### phytochemical:

Carotenoid
* All carotenoids have long isoprenoid chains, with alternating double and single bonds.
* Most carotenoids are highly unsaturated.
* Some carotenoids act like chlorophyll b in passing their energy on to chlorophyll a
  - are fat-soluble
* absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the spectrum.
* act as antioxidants, protecting cells from free radical attack
  - reducing the risk of cancer
* affect coloration and are also vital for maintaining a strong immune system.
* also act as antioxidants in the bloodstream throughout the body
  - function as chain-breaking antioxidants
* also play a major role in the biological coloration of animals
  - the photoprotection of cells and tissues
  - prevent every conceivable type of cancer
* appear to work synergistically.
* are a family of compounds with antioxidant activity
  - large class of yellow, red, and orange pigments derived from isoprenoids
  - able to absorb light across a wide frequency range
* are also antioxidants
  - strong antioxidants that help to offset cell injury and damage
  - an important part of the photosynthetic complex of plants
  - antioxidants that help to strengthen the immune system by producing lymphocytes
  - eliminated via sweat , sebum , urine , and gastrointestinal secretions
* are essential because they protect the body from chronic diseases, such as cancer
  - compounds for photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms
  - fat-soluble color pigments from fruits and vegetables
  - fat-soluble, which means they are better absorbed in the presence of oil or fat
  - generally yellow, orange, or red in color
  - highly unsaturated polyisoprene hydrocarbons that are lipid soluble
* are important antioxidants that help to ensure the optimal health of the fish
  - factors in human health
  - in the body for the healing of the skin
  - pigments in photosystems, many fruits, flowers, crustaceans and salmon
  - known to work as a family to prevent disease
  - light-gathering agents in the pigments of eyes
  - natural antioxidants well known for their health promoting effects
* are nutrients found plentifully in orange, yellow and dark green vegetables
  - typically in bright yellow and orange vegetables and fruits
  - often the major pigments in flowers and fruits
  - pigments found in deep orange, red and yellow fruits and vegetables
* are pigments in birds, fish, insects, and other animals
  - foods responsible for many yellow, orange and red colors
  - that are present in most plants and have known antioxidant properties
  - plant pigments, responsible for the bright rosy color of tomatoes
  - present in certain orange, red, green, and dark yellow fruits and vegetables
  - primarily yellow in hue
* are produced by a wide variety of bacteria, fungi, and green plants
  - from the general isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway
* are responsible for many of the red, orange and yellow colours of vegetables and fruits
  - the orange colour of the fruit skin
  - synthesized from isoprenoid precursors
* are the chemical pigments that produce yellow and orange
  - orange, yellow and red pigments in fruits and vegetables
* are the pigments that appear as shades of yellow and orange
  - give certain fruits and vegetables their yellow and orange colors
  - which give fruits and vegetables their color
  - third major type of plant pigments
  - yellow pigments found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach
  - therefore what give modern carrots their orangey colour
  - typically yellow, orange, or red pigments
  - uniquely present in the true plants
  - well-known as the pigments that give red, orange and yellow vegetables their color
  - what give fruits and vegetables their yellow, orange and red colors
  - yellow to red pigments that are widely distributed in plants
* are, therefore, absorbed more efficiently from cooked versus uncooked foods.
* can be monocyclic, bicyclic or acyclic
  - help eliminate the cell-damaging free radicals that can lead to cancer
* colour the fleshy tap root of carrots orange.
* containing some oxygen are known as xanthophylls.
* enhance vitamin E antioxidant activity.
* have three functions that are essential for the well-being of living organisms.
* help fill in the gap by strongly absorbing green light
  - retard the aging process as well as treat age-related diseases
* improve cell to cell communication to help protect against cancer.
* is antioxidant
* make carrots orange, and fall leaves a beautiful array of colors.
* produce the yellows, oranges, reds, and some of the blues and greens.
* protect eyes.
* provide fruits and vegetables their distinctive colors, odors and tastes.
* represent a collection of two groups of pigments, carotenes, and xanthophylls
  - the most widespread group of naturally occurring pigments in nature
* slow the growth of small cell lung cancer cells.