### condition | abnormality:

Cryptorchidism
* can occur alone, however, and is also present in some genetic syndromes
  - in some family lines
* common childhood disorder.
* condition in which the testes fail to descend.
* developmental defect in both animals and humans.
* greatly increases the dog's risk of testicular cancer and torsion.
* is an abnormality
  - example of a sex-limited trait
  - distinct from monorchism , the condition of having only one testicle
  - rarer in cats than it is in dogs
* is the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum
  - both testes in the scrotum after one year of age
* is the failure of one or both of the testicles to descend into the scrotum
  - both testicles to descend from the abdomen
  - main genital abnormality
  - thought to be an inherited defect, and can be seen in any breed
* occurs at a much higher rate in a large number of congenital malformation syndromes
  - in some cases

Dysplasia
* Many dysplasias simply fade away after a pregnancy.
* are pre-neoplastic and potentially reversible.
* is abnormalities.

### condition | abnormality | dysplasia:

Cervical dysplasia
* can be the first step in the development of cervical cancer.
* describes the entire range of possibilities for abnormal growth.
* is abnormal cell growth on the cervix
  - an abnormal growth of the cells of the cervix
  - classified as either mild, moderate, or severe
  - considered to be a pre-cancerous condition
  - when there are abnormal cells growing in the cervix that are pre-cancerous
* means disordered growth.
* step between a normal cervix and cervical cancer.
* term used to describe abnormal cervical cells.

Cortical dysplasia
* focal area of abnormal brain development.
* tends to spare the hippocampal formation and principally affects the neocortex.

### condition | abnormality | dysplasia:

Elephantiasis
* caused by lymphatic filariasis is transmitted through the agency of female mosquitoes.
* comes from the bite of tropical mosquitoes.
* is dysplasia
  - one more of the several diseases transmitted through mosquitoes
  - spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes
* is the leprosy found in modern times in Syria, Greece, Spain, Norway and Africa
  - most awful disease known
  - treated by plastic surgery
* resulting from timorian infection is rare.
* sometimes requires plastic surgery to restore the damaged skin parts.
* usually occurs on the lower legs or genitals but can occur on any part of the body.

Fibrous dysplasia
* disorder in which bone expands due to abnormal development of fibrous tissue.
* hamartoma of bone.
* is also common the in skull, ribs, and tibia
  - characterized by normal bone being replaced by fibrous tissue
  - usually first apparent in late childhood
* needs surgical treatment, curettement being adequate for long bones.

Retinal dysplasia
* is an abnormally developed retina and is genetically inherited
  - common in dogs and cattle
  - known to be inherited in many breeds
* type of retinal malformation.

Embryonic abnormality
* Embryonic abnormalities can occur in birds on a diet poor in copper.
* Some embryonic abnormalities occur in birds.

Fetal distress
- an outdated term that continues to be widely used in modern obstetrics
  - common and often unrecognised
  - more likely to occur with the more intense contractions of an induced labor
  - most commonly the consequence of maternal distress
  - the common denominator that results in the brain injury
* occurs when the baby's ability to cope with labor is compromised in some way.
* serious condition and one which warrants prompt attention.