar symptoms
  - slimy messes
  - structural damage
* Some insects change by just growing bigger
  - from egg to larva to pupa to adult
  - very little in form, and the young and adults are similar except for size
  - chew food
* Some insects collect leaves
  - come into contact
* Some insects consume cactus fruit
  - plastic
* Some insects contain acid
  - fatty acid
  - nephrocytes, cells in the head that also store wastes and toxic elements
  - steroids
  - control their temperature , especially colonial insects
* Some insects crawl on skin
  - walls
  - wire
  - damage growing crops and spoil harvests in storage
  - defoliate strawberry guavas
* Some insects destroy colonies
  - hosts
  - wheat
* Some insects develop as predators of other insects
  - resistance to several insect pathogens
  - dominate continents
* Some insects drink blood
  - human blood
* Some insects eat animal tissue
  - bees
  - caterpillars
  - crop pests
* Some insects eat damage crop pests
  - dead animals or garbage
  - fleas
  - oak
* Some insects eat other insects, spiders and lizards
  - pest insects
  - residues
  - rodents
  - roots
  - soy
  - the leaves, destroying the head's shape
* Some insects eat tiny fleas
  - water fleas
  - wallpaper
  - wasps
  - willows
  - zebras
* Some insects emerge as adults
  - beautiful moths
* Some insects emerge from colonies
* Some insects enter fields
  - homes
  - even have different habitats as immatures than they do as adults
* Some insects exhibit complete metamorphosis
  - convection
  - excretion
* Some insects fall into liquids
* Some insects feed at night and can only be found by inspecting the plant at night
  - nights
* Some insects feed in flowers
* Some insects feed on beetles
  - cacti
  - cattails
  - dungs
  - firewoods
  - hollyhocks
  - individuals
  - nectar juice
  - needles
* Some insects feed on plant juice
  - privets
  - saguaro cacti
  - the sugar
  - truffles
  - trunks
  - twigs
  - worms
  - sparrows
  - within plant tissues during all or part of their destructive stages
  - feel vibration
* Some insects fly over lakes
  - oceans
  - ponds
  - streams
  - straight up in the air a short distance, where it is significantly cooler
  - fold wings
  - fold, roll, or tie leaves together for a protective cover
  - go into dormancy
* Some insects go through a gradual metamorphosis
  - no metamorphosis at all
  - to water
  - grow very large
* Some insects has-part glands
* Some insects have a dramatic impact on forests
  - long juvenile stage and a brief adulthood
  - single pair of spiracles and a few small insect have no functional spiracles
  - social order
* Some insects have air sacs
  - tubes that open to the outside of their body
  - aquatic nymph
  - armor to protect themselves
  - backbones
  - bases
  - both types while other insects have only one type or the other
  - chemical substances
  - density
  - distribution
  - external skeletons
  - fearsome reputations
  - foul odor
  - greater public appeal than other insects
  - hands
  - internal air sacs
  - long proboscises
  - low impact
  - mouth parts that can suck the plant juices and some have mouth parts for chewing
  - no spiracles
  - nymphs that are aquatic , which means they live in water
  - penises
  - preference
  - projections
  - pulsating sacs in their knee joints that push the blood throughout the body
  - representations
  - seasons
  - style
  - the most unusual methods of home-building
  - their legs adapted to swimming organs
* Some insects have two or even three emergences in the same season
  - transitions points
  - very sensitive antennae which can detect a pheromone at great distances
  - what is called 'incomplete metamorphosis'
  - wide distribution
  - hear sound
  - help flowers
  - hibernate or lay eggs in or on the host plant
* Some insects hide in flowers
* Some insects inject fluid
  - toxic fluid
* Some insects invade colonies
* Some insects kill harmful insects
  - lie dormant under the soil all summer, waking when the water comes
* Some insects live alone, but some live in large groups or colonies
  - for years
* Some insects live in Ontario
  - bark
  - caves
  - debris
  - different types of water because of the type food they eat
  - epiphytes
  - grassland
  - hives
  - mounds
  - mulch
  - sewers
  - societies
  - temperate rainforests
  - tropical habitats
  - wildernesses
  - zones
* Some insects live on animals
  - beds
  - together in groups, too
* Some insects look completely different at each stage of development
  - just like the leaves, stems or bark among which they hide to protect themselves
* Some insects look like grasshoppers
  - lose wings
* Some insects make honey
  - materials which people like to use
  - up diets
  - mature or overwinter in the stems and roots of host plants
  - migrate to wood
* Some insects occur in gardens
  - parks
* Some insects only have legs
  - parasitize or prey on harmful insects
  - pass their larval stage in a state of hibernation
* Some insects play a vital role as pollinators and others as links in the food chain
  - important roles
  - key roles
  - trophic roles
  - vital roles
* Some insects pollinate bloodroots
  - bull thistles
  - courgette flowers
  - herbs
  - orchards
* Some insects possess a tympanal organ
  - anal canals
  - covering
  - lips
  - tracheae
  - upper lips
* Some insects prefer conditions
  - winter's cooler temperatures
* Some insects prey on ants
  - fire ants
  - ladybugs
* Some insects produce acid
  - products humans use, such as honey, wax, silk, and dyes
  - sounds by forcing air out of their bodies
  - protect themselves with sharp pinchers
* Some insects provide humans with products such as honey, bees wax, shellac, and silk
  - pollination services
  - reach adulthood
  - receive toxins
  - rely on camouflage by looking like a leaf or even a stick
  - require mold to be present at the start of an infestation
* Some insects resemble ants
  - crickets
  - dragonflies
  - other insects or parts of their environment
* Some insects resemble tiny moths
  - white moths
* Some insects rest on farms
  - windows
  - return to nests
* Some insects search for a sexual partner by giving out or looking for a visual cues or signals
  - nectar, some for solid food while others seek oils and perfumes
* Some insects seek homes
  - nectar to get through a period when their preferred food source is scarce
  - seem equipped for producing, and seem to hear, sounds of even higher pitch
  - seriously affect man's health and are parasitic on man and other animals
* Some insects serve as food
  - sustenance
* Some insects shed limbs
  - outer skin
  - show large variability both temporal and spatial
* Some insects sit in fields
* Some insects spare no expense or trouble to make cocoons
  - trouble to make their cocoons
  - spend part of their life cycle in water
* Some insects spend the winter as worm-like larvae
  - in the pupal stage
  - spin a cocoon or web, or roll a leaf around their bodies for protection
* Some insects spread disease and viruses to vegetables
  - steal food
* Some insects suck blood
  - survive the winter by creating galls on plants
  - take an extended vacation when the weather turns cold
  - then go through the pupa stage
  - threaten crops
* Some insects thrive in earth
  - transfer pollen
* Some insects transmit diseases
* Some insects undergo complete metamorphosis
  - partial metamorphosis
  - uniquely create retreats that appear uninteresting or inedible to predators
* Some insects use abdominal muscles
  - bottom debris to form a protective covering
  - digestive enzymes
  - dimethyl sulfoxide as an antifreeze
  - flight muscles
  - lichens for camouflage
  - sticky tongues
  - the same principle
  - their wings to make sound
* Some insects visit buds
* abound in the summer and winter over as eggs or grubs in the trees
  - tropics, both in numbers of different kinds and in numbers of individuals
  - with mosquitoes, chiggers and ticks reaching peak irritability summer through fall
* account for more than one half the species of all living organisms on Earth
  - two-thirds of all known organisms
* act as intermediate hosts.
  - many types of environmental conditions during their seasonal cycle
* additives The bowerbird searches for grubs on the forest floor.
  - relationships between plant species richness and ecosystem processes
* alone can cause foliage and pod damage
  - process more flesh than all the large carnivores put together
* also act as predators, capturing and devouring other insects
  - aid in pollination of the plant
* also are a major problem for corn production in Canada
  - abundant, as are crayfish and mussels in varying quantities
  - an important food source
  - the only creatures known to undergo the process of metamorphosis
  - attack rice grains in storage
  - avoid danger by hiding
  - breathe differently than arachnids
* also can damage alfalfa
  - weaken plants, allowing diseases to move in
* also carry pesticides
  - pollens from plant to plant
  - communicate through the release of pheromones
  - compete with humans for food
  - cope with unpredictable environmental changes, such as droughts and overpopulation
  - display metamorphosis and only the adult stage has wings
  - experiment with different positions
* also feed on almost everything
  - stems, leaves, flowers and cones
  - find it difficult to locate the plants under the protective caps
  - go through two different pathways of development
* also have a protective layer of cuticular lipids
  - adaptations to survive the winter
  - both a heart and a respiratory, or breathing, system
  - digestive enzymes in their saliva that begins the process of breaking down food
  - habitat preferences, which is helpful in identifying specific environments
  - highly modified mouthparts
  - simple eyes as well
  - six legs, a pair of antennae and wings
  - their duos
  - three pair of legs coming from the thorax
  - increase rapidly after most fires
  - infest our homes and damage our household goods
  - obtain water by drinking, and some have the capacity to absorb water from humid air
  - provide vital nutrients
  - respond to changes in their environments
  - serve as vectors for human diseases such as malaria and trypanosomiasis
  - show huge variety in shape and form
  - store their poison in their stomachs
  - suffer from diseases
* also transmit bacteria to growing shoots
  - diseases such as malaria, the plague, and typhoid
  - transport Aspergillus spores to the silks and the kernels
  - vary in their tongue length, which is sometimes matched in length by the flower
  - win when it comes to weight
* always find the smallest gap in the armour.
* are 'cold blooded', so their development is extremely temperature dependent.
* are a challenge to design due to the number of legs, wings and body parts
  - class of arthropods
  - conspicuous and important part of our environment
  - food source for a wide range of animals and are an important part of the food chain
  - great source of protein
  - healthy race
  - large form of protein in their diet
* are a major group of arthropods
  - limiting factor in commercial vegetable production
  - link in the food chain for many animals, including most birds
  - part of the diet for many fish and other small vertebrates
  - minor diet item for adult sage grouse
  - natural part of a garden ecosystem
  - paramount example of an opportunisticpopulation
  - particularly important gathered food source
  - pesky problem early in the morning and late in the afternoon
  - remarkable group of animals
  - serious problem especially within poorer countries
  - significant element in the biological environment
  - small part of a large group of animals called arthropods
  - valuable food source in many other areas of the world
  - very important source of protein for a lot of people in the world
  - vital food source for frogs, dragonflies, hedgehogs and birds
  - vital, integral part of all plant communities and inseparable thereform
  - wetland specialty
  - able to detect odors imperceptible to man
  - about to hatch from under the lumps of scaly material to form new colonies
* are abundant and easier to raise than cattle
  - include flies, mosquitoes, dragon flies, and butterflies
  - actually arthropods that belong to the Insecta class
  - adaptable
  - almost as variable and as unorthodox
* are also a food source for a wide variety of prairie animals
  - risk to forage plantings
* are also abundant in both the boreal forest and the fen
  - the salt marsh
  - an important food source for birds
  - extremely abundant in terms of their population levels
  - food for other creatures such as fish, frogs, birds and bats
* are also important in natural pest control
  - vectors for many human diseases
  - part of a hummingbird's diet
  - the most important animal in relation to the survival of the human race
  - also, of course, attracted to plants
  - amazing in their abundance and diversity
* are among the most injurious of the classes of the animal kingdom
  - successful animals on earth
* are an especially important source of protein in the diet of young quail
  - excellent source of protein
* are an important food for many birds during the breeding season
  - newly hatched chicks
  - plant and animal life in wetlands
  - source of food for reptiles, birds, fish, and some mammals
  - inexpensive substitute for meat in many developing countries
  - animals to be respected and understood
* are animals, and by definition, animals are multicellular
  - just as much as humans are
* are another group that commonly inhabit the subnivean environment
  - important food source for cedar waxwings
  - vital food source, especially for songbirds, quail, and pheasants
  - arguably one of the most successful types of animals on the planet
  - arthropods that have a body with three segments, six legs, and one set of antennae
  - attracted by odor
  - bats' main food
  - beautiful things to study alive
  - bees, beetles, and butterflies
  - best if cooked or frozen while alive
  - bilaterally symmetrical
  - both harmful and beneficial to the green world of plants, trees, and crops
* are capable of flies
  - moves
  - captured by the rapid closing together of the two valves of the leaf-blade
* are caught by gleaning and sallying
  - with the sticky glandular leaf hairs, the leaf then folding around the prey
  - certainly adaptive, but winter conditions can effect their survival
  - characterized by their ability to move about
  - cheaper for fish to eat than many other foods
  - classified as having a defined head, thorax and abdomen
  - cold blooded, so their growth function of temperature over a period of time
  - cold-blooded animals
  - collected, killed humanely and later identified
* are common especially mosquitoes
  - examples of mimicry
  - in and around buildings and under objects like rocks and logs
  - vectors for spreading bacterial diseases between humans
  - common, making for an abundant and varied bird population
  - critical to the entire food chain
  - detectable by the presence of reddish brown frass on the surface of the bored wood
* are different from other arthropods because they have six legs and three body regions
  - in a number of ways
  - difficult to impossible to identify without seeing a specimen
  - dioecious and fertilization is internal in most
  - directly beneficial to humans by producing honey, silk, wax, and other products
  - easier to control when they are small
  - easily the most diverse and abundant group of arthropods
  - easy to raise
  - eaten to some extent, as are slugs and snails
  - ectothermic and their growth and development are very dependent on temperature
  - effective carriers of pollen from flower to flower as they visit to gather food
  - efficient with water
  - egg laying species
  - equally abundant and provide much needed food for migrating songbirds
* are especially common in canned and other processed food and in certain beverages
  - damaging to eggplant foliage
  - favorable for illustrating adaptations
  - important here and black bears favor ants, wasps and bees
  - everywhere in the rainforest, and particularly in the canopy
  - excellent indicators of habitats and their vitality
  - expensive to purchase
  - famous for their ability to adapt and evolve to exploit every available niche
  - far richer in protein than fruit is
  - for the most part useful creatures, and in many cases essential ones
  - frequently the vectors for disease organisms
  - full of protein and rich in essential micronutrients, such as iron and zinc
* are generally only of secondary importance as pests of sunflower
  - terrestrial as very few insects have invaded the sea
  - harmful and helpful, but they gross many a person out
* are ideal organisms with which to teach and learn biology
  - vehicles for educators to teach children science process skills
  - identified by having three sets of paired legs, while isopods have seven
* are important creatures of the rain forest
  - herbivores, major seed predators and pollinators in desert plant communities
* are important in nature as predators, parasites, scavengers, and as prey
  - transferring pollen, which helps maintain genetic diversity
  - pollinators of prairie forbs
* are in search of moisture and cotton is the only source in many fields
  - the taxonomic class Insecta
  - incalculably valuable to man
  - incapable of synthesizing the steroid ring
  - invertebrates - they have no backbone
  - less active during the cool early mornings and late evening hours and on breezy days
* are located in air
  - leafs
  - lured to the spines by their sweet smell, and then trapped and digested
  - made up of a high concentration of protein
* are mainly ants and beetles with a few butterflies
  - problems in greenhouses
  - many colors
  - mashed against the hard palate
  - masters at high-lift hovering
* are masters of disguise, though, and it is easy to miss tiny insect matter
  - land, air and fresh water
* are more active, and hence more visible and catchable, in warm weather
  - likely to develop resistance from foliar sprays
  - or less flat and oval and around one-half inch in length
  - susceptible to control measures at specific times during their life cycles
  - varied and numerous than any other form of life
  - vulnerable at certain stages of their life cycle
* are most active during the warm summer months
  - numerous in terrestrial environments such as deserts, forests, and grasslands
  - mostly protein
* are numerous and easy to catch, which allows the birds to rest between forays
  - on warm days with little wind, they can be a real nuisance
  - of course an important source of protein for birds and other wildlife
* are often subjects of art in ancient China
  - the first creatures to be affected by pollution
  - vulnerable at one stage in their life cycle and relatively unaffected in another
  - one of the banes of thru-hiking
* are only a few of the many causes of yellowish or brownish areas in grass
  - vulnerable at certain stages of their lives
* are part of a complex and interrelated ecosystem
  - gardeners every day life, good and bad
  - group called minibeasts , which are creatures without backbones
* are part of a large group of animals called anthropods
  - of animals called invertebrates
* are part of the community of animals
  - landscape and a constant bother along coastal Georgia
  - their diets at the juvenile stage
  - particularly important to young poults
  - pivotal to the propagation of wild daffodils
  - poikilothermic - development dependant on temperature
  - pollinators and fertilize soil
  - predominantly terrestrial and have tracheae for gas exchange
  - preyed upon by a wide variety of animals
  - prime food for the pupfish
  - probably responsible for the most serious losses in the greatest number of species
  - referred to in the Bible
  - relevant, high-interest, accessible animals to monitor
* are responsible for spreading many diseases
  - the spread of many diseases of humans, animals, and plants
* are rich in protein and help satisfy the demanding appetite of the young birds
  - provide turkeys a high energy food source
  - short sighted
  - sluggish after spraying, however, and do little feeding
* are small six-legged animals with well over a million different species represented
  - so thats pretty fast
  - smalls
  - some of the smallest and most diverse forms of life in the animal kingdom
  - swept along by the prevailing winds, while birds follow their own course
* are the animal group with the greatest diversity of species
  - arthropods that cause most harmful effects
* are the basis of a growing but grisly branch of sleuthing called forensic entomology
  - lot of food webs and animal communities
  - chief means of pollinisation
  - custodians that rid the terrestrial world of waste products and dead organisms
  - downy's chief food
  - highest life forms left in some parts of the world
* are the largest class of animals on earth
  - group of all living creatures
* are the largest group of animals in the Kingdom Animalia
  - on our planet
  - invertebrate animals
  - population of animals in the world
  - lynchpin of much of the natural world
* are the main diet of the scarlet tanager, but it also feeds on fruits and berries
  - food source for northern fishes
* are the major cause of grain deterioration
  - vector by which most common virii spread
  - most abundant group of animals
* are the most common and most economically important vectors of plant viruses
  - animal pollinators, and bees are the most common insect pollinators
* are the most diverse and abundant of all the groups of arthropods
  - creatures on earth
* are the most diverse group of animals on the planet
  - organisms on earth
  - organisms on earth, with equally diverse behavior
  - effective producers of gene repairing substances known to man
* are the most important animals on earth
  - group of animals on earth
* are the most numerous and diverse group of animals on earth
  - animals in rainforests
  - inhabitants of the rainforest
  - numerous, diverse forms of life on Earth
  - populous group of animals on the Earth
* are the most successful animals on the planet
  - creatures in the entire animal kingdom
  - group of organisms on the planet
  - life form the earth has ever known
  - varied and engrossing class of animals in the animal kingdom
  - natural pollinators
* are the only animals besides birds and bats to have wings
  - arthropod to have wings
  - group of invertebrates that have evolved powered flight
* are the primary agents of outcrossing
  - cause of forest health decline
  - diet for desert grassland whiptail lizards
  - food for young chicks
  - silent partners to worry about
  - single most destructive force in destroying clothing
  - source of useful products such as honey , beeswax, silk , lac , and cochineal
  - suspected carriers
* are their main prey, but they also target bigger game, including frogs, toads, and mice
  - primary source of food
  - thirsty, too, and are looking for water indoors
  - tiny creatures in a big world
  - ubiquitous, they are everywhere
* are unable to make sounds with their mouths
  - tolerate sudden, unanticipated extremes of hot and cold
  - underappreciated for their role in the food web
* are used as a source of additional nutrition
  - food by birds and other animals
* are usually only a minor problem in raspberry culture
  - sapsuckers like aphids or tree hoppers
  - the first to arrive at a death scene
  - vermins
* are very adaptable, living almost everywhere in the world
  - few in number
  - fine instruments for indicating the biological health of their environment
* are very important as primary or secondary decomposers
* are very important to man, both as a competitor and as a helper
  - many kinds of plants and even to humans and other animals
  - lightweight
  - numerous and include four species of the abundant and beautiful morpho butterflies
  - tough animals that have adapted to a great variety of settings
  - useful to humans in a variety of ways
  - visible on soil surface after watering
  - vital to the very existence of higher life
  - vulnerable at different stages in their life cycle
  - weak against crushing spells
  - well known in various areas of arts and as pleasant to the senses
* associated with flowering plants radiate now.
* attach themselves to rocks or seek the calm of quiet pools.
* attack animals
  - fir trees
  - worts
* attracted by various plants also become food for birds and reptiles.
* avoid repellents and look elsewhere for prey.
* become a substantial part of the diet in spring, and decline through the summer into fall
  - dormant and are unavailable to most bird species
  - susceptible to microorganisms once their exoskeleton and gut lining are injured
  - trapped in the pitcher-like leaves
  - their lives as eggs
* belong to a group of animals called arthropods
  - very large group of animals called arthropods
* benefit from the early blossoms
  - people because of products like honey and silk
* bite humans to obtain blood for food or as a defense to being disturbed
  - more, and the bites itch more
* break down dead things, like plants and other animals.
* breathe air
  - by a means of internal tubules that run throughout the body
  - or gather oxygen through a branched network of tubes called tracheae
* breathe through holes called spiracles
  - in the sides of their bodies
  - their abdomen
* breed in the carcass
  - melting water
  - rapidly, however, and quickly develop resistance to insecticides
* build up resistance to pesticides, creating superbugs.
* buzz about a wood pile
  - into flowers busily collecting nectar and pollen
* can affect other living things in helpful or harmful ways
  - also affect the interpretation of blood spatter pattern analysis
* can also be poisonous to pets such as spiders, bees, wasps, and some flies
  - serious pests indoors, causing a nuisance or carrying disease
* can also cause damage to eggplants grown in Nebraska
  - minor leaf damage
  - have wings like a butterfly or none at all like an ant
  - hop onto houseplants and cause trouble later
  - move between the spines without activating the sting
  - pose a hazard to finished works, especially in semi-tropical areas
  - recognize and reject grafts of integument from other species
  - transmit pathogens to food
  - attach our tree
  - attack the plant in the fall and spring
* can be a big problem with some plants
  - good source of nitrogen
  - major problem in pumpkin production
  - nuisance, especially in spring and summer
* can be a serious pest when planting legumes in the fall
  - problem for agriculture, and thus pest control is big business
* can be good indicators of the quality of water
  - water, especially bees
  - harmful, but disease can be disastrous
  - more difficult to control under drought conditions
  - pests of agricultural crops or of forests
  - somewhat of a plague for humans and the animals alike
  - useful for estimating time of death of a badly decomposing body
  - very important in controlling plant pests
  - become superbugs with repeated sprays of insecticides as they build up resistance
  - bite through tight fitting clothing so wear loose garments
* can cause considerable damage to trees and shrubs
  - millions of dollars in damage every year
  - the horse to become nervous and interrupt performance
  - thinning or dying grass
  - come in with firewood
  - cope with salt lakes etc on land
* can damage all parts of trees at every stage of tree development
  - clothes either directly or indirectly
  - crops in a variety of different ways
  - or destroy books
  - plants by laying eggs in critical plant tissues
  - detect patterns on flowers utilizing ultraviolet sensors
  - develop resistance to some insecticides
* can fly and kite at very high altitude
  - hundreds of miles without a stop
  - into openings in the bottom of the trap
  - or be blown to the islands
  - very well
  - get lift from the wake even after the wing stops
* can have one of two different life cycles
  - two types of eyes, simple eyes and compound eyes
  - hear using membranes on the abdomen that sense vibration
  - hide underneath coatings and inside the wooden bars
  - leave subtle reminders or remains, which indicate that they have been there
* can live in a great variety of ecological niches compared to larger organisms
  - just about any climate
* can make camping less than enjoyable during certain times of the year
  - metabolic water
  - manipulate their environment and make tools, as anyone who has observed ants can see
* can move because they have jointed-legs
  - quickly from one plant to another-even if they are far away from each other
  - multiply at phenomenal rates if left unchecked
  - provide valuable forensic information in police investigations
  - reveal a lot about a body
  - ruin an outdoor trip, and in some rare cases make people very ill
  - see light that is invisible to humans
  - shiver
  - smell with their antennae
  - sometimes be a problem in strawberry plantings
  - spread disease by carrying the disease organism on their bodies
  - still be a problem, especially in the vegetable gardens
  - survive unfavorable periods on endogenous stores of protein and lipid
  - walk on windows
  - diseases that can be transferred to the fox causing sickness and even death
  - some diseases from wild animals to livestock
  - their skeletons on the outsides of their bodies
* cause concern
  - dermatophytosis
  - double stall
  - famine, infest livestock and transmit disease
  - losses by direct feeding damage and also deterioration and contamination of grain
  - tremendous damage to crops and livestock
* change dramatically from one stage of their life cycle to the next
  - form through a process called metamorphosis
  - leaves and needles
* colonize cadavers in a predictable sequence, also known as insect succession
  - dead trees, hastening the process of decay
* come in a variety of shapes and sizes
* come in all colors of the rainbow
* commonly contribute to the decline of plant and human health.
* communicate and navigate by producing and detecting chemicals
  - in so many interesting ways
* compete with humans for food, clothing, shelter, etc.
* complete development
* compose the last largest unexploitable food source on the earth
  - majority of the scrub-jay s diet in the spring and summer
* comprise considerably more of the chick's diet, and weed seeds more of the adult's diet
  - eighty-five percent of all animal species
  - half of all animals on the planet
  - the largest number of species in the animal kingdom, numbering in the millions
* conserve moisture thereby providing their predators with needed fluids.
* constitute a major component of the world s biotic community
  - an important part of a growing pheasant's diet
* consume air
  - dead plant matter, joining fungi and bacteria in recycling waste in our environment
  - garden plants
* continually enrich the soil and air.
* control other pests
* crawl everywhere.
* damage fruit
* dancing in the sun make ti ny ripples on the water.
* dehydrate and dry out within a day, leaving only dessicated insects trapped inside.
* depending on camouflage stay in one position for long periods of time.
* deposit their eggs under the bark and the larvae tunnel their way out after they've hatched.
* derive food, shelter, and breeding places from the plants they visit.
  - fruit and seeds
  - various weeds in the same ways that they injure crop plants
* destructive to wood and wood products.
* develop faster in warm weather than in cool weather.
* develop from an egg into an adult in three ways
  - egg to adult in a process called metamorphosis
  - in different ways
  - resistance to insecticides, reducing or eliminating their effectiveness
  - through a series of stages
* devour decaying plant and animal materials
  - most of the caterpillars
* differ from other arthropods in several distinctive features
  - greatly in body form and require two different preservation techniques
* display an extraordinary richness of genetic and sexual systems
  - enormous diversity
* disseminate or spread the bacteria.
* disturbed by foraging mammals are easy prey for birds perched nearby.
* do better than reptiles, migratory birds better than resident ones
* do have a respiratory system
  - hormones with their receptors though
  - retinoids, but they are only involved in vision
  - produce saliva
  - the Strangest Things
* do, too.
* draw oxygen through the sides of their bodies.
* drift along with the prevailing wind, while birds are able to fly more independently of it.
* drop off overhanging vegetation and provide food.
* eat and pollinate most of the plants on earth
  - it and die
  - leaves and crows eat insects
* eat our crops
  - stored food
* eat plants, fish eat worms and insects, birds eat fish, worms and insects
  - trash, blood, leaves, other insects, and paper
* eat the leaves
  - plankton, minnows eat the insects, and bigger fish dine on the minnows
  - soft parts of the bird and crawl away
  - various parts of palms of all genera
* eating the modified crops usually die.
* embark on their daily quest for food.
  - hibernation or hatch from over-wintering eggs
  - to forage after spending the day avoiding hungry birds
* especially are frequent predators of small seeds.
* evolve flight, including dragonflies which still survive today.
* excrete nitrogenous wastes from protein metabolism primarily as solid uric acid
  - waste through an anus, just as most other animals do
* exhibit a relatively high degree host plant, microhabitat, and microclimate specialization
  - one of two types of metamorphosis
* exist on the prairie in many forms.
* facilitate pollination, which allows for formation of the pepper fruit.
* fall into the cone, drown, and are digested
  - pool of liquid at the base of the pitcher and are unable to climb out
  - off the vegetation and into the water, providing food for the fish
* falling from the willows also provide a food source for salmon.
* far outnumber most other animals, including humans.
* feed bats
  - by piercing and sucking sap
  - hummingbirds
* feed on a seemingly endless array of foods
  - growing tip of plants
  - just about anything
  - many parts of plants and trees
* feed on the decaying organic matter
  - wood and are a critical source of food for small animals
  - plant roots as well as chewing on leaves and sucking plant juices
* feeding on plants or injury to plant tissue induces the systemin signaling pathway.
* feeding on the decaying trees attract woodpeckers
  - leaves and stems also stress the plants and favor rapid root rot
* fill millions of ecological niches because they are so adaptable.
* find a ready food source in the indigestible
* fly by beating their wings up and down
  - for many reasons
  - high to survive
  - in a sea of vortexes they create by moving their wings
  - toward light
* flying from a hole in the ground or a tree often indicate a bee or wasp nest.
* form a large portion of their diet, especially when they are chicks
  - one of the essential building blocks of the ecosystem
  - the broad base of the food pyramid on which all land animals depend for nourishment
* form the bulk of the banded mongoose diet, along with bird's eggs and reptiles
  - diet even in winter though occasionally minnows are also taken
* generally thrive more and develop faster in warmer weather.
  - out of control, so man sprays poison to kill insects
  - different stages as they grow
  - either three or four stages
  - three stages of change
* groom their antennae to enhance olfactory acuity.
* grow and multiply very fast
  - by metamorphosis
  - exclusively during the nymphal or larval periods
* harm plants by chewing, feeding internally or piercing and sucking.
* hatch and burrow in the mud
  - at certain times of the year
* hatch from eggs and many undergo metamorphosis
* have a Wide variety of mechanisms for sound production
  - complete and complex digestive tract
  - different immune system to mammals
  - digestive system similar to that of the earthworm
* have a hard time following a person through a thicket of woods
  - seeing the spiders
  - heart and blood, but no blood vessels
  - profound negative impact on the world's agriculture and public health
  - protective outer exoskeleton
  - protein content about five times that of beef
  - rigid external covering called exoskeleton
  - second thicker membrane, also called the chorion
  - similar range of available genetic options under stressful environments
* have a system of spiracles and tracheae which is used for taking in oxygen
  - tubes, called tracheae, instead of lungs
  - track record, at least
* have a variety of immune defenses they use to fight infections
  - methods for surviving the coldness of winter
  - very large gene pool and produce hundreds of offspring each time they reproduce
  - way of sneaking in for the winter
* have a wide variety of enemies
  - modes of feeding, reproducing, self-defense and communicating
  - ways of placing their eggs, often in hidden or protected places
* have an elaborate sense of touch
  - exoskeleton that covers their entire body
  - exoskeleton, which restricts their
  - extemely sensitive sense of smell
  - innate response to UV light
  - open circulation and are very active
  - antennae, three body parts and six legs
  - antennaes and they can do a lot of things
  - both skeletal muscle and smooth muscle
  - certain characteristics
* have chemical receptors on their antennae, legs or feet
* have compound eyes, which are made of multiple lenses known as facets
  - developed resistance to insecticides so immunity universal trend
  - different kinds of mouthparts
  - exactly six legs , two on each segment of the thorax
  - great genetic plasticity
  - important uses for man
  - keen sensory abilities
  - low fat and more protein than most meats
  - males and females and fertilization is internal
  - malpighian tubules, which use direct osmosis to remove nitrogenous waste
  - mandibles, un-branched appendages, and highly specialized mouthparts
  - many different antennal shapes
  - names, homes, babies, and enemies
* have natural enemies, too
* have no bones
  - immune memory
  - internal bony skeleton and the adults typically have wings
  - lungs or centralized respiratory system
  - lungs, and only a few species have hemoglobin, or an analogous substance
  - only three pairs of legs
* have several spiracles, arranged along the sides of the abdomen
  - ways of defeating the cold
  - similar reproductive organs to vertebrates and warm-blooded mammals
* have six jointed legs and three body parts
  - legs and three body segments
  - legs, two antennae, and three body sections
  - some of the most complex body design in nature
  - special eyes called compound eyes
  - specialized organ systems
* have spiracles and some kinds of spiders have spiracles
  - on their exoskeletons to allow air to enter the trachea
  - such wild diversity
  - suck mouthparts
  - that capability
  - the most highly developed sense of taste
* have their hearts in their abdomen
  - muscles attached to their skeleton, too
* have three body parts and six legs
  - parts, a distinct head, thorax, and abdomen
  - regions and six legs
  - sections - a head, a thorax and an abdomen
  - sections, six legs, two antennae, and two eyes
* have three main body parts, and six legs
  - six legs and antennae
* have three pairs and arachnids have four pairs of limbs
  - of jointed legs attached to the thorax
* have three pairs of legs and are usually winged
  - usually one or two pairs of wings attached to the thorax
  - usually two pairs of wings
  - parts to their bodies, wings, two feelers, and six legs
  - three, and only three pairs of legs
  - tiny air holes in their body called as spiracles
* have to be able to obtain oxygen if they are to survive when submerged under water
  - worry about more than being eaten
  - common types of metamorphosis
  - ventral nerve cord and vertebrates have a dorsal nerve cord
* have very poor sight
  - unusual sense organs
  - ways of homing in on weakened trees from great distances
* hear by organs called tympanum.
* help to clear up debris and decay and also pollinate flowers and fruit trees
  - keep the soil healthy and aerated
  - supplement their diet as well
* helping in pollination are bees, flies, beetles and moths.
  - under such coverings
* hunt prey.
* include ants
  - mantises
  - potato beetles
  - prey mantises
  - termites
* includes air sacs
  - carapaces
  - cell membranes
  - cytoplasm
  - flight feathers
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - skulls
  - vacuoles
* including white grubs, billbugs and sod webworms can destroy plantings of bluegrass.
* infest areas
* ingest the ova, and the cysticercoid larvae develop in the hemocoel.
* ingesting the active ingredient in Gaucho stop feeding and reproducing and eventually die.
* inject their own saliva as a lubricant to assist feeding.
* is an arthropod
  - the lupine and the nitrogen is released into the soil
* known as phasmids look like sticks or leaves.
* lack lungs.
* land on arms
  - the leaf , are caught by the surface tension of the water , and suffocate
* lay eggs in and on flower stalks
  - seeds before harvesting
  - wetland environments
  - on the underside of the leaves
  - eggs, often only once in a lifetime
* like to hang out in the protection of the nest
  - hide in dried flowers, so clip off the blossoms as soon as they fade
* live almost everywhere on earth - from steamy tropical jungles to cold polar regions
  - as parasites on other animals
  - between the bark and the vine, leading to potential problems
* live in a particular habitat
  - variety of different habitats
  - more different kinds of places than any other group of animals
  - the mossy floor and tree bark
  - warm climates, hot climates, even sub zero climates
  - the decaying wood
* living in fresh water are generally hyperosmotic to their environment
  - salt water, such as brine flies, are generally hypoosmotic to their environment
* lose most of their water through the spiracles.
* love the sweet, honey-flavored nectar of linden flowers
  - to hide in plant debris
* maim and kill our livestock.
* make a big part of our environment, outnumbering all other animals
  - good meal for amphibians
  - distinctive sounds
  - sounds with parts of their bodies other than their mouths, such as legs and wings
  - their homes in just about every plant part imaginable
* make up a large part of the grizzly diet
  - very small proportion of the dove diet
  - more than half of all living things on Earth, comprising over one million species
  - over three-quarters of all the species of animals
  - the bulk of their diet
* make up the largest group of animals in the world
  - proportion of Amazonian organisms
  - other important part of the diet, and grasshoppers are especially coveted
* meet their demise at the low voltage grid.
* molt between larval stages, called instars, and between larval, pupal and adult stages.
* move around pollen for some plants, while other plants count on the wind to move it
  - right in
* need food sources
* never develop an immunity and their breeding cycle is effectively interrupted.
* never have more than three pairs of jointed legs
  - twelve abdominal segments
* obtain oxygen through spiracles, which are small abdominal holes.
* occasionally fruit especially in winter.
* occupy a prominent place among the animals named in the Bible.
* occur in abundance everywhere on our planet, except in oceans and the polar regions
* offer useful model systems because their central neurons can be easily identified.
* often are so intent on feeding that they remain still enough to have their picture taken
  - cling to the underside of lily pads
  - finish their meal leaving the skeleton of the fabric intact
  - garner a bad reputation because of their unfamiliar appearance and habits
  - move in after birds have finished nesting
  - move, breathe and eat differently in each stage
  - pass the winter in a life stage that can damage crops early the next season
  - smack into car windshields, but the problem is worse in airplanes
* out weigh the animals.
* outnumber other animal types in a number of ways.
* overheat very quickly and sitting in a warm car can end in death in a couple of minutes.
* play a crucial role as a food source for other creatures in the freshwater biome
  - major role in almost every aspect of human culture
  - role as vectors for microbial contamination
  - an important part in the nature of our world
* play an important role in our lives
  - recycling dead plant material
  - the comminution of particular material
  - many important roles in our ecosystems
* pollinate many landscape plants
  - of our fruits, flowers, and vegetables
  - roses, but ragweed is pollinated through the air
  - tree flowers
* populate the swamps carpeted with sphagnum moss, where plants such as sundews thrive.
* possess a rigid exoskeleton made of chitinous cuticle covered with hair
  - an amazing diversity in size, form, and behavior
* present the biologist with a rich array of social organizations for study and comparison.
* probably affect humans more than any other group of animals.
* proceed through a predictable sequence of stages when decomposing vertebrate remains.
  - semiochemicals , or odor signals, to interact with one another
  - useful products such as honey, silk, dyes, and pharmaceuticals
* protect their pupae in a variety of ways.
* provide a high source of protein for the swiftly growing birds.
* provide an ideal medium in which to study many aspects of physiology
  - important source of protein, vitamins, minerals and fats in many cultures
* provide food for many animals including snakes, frogs, skunks, fish, opossums and birds
  - to other animals
  - high protein food important to adults and young birds during the nesting season
  - protein, minerals, vitamins and fats and are digested more slowly than nectar
  - the necessary high sources of protein necessary for young birds to grow quickly
* provoke anxiety in many people.
* range in size from gnats like tiny dots to beetles as big as rats
  - moths as large as bats to springtails smaller than grains of sand
* readily hide under such coverings.
* rearing as a hobby or for pets is something that is popular, especially in Europe.
* recognize information transmitted by other insects.
* reestablish the diurnal palette of timbres.
* regularly use pheromones for the same purpose.
* release compounds
* rely on different ommatidia to fix on a point
  - visual, olfactory, and tactile cues to find host plants
* remain an important food item to adults and young throughout summer and into early fall.
* represent a morphologically as well as developmentally extremely diverse animal group
  - serious threat to field corn produced in the mid-south
  - the most abundant and diverse animal group on Earth
* reproduce at a faster rate than beef animals.
  - both moisture and warmth in order to feed and reproduce
  - enormous amounts of energy to beat their wings rapidly
  - only a small change in the body temp to die
  - other adaptations to achieve some independence from the surface strata
* respire through tiny openings called spiracles.
* respond to environmental changes in ways that mitigate or exacerbate change
  - landuse features like overwintering sites and host plants
* secrete fluid
  - pectinase when they feed
* see UV radiation, and some flowers have UV bullseye
  - black light fluorescent, mercury, and metal halide best
* serve as a food source for thousands of species of animals
  - an important food source for the other pond fauna
* serve as food for wildlife, including many birds and fish
  - sources for birds, fish, mammals, reptiles, and other animals
* show the hand positions on the keyboard
  - up in people's dreams - swarming, boring, and stinging
  - wide variation in the manner in which they cJevelop from egg to the adult
* signal they are ready to mate by emitting phermones.
* signify obstacles.
* simply appear in the fossil strata without indication of an evolutionary ancestry.
* sing with beautiful sounds at night.
* sport six appendages, and dominate the species count on our planet.
* start life as an egg
  - with a larvae form and the caterpillar is an example
* stay alive, kicking, squirming and fluttering trying to get free.
* stick to the hairs on the leaves of the sundews and are then digested by the plant
  - stick saliva of the tongue and are drawn into the mouth
  - plant juices and cause considerable damage
  - the sap from plants
* support the ripening of fruits and habitat and climate have an impact on plant growth.
* swarm around and into flower clusters, and birds flock after the insects
  - over the Madagascar savanna
* take advantage of microclimates within their environment to regulate their temperature
  - their food in a variety of ways
* tend to have many different forms of movement
  - infest poorly nourished, unhealthy, or young horses
  - nestle in the crevices between the leaves and branches of herbs
  - work for young crocodilians
* test their wings.
* then multiply very quickly with the heat, moisture of the Salinas Valley.
  - almost any habitat where life is possible
  - more environments than any other group of animals
  - warm, humid conditions
  - on crumbs
* throve in their swarms.
* torment the reindeer, which become more vulnerable when they shed their thick winter coats.
* touches trigger on leaf surface.
* transmit diseases to humans and animals
  - parasites in various manners
* typically have a great ability to reproduce rapidly
  - move about by walking, flying or sometimes swimming
  - metamorphosis as they develop, changing from one form to another as they mature
* use a system of air ducts
  - variety of methods to ventilate their gills
  - colors to protect themselves from predators by signaling that they are poisonous
  - distraction to protect themselves, too
  - leaves for nurseries, home improvement supply stores, and buffets
  - pheromones to communicate with each other
  - sex pheromones to communicate for mating
  - smell to locate food and to find their way about and to locate places to lay their eggs
  - ultraviolet light to differentiate one flower from another
  - uric acid as a nitrogenous waste product and some can produce a hypertonic feces
* usually attack young plants.
* usually have a set of wings
  - pale or muted colors while they are teneral
  - specific habitat requirements
* vary in their degree of metamorphosis during development.
* visit flowers for nectar
  - the flowers for rewards
+ Antenna (biology): Crustaceans :: Insects
+ Appendage: Animal anatomy :: Developmental biology
  * Many arthropods have appendages on each, or most, of their segments. Millipedes, for example, have many segments, and almost all carry two legs. Insects have exactly six legs, two on each segment of the thorax.
+ Carnivorous plant, Evolution: Flowering plants
  * Hairy leaves do catch and hold drops of rainwater, which helps bacterial growth. Insects land on the leaf, are caught by the surface tension of the water, and suffocate. Bacteria start to decay the insect, and release nutrients from the corpse. The plant then absorbs the nutrients through its leaves. This 'leaf feeding' can be found in many non-carnivorous plants. Rainwater can be retained by cupping the leaf, leading to pitfall traps. Alternatively, insects can be caught by making the leaf stickier, leading to flypaper traps.
+ Evolution, Evidence for evolution, Common descent: History of science
  * For example, all insects are related. They share a basic body plan, whose development is controlled by master regulatory genes. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. Biologists explain this with evolution. All insects are the descendants of a group of animals who lived a long time ago. Evolution of the insects'. Cambridge University Press.
+ Insect, Insects and people
  * Many bees and flies pollinate plants. This means the insects help the plants make seeds by moving pollen from one flower to another. Many insects eat dead plants and animals
  - Physiology, How insects grow:
  * After the eggs hatch, two kinds of development may occur. Some insects have what is called 'incomplete metamorphosis'. This means that a small insect, called a nymph comes out of the egg, and the nymph looks almost the same as the adult insect. As the nymph grows, it does not change the way it looks, but only how big it is. It goes through a number of stages, called 'instars'. Grasshoppers grow in this way.
  * Other insects have complete metamorphosis, which means that the small larva which comes out of the egg looks very different from the adult insect. Insects that have complete metamorphosis usually come out of the egg as a larva, which usually looks like a worm. The larva eats food and gets bigger until it turns into a pupa. Inside the cocoon the insect changes the way it looks and often grows wings. When the cocoon opens, the adult insect comes out. Many insects have complete metamorphosis, for example beetles, butterflies and moths, and flies. The adult stage of development is called the imago
+ Insecticide: Agriculture :: Poisons
  * Insects are very tough animals that have adapted to a great variety of settings. Therefore, the poison used to kill them is also deadly to humans. There can be great danger of eating pesticide when you have vegetables. This is why often people will rub an apple on their jumper before eating it. This adds a nice shine to the apple and rubs away the pesticides. If you do not clean the jumper there is a risk pesticide might build up.
+ Nymph (biology): Insects :: Developmental biology
  * Insects grow by metamorphosis. In incomplete metamorphosis, an insect egg hatches, and a small nymph comes out. The nymph usually looks just like the adult insect but is much smaller. Nymphs do not become pupae before becoming adults. They just grow larger. They moult through various stages called instars.
  * Some insects have nymphs that are aquatic, which means they live in water. These nymphs look very different from the adults. Dragonflies have nymphs that live in water, such as in lakes and rivers. Nymphs that live in water are sometimes called 'naiads'.
+ Sex determination, Genetic determination, null, Various genetic systems: Classical genetics :: Developmental biology :: Cell biology :: Biological reproduction
  * Many insects use a sex determination system based on the number of sex chromosomes. All other chromosomes in these organisms are diploid, but organisms may inherit one or two X chromosomes. In field crickets, for example, insects with a single X chromosome develop as male, while those with two develop as female.
+ Spiracle
  * Insects have small holes in their bodies that allow them to breathe. These holes are called 'spiracles'. Air comes in the spiracles and goes to trachea, or tubes. These tubes take the oxygen to other parts of the insect body. Some insects can open and close the spiracles to keep water out.
+ Thermoregulation, Ectotherms: Physiology :: Zoology
  * Many supposedly cold-blooded animals do things to keep their temperature higher than the surrounding air or water. Fast-moving fish, like tunny, and some sharks, keep their temperature above the level of the surrounding water. Reptiles such as lizards and snakes sit in the sun when they are cold and in the shade when they are hot. Some insects control their temperature, especially colonial insects. Honey bees fan their wings to cool their colony. However, many smaller invertebrates do not control their body temperature at all.