### device | assay | biopsy:

Endoscopic biopsy
* can determine the presence of the bacteria.
* is the removal of tissue specimens for pathologic examination and analysis
  - standard method to confirm a cure

Excisional biopsy
* Excisional biopsies are best limited to the diagnosis of small superficial lesions of soft tissues
  - remove the entire lump from the breast
* is surgery to remove an entire lump and a margin of normal tissue surrounding it
  - the method usually preferred when melanoma is suspected

Intestinal biopsy
* Intestinal biopsies reveal inflammatory bowel disease.
* remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of celiac disease.

### device | assay | biopsy:

Liver biopsy
* Liver biopsies reveal gradual disappearance of intrahepatic bile ducts.
* can demonstrate the extent of liver injury.
* is also important in determining if the patient has cirrhosis
  - an important tool for the physician
* is done to establish the degree of liver tissue damage
  - under local anesthesia
  - helpful in staging the severity of disease
  - often necessary to help sort out the various causes of liver disease
  - the best way to assess disease progression
* safe and important diagnostic tool for liver disease
  - procedure when performed by experienced operators
* shows plugging of sinusoids in large mononuclear cells
  - typical findings for alcoholic liver disease

Lung biopsy
* is biopsy.
* reveals infiltration by granulocytes and lymphocytes.
* shows interstitial and alveolar fibrosis and inflammation.

### device | assay | biopsy:

Muscle biopsy
* Muscle biopsies reveal the characteristic degeneration and attempted regeneration of muscle fibres.
* Muscle biopsies show abnormalities in the muscle cells
  - scattered necrotic fibres and hypertrophied fibres
* involves the removal of a small piece of muscle for examination.
* is used for trichinosis detection
  - usually the confirmatory test
* shows amyoplasia, with fatty and fibrous replacement of tissues
  - necrosis and variation in muscle fiber size
* tends to show more or less severve changes, related to the severity of disability.

Nerve biopsy
* Nerve biopsies are useful for hexacarbon neuropathies since the results are distinctive.
* involves removing a sample of nerve tissue for examination
  - tissue, which is examined for damage
* is invasive and is useful only in certain circumstances.

Renal biopsy
* Renal biopsies play a central role in establishing clinical renal diagnoses.
* can confirm the presence of glomerulonephritis.
* determines the extent of renal involvement.

Skin biopsy
* Skin biopsies show inflammatory cells and swelling.
* is an important diagnostic tool when the condition is suspected
  - the most cost-effective tool in dermatology

Surgical biopsy
* Most surgical biopsies are excisional, where the surgeon removes the entire tumor.
* Surgical biopsies can be either excisional or incisional.

Diagnostic test
* are an extension of a physical examination and history
  - used to find cancers in people who have symptoms
* assist the doctor in seeing when heart block is causing the slow heart rhythm.
* can identify Down syndrome before the baby is born.
* is assay

### device | assay:

Immunohistochemistry
* Immunohistochemistries are assay.
* can be helpful in the differential diagnosis.
* detects cowpox antigens in feline cases.
* has an important role in confirmation of the diagnosis.
  - more sensitive than other methods fordetection of the beta amyloid protein
  - the most commonly used assay
* is used to assess the relative levels of protein expression in tumors
  - demonstrate accumulation of the PrPres
* needs to be used.
* uses antibodies to detect the presence or absence of proteins.