### activity | operation:

Castration
* also eliminates breeding by undesirable males
  - improves the taste and tenderness of beef
  - is called gelding, cutting, or emasculating
* causes acute pain for calves.
  - less traumatic for younger calves
  - major surgery
  - neutering
  - one of the most common surgical procedures performed in equine medicine
  - stated to favour uterine involution in the guinea-pig
  - surgical removals
* is the destruction or removal of the testicles of the male
  - medical term for neutering a male dog or cat
* is the treatment for testicular tumors
  - of choice for cryptorchidism
* key component in domesticating a herding animal.
* leads to a change to a more normal urine odor.
* makes male animals less aggressive and easier to handle.
* markedly reduces aggression as well as urine spraying.
* prevents mating and unwanted behavior.
* protects against testicular cancer and prostate problems.
* reduces norepinephrine uptake activity in olfactory bulbs of male rats.
* relatively easy procedure to perform when calves are small.
* routine procedure if both testicles have descended in to the scrotum.
* simple surgical procedure that entails the removal of the cat's testes.
* usually prevents or stops inter-male fighting, particularly if both males are neutered.

### activity | operation | castration:

Chemical castration
* is an ideal punishment for sex offenders.
* seems to have gained in popularity among men.
* series of injections that decrease sexual drive.

Catheterization
* are medical procedures.
* can involve internal or external urine collection.
* is an operation
  - considered the ''gold standard'' diagnostic test for heart disease
* keeps the bladder from leaking when it is distended or overfilled.
* refers to a situation where a sterile procedure is required.

### activity | operation | catheterization:

Cardiac catheterization
* allows cardiologists to examine the heart for disease and abnormality.
* can determine if bypass surgery is needed
  - help a doctor decide whether to recommend drug therapy or surgery
  - replace open-heart surgery
* involves the use radiological equipment to diagnose heart disease.
* is performed for a variety of reasons
  - to determine anatomy and function of the heart
  - using a contrast material which has iodine in it
* is the best method for evaluating pulmonary vascular resistance
  - same process as angiography, only no dye is used
* is used in the diagnosis of patients' cardiac condition
  - to study the various functions of the heart
* specialized procedure to evaluate cardiac anatomy and function.

### activity | operation | cauterisation:

Cryocautery
* destroys the abnormal skin by freezing.
* is cauterisation

Cauterization
* destroys abnormal tissue using heat, electricity or chemicals.
  - human tissue
  - most effective when the bleeding is coming from the very front part of the nose
  - the process of killing the growth ring of the horn using heat
* prevents excessive bleeding.
* uses heat, electricity or chemicals to burn the abnormal tissue off the cervix.

Cautery
* Cauteries are instruments
  - operations
* coagulation of a polyp for ablation or to stop the bleeding.
  - used to seal a wound in tissue, to collect a biopsy, or to perform an excision
* too does little to destroy complex disease.

Covert operation
* are military operations
* is an operation