### substance | activator | enzyme | nuclease | endonuclease:

Restriction enzyme
* Restriction Enzymes can also produce fragments without single-stranded ends.
* Some restriction enzymes recognize sequences that are short and therefore common in the genome.
* act like scissors to cut DNA into pieces.
* are an essential tool for genome analysis
  - chemicals that naturally cut DNA in certain places
  - enzymes that digest DNAs at specific DNA sequences
  - essential tools used in biotechnology
  - examples of endonucleases
  - important components of gene splicing technology
  - proteins produced by bacteria
* can also differ in the way they cut the DNA molecule.
* have two important features.
* is an endonuclease
* make breaks in the DNA, at specific sites.
* occur naturally in bacteria and are used by the bacteria as a defense mechanism.
* recognize and cut DNA at sequence specific sites
  - specific nucleotide sequences, and cut the DNA at that sequence
* shorthand way of saying restriction endonuclease.

Exonuclease
* is nuclease
* remove the unmethylated strand past the mismatch.

Numerous enzyme
* catalyse specific reactions.
* depend on additional factors that are necessary to perform the catalytic reaction.

Pancreatic enzyme
* are natural mechanisms for the prevention and destruction of cancer cells.
* break down partially digested food from the stomach into simple compounds.
* help digesting food, especially fat
  - dissolve cancer
* play an important role in the digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

### substance | activator | enzyme:

Papain
* has the ability to dissolve dead tissue without damaging living cells
  - unique ability to dissolve dead tissue without damaging living cells
* is activated by cysteine, sulfide, and sulfite
  - actually a proteolytic, meaning it digests protein
  - collected by making cuts on green, unripe papaya fruits
* is derived from raw papaya and is also used to break down proteins
  - the papaya plant
  - harvested, like opium, by tapping the unripe fruits
  - highly effective in hydrolyzing esters and the peptide bonds of hydrophobic proteins
  - inhibited by sulfhydryl binding reagents, heavy metals and carbonyl reagents
  - similar other types of enzymes made in the pancreas that help our bodies digest meat

Penicillinase
* are B-lactamases
  - newly evolved enzymes developed in response to our excess use of penicillin
* has no effect on the activity of ofloxacin.
* is an enzyme

Pepsin
* Most pepsin breaks down proteins
  - helps break down proteins
* digests only protein
* includes atoms.
* includes chemical chain
  - groups
* works only in the presence of hydrochloric acid.

Peptidase
* are important in completing breakdown of peptides into amino acids.
* break peptides down into individual amino acids.
* cleaves the inhibitory ends off, allowing formation of fibrils.
* help in digestion of proteins.
* is an enzyme

### substance | activator | enzyme | phosphatase:

Acid phosphatase
* are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze esters of orthophosphoric acid.
* is an enzyme in the lysosomes of cells throughout the body
  - elevated in most patients
  - produced by osteoclasts, and the cells probably produce collagenase as well
  - used in research requiring phosphate group transfers
  - very concentrated in semen
* remains a very useful tool for diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Plasmin
* accelerates platelet-dependent prothrombinase assembly without activating the platelets.
* activates platelets at low doses and inhibits platelets at high doses.
* are enzymes
* binds to and degrades several components of the extracellular matrix.
* cleaves fibrinogen and a series of other proteins involved in coagulation.