ontocord/MixtureVitae-genericsKB huggingface dataset:
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | ungulate:

Takin
* All takins have an arched nose and hairy snout.
* Most takins have brown coats
  - necks
  - live at zoos
* also convey information using a variety of body postures.
* appear much like an ox, with strong legs and broad, round hooves.
* are alert and retreat to dense vegetation when alarmed
  - mammals
  - slow and deliberate in their movements and tend to use well-worn trails
* can even balance on their hind hooves to nibble on vegetation eight feet above ground.
* have a coat that is normally light, long, shaggy, and golden in one race
* includes brains
  - breasts
  - cannon bones
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - heads
  - hip sockets
  - hoofs
  - nuclei
  - piluses
  - plasma membranes
  - rib cages
  - second stomachs
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
  - in central, western, and southwestern China, in Myanmar, and in the Himalaya
* resemble musk oxen, with stout forelegs, a large head, and a thick neck.
* seasonally migrate to preferred habitats.
* typically eat in the early morning and again in the late afternoon.

### animal | vertebrate | mammal | ungulate | takin:

Golden takin
* Golden Takins communicate using a variety of body postures.
* Most golden takins have necks.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | ungulate | tapir:

Malayan tapir
* Most malayan tapirs inhabit forest habitats.
* Most malayan tapirs inhabit various forest habitats
  - resemble pigs
  - eyesights
* produce offspring.

Young tapir
* are spotted at first, as is the rule among forest- dwelling quadrupeds
  - vulnerable to carnivores such as jaguars, ocelots, and large caimans
* have a different coat pattern than adults
  - reddish-brown coat marked with strips and spots for camouflage
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | walrus:

Atlantic walrus
* Most atlantic walruses inhabit regions.
* Most atlantic walruses live in areas
* are slightly smaller than Pacific walruses.
* inhabit coastal areas of north eastern Canada and Greenland
  - northeastern Canada and Greenland
  - the coastal areas along northeastern Canada to Greenland

Female walrus
* Most female walruses gain weight.
* Most female walruses mate during breed seasons
* are known to become dangerously aggressive if their calf is threatened.
* give birth to their young, called calves, during their migration in the springtime.
* stay in one herd, while males stay in another herd until breeding time.

Male walrus
* Most male walruses are sexually mature at about eight to ten years
  - emit sound
  - establish dominance
  - have cm weight
* Some male walruses compete for territory.
* Some male walruses have air sacs
  - large air sacs
* Some male walruses reach maturity
  - sexual maturity
* have air sacs in their heads and necks that they can inflate to impress females
* produce bell-like sounds below water.
* tend to grow faster and larger than females.

Pacific walrus
* Most pacific walruses benefit from development.
* Most pacific walruses live in northern sea
* are more migratory and more numerous than their Atlantic counterparts
  - one of the largest pinnipeds
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | weasel:

Ermine
* Many ermine die from a parasitic worm that infects the nose.
* Most ermines go after prey.
* Most ermines have brown fur
  - reddish fur
* Most ermines have soft fur
  - warm fur
  - pursue prey
* Some ermines belong to families
  - weasel families
  - eat rabbits
* Some ermines fall into mud puddles
* Some ermines have anal glands
  - sharp claws
* Some ermines kill animals
  - live in cracks
  - require food
* are capable of having several dens
  - carnivorous
  - full-grown within one year
  - hunted by coyotes, badgers, foxes, owls and wolverines
  - mostly nocturnal, which means they spend most of their time moving and hunting at night
  - solitary, associating only during mating season
  - very territorial
* can blend into their snowy winter homes and stealthily hunt and kill their prey.
* communicate via sense of smell.
* consists of a white field with black spots.
* eat a variety of other animals.
  - distribution
* have reddish brown fur
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - cytoplasm
  - nuclei
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
* inhabits woodlands, marshes, scrublands and areas near the rivers.
* line their nests with dry plant material, and fur and feathers from prey
  - vegetation, and fur and feathers from prey
* lives in the underground burrows, inside the tree holes or in the crevices of rocks.
* lose and replace each brown hair with a white hair.
* make their homes, called dens, in the cracks of rocks, or roots and holes of trees.
* often take up residence in close proximity to rivers.
* sense prey, predators, and each other with their noses.
* store food in caches whenever there are left overs from the kill.
* weigh approximately one to five ounces.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | weasel:

Least weasel
* are able to thrive in many habitats
  - active day and night
  - effective rodent predators
  - known to take prey in quantities larger that it can consume
  - widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere
* avoid deep forests, sandy deserts, and open spaces.
* breed and reproduce year-round, with the possible exception of winter
  - one to three times per year, depending on prey density
* can also release their anal glands when startled or fearful
  - produce two litters a year, with three to five young per litter
* form hierarchies, where older males are dominant over females and juvenile males.
* have very good sense of smell with their long nose.
* inhabit a range that extends throughout Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa
  - meadows, fields, brushy land, or woods
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale:

Adult whale
* face threats besides ships as well.
* migrate to warmer waters to search for mates.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale | dolphin:

Bottlenose
* Most bottlenoses feed on fish.
* are among the only dolphins that consistently mate with other dolphin species
  - rare among dolphins in that they have excellent vision both in and out of the water
  - chests
  - heads

### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale | dolphin:

Bottlenose dolphin
* Most bottlenose dolphins eat fish
  - small fish
  - engage in behaviour
* Most bottlenose dolphins have blubber
  - body shapes
  - develop sensory organs
  - fins
  - flippers
  - jaws
  - memory
  - shape teeth
  - sharp teeth
  - years
  - hold breaths
* Most bottlenose dolphins inhabit sea
  - temperate sea
* Most bottlenose dolphins live along coasts
  - tropical coasts
* Most bottlenose dolphins live for over years
* Most bottlenose dolphins live in oceans
  - tropical water
  - up to years
* Most bottlenose dolphins reach maturity
  - sexual maturity
  - search for prey
* Most bottlenose dolphins use echolocation
  - frequency echolocation
  - high frequency echolocation
  - sound
  - weigh kgs
* Some bottlenose dolphins are classified as concern
  - get water
* Some bottlenose dolphins have distribution
  - flexibility
  - great flexibility
  - levels
  - mates
  - short beaks
  - surfaces
  - wide distribution
  - live in parks
  - migrate to rivers
  - occupy ranges
  - reach ages
  - show spots on their bellies or light streaks along their sides
* catch fish.
* have streamline body shapes

Bottlenosed dolphin
* feed on a variety of fish, squid, shrimp, and crabs.
* whack fish with their tails to send it soaring in the air.

Coastal dolphin
* Most coastal dolphins show movement
  - seasonal movement
* are in general more heavily spotted than pelagic dolphins.
* tend to eat fishes and bottom-dwelling invertebrates.

### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale | dolphin:

Common dolphin
* Most common dolphins have vertebrae.
* Some common dolphins have distribution
* are a colorful dolphin species
  - also a very affectionate species
  - mammals
  - one of the finer food fishes
* are the fastest marine mammal
  - most abundant and wide spread species of dolphins
* can live in aggregations of hundreds or even thousands of dolphins.
* have the capacity for sustaining interests and fears
  - very few enemies
* play with one another in a somewhat rough fashion, rushing towards one another.

Dusky dolphin
* Most dusky dolphins eat shrimp.
* Most dusky dolphins have lifespans
  - year lifespans

Female dolphin
* become sexually attractive to males within days after losing a calf.
* can bear a calf every two years but generally give birth every three years.
* use the same anatomical trick that males do.

Freshwater dolphin
* Some freshwater dolphins have expectancy
  - life expectancy
* follow river fish through the channels, eventually reaching interior lakes.

Individual dolphin
* are identified by their unique dorsal fins.
* vary to the same degree.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale | dolphin:

Killer whale
* Most killer whales conserve heat.
* Most killer whales depend on sound
  - underwater sound
* Most killer whales drink sea water
  - grow to feet
* Most killer whales have babies
  - diets
  - powerful jaws
  - senses
  - vision
  - inhabit oceans
* Most killer whales live in antarctic regions
  - communities
  - temperature
  - water temperature
  - produce sound
  - receive sound
* Most killer whales rely on sound
* Most killer whales retain color
  - yellowish color
  - stay under water
  - survive months
  - travel up to kilometres
* Most killer whales use flukes
  - tail flukes
* Some killer whales belong to families.
* Some killer whales consume other mammals
  - sea mammals
* Some killer whales eat blue whales
  - marine mammals
  - otters
  - sea otters
  - seals
  - sharks
* Some killer whales enter mouths
  - river mouths
* Some killer whales feed on birds
  - narwhals
  - sea birds
* Some killer whales have long periods
  - natural predators
  - scars
  - teeth
  - interact with trainers
  - kill trainers
  - occur in habitats
  - pose danger
  - specialize in sliding out onto sand bars or ice floes to pursue prey
* Some killer whales suffer from fungal infection
  - weigh pounds
* breathe air.
* consume kgs.
* feed on fish.
  - years
* hunt fish
* prey on bottlenose dolphins
* stalk prey.

Male dolphin
* play no role in raising their young.
* take no part in caring for the young.

Newborn dolphin
* Most newborn dolphins weigh kgs.
* are very dark in color.
* eat their mother's milk.
* have to be able to swim immediately.

Oceanic dolphin
* are marine animals living in the sea.
+ Dolphin, Habitat: Toothed whales
  * Oceanic dolphins are marine animals living in the sea. They live in all of the oceans.

### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale | dolphin | orca:

Male orca
* Most male orcas reach maturity
  - sexual maturity
* have large dorsal fins.

### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale | dolphin:

Pilot whale
* Most pilot whales have holes
  - prefer water
* are a highly social species with a wide vocal repertoire
  - cetaceans belonging to the genus Globicephala
  - one of the species that seem to be more inclined to mass strand
  - primarily active at night, feeding on squid and small fish
  - squid feeders and are usually found far offshore in New England
  - widespread in the Pacific
* eat squid and are often accompanied by oceanic white-tipped sharks.
* have blow holes
  - conical teeth that are used for seizing prey, which are swallowed whole
* tend to remain in the cool temperate waters of the North Atlantic.
* use echolocation to find their prey.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale:

Giant whale
* Most giant whales feed on plankton
  - live in areas
* drift around the island.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale:

Grey whale
* Some grey whales are fed by bottom sediments
* are dark grey in colour, mottled by a lighter hue
  - extinct in the North Atlantic and near-extinct in the Western North Pacific
  - part of the baleen whale family
* are very active in defence of themselves
  - friendly and they like to get patted

Humpback whale
* Most humpback whales create sound
  - engage in activities
  - feed on krill
* Most humpback whales have flippers
  - years
  - live in oceans
  - make mammoth journeys every year between their feeding and breeding sites
  - swim in oceans
  - weigh tonnes
* Some humpback whales feed during springs
  - on kinds
  - spin around causing fish to group up
* are mammals
* have baleen
  - methods

Large whale
* Many large whales bear deep scars from the tentacles of big octopuses.
* Most large whales do, but the pattern varies among species.
* Some large whales eat seals.
* are also vulnerable to collisions with ships

Male sperm whale
* attain full size
* grow to feet.

Modern whale
* Many modern whales have a vestigial pelvis and femur.
* have only vestigial olfactory nerves.
* show many adaptations to their ocean environment.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale:

Sperm whale
* Many sperm whales have scars on their backs, believed to be caused by the hooks of colossal squid.
* Most sperm whales attain full size
  - grow to feet
* Most sperm whales have brains
  - jaws
  - mammalian brains
  - years
  - possess organs
  - produce sound
  - receive sound
* Most sperm whales swim through deep water
* Most sperm whales wash up on coasts
  - south coasts
* Some sperm whales are classified as lists.
* Some sperm whales eat large sharks
  - monsters
  - feed on squids
  - have plastic
* Some sperm whales use noses
  - shape noses
  - wash up on shores
* hunt for prey.
* roam oceans.
* use noise.

Toothed whale
* Most toothed whales are relatively small.
* are able to echolocate, which they use to hunt and swim in dark waters
  - intelligent animals
  - predators that use their teeth to catch squid, fish, marine mammals, etc
  - predators, feeding actively on fish and squid
  - usually darker on the top, and lighter underneath

### animal | vertebrate | mammal | whale | toothed whale:

Beaked whale
* are also long, deep divers
  - deep-divers and difficult to study
  - teuthophagous
* are the least known of all cetaceans
  - cetacean families
  - well-known of all cetaceans
* use suction, as nurse sharks do, to swallow their prey.

Whale lice
* are crustacean ectoparasites of large, slow moving whales
  - parasites that eat whale skin and damaged tissue
* eat dead skin, resulting in minor wounds in the skin.

Wild whale
* Most wild whales live in regions
  - travel up to kilometres
* Some wild whales die from bacterial infection

Wild mammal
* Some wild mammals are eaten by raccoons.
* include squirrels.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | wolf:

Carnivorous wolf
* Carnivorous wolves feed on rodents.
* Most carnivorous wolves feed on rodents.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | wolf:

Young wolf
* Young Wolves have babies in the spring.
* Young wolves are called 'pups' or 'cubs'
  - ready to go on hunts with the adults when they are about three months old
  - taught to fend for themselves
  - stay with their parents until they are several yeas old
+ Grey wolf, Life: Wolves :: Mammals of North America
  * The members of the pack are usually family members, often just the parents and offspring. Wolves that are not family may join if they do not have a pack of their own. Packs are usually up to 12 wolves, but they can be as small as two or as large as 25. The leaders are called the alpha male and the alpha female. Young wolves are called 'pups' or 'cubs'. Adult females usually give birth to five or six pups in a litter.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | wolverine:

Female wolverine
* build dens to give birth and raise their young in.
* mate every other year.
### animal | vertebrate | mammal | wombat:

Common wombat
* Most common wombats eat food.
* Most common wombats have coarse fur
* Most common wombats live in areas
* Some common wombats eat shrubs
* Some common wombats inhabit burrows
* Some common wombats occupy areas
  - high country areas
* are herbivorous , subsisting on grass, snow tussocks, and other plant materials
  - sturdy and built close to the ground
* weigh lbs.

Nose wombat
* build burrows.
* forage for food.
* have claws
  - feet
  - hairy noses
  - long claws
  - soft fur

Wood rat
* Most wood rats eat crops.
* Some wood rats live in trees.
* are nocturnal and feed on a wide variety of plants.
* are pale buff, gray or reddish brown, usually with white undersides and feet
  - gray, or reddish brown, with white undersides and feet
  - rodents
* have big eyes and ears and make large, unkempt nests.
* pick up material for their nests while foraging and carry it to the homesite.

Marine vertebrate
* Most marine vertebrates have blood.
* Some marine vertebrates have concentration.

Most vertebrate
* Most most vertebrates excrete waste.
* Most most vertebrates have boundaries
  - distinct boundaries
  - necks
  - skin
  - teeth
* possess guts.

Other vertebrate
* have behavior
  - cartilage skeletons
  - embryonic skeletons
  - similar behavior
* possess bones
  - ear bones
  - middle ear bones
### animal | vertebrate | reptile:

Chelonian
* also have jaws equipped with horny beaks, instead of teeth.
* also have strong horny mouths or beaks with no teeth
* are cold blooded and have a backbone
  - notoriously slow to develop problems and equally slow to heal
  - toothless, with a hardened horny beak
* do tell people apart, and they prefer some people over others.
* eat both plants and animals, but they have no teeth - just jaws with very sharp edges.
* have a single penis.
* lack teeth so have to use their horny, beak like structure to cut up food.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | crocodilian | caiman:

Black caiman
* Black caimen eat fish.
* Most black caimen eat fish.
* Some black caimen have bony ridges.
* appear to be more selective about where they nest than their spectacled cousins are
  - have a social hierarchy

Larger caiman
* can take tapirs and anacondas.
* eat fish and water snails.

Spectacle caiman
* Most spectacle caimen have maternal behavior
  - protective behavior
* Some spectacle caimen eat aquatic insects
  - feed at nights
  - reach sexual maturity
  - thrive in rivers
* Spectacle caimen burrow into mud.
* Spectacle caimen have behavior

Young caiman
* eat insects.
* feed largely on snails.

Cayman
* Caymen includes brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - ears
  - faces
  - heads
  - nuclei
  - pedal extremities
  - plasma membranes
  - rib cages
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
  - vertebrate feet
* Some caymen are located in Caribbean.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | crocodilian | cayman:

Spectacled caiman
* are carnivorous generalists
  - found in freshwater habitats as well as some salt water habitats
  - small relatives of alligators and crocodiles
  - the most common species of the crocodilian family
* breed for about four months during the wet season each year.
* have strongly protective maternal behaviour.
* live in loose-knit groups but are generally solitary except during mating season.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | crocodilian | crocodile:

American crocodile
* All American crocodiles show the same teeth - the fourth one from the front, on each side.
* Most american crocodiles adapt to food.
* Most american crocodiles eat animals
* Most american crocodiles feed on fish
  - small fish
* Most american crocodiles inhabit habitats
  - saltwater habitats
* Most american crocodiles rely on habitats
* Most american crocodiles thrive in environments
* Some american crocodiles eat ridley sea turtles
  - live in saltwaters
* are also paler and more grayish than the relatively dark-hued alligator
  - federally endangered
  - known predators of lemon sharks , and sharks avoid areas with crocodiles
  - more susceptible to cold than American alligators
  - well-armored with tough, scaley skin
* have pointy A-shaped snouts
  - two bottom teeth that stick out when their mouths are closed
  - mangrove habitats

Cuban crocodile
* Most cuban crocodiles eat mammals
  - small mammals
  - have teeth
* Some cuban crocodiles have distribution
  - survive in numbers

Dwarf crocodile
* Dwarf Crocodile eat mainly fish, but they also eat frogs, birds, small mammals.
* have prominent, dark brown eyes as juveniles.

Female crocodile
* build soil nests on elevated, well-drained sites.
* prefer to lay their eggs in open, sandy and sunny areas close to water.

Freshwater crocodile
* Most freshwater crocodiles have legs
  - strong legs
  - inhabit states
* are grey or greenish-brown above, with heavily mottled flanks.
  - the states of Queensland, Northern Territory, and Western Australia

Large crocodile
* Most large crocodiles have claws
  - powerful claws
* can ambush and kill cattle and horses as they come to drink at waterholes.
* live in the canal, especially at the mouth.

Modern crocodile
* have a similar habit of picking up stones to assist in grinding their food.
* incubate their eggs in the same way.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | dinosaur:

Similar dinosaur
* are found all over the world at that time.
+ Coelophysis: Coelophysidae :: Triassic dinosaurs
  * Coelophysis' was a small fast running carnivorous dinosaur. Coelophysis' was found in Upper Triassic strata dated to about 215 million years age. It lived in what is now the southwestern United States. Similar dinosaurs are found all over the world at that time.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | dinosaur:

Theropod
* Most theropods have eyes
  - fingers
  - structures
  - teeth
  - use arms
* Some theropod specimens show teeth
  - theropods eat plants
* Some theropods have feathers
  - skin
  - wishbones
  - lose teeth
  - rely on hands
  - replace teeth
* are a diverse group
  - known from all continents
  - offshoots off the bird family tree
  - two-legged dinosaurs that are most commonly linked to birds
* constitute the second major saurischian group.
* includes brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - heads
  - nuclei
  - pedal extremities
  - plasma membranes
  - rib cages
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
  - vertebrate feet

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | dinosaur | theropod:

Deinonychus
* Most deinonychuses have brains
  - tails
  - retain wings
  - use claws
* Some deinonychuses feed on animals.
* include dinosaurs.
  - breasts
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - nuclei
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - vertebrate feet
* live during cretaceous periods

Most theropod
* Most most theropods have eyes
* Some most theropods rely on hands.

Primitive theropod
* More primitive theropods show evidence that their skin was covered in small, bumpy scales.
* Most primitive theropods have fingers.

Tyrannosaur
* also show a good many more maniraptoran autapomorphies, particularly in the skull.
* have tiny arms, with only two clawed fingers.

Velociraptor
* are highly intelligent pack hunters.
* means swift plunderer.
* stalk the group to get their eggs back.

Diurnal reptile
* Most diurnal reptiles live in cold temperate regions
* need light.

Ectothermic reptile
* Some ectothermic reptiles maintain body temperature.
* Some ectothermic reptiles maintain constant body temperature

Extant reptile
* Most extant reptiles chew food.
* include lizards.

Few reptile
* live in salt marsh habitats.
* occur live in the brackish, transitional environment known as the salt marsh.

Ichthyosaur
* appear in Early Triassic marine deposits.
* are reptiles that lived in the sea at the time dinosaurs roamed the land.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | lizard | anole:

Green anole
* Most green anoles change color.
* Most green anoles have behavior
* Some green anoles die of dehydration.
* Some green anoles have expectancy
  - hide in trees
* are a diurnal species
  - capable of changing scale color in response to their external environment
  - insectivores and are generally good eaters
  - preyed upon by a relatively large assortment of predators
  - sold in many pet stores in the United States
  - the small non-indigenous lizards found throughout Texas and much of the south
* breed in two week intervals throughout the spring to summer months.
  - colors - depending on temperature and mood
* feed on a broad range of prey items.
* fight less in groups than in pairs.
  - determinate growth
  - several methods of capturing prey
* like to have their food in separate quarters than their homes unless it's feeding time.
* live just fine with house geckos.
* love climbing in the hanging plants.
* move freely and range widely, but usually only within their territorial domains.

Knight anole
* can inflict a painful bite if carelessly handled and aggravated.
* grow too large to mix with green anoles.

Male anole
* Some male anoles fight for dominance.
* use dewlaps to attract females.

Anolis lizard
* are some of the best examples of both adaptive radiation and convergent evolution.
* communicate with displays consisting of motion of the head and body.

Armadillo lizard
* Most armadillo lizards inhabit deserts.
* Some armadillo lizards attain maturity
  - sexual maturity
  - curl into balls
* Some armadillo lizards have babies
  - heads
  - protection
  - triangular heads
* Some armadillo lizards sell in pet shops
* are able to shed their tail in the case of danger.
* have extremely strong bite
  - long, tube-like nostrils and excellent sense of smell
  - triangular head and flattened body and tail

Caiman lizard
* are adept at eating snails and other shelled animals
  - named for the enlarged dorsal scales that look like crocodilian skin
  - one of the largest lizards found in the Americas
  - tropical animals that require warm temperatures year round in order to thrive
* have a blunt head and molariform teeth for crushing their molluscan prey.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | lizard | chameleon:

Panther chameleon
* Most panther chameleons eat plants.
* Most panther chameleons have eyes
  - long tongues
* Some panther chameleons reach maturity
* are native to Northern and Eastern parts of Madagascar
  - one of the most colorful chameleon species available today
  - oviparous, which is to say they are egg layers
  - the most colour chameleons - every colour imaginable
* belongs to Madagascar.
* can have a varied life span depending on the care they are given.
* reach sexual maturity at a minimum age of seven months.

Common lizard
* Most common lizards eat bugs.
* are often confused with newts.

Desert lizard
* Most desert lizards possess glands.
* Most desert lizards possess nasal glands
  - salt glands

Diurnal lizard
* Some diurnal lizards absorb heat.
* Some diurnal lizards have excellent eyesights
  - inhabit bushes
* Some diurnal lizards live in arid regions
* are often very fast runners.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | lizard | iguanid lizard:

Horned lizard
* are also excellent diggers, and can quickly burrow underground to escape threats
  - found only in the western portions of the United States and Mexico
  - reptiles with tails and a scaled body
  - very well camouflaged
* can flatten out and freeze in place when threatened.
* have a unique repertoir of defense
  - some immunity to it at least
* is an iguanid lizard

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | lizard | iguanid lizard:

Marine iguana
* Most marine iguanas get food
  - have long tails
  - occur in areas
* Most marine iguanas regulate body temperature
* Some marine iguanas feed on algas
  - seaweed
  - have blotches
* Some marine iguanas live in colonies
  - up to years
* are herbivores that feed primarily on marine algae
  - herbivorous
  - most vulnerable before birth or when juvenile
* are the only iguanas in the world that swim and feed in the ocean
  - reptiles known to mate in 'leks'
* divert blood to the skin while basking in the sun and warm up quickly.
* eat algae.
* feed on algae that grow on the ocean floor.
* spend a great deal of their time basking on basalt to help absorb the heat.

Insectivorous lizard
* Most insectivorous lizards have prey.
* have access to a variety of prey in the wild

Large lizard
* Most large lizards have short legs.
* Some large lizards become domestic pets

Legless lizard
* are common at the conference center in sandhills habitats.
* look like snakes because of their tiny legs.

Male lizard
* Some male lizards expose brightly colored body parts, and the nocturnal geckos give mating calls
  - have heads
  - use methods
* bob heads.
* display a series of push-ups in rapid succession.
* wrestle together to gain access to females.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | lizard:

Monitor lizard
* Many monitor lizards appear to have evolved comparatively recently
  - are top predators
* Most monitor lizards have lungs.
* Most monitor lizards use muscles
  - throat muscles
* Some monitor lizards escape from cages
  - have sharper teeth than others
* are a nutritious food
  - able to identify other males and females with their sense of smell
  - also much more difficult to care for than other reptiles
  - excellent climbers
  - large and impressive
* are very slightly endothermic
  - special
* can inflict a painful bite.
* differ from most other known species of lizards in that they have a high metabolism.
* feed on eggs and fledglings of ground nesting birds, frogs, fish and carrion.
  - massive bodies with powerful legs for running swiftly
  - sharp and sensitive eyesight
* look like big lizards but they taste like chicken.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile:

Serpent
* Most serpents have heads
  - origins
  - territory
  - thrive in environments
* Some serpents bite own tails
  - bring death
  - devour crocodile reptiles
  - emerge from cups
  - swallow own tails
  - wash up on beaches
* appear in the Bible.
* are connected with poison and medicine
  - vengefulness and vindictiveness
  - cornets
  - fireworks
  - found all over the world, except in very cold regions
  - middlemen between men and the spirit world
  - represented as potent guardians of temples and other sacred spaces
  - very cautious in avoiding danger
* bring rain and thus fertility.
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chests
  - plasma membranes
  - skulls
  - sterna
* replace tattoos.
* shed their skin, which was thought as the rebirth.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | serpent | constrictor | boa:

Boa constrictor
* Many boa constrictors are domestic reptiles kept as pets.
* Most boa constrictors eat prey.
* Most boa constrictors have babies
  - teeth
* Most boa constrictors live in South America in the Guianas, Brazil, Peru and other tropical regions
* Most boa constrictors mate during dry seasons
* Most boa constrictors reach maturity
* Most boa constrictors shed outer skin
* Some boa constrictors break bones
* Some boa constrictors have arrows
  - receptors
  - sensitive spots
* Some boa constrictors kill children
  - sense heat.
  * ' non-venomous Boa species. The snake can be found in Central and South America, and on some islands in the Caribbean. The common name is the same as the scientific name, which is unusual. The color pattern of its skin can vary considerably. Boa constrictors grow to a large size
* are adaptable
  - among the longest-lived snake species in the world
  - large snakes with heavy bodies
  - nonpoisonous snakes endemic to Central and South America
  - notorious for their deadly grip, squeezing their next meal until it expires
  - ovoviviparous, giving birth to live young
  - powerful snakes and stealthy hunters
  - terrestrial and floor space is more important than height
  - the most popular snakes to keep as pets
  - usually very docile and tolerate handling very well
  - warm tan with dark brown, diamond-shaped patterning
* can easily climb the tree.
* close relative of anaconda.
* defend themselves like most other snakes by striking and biting.
* has heat receptors that are used for detection of the warm-blooded prey.
  - distinctive and varied markings
  - hip bones
  - lungs
  - saddle-like markings running the length of their bodies
  - small hooked teeth
  - small, hooked teeth that they use to grab and hold prey
  - smooth skin with bright browns and blacks
  - tiny pelvic girdles and leg bones inside their bodies
* inhabit a wide range of habitats, from wet lowland forests to dry savanna.
* is both terrestrial and arboreal
  - one of the most exploited snake species
* live in a variety of habitats from tropical forests to semi-deserts
  - seasonally
* pass waste through the cloaca at the base of the tail.
  - their outer skin or epidermis
* solitary creature.
* spend some of their time in trees.
* tend to grow slower and metabolize their food slower than other snakes
  - live alone
* to grow throughout life.
* vary in color from brown to gray.
* wear some of the most distinctive markings of all reptiles.

Emerald boa
* have heads.
* inhabit rainforests
  - wet rainforests
* strike bird mammals

Pet boa
* feed on mammals.
* live for years.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | serpent | viper | pit viper:

Rattler
* are common in rough terrain and wherever rodents are abundant
  - in two sizes, seven colors
  - one kind of pit viper
  - shy creatures that normally avoid human contact
* can climb trees.
* carry the eggs for six or seven months before giving birth.
* rely on surprise to strike prey.
* try to avoid humans.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | serpent | viper | pit viper:

Water moccasin
* Some water moccasins have dark stripes
* are aggressive poisonous snakes that live along muddy banks of rivers and swamps
  - capable of injecting large quantities of a toxic venom
  - dangerous because they're poisonous and do attack
  - much more difficult to detect
  - ovoviviparous, which means that eggs incubate inside the mother's body
* are pit vipers, like copperheads and rattlesnakes
  - snakes most common to the swampy areas of the southern United States
  - water snakes
* have a whitish, cottony lining in their mouth.

Puff adder
* Some puff adders have fangs
  - large fangs
* are primiarily terrestrial, though they sometimes climb trees and are fond of swimming.
* have slow-acting venom that takes several hours to kill a human.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | serpent | viper | rattlesnake:

Diamondback
* Most diamondback rattlesnakes possess pit organs.
* Most diamondbacks eat rodents
  - feed on rodents
* Most diamondbacks have fangs
  - tubular fangs
  - hide in bushes
  - range in color
* Some diamondback rattlesnakes live in burrows
  - prey upon mammals
* Some diamondback rattlesnakes reach maturity
* Some diamondbacks eat mammals
  - small mammals
* Some diamondbacks have feet
  - live for years
* always mate in the water, usually at night.
  - roller coasters
  - the only turtles in the world that live exclusively in brackish water
* eat rodents, rabbits, and birds
* includes brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - chest cavities
  - vertebrate feet
* live in brackish and coastal waters and marshes.
* strike prey.
* take their name from strong concentric annuli on the carapace scutes.
+ Diamondback rattlesnake: Vipers :: Reptiles of North America
  * The 'diamondback rattlesnake' is a very poisonous rattlesnake. Diamondbacks are found from Florida to California. The bite from a big rattlesnake can hold enough poison to kill a person. However, if the victim gets to a doctor quickly enough, he or she can usually survive. If you spend time in regions where diamondback rattlesnakes live, you should take a few precautions. People must be especially careful around caves. Rattlesnakes sometimes hibernate in caves during cool weather.

Diamondback rattlesnake
* Most diamondback rattlesnakes have diamond shapes
* possess organs

Sidewinder
* are missiles
* have a smaller kill radius than rockets.
* use quick motions to wiggle into the sand to bury the greater part of their body.

Timber rattlesnake
* Some timber rattlesnakes are killed by humans.
* are common only in some very localized areas
  - extremely well camouflaged and difficult to spot in the forest vegetation
  - primarily nocturnal
  - secretive by nature
  - surprisingly calm when encountered in the wild
* feed on mice.
* have coloration.
* perform important roles
* reside in environments.

Western rattlesnake
* Some western rattlesnakes absorb water.
* possess organs
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | snake:

Young snake
* All young snakes are independent of their mothers.
* are a pale color with a yellow tail tip
  - common on the desert side but rare on the coast side of the mountains
  - eaten by larger toads
* can shed four or more times per year during their first two years of life.
* fend for themselves from birth.
* grow rapidly, feeding very frequently.
* use an egg tooth to break out out their shell.

Younger snake
* can eat more frequently than older snakes.
* have brighter colored skin than older ones
  - horizontal black bands on the back

### animal | vertebrate | reptile:

Synapsid
* Most synapsids are classified as early mammals
  - belong to families
  - develop teeth
* Most synapsids have bones
  - posture
  - sides
  - sprawl posture
  - structures
  - possess jaws
* Some synapsids have basal tetrapods
  - parental care
  * This class includes mammals and earlier groups related to mammals. Synapsids are one of the two major groups of amniotes. The sister group, which gave rise to the reptiles, is the Sauropsida. Both groups evolved from early amniotes about 345 million years ago during the early or mid Carboniferous period
* are a subclass of extinct amniotes from which mammals descend
  - characterised by having a pair of extra openings in the skull behind the eyes
  - defined by a single opening in the skull and the fact that they are endothermic
  - said to be the origin of all mammals including extinct mammals
  - unique in incorporating bones of the jaw
  - very probably monophyletic
* have a temporal fenestra behind the eye socket on each side of the skull
  - one and are the mammal like reptiles
* includes brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - heads
  - nuclei
  - pedal extremities
  - plasma membranes
  - rib cages
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
  - vertebrate feet
* make up one of the two largest groups of amniote vertebrates.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | synapsid:

Dimetrodon
* Most dimetrodons have heads
  - legs
  - shape teeth
  - sharp teeth
  - sprawl legs
  - live during periods
* Some dimetrodons dig burrows
  - feed on fish
  - has-part fangs
  - have flaps
* Some dimetrodons have high inertia
  - thermal inertia
  - incisors
  - mouths
  - sail flaps
* Some dimetrodons live in areas
  - swampy areas
  - breasts
  - cells
  - rib cages
  - sections
  - sterna

Earlier synapsid
* replace their teeth throughout life, as sauropsids also do.
+ Morganucodon, Is it a mammal?: Theriodonts
  * It is for this, and its tooth replacement and determinate growth,means juvenile growth has a definite stopping-point that 'Morganucodon' is now usually considered a true mammal.van Nievelt, Alexander F.H.  and Kathleen K. Smith 2005. Earlier synapsids replace their teeth throughout life, as sauropsids also do.

Edaphosaurus
* Most edaphosauruses eat plants.
* Most edaphosauruses have appearances
  - spines
* Some edaphosauruses develop jaws
  - strong jaws
* Some edaphosauruses live during early periods
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - faces
  - nuclei
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | synapsid:

Pelycosaur
* Most pelycosaurs have fins
  - locomotion
* Some pelycosaurs become mammals.
* Some pelycosaurs resemble large lizards
* are a paraphyletic group of six primitive families of synapsids
  - an important lineage preserved in the fossil record
  - synapsid amniotes
  - cells
  - ears
  - pedal extremities
* share a number of other general skull features.
+ Synapsid, Primitive and advanced synapsids
  * The mammal-like reptiles are traditionally divided into a primitive group and an advanced group, known respectively as pelycosaurs and therapsids. Pelycosaurs are a paraphyletic group of six primitive families of synapsids. They were all rather lizard-like with sprawling gait and possibly horny scutes. The therapsids contain the more advanced synapsids, having a more erect pose and possibly hair, at least in some forms. The latter are the ancestors of mammals.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | synapsid:

Therapsid
* Most therapsids have ancestors
  - common ancestors
* Most therapsids possess characteristics
  - legs
  - survive in environments
* Some therapsids go through growth.
* Some therapsids have ability
  - brains
  - canals
  - whiskers
  - possess ankles
* Some therapsids recover from extinction
  - mass extinction
  - solve mechanical problems
  - survive conditions
* are a clade of advanced synapsid animals from the late Permian period
  - found in Permian and Triassic rocks
  - more advanced synapsids from which all mammals evolved
  - reptiles ancestral to mammals
* includes brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - heads
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - rib cages
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
  - vertebrate feet

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | synapsid | therapsid:

Cynodont
* Most cynodonts have ligaments
  - live in trees
* Some cynodonts possess certain features
  - unique features
* are considered to be the ancestors of all modern mammals
  - said to be the missing links between reptiles and mammals
* are the non-mammalian synapsids most closely related to mammals
  - therapsids from which mammals evolved
* have an additional joint in their jaws
  - nearly all the characteristics of mammals
* includes brains
  - chests
  - heads
  - sections
* need oxygen.

Tuatara
* are lizard-like creatures with crest of spiny scales that extend down their back
  - reptiles that can be traced back to the time of the dinosaurs
  - reptiles, found only in New Zealand
* have two rows of teeth in their upper jaw and one row of teeth in their lower jaw.
* live on foggy offshore islands in burrows that are often shared with sea birds.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | tuatara:

Male tuatara
* Some male tuataras become fathers
  - have holes
* enter territory.
* show an annual, pre-nuptial reproductive cycle.

Young tuatara
* feed readily on small ground animals, such as earthworms and small insects.
* have a third eye.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | turtle:

Freshwater turtle
* Every freshwater turtle needs some upland habitat, if only for a nest site.
* Most freshwater turtles are good swimmers.
* Some freshwater turtles eat larvae
  - mammals
  - small mammals
* are ideal indicators of environmental health
  - in demand as food and as pets but most are unregulated at any level
* eat a range of animals including worms, frogs, and fish.
* inhabit water.
* possess one of the most anoxia-tolerant nervous system of all vertebrates.

Green sea turtle
* graze on plants
  - underwater plants
* have habitats.
* nest on beaches.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | turtle:

Hawksbill
* Most hawksbills has-part beaks.
* Most hawksbills have beaks
  - claws
  - heads
  - ranges
* Most hawksbills reach maturity
  - sexual maturity
  - take up residences
* Some hawksbills take places.
* are denizens of coral reefs and rocky areas, shallow costal areas and lagoons
  - important inhabitants of coral reefs
* are known to inhabit different habitats at different stages in their development
  - the same resting spot night after night
  - named for their narrow, pointed beak
  - the rarest of local sea turtles
  - turtles with beautiful red and auburn shells
* climb over reefs and rocks to nest among the roots of vegetation on beaches.
* deposit their eggs in late spring, early summer and hatchlings emerge at night.
* face most of the same threats that endanger all marine turtles.
* feed almost exclusively on sponges that are loaded with glasslike spicules.
* feed on both plants and animals
  - sponges and other invertebrates and tend to nest on small, isolated beaches
  - primarily on sponges
* have a hawk-like beak that is used to cut through tough coral, anemones and sea sponges
* help maintain the health of coral reefs.
* includes brains
  - breasts
  - carapaces
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - ears
  - faces
  - nuclei
  - pedal extremities
  - plasma membranes
  - rib cages
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
  - vertebrate feet
* live in different places at different stages of their life.
* nest on beaches
  - sandy beaches
* occupy environments.
* use different habitats at different stages of their life cycle.
* utilize different habitats at different stages of their life cycle.

Hawksbill sea turtle
* have carapaces
  - eyes
  - features
  - hard shells
* mate in shallow water

Juvenile turtle
* Most juvenile turtles have black carapaces
  - occur in habitats
* Some juvenile turtles return to areas
  - coastal areas
* need food.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | turtle:

Land turtle
* Some land turtles can actually out run a human on level ground.
* bury themselves in soil or under rotting vegetation.
* can live indoors, but often require lots of space, especially if they are big.
* feed as they go, shearing off bits of leaves, flowers, or fruits when they feel hungry.
* inhabit deserts, rainforests, mountains, rivers and marshes.
* live in the forest and sea turtles live in the ocean.
* require a large amount of land, heated quarters, hiding areas, and an appropriate diet.
### animal | vertebrate | reptile | turtle:

Leatherback
* Most leatherbacks eat jellyfish.
* Most leatherbacks return to nest beaches
  - same nest beaches
* Most leatherbacks survive in ocean temperature
* Some leatherbacks engage in migration
  - feed on jellyfish
  - follow migration routes
* Some leatherbacks have cellophane
  - few natural predators
* approach land only during breeding season.
* are rare in the Indian Ocean and in very low numbers in the western Pacific Ocean
  - strong swimmers
  - unique among sea turtles in that their primary food is jellyfish
* build their nests on remote stretches of sandy beach.
* come ashore to nest in broad daylight.
* eat jellyfish and other soft-bodied animals
  - only jellyfish
* have a unique system of blood supply to their bones and cartilage
  - an un- reptilelike, more mammalian pattern of growth in their limb bones
  - slightly fewer human-related threats than other sea turtle species
  - the longest migration of all sea turtles
* have the widest distribution of all sea turtle species
  - global distribution of all reptile species
  - breasts
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - pedal extremities
  - sterna
* live in all of the oceans
  - warm tropical waters
* marine turtle
* require warm tropical beaches to incubate their eggs.
* return to beaches
* seek food.
* spend their lives in the water, the females coming ashore only briefly to lay eggs.
* thrive in all oceans of the world, except at the coldest near the poles.

Leatherback sea turtle
* have carapaces
  - jaws
  - size
* mate in water.
* use jaws.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | turtle | leatherback:

Female leatherback
* Most female leatherbacks return to nest beaches
  - same nest beaches
* Some female leatherbacks follow migration routes
  - nest on beaches
  - the same nesting beach to lay their eggs

Pacific leatherback
* are at risk of extinction unless drastic measures are taken.
* divide into two populations.

Male turtle
* have noticeably longer fingernails that the females
  - shorter tails than female ones
* tend to be larger than females, with enlarged claws, concave plastrons, and red eyes.

Map turtle
* Most map turtles live in salt water.
* are large, river-dwelling reptiles about the size of a dinner plate.

### animal | vertebrate | reptile | turtle:

Marine turtle
* All marine turtles lay their eggs on land, where their movements are clumsy and awkward.
* Most marine turtles have oval shells
  - spend only part of their lives in U.S. waters
* Some marine turtles eat jellyfish
  - lack diversity
* are at risk when encountering an oil spill
  - generally herbivores, feeding mainly on sea grasses
  - heterosexual, with sexual dimorphism being evident in adults
* come ashore only to lay eggs.
* eat a wide variety of synthetic material, including pellets.
* face enormous pressures throughout their life cycles.
* hatch on sandy beaches and then spend their lives out in the open sea.
  - temperature
* migrate considerable distances between their nesting and feeding grounds.
* occur in tropical and temperate seas throughout the world.