### animal | arthropod | insect:

Fly
* All flies look the same, no matter what their mutations.
* All flies undergo complete metamorphosis , i.e., a four-stage development
  - egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages
* Flies Use mint as a fly repellent.
* Flies actually do things other than mate, contaminate and irritate
  - transfer pollen from one flower to another
* Flies also appear to look at the world they inhabit differently based on sex
  - become a terrible problem and can cause dogs health and skin problems
  - destroy our food, especially grains and fruits
  - have a pair of transparent wings
  - look differently to fish on bright day than on cloudy day
  - spread disease and parasites to animals
  - appear to be more active in hot weather and add to horses' discomfort
* Flies are a huge problem for herders
  - problem in most eating establishments
  - real hazard and can easily spread disease
  - active carriers of infection
  - adapted for aerial movement and typically have short and streamlined bodies
* Flies are also disease spreaders, as they also prefer to land and dine on feces and rotting things
  - great information processors, taking in visual information much faster than humans
  - interesting because they are only active during the day
  - amongst the most prolific breeders
  - an even greater threat to human health than cockroaches
* Flies are attracted by odor
  - to the UV rays, and once inside, they get zapped
* Flies are capable of great manoeuvrability during flight due to the presence of the halteres
  - rapid, coordinated flight through complex environments
  - common in most horse country
  - complex life forms, in spite of their high level of irritability
  - easy to dispose of when they die compared with other specimens
  - eaten by other animals at all stages of their development
  - ethnically clean because they've never found anybody else to sleep with
  - everywhere
  - generally common and can be found all over the world except Antarctica
  - good for both inner and outer pecs
  - great opportunists and as adults they also eat a great variety of foods
  - household pests, but they are primarily associated with livestock stables
  - important pollinators, second only to the bees and their Hymenopteran relatives
  - insects with two wings
  - known carriers of pinkeye
* Flies are most active in wet kitchen scraps
  - susceptible to pyrethroid poisoning shortly before dawn
  - notorious for defecating wherever they land
  - often pollinators of simple, bowl or cluster blossoms
  - one of the most diverse groups of insects
* Flies are pests of cattle mainly during the warmer months of the year
  - pets kept outdoors
  - predominantly symbols of satanic beings
  - responsible for carrying the causative bacteria
  - scarce but butterflies, beetles, and grasshoppers are abundant
  - soft-bodied, and go through complete metamorphosis
  - the major food for sub-adult fish, while adults feed primarily on caddis flies
* Flies are the most active of all insects
  - numerous and economically important species of marine insects
* Flies are the only insects that have only two
  - major group of insects that have only one pair of wings
  - primary transmitters of the bacteria from herd to herd as well as from eye to eye
  - vectors, unsanitary conditions, etc
  - belong to the class of Insecta and make up the order Diptera
  - bite harder and are more persistent on approaching storms
* Flies bite more before a rain
  - the start of a rain
* Flies breed in moist areas with rotting organic material
  - decaying organic matter
  - when the weather is warm enough, and there is food for their larvae
  - build up in high numbers on cattle
* Flies can also cause mastitis in heifers
  - spread the disease
* Flies can also transmit anaplasmosis
  - other diseases from one animal to another
* Flies can be a menace to public health
  - nuisance
  - problem in summer
* Flies can breed in infected feces and contaminate food
  - and then contaminate the food
  - bring to the surface and distribute amoebae spores or typhoid bacilli
* Flies can carry disease from one pen to another
  - the bacteria from feces to food
  - discourage people from remaining in or visiting certain areas
  - get athlete's foot
  - queue up in an orderly manner to consume resources
  - see behind their head
  - serve as carriers of the amebic cysts
* Flies can spread disease from contact with infectious sources
  - excrement to uncovered food
  - ringworm
  - taste with their feet and smell with their antennae
  - transmit enough of the bacteria from waste products to infect items of food
  - carry germs that cause diseases
* Flies carry many bacteria on their bodies
  - different diseases which can affect humans as well
  - serious diseases
  - more than typhoid fever
* Flies cause discomfort and stress in cattle, resulting in production losses
  - little or no problem in gravity-flow systems
  - stress and also carry mastitis causing bacteria from teat end to teat end
  - two main problems in dogs during the warm months
  - cluster on the warm sides of buildings in late summer during the day
* Flies come in all shapes and sizes
  - varieties, dry flies, nymphs, streamers, saltwater, etc
  - constitute a major economic and health problem in the animal husbandry industry
  - containing functional circadian genes did become sensitized to cocaine
  - contaminate humans food by walking over it
  - continue to lay eggs and are attracted to no-till situations
  - create problems when they bite
* Flies deposit eggs in moist soil containing decaying plant material
  - under the skin of apples
  - stomach worm larvae in skin lesions and some body areas, thus causing summers sores
  - develop in overripe fruit and become abundant in homes
  - disperse the spores
* Flies display signs of hyperactivity and incoordination followed by sedation and hypnosis
  - hyperactivity, incoordination, followed by sedation and hypnosis
* Flies do like honey
  - very well with their single pair of fore wings
  - emerge earlier from light sandy soils than from heavy or wet soils
  - exhibit complete metamorphosis
  - expressing such mutant proteins show a dose-dependent loss of photoreceptors
* Flies feed and breed in the dry system
  - on the plant secretions caused by oviposition, and also on natural exudates
* Flies feeding on faeces are responsible for much transmission of disease
  - lesions are potential mechanical vectors
  - flourish due to lack of insecticides
  - fly up and also toward the light, which comes from the outside
  - generally engage in courting or mating behavior, after which they copulate
  - get the germs from garbage and sewage
  - go into diapause during food shortages
* Flies have a daily rhythm
  - very simple life cycle with a fast maturity rate
  - all that plus two wings and halteres
  - great powers of dispersal and they rapidly discover bodies, usually ahead of beetles
  - hairs that appear as reproducable patterns from one individual to another
  - hooks on their feet and sticky pads
  - large compound eyes but bees have simple eyes
* Flies have mouthparts formed like a sponge to soak up liquids
  - modified for sucking or piercing, and the mouthparts often form a proboscis
  - one pair of normal wings
* Flies have only one pair of wings
  - the front pair of wings
  - the highest wing-beat frequency of any living animal
  - wonderfully large, banded chromosomes
  - help to spread the eggs, as does the wind
  - ingest only liquid food
  - jump up and backwards when taking off
  - kill sheep by laying eggs anywhere and everywhere they can in sheep
  - lacerate the skin and suck blood
  - land on the waste and spread disease
  - lay eggs in the soil near the seedling or plant
* Flies lay eggs on plant stems or near the ground level
  - wet, decaying material
  - like to lay their eggs in fruity things lightly covered with yeast
  - live in the humid earthen burrows of rodents and other small mammals
* Flies mutant for dachsous exhibit a tissue polarity phenotype
  - zpg are viable but sterile with very small gonads
* Flies normally have two copies of the trp gene
  - live only about a month
  - occur almost anywhere and are attracted by foods and breeding sources
  - often lay their eggs in garbage, animal droppings, and other smelly places
  - only have two wings, so count the wings
  - play a variety of symbolic roles in different cultures
  - pollinate a few specialized flowers
  - possess only one pair of functional wings, the hind pair being greatly reduced in size
* Flies prefer to breed in the center of a room
  - stick with dirty areas such as fecal matter or garbage bins for egg laying
  - produce flies, dogs produce dogs, and seeds from maple trees produce maple trees
  - react the same way, with the same small body movements
  - recognize male and female members of their species, just like people do
  - search low for food sources
  - seeking shelter in early autumn are harbingers of frosty mornings and cold storms
  - seem to be the main issue after moisture overload
  - serve as mechanical vectors
  - show a selectivity of response to sugars based on molecular size and structure
  - smell with special cells in olfactory hairs on their antennae and palps
  - suppress fire ants
  - swarm around leftover food
  - take a high proportion of their meals from people using watering places and river points
* Flies taste food with specific cells on their tarsal hairs
* Flies tend to build up immunity to a single product, which reduces the effectiveness of the control
  - cross fences and move between their feeding periods
  - lay their eggs first in moist places in the body like the eyes and mouth
  - thrown at right angles are difficult for the fish to eat, even if they wanted to
  - transmit leishmaniasis, and African sleeping sickness
  - unmask evolutionary warfare between the sexes
* Flies use their feet for many purposes
  - vision more than most insects do
  - usually spend most of their lives as a larva or a pupa
  - vomit on their food
  - walk freely on a glass surface covered with a thin layer of red laser light
* Many flies also have a calypter or membranous lobe at the base the wings.
* Many flies are harmful either as carriers of disease or as destroyers of crops
  - parasitic, feeding on moth caterpillars, beetle grubs, and other pest species
  - representative of the food that fish eat
  - very small, light, and fluffy
  - do most of their feeding as larvae
  - have a very short life cycle because they often breed in unstable environments
  - lap their food with sponging mouthparts
  - mate in flight while swarming
* Most flies are active during the day and so have large compound eyes on the sides of their heads
  - deaf
  - single-hooked and the hooks are usually smaller
  - have green eyes
  - live less then a year
  - prefer to lay eggs in meat but are happy with veggies too, especially fruit flies
* Some flies act as parasites for other pest species, keeping their numbers down
  - also eat grasshopper eggs
  - are only active during the day, others at night
  - breed on apple fruits other breed on hawthorn fruits
  - build up rapid resistance to the active ingredient in many insecticides
  - can transmit disease by contaminating human food
  - come in different colors but have a specific characteristic and name
  - even mate in mid-air
  - produce predatory maggots that feed on other maggots
  - require a slight unevenness to their tips
* is an insect
* often are dirty and carry plague.
+ Drosophila melanogaster, Behaviour, Flight: Genetics :: Drosophila :: Model organisms
  * The wings of a fly are capable of beating at up to 220 times per second. Flies fly via straight sequences of movement interspersed by rapid turns called 'saccades'. During these turns, a fly is able to rotate 90 degrees in fewer than 50 milliseconds.
+ Halteres: Flies :: Evolutionary biology
  * The halteres evolved from wings. Ancestral flying insects had two pairs of wings, like dragonflies, hymenoptera and lepidoptera still do. Flies have only the front pair of wings.