### medical science | pathology | neuropathy:

Focal neuropathy
* affects the eyes, facial muscles, hearing, pelvis, lower back, thigh and abdomen.
* does improve over a period of time with no long-term damage.
* occurs most often in older people with mild diabetes.

Mononeuropathy
* Mononeuropathies affect a single nerve and are often reversible spontaneously
  - are neuropathy
  - occur most often in older people and can be quite painful
* is neuropathy

Optic neuropathy
* is treated with steroids, radiation, and orbital decompression surgery.
* recognized complication of treatment with the drug ethambutol.

### medical science | pathology | neuropathy:

Peripheral neuropathy
* Many peripheral neuropathies are hereditary, that is genetically determined.
* Peripheral neuropathies are one category of neuromuscular diseases
  - can cause degeneration of the axons, the core of the nerve fibres
* affects the hands, feet, legs, toes, or fingers.
* can result in serious health difficulties.
* common manifestation of diabetic patients.
* complication of many systemic diseases.
* disease of the nerves.
* disorder affecting various peripheral nerves
  - of the nerves in the feet and hands
  - that affects the peripheral motor, sensory or autonomic nerves
* form of nerve damage.
* is characterized by pain, tingling, burning or numbness in the hands and feet
  - damage to the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
  - extremely painful, especially at night
  - illnesses
  - nerve damage to the extremities
  - often responsible for the ataxia seen in chronic alcoholics
* is the most common adverse effect of vincristine
  - toxic effect
* occurs in about a third of patients.
* refers to loss of peripheral nerve function.
* represents a slow dying of the neuron bodies.
* side effect caused by damage to the nerves.
* tends to be the most painful at night.

Sensory neuropathy
* debilitating side effect associated with a number of anti-cancer drugs.
* is the most common neurotoxic effect.

### medical science | pathology:

Priapism
* are diseases
  - erections
* can occur in all age groups, including newborns.
* complication of injectable agents, but occurs more frequently when papaverine is used.
* condition in which a male develops a permanent erection.
* constant state of erection unrelated to sexual desire.
* is an uncomfortable, sometimes painful condition which often requires surgery to relieve
  - unpleasant condition whereby the penis remains erect after sexual stimulation ceases
* is the name for an erection that won'st go away
  - technical term for a painful, persistent erection
  - word to describe an unwanted, prolonged erection
  - thought to be a dose related response problem
* lets the blood into the penis but won t let it out with an orgasm.
* long term for an unwanted erection in a man and it can be very dangerous.
* means prolonged erection without sexual desire that can cause damage to the penis.
* neurological disorder resulting in a permanent erection.
* occasionally results in permanent impairment of erectile function or impotence.
* occurs in men and persistent painful erection without sexual stimulation.
* painful sickling that occurs in the penis.
* pathological condition in which the penis is persistently erect.
* persistent abnormal erection of the penis.
* persistent, painful erection
  - penile erection
  - unwanted erection of the penis
* prolonged and painful erection that can last from several hours up to a few days.
* usually results from an injury or a medication.

### medical science | pathology | reflux:

Esophageal reflux
* can also simulate cardiac pain.
* is reflux

Vesicoureteral reflux
* common occurrence.
* is common
  - one of the more common anomalies
  - the most common abnormality associated with complete ureteral duplication