### ion:

Negative ion
* are a natural anti-depressant
  - beneficial, and can improve alertness, concentration and general body function
  - bigger than the atoms they come from
  - called 'anions'
  - displaced electrons, which attach themselves to nearby molecules
  - essential for our health and well being
  - large, positive ions are small
  - molecules that have gained an extra electron
  - nucleophiles
  - responsible for supplying oxygen to cells in the body
  - themselves the electrical energy carriers of the air
* can be found in billions, on mountaintops, water falls and by the sea.
* counteract the effects of smoking.
* enhance physical performance.
* help induce sleep and keep the air clean and fresh.
* help prevent migraine headaches
  - respiratory-related illnesses
  - to eliminate air-born diseases, fungus and molds in the grow room
* move towards the opposite electrode.
* take the smoke out.
+ Ion, Physics: Chemistry

Nitrate ion
* are needed by plants in order to make amino acids
  - for the production of DNA, proteins and chlorophyll
  - soluble and are extremely mobile in saturated soils
* poor nucleophile and ethanol moderately powerful ionizing solvent.

### ion:

Positive ion
* are also plentiful in our society
  - atoms or molecules that have lost an electron
  - called 'cations'
  - present in cigarette smoke
* flowing toward the lower electrode exert the ion drag force.
* have more protons while negative ones have more electrons.
* produced by radiation are extremely unstable.
* travel to the negative terminal and negative ions travel to the positive terminal.
+ Ion, Physics: Chemistry
  * Positive ions are called 'cations'. All simple metal ions are cations.

### ion:

Potassium ion
* are an essential component of plant nutrition and are found in most soil types
  - colorless and similar to sodium ions
  - necessary for the function of all living cells
  - negative, so the inside of a cell has a slightly negative charge
  - very important to organisms
* are, however, under the most interesting ions in biological environments.
* can burn, similar to salt when someone eats too much.
* enter the cell.
* flow freely into or out of cells when the channels are open
  - out and sodium ions flow in
* increase the activity when the system contains both magnesium and sodium ions.
* is released by contracting cardiac and skeletal muscle.
* leave the cell.
* move into the cells to maintain ionic balance.
* move out of the cell and the electrical potential becomes more negative
  - in exchange for hydrogen ions that move into cell
  - through the open potassium channels
+ Potassium bromide, Safety: Potassium compounds :: Bromine compounds
  * Bromide ions can be toxic in large amounts. Potassium ions can burn, similar to salt when someone eats too much.
+ Potassium, Properties, Chemical compounds: Alkali metals :: Chemical elements
  * Potassium ions are colorless and similar to sodium ions. Potassium chloride can be used as a substitute for table salt. Potassium hydroxide is used in the electrolyte of alkaline cells. Most potassium compounds are nontoxic. If they are toxic, it is because of the anion. Potassium chromate is colored because of the chromate, not the potassium
  - Use by living organisms
  * Potassium ions are very important to organisms. They send messages from cells to other cells. It helps biological membranes 'depolarize'. This means go from a negative to a positive electrical charge. If the potassium level in the blood is too high or too low it can cause death because the heart stops. A few good sources of potassium are bananas, apricots and raisins

Silver ion
* are colorless, so photographic film has no color to it.
* form stable and highly insoluble salts with chloride, bromide and iodide.
* have a oligodynamic effect and react as catalysts.
* prevent the growth of odor-causing bacteria.
* work into the nucleus of bacteria and bind on that level.