### substance | atom:

Free radical
* Some free radicals are the result of naturally occurring processes
  - arise normally during metabolism
* accelerate the aging of the skin by a variety of mechanisms.
* are a major contributing factor to nearly all situations of non-ideal health
  - source of damage that can cause abnormal mental behavior
  - natural by-product of metabolism
  - part of our natural immune system
  - specific class of chemicals that are highly irritating to the physiology
  - able to oxidize cholesterol
  - also natural byproducts of metabolism
* are an almost universal sign of damage to the body
  - unavoidable occurrence in biochemical reactions
  - associated with signs of aging like wrinkles and age spots
* are atoms or groups of atoms that are extremely unstable and highly reactive
  - that cause damage to our cells
  - molecules that are usually reactive or unstable
* are atoms or molecules with an unpaired electron
  - at least one unpaired electron
  - that have an unpaired electron
* are atoms with unpaired electrons that are bad for the human immune system
  - electrons, a natural occurrence in biochemical reactions
  - believed to contribute to aging and certain diseases
* are by-products of aerobic respiration and can be toxic when levels become too high
  - our body's requirement for oxygen
  - which come from many normal events in the body
* are byproducts formed in our bodies and are harmful to cells
  - of normal cell metabolism
* are byproducts of the metabolic process and are produced all the time in our bodies
  - and are produced constantly in our bodies
  - capable of causing cellular damage
  - cell-damaging particles that are byproducts of normal metabolism
  - chemical by-products, created when oxygen is burned as fuel in the body's cells
  - chemicals that damage fats, proteins and genes
* are compounds associated with oxidation in our bodies
  - that contain oxygen in a reactive form
  - desperate to pair up with electrons of other molecules
  - destructive molecules produced in the body by a chemical process called oxidation
  - electron-grabbing vandals
  - electron-seeking compounds that destroy any healthy cellular tissue in their path
  - essential in fighting bacteria, but in excess they can cause harm in many ways
* are extremely destructive molecules that are unneeded byproducts of normal metabolism
  - unstable and highly destructive oxygen molecules
  - generally highly reactive, transient intermediates
  - groups existing independently
  - harmful because they are very reactive and damage vital parts of the body's cells
* are highly active compounds that are found in every facet of life
  - molecular fragments that form when cells produce energy
* are highly reactive and attack cells they come into contact with
  - have the ability to break long carbon compounds
* are highly reactive chemicals that are a byproduct of normal energy metabolism
  - which carry around an extra electron
  - compounds because they are missing an electron
  - forms of oxygen
* are highly reactive molecules produced by cells during normal metabolism
  - which can bind to DNA and cause mutations
  - oxidizing substances
  - species that are continuously produced in the body
* are highly reactive unstable molecules that circulate in the body
  - with unpaired unbalanced electrons
  - reactive, always ready to give away the odd electron, or to accept one
  - toxic oxygen molecules in a reactive, unstable form
  - highly-reactive and unstable molecules that can cause serious cellular damage
  - important agents of cellular damage
  - inherently unstable, since they contain 'extra' energy
  - know to cause chronic and terminal diseases
  - largely responsible for damage to the muscle cell membrane
  - molecular compounds formed by natural oxidation processes
* are molecules involved in several chronic diseases as well as aging
  - lacking an electron
  - that are missing one vital electron
* are molecules that have an unpaired electron in their outermost orbit
* are molecules that have lost an electron
  - one electron from a pair, and are rendered very reactive
  - that, because they contain an unpaired electron, are extremely reactive
* are molecules which are believed to harm healthy body cells
  - with unpaired electrons and are the result of normal metabolism
  - mutant cells that leech on other healthy cells, depleting essential nutrients
  - natural byproducts of the metabolic process
  - normally present in the body in small numbers
* are often oxygen molecules that have lost or gained an electron
  - very reactive and unstable
  - oxidative coals that curdle the blood, and initiate and perpetuate AA oxidopathy
  - oxidized molecules that have unpaired electrons
* are oxygen by-products produced when body cells burn oxygen
  - molecules known to damage cells that line blood vessels and other organs
  - oxygen-containing molecules created in our cells during normal metabolism
  - particles that have an unstable molecular structure
  - potentially toxic by-products of cellular reactions that damage cells in our body
  - present in large numbers in even healthy bodies
  - produced due to oxidative stress
  - reactive atoms that have one or more un-paired electrons
  - reactive, unbalanced molecules produced during oxidation and other processes
  - renegade molecules that carry an unpaired electron
* are responsible for advancing disease development and ageing
  - most illness, aging and death
  - rogue molecules that cause cancer by damaging the DNA in our cells
  - scavengers in the skin that damage skin tissue and cause aging
* are simply groups of atoms with an excess of electrons
  - so destructive because they are unstable and extremely reactive
* are the cells that attach themselves onto healthy cells, causing damage
  - critical mediators of cellular damage during ischemia-reperfusion
  - main culprits in tissue damage such as discoloration, wrinkles and aging
  - major cause of aging and age related diseases
  - natural by-products of many processes within and among cells
  - products of oxidative reactions in and out of the body
  - underlying cause for a great number of bodily disorders
  - waste products of metabolism
* are toxic compounds that have lost a negatively charged electron
  - molecules that are missing one vital electron
  - substances that are created as metabolic waste by our cells
  - toxic, dangerously reactive molecules
  - toxins and poisons devoid of electrons
  - ubiquitous in living things
  - unbalanced molecules missing one electron out of a pair
* are unstable and reactive
  - tend to react with the fats within the cell membrane
  - atoms or molecules that lack an electron
  - by-products of the chemical reactions taking place in our bodies
  - compounds that can attack and damage healthy cells and tissues
  - elements that can break down chemical compounds
  - highly charged molecules bearing an extra electron
* are unstable molecules capable of damaging human cells
  - made during metabolism
* are unstable molecules that are missing electrons
  - can oxidize, or damage, other molecules
  - create reactions that are harmful to our bodies
  - have an un-paired electron
  - molecules, with one of their many pairs of electrons missing an electron
  - oxygen molecules with an extra hydrogen electron
* are unstable toxic compounds generated by everyday metabolic processes
  - substances generated by everyday metabolic processes
  - unstable, destructive molecules that damage the body's cells and tissue
  - usually highly reactive and unstable
* are very important for the health of the body
  - small molecules of extremely short life that are highly reactive
  - well known enemies of the healthy immune system
  - what help to create cancer cells
* attach themselves to nucleic acids and alter methylation.
* attack the by-products of metabolic reactions such as processing foods and medicines.
* attempt to gain an electron from natural proteins in the skin to acquire stability.
* break down polyunsaturated fats into compounds that can damage bones.
* can accumulate and cause damage to DNA and proteins within cells
  - activate intracellular enzyme cascades which lead to cell damage or death
  - also damage cholesterol, making it stick to blood vessels
  - be very dangerous to our body's cells if they combine with certain chemicals
* can cause damage to different parts of the body
  - extensive damage to the heart following a heart attack
  - infections, heart disease, and even cancer
  - sufficient damage to cell DNA to trigger individual cells to die
  - tissue oxidation
  - damage DNA molecules, which leads to cellular damage
* can damage body cells and tissues including DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
  - tissues and foster disease
* can damage cell membranes and DNA, eventually causing cancer and other diseases
  - lead to significant pathology
  - cells, leading to disease
  - protein, fat, and even DNA of cells
  - the skin by attacking cellular membranes
* can injure cells
  - tissue by destroying components of the cells comprising the tissue
  - lead to illness, sore muscles, decreased endurance and injuries
  - mutate genes and eventually lead to cancer or cell death
  - oxidize and slowly damage body tissues, particularly cell membranes
* cause cell damage and disruption that can contribute to diseases
  - mutations which can lead to cancer
  - chemical bonds to form between molecules that are usually inde-pendent
  - harmful damage to the skin cells and can even lead to cancer
  - oxidative damage to cells and tissues
  - trememdous damage to virtually every kind of tissue throughout our bodies
  - vascular endothelium damage and reduced nitric oxide vasodilation
* come from all kinds of things like sunlight, heat, alcohol, or air pollutants.
* contribute to the development of cancer, heart disease and other health problems.
* damage our DNA, which results in aging and disease
  - the vitreous collagen with consequential vitreous liquefaction
* destroy cells and promote disease.
* do most of their damage by inhibiting methylation.
* dominate the chemistry of higher elevations and can damage portions of the atmosphere.
* drive the ageing process and aggravate cancer.
* enhance na-ca exchange in ventricular myocytes.
* form naturally in cells and are counteracted by antioxidants
  - our environment and degenerating our bodies
* helps to convert the cholesterol into substances with Vitamin D activity.
* increase the affinity of antibodies for their antigen.
* is an atom
* live in a very different world a minute world where atoms and molecules exist.
* multiply when the body is weak.
* occur when UV radiation or certain chemicals penetrate the skin.
* occuring in the human body can attack and damage cells.
* oxidize fat.
* play a clear role in atherogenesis.
* play a major role in aging
  - the ageing process and they put pressure on the immune system
* play a role in cancer and heart disease
  - causing damage to the immune system
  - the initiation and promotion of cancer
  - an important role , both in health and disease
* produce lipid peroxide levels that can be measured and indicate antioxidant levels
  - peroxides that can be measured to indicate antioxidant levels
  - more free radicals, which destroy body cells and tissues
* promote aging and chronic diseases such as cancer
  - beneficial oxidation that produces energy and kills bacterial invaders
  - heart disease and cancer
  - rather than mitigate cancer
* react with cholesterol, possibly making it more dangerous to blood vessels.
* seek electrons to fills their open octets, and are thus electrophilic.
* seem to be biochemically the root cause of every body deterioration.
* start the chain scission which leads to degredation.
* travel through cells, upsetting balance and causing damage.
* turn on antibodies.
* wreak havoc and damage cells, which can lead to many diseases
  - by damaging cells and causing inflammation of tissues
  - on the body with aging and diseases, such as heart disease and tumors