### process:

Convection
* Is a means of transferring heat through mass flow.
* Most convection carries air
  - hot air
  - involves movement
* Most convection occurs in fluid
  - liquids
* Some convection generates clouds
  - fields
  - magnetic fields
* Some convection occurs in cirrus clouds
* affects heat transfer from the glass surface to room air, and between two panes of glass.
* also causes the breeze at the seashore.
* also happens in Earth's mantle
  - the the core, where it helps form the magnetic field
  - occurs within the tall towers of cumulus clouds
  - operates on a global scale
  - plays an important role in the surface heat budget
* brings the heat up from the surface into the lower atmosphere.
* can only take place in liquids and gases
  - produce local winds which enhance surface fluxes
  - heat from the mantle to the bottom of the lithosphere
* causes a mixing in the melt beyond that due to pure diffusion
  - currents of warm and cool air to move
  - local breezes, winds, and thunderstorms
  - other problems for the production of optical films
* circular motion in air or in a liquid created from uneven heating.
* communicates the surface fluxes to the downwelled plume and intermediate water forms.
* describes the flow of the material as it spreads the warmth.
* dominates throughout the troposphere in the intertropical convergence zone.
* dredges up atoms manufactured in the core of the star.
* drives the outer-core fluid and it circulates relative to the earth.
* form of heat transfer due to the mass movement of the atmosphere.
* happens in the water itself
  - when hot matter rises, cools off and then sinks
* has conditions.
* involves heat loss or gain by air motion
  - liquids flowing in a container
  - movement of a heated fluid, such as air, usually a fairly rapid process
* involves the movement of air
  - heated objects
  - transfer of heat energy by means of vertical mass motions through a medium
* is also an important process in main-sequence stars
  - an action
  - analogous to the turbulent motion in a pot of water as it boils
  - another way heat moves through windows
  - associated with the generation and persistence of a magnetic field
  - fundamentally different from the other two modes of energy transfer
  - heat and mass transfer by fluid motion
* is heat transfer between a solid surface and the adjoining air or liquid
  - by a body of moving gas or liquid
  - caused by the diffusion and bulk movement of a heated gas or liquid
  - from flow of a fluid or gas over an object
  - through the movement of liquids or gases
  - transported by hot material in motion, such as hot water or magma
  - likely to be important in determining other properties of the star
  - much more important than conduction in transporting heat within the troposphere
  - natural processes
* is responsible for most of the heat transfer in our atmosphere and oceans
  - much of the meteorology
* is the action of warm air rising and cold air sinking
  - displacement of volumes of a substance in a liquid or gaseous phase
  - driving force behind the motion of Earth's interior
  - first step in the heating process in the kiln
  - loss of heat due to the movement of air from around the body
* is the main method of heat transfer in fluids such as water and air
  - process responsible for upward movement of air in the troposphere
  - way heat flows through liquids and gases
  - most efficient way to transfer heat on large scales
  - motion of heated material, such as bubbles in boiling water
* is the movement of heat by a moving medium
  - within a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents
  - heated air
  - thermal energy from one area to another in a liquid or gas
  - power behind tropical thunderstorms on Earth
  - process by which heat is carried upwards by a moving mass of air or liquids
* is the process in which air close to the surface is warmed and then rises
  - heat is carried by parcels of moving fluid
* is the process of energy transfer by movement
  - heat transfer from one location to the next by the movement of fluids
  - hot materials rising and cool materials descending
  - transferring energy by motion
  - where the body is cooled by air movement
* is the rapid and mass movement of molecules in a substance
  - vertical transport of buoyant air, which usually leads to cloud formation
  - reason stars twinkle
  - technical term for heat transport by overturning fluid or gas
  - third way that heat can move
  - transfer of energy through movement, such as boiling water
* is the transfer of heat by circulating it through air or liquids
  - fluid motion, such as by a liquid or gas
  - movement of heated masses, i.e. air, water, oil
  - passing a fluid over another object
  - physically moving the molecules from one place to another
  - the movement of currents within the heated material
  - vertical circulation
* is the transfer of heat energy in a fluid
  - in a gas or liquid by movement of currents
  - from the air to the surface or vice versa
* is the transfer of heat through groups of molecules
  - the movement of a fluid, such as water or air
  - the movement of a liquid or gas such as water or air
  - to or from a fluid medium
  - transmission of heat by the mass movement of the heated particles
  - transport of heat by the movement of liquids or gases
  - transportation of energy as the hot matter moves up and the cool matter falls
  - upward flow of air as it is warmed by the heat of the blaze
  - vertical movement of air
  - way heat circulates through liquids and gases
  - usually the dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases
  - very important for stellar evolution because it mixes up different layers of the star
  - what happens to boiling water in a pot on the stove
* is when a section of hot liquid or gas moves from one place to another
  - air comes in contact with the skin and is blown away
  - heated fluids expand and so become less dense
* key factor as most wildland fires are started by lightning.
* last-ditch way to get rid of heat.
* makes the asthenosphere possible for it to move and trasport energy.
* mechanism for heat transfer.
* much more efficient way to transfer heat.
* occurs as a result of air density difference within the atmosphere
  - because of unveven distribution of heat sources in the mantle
  - fluids such as water and air, which move freely
* occurs when a hot fluid is heated from below or cooled from above
  - mobile fluid moves between objects at different temperatures
  - air or fluid passes over a heated service
  - heat is carried away by the movement of the air
  - hot gas rises and cool gas sinks
  - warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the liquid or gas
* preferentially forms in the region of an inflection in the absence of enhanced lifting.
* pretty efficient method of transferring energy.
* process of heat transfer involving vertically moving air currents.
* provides uniform temperatures, browns evenly, and accelerates cooking.
* refers to air rising vertically inthe atmosphere due to heating
  - the movement of air across the surface of the glacier
  - transfer of heat by movement of a fluid such as air or water
* results from solar heating at the surface, which induces thermals
  - the differences in the densities of a material at different temperatures
* stirs up the atmosphere and creates regions with stronger magnetic fields than is usual.
* takes time to occur, and incoming radiation still exceeds outgoing radiation.
* transfer through fluids under the influence of an outside force, such as gravity.
* uses heat transfer by movement of a gas or liquid.
* usually takes place with gases traveling from one place to another.