Plant
* ALL plants manufacture salicylates, and many do so in large quantities.
* All plants absorb essential minerals, including iron, manganese, and zinc
  - act as a sink for carbon dioxide because it necessary gas for photosynthesis
* All plants are able to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate pests
  - about waist height
  - also susceptible to the high temperatures
  - container grown with at least one full season of growth
  - diploid
  - eukaryotes
  - genetically identical, which prevents evolution of disease resistance
  - great for keeping nature in balance
  - in the United States
  - live plants
  - more susceptible to invasion by insects and diseases when under stress
  - multi-cellular and each plant cell is surrounded by a cell wall
* All plants are multicellular eukaryotes and photosynthetic autotrophs
  - with the capacity for photosynthesis
  - of bearing age and have large flavorful berries
  - on their own roots, but there are no signs of root rots
  - phototropic, meaning they respond to all forms of light
  - relatively large, and hence none are generally considered microbes
  - rooted cuttings
  - seed raised, in the United Kingdom, on their own roots
  - susceptible to desiccation
  - thought to have evolved from a green algal- like ancestor
  - trees
  - well adjusted to the place where they live
  - wild
  - attempt to adjust to osmotic moisture stress caused by salinity
  - begin life as a single seed
  - belong to kingdom plantae
* All plants benefit from adequate soil moisture once planted
  - fertilization and old roses are no exception
  - greatly from well prepared soil
  - bloom together, which turns summer into a wonderland of colour
  - can be grwn in intermediate conditions
  - come originally from the bush
* All plants compete for water, nutrients and light
  - space, light and nutrients
* All plants contain a light-reactive pigment called phytochrome
  - both soluble and insoluble fibres
  - compounds called polyphenols
  - phytochemicals that can help to prevent disease
  - starch also
  - water, but it can be difficult to reach
  - die after flowering
  - draw water into their roots and up through the stalks, stems, or leaves
  - exhibit alternation of generations
  - experience life in cycles
  - fall into two basic categories, flowering, and nonflowering
  - fluoresce
* All plants go through a cycle with a haploid gametophyte alternating with a diploid sporophyte
  - life cycles
  - periods of growth, maturity and decline
* All plants grow and adapt to their environment
  - by soaking up carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis
  - incredibly well under metal halide lamps
  - together and support each other
  - with no supplemental water
* All plants have a basic complement of chromosomes
  - certain climate that they grow best
  - common name and a Latin name
  - dormant stage when the roots are getting deeper
* All plants have a life cycle that gets each plant through the haploid and diploid generations
  - cycle, but it can be different from plant to plant
  - span
  - specific pH range in which they grow and thrive best
  - an endogenous RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
  - certain requirements like water, nutrients and light
  - chloroplasts indicating their decent from a common ancestor
  - different requirements, often directly related to their native environment
  - dormant stages
  - eukaryote cells
  - gametophyte stage and sporophyte stage
  - growing points where new cells are developed
  - healing abilities
  - life cycles with an alternation of generations
  - natural defence mechanisms
  - seeds
  - specific soil, water, nutrient, and light requirements for optimum growth
  - the potential to cause some physiological reaction
* All plants have the same amount of carbohydrate reserves in their roots
  - heredity and are quite uniform when grown under the same conditions
  - life cycle, called alteration of generations
  - their own set of particular dynamics
  - heat very pure water in boilers to produce steam
  - including daisies do photosynthesis
  - live and grow by photosynthesis
  - lose water from their leaf and stem surfaces to the air
* All plants make fruits, which all contain seeds
  - sugar
  - varying amounts of salicylate
  - move iron to seeds with a special biochemical
  - perform photosynthesis
* All plants produce flowers for the same reason, to make seeds so another plant can grow
  - oxygen through the process of photosynthesis
  - the same amount of pollen
  - toxins to protect themselves against fungi, insect and animal predators
  - rely either directly or indirectly on plants for their energy
* All plants remove chemicals from the air to some degree
  - waste through the stomata on their leaves, and marijuana plants are no different
  - reproduce through alternating generations
* All plants reproduce using flowers
* All plants require a source of carbon
  - care and attention
* All plants require certain chemical elements for proper growth and appearance
  - essential elements for proper growth
  - nutrients for good growth
  - light as their energy source in photosynthesis
* All plants require nutrients in order to grow and reproduce
  - to maintain healthy growth, and bonsai are no exception
  - nutrients, water, light, and air to grow
  - partial to full sun and bloom summer to late fall
  - regular watering until their roots are established
  - small amounts of boron for growth
* All plants require some light whether natural or artificial
  - natural light
  - sunlight to make their food
* All plants require sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water for photosynthesis
  - water, and soil nutrients for photosynthesis
* All plants require water for metabolic and physiological functioning
  - in order to grow and thrive
  - resist pests and disease if they are healthy
* All plants respond to pruning in different ways
  - stress by reproducing through either sexual or vegetative reproduction
  - slaughter young, healthy, and uniform animals
* All plants take two generations to complete one life cycle
  - up nitrates from which they produce all their essential nitrogenous compounds
  - transform air into a more oxygen-rich variety
* All plants use carbon dioxide to live and maples are no exception
* Any plant daring to grow more than a few inches above the ground falls prey to the wind
  - has the potential to induce such proteins under certain conditions
* Apply salt to cabbage that stays grown in a permanent control any green all winter.
* Can Tell Atrazine injury on wheat.
* Diseases Due to Bacteria.
* Every plant can adapt to a range of environments
  - has a distinct form
* Every plant has a place and a purpose, and no plant seems to suffer from insects or fungi
  - of origin, a past, present and hopefully, a future
  - unique form and structure and is made up of several distinct organs
  - only one correct name
  - some medicinal properties and many are yet to be discovered
* Every plant is adapted to a certain set of growing conditions
  - developed from a seed
  - full of natural pesticides it uses to kill insects
  - made up of many naturally occurring chemical constituents
  - needs specific nutrients to flourish
  - produces hundreds of seeds
* Fibers Several plants are sources of insulation from cold.
* Keep a record of when various plants begin to flower.
* Make a food chain.
* Many plant leaves contain substances distasteful to insects
  - pathogens overwinter in the garden on infected plant debris
  - species self-fertilise in the wild, but the great majority have occasional outcrossing
  - toxins cause diseases of the central nervous system
* Many plants accumulate proline in response to water stress
  - also change their shape, or lose their blooms when regulary pruned
* Many plants also have a chlorotic response to sudden changes in soil moisture
  - some sugar water called nectar in their flowers which insects can eat
  - produce flowers, which are their reproductive organs
  - reproduce asexually
  - serve as habitat
  - alter their position when they go to sleep at night
* Many plants are able to propagate themselves using asexual reproduction
  - tide over unfavourable conditions
  - also capable of reproducing by parthenogenesis
  - aquatic, including seaweeds
  - associated with ancestral beings
* Many plants are capable of asexual reproduction
  - hybridizing between species and even genera
  - regenerating their entire root systems from a single cutting
  - reproducing both asexually and sexually
  - carriers of plant viruses but show no disease
  - colorful and children are attracted to the leaves, flowers and fruits
  - edible and medicinal
  - good for attracting butterflies
  - highly toxic and can be dangerous
  - hosts to the virus
  - in a dormant state in winter
  - intolerant of having their roots submerged for extended periods of time
  - just gastrointestinal irritants and cause vomiting
  - naturally resistant to pests or have been bred to be so
  - parasitic upon others
  - perennial, including trees, shrubs, and bulbs
  - photoperiodic
  - poisonous or can cause diarrhea or vomiting
* Many plants are poisonous to animals in varying degrees of toxicity
  - preserved as three-dimensional casts or as carbonized impressions
* Many plants are sensitive to dry heat and intense sun
  - the hours of daylight and darkness they receive
  - suitable for growing in terrariums
  - susceptible to many types of the disease
  - symptomless carriers
  - too strong to take internally safely
* Many plants are toxic and unsafe for human use, including marijuana
  - or potentially toxic to sheep
  - when eaten, and little kids do love to explore things with their mouths
  - unable to survive in such a harsh environment
  - used to flavor foods
  - very large, some over a half meter tall
  - attract bees with the color of their flowers and nectar
  - bear flowers that favour certain types of pollinator over all others
  - begin sending up shoots before the cold treatment is complete
  - bloom at night and use special odors or flower shapes to attract bats
  - break down chlorophyll even after a freeze
  - can accumulate heavy metals from the soil in large amounts
* Many plants can be poisonous
  - toxic when touched or eaten
  - deactivate or metabolize a herbicide before plant injury occurs
  - do either sexual or asexual reproduction or both
* Many plants can grow from runners or cuttings
  - in seawater, but none of the crop plants can
  - new plants asexually from their plant parts
  - roots on a cutting
  - regenerate completely from differentiated cells
* Many plants can reproduce asexually by sending out runners or producing sucker shoots
  - both sexually and by vegetative propagation
  - only with the help of other plants
  - use ammonia directly
  - carry naturally-occurring DNA fragments called transposable elements
* Many plants cause allergic rhinitis symptoms
  - nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea
  - change dramatically and are equally attractive in other seasons
  - climb up closer to the canopy where there is more light
  - commonly found in yards and gardens contain poisons
  - compete with neighboring ones for sunlight
  - completely lack stipules
* Many plants contain chemicals that are toxic to insects
  - prevent cancer or heart attacks
  - flammable chemicals and burn fiercely
  - high levels of saponin, which is very soapy stuff
  - more than one reactor
  - pro- tective secondary compounds that are more or less toxic to herbivores
  - several medicinal ingredients, which work together in harmony
  - small amounts of naturally occurring toxic chemicals
  - toxic substances
  - degenerate and die rather suddenly toward the end of their reproductive phase
  - depend on animals for pollination
* Many plants depend on animals to spread their pollen
  - bats to carry pollen and disperse seeds
  - birds for pollination and seed dispersal
  - hummingbirds for pollination
  - insects for pollination
  - develop adaptations to regrow even after fire events
* Many plants die back in winter, keeping only their roots alive 'til spring
  - because the soil becomes too warm
  - before harvest
  - from too little or too much water during the first few months after planting
  - if their roots become too wet
* Many plants do better when grown in presence of others
  - contain substances that produce therapeutic effects within the body
  - great outside in the summer, but eventually they do have to come back indoors
  - easily grow back and there is usually good recovery after a fire
  - emit isoprene, a hydrocarbon that has important influences on atmospheric chemistry
  - escape slug damage
  - exude substances to repel insects
  - flower only part of the year to preserve water
* Many plants form a partnership between their root systems and soil fungi called myccorhizae
  - callus tissues from the inoculation of different colonies of mutant bacteria
  - one or more layers of palisade- tissue even when growing in the deepest shade
  - roots easily in water or soil
  - unusual hybrids or adopt strange behaviours because of the unusual conditions
  - generate pups or lateral shoots which arise from the lateral areoles of the cacti
  - germinate from seed, mature, produce flower or fruit, reproduce, and die in one season
  - go into a rest period or dormancy during part of the year
* Many plants grow close to the ground, below the cold winds
  - faster in an atmosphere with higher carbon dioxide
  - in areas protected from the rains
  - up with the rising waters to become emerging aquatics at high flood
  - well and look good in baskets, but ferns are probably the most highly prized
  - grown in temperate climates have a negative response to high temperatures
* Many plants have a condensate-return system to return condensed steam for reuse in boilers
  - aesthetic value as ornamentals and, thus, improve the quality of our lives
* Many plants have beneficial properties that help prevent or reduce the symptoms of heart disease
  - symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi
* Many plants have colorful flowers or berries
  - histories, but none more so than herbs
  - flowers and pods that can be dried for arrangements and wreaths
* Many plants have flowers that add color to our landscape
  - are pretty and brightly colored
  - fungi growing inside the plant body
  - less of one or two of the essential amino acids
  - male and female reproductive organs in the same flower
* Many plants have poisonous look alikes
  - properties that lie somewhere between the extremes of toxic and safe
  - rhizomes without tubers
  - root hairs on their roots
  - roots that grow deep in the ground, where the most water can be found
  - secondary metabolites that are estrogenic
  - seeds that use water as a means of dispersal
  - self-sterility factors which force cross pollination
* Many plants have several different species that are hummingbird-attractive
  - lines of defense against pathogen attack
  - severe nitrification problems during the colder winter period
  - small, needle-like leaves that help to conserve water
  - some defence against herbivores
* Many plants have their leaves submerged
  - root systems above the ground
  - thorns and spines
  - tussock or cush- ion growth forms
  - very large leaves
  - waxy coatings on some surfaces
  - including gymnosperms and the dicotyledonous angiosperms are capable of producing wood
  - known to be hyperaccumulators of nickel occur on serpentinized peridotites
* Many plants live for more than two years
  - in the rainforest
  - look alike, and a deadly poison can easily be mistaken for one that is harmless
* Many plants lose much of the remaining energy on growing roots
  - parts in times of stress
  - their leaves or wither and die
  - make great homes for animals
  - naturally occur in only one or two positions in the landscape
  - offer winter berries, seeds, and pods for birds and other wildlife
  - owe their existence to fungi
  - prefer cold weather
* Many plants produce an aromatic substance that are the essential oils
  - which are the essential oils
  - chemicals which change the behaviour , growth , or survival of herbivores
  - food for people
  - large numbers of seed to improve the chances at least some seeds surviving
  - noxious compounds that inhibit feeding by herbivorous insects
  - oils which are important commercial products
  - substances that are toxic to other plants
  - their own pesticides for self-protection
  - protect themselves against grazing animals with thorns and poisonous chemicals
* Many plants provide both cover and food
  - enough protein to keep the body at normal efficiency
  - recover and bloom the following year
  - reject their own pollen to avoid the detrimental effects of inbreeding
* Many plants release chemicals which suppress a wide spectrum of weeds
  - their scent freely with their fragrance drifting great distances
* Many plants rely on bats to spread their seeds and to pollinate flowers
  - insect pollinators to carry the pollen from one plant to the next
* Many plants rely on the leaf system for gathering the water into pockets, or onto scales
  - wind to disperse their seeds
* Many plants reproduce by a mixture of outcrossing and self-fertilization
  - fragmentation or runners
  - vegetative propagation, a form of natural cloning
  - through pollinators, and some are disappearing
* Many plants require a cold treatment to induce flowering
  - dose of thousands of rads to stop seed germination or growth
  - bright sunlight, but many others have adapted to growing in the shade
  - genetic material from another clone or variety in order to set fruit
  - large amounts of water in their daily lives
  - more nutrients than can be obtained from the native soil
* Many plants respond to cutting back
  - density in a scramble-like fashion through reduction in individual growth
  - iron-deficiency stress by modifying root physiology
* Many plants root in limestone crevices
  - when a branch is bent sharply upward
  - send out shoots or runners that are simply extensions of themselves
  - set more flowers than the plant can develop fruit
  - shed their leaves during dry temperature to conserve water and moisture
  - spread their pollen by the air
  - stop making food in the fall
  - store such toxins in seeds
  - suited for terrariums require high humidity
  - synthesize ecdysteroids
  - take longer to grow from seed than our growing season allows
  - thrive on it as a nutritional supplement and quickly absorb it
  - turn brown and develop a dead side when too close to a home or fence
* Many plants use active dispersal mechanisms, like wind, for dispersal
  - animals to disperse their seeds in another complex coevolutionary process
  - coal as the fuel source
  - their tunnels as an easy way of extending their root systems
  - underground runners to clone themselves
* More plants die from lack of water in autumn than from winter kill
  - over watering than under watering
  - over-watering than from being on the dry side
* More plants die from overwatering than from any other cause
  - from being dry
  - means more animals
  - probably die from water related problems than any other reason
  - spawn more beetles
* Most plant bugs cause damage
  - stems produce roots
* Most plant toxins cause diseases
* Most plants absorb carbon dioxide
  - most of their water through their roots
* Most plants absorb solar energy
  - water from the soil through their roots
* Most plants accumulate excess woody material and all shed some seasonal foliage
* Most plants acquire energy
* Most plants adapt to aquatic environments
* Most plants adapt to arid climates
  - climate conditions
* Most plants adapt to different conditions
  - environmental conditions
* Most plants adapt to dry conditions
  - habitats
  - dryness
* Most plants adapt to extreme conditions
  - local climates
  - low calcium environments
  - regions
  - salty habitats
  - severe conditions
  - sites
  - unique environments
  - wet conditions
  - advertise their readiness to mate
  - affect evolution
* Most plants also contain drinkable water
  - have one or more common names
* Most plants are able to conserve water using waxy cuticles and pores which regulate air exchange
  - autotroph since they use the sun power to generate their body
  - autotrophs, as are many protists and bacteria
  - committed to producing the safest food possible
* Most plants are consumed by deer
  - livestock
  - dioecious, but some are monoecious
* Most plants are diploid they have two identical sets of chromosomes in each cell
  - which means they have two identical sets of chromosomes in each cell
  - distinguished from plants
  - dormant, though several important species wait until now to flower
  - easiest to identify when they are in flower
  - easy enough to grow, but some are unique in their needs
  - eaten by animals
  - endemic
  - evergreen with large, dark green, leathery leaves
* Most plants are green and growing
  - because they contain a substance called chlorophyll
  - green, but in the fall, the mechanism for feeding the plant is cut off
  - hermaphroditic, gaining reproductive success through both male and female functions
  - incomplete because any given plant product only provides a couple of amino acids
  - like human beings they weren t born to last forever
  - long-lived perennial plants
  - modular and are certainly the most obvious group of modular organisms
  - native to a certain region, usually encompassing many states
  - now in flower
  - polar
  - producers because they have chlorophyll and produce their own food
  - renennials, with underground roots that survive year after year
  - resistant to most viruses
  - self-fruitful
  - sessile and multicellular, with relatively complex and specialized cells
  - short, drought-loving plants
  - tightly in bud, awaiting warmer days to bloom
  - toxic or poisonous if chewed
  - toxic, though beautiful to look at
  - unable to tolerate continuous submergence of their roots
  - vascular plants and have vascular tissues
* Most plants attain height
  - maximum height
* Most plants attract animal pollinators
  - cucumber beetles
  - goldfinches
  - ladybirds
  - native pollinators
* Most plants bear blue flowers
  - female flowers
* Most plants bear pale blue flowers
  - yellow flowers
* Most plants become buds
  - nuisances
  - parasitic vines
* Most plants begin from seeds
  - life as germinating seeds
  - to flower when they first experience a night period of a particular length
* Most plants belong to families
  - few plant families
  - genus
  - legume families
  - lily families
  - parsley families
  - plantain families
  - sunflower families
  - taxonomic genus
* Most plants benefit from a seedling stage
  - manure
  - regular feedings during the growing season
  - break down substances
* Most plants can go for a week between watering
  - grow successfully in a range of zones
  - only soak up a small amount of water at a time, the rest is wasted
  - stand several days alone with little or no damage
  - store nutrients for later use
  - t grow in Antarctica
  - then live without further watering for two weeks
  - tolerate moderate numbers of aphids without great damage
  - tough out high temperatures
* Most plants capture energy
  - radiant energy
* Most plants cause allergies
  - skin allergies
* Most plants come from little tiny seeds
  - commonly grown in shade gardens are purely ornamental
  - compete for higher spots on trees to receive more sunlight
* Most plants compete with host plants
* Most plants consist of leaves
  - long tap roots
  - short stems
  - single stems
* Most plants contain aromatic substances
  - bitter substances
  - both kinds in varying amounts
  - carbohydrates
  - chemical substances
  - cytoplasm
  - enzymes
  - excess carbohydrates
  - fiber
  - fluid
  - insoluble fiber
  - medicine
* Most plants contain occur minerals
  - trace minerals
  - particles
  - photosynthetic pigment
  - proteins in lower levels
* Most plants contain psychoactive chemicals
  - radioactive waste
  - red pigment
  - rigid support elements
  - small amounts of jasmonates, but jasmine and honeysuckle contain high levels
  - sticky fluid
* Most plants contain toxic chemicals
  - vanishingly small amounts of fluorine
  - vitamins
* Most plants contribute to poor survival
* Most plants cover areas
  - surface areas
  - decay after they die, turning into chemicals and nutrients that replenish the soil
  - depend heavily on birds and bees in order to properly pollinate
* Most plants depend on animal pollinators
  - insects for pollination and survival
  - mutualistic fungi to help their roots absorb minerals and water from the soil
  - rainfall
  - sunlight to provide energy through photosynthesis
* Most plants develop adequate vegetative structure before flowering can occur
  - basal suckers creating a dense, bushy appearance
  - feeder roots
  - first true leaves
* Most plants develop from buds
  - grow conditions
* Most plants develop into bushes
  - small bushes with up to six basal stems
  - new feeder roots
  - over time
  - prime grow conditions
  - sturdy stems
  - taproots
  - thick stems
  - trunks
  - vegetative growth
  - woody roots
  - die because they are overwatered
* Most plants die during cold winter
  - off in early autumn
* Most plants die within cold seasons
  - grow seasons
* Most plants display blue flowers
  - pale flowers
* Most plants do best when watered as the soil begins to dry out
  - have four direction symmetry because they are unable to move around
  - emerge in springs
  - enhance expression
  - enjoy a warm, sunny position, and a well-drained soil
* Most plants enter cotyledon stages
  - final stages
  - reproductive stages
  - establish and grow better when planted out as sun-hardened seedlings
* Most plants establish in areas
  - floodplain areas
* Most plants exhibit alternation of generations, which is described as haplodiplodontic
  - different characteristics
  - toxic responses
* Most plants exist in climates
  - countries
  - european countries
* Most plants exist in many countries
  - extract the stored soil moisture in the spring and early summer
  - favored by butterflies prefer sun to partial shade
* Most plants feature flowers
  - pink star flowers
* Most plants feed animals
  - caterpillars
* Most plants find in backyard habitats
  - disturb habitats
  - pasture
  - wetland habitats
  - on earth
  - flower regularly each year but some can be constantly in bloom
  - form dense roots
* Most plants gain nutrients
  - strength
* Most plants generally have broad leaves
  - shallow roots
  - germinate from seeds
* Most plants get bright light
  - direct sunlight
  - enough water
  - essential nutrients
  - indirect sunlight
  - light from the sun
* Most plants get little direct sunlight
  - mineral nutrients
  - much nourishment
  - optimum nutrition
  - their required water and nutrients through their roots
  - give pollen
* Most plants go through growth stages
* Most plants go through several growth stages
* Most plants grow as vines
* Most plants grow at elevation
* Most plants grow best if the light, dark period matches that of their native habitats
  - within a restricted range of soil and air temperature
  - better in soils high in organic matter
  - different places
* Most plants grow during dry periods
  - one or two seasons of the year
  - short summer seasons
  - wet seasons
* Most plants grow for flowers
  - several years
* Most plants grow from fibrous roots
  - long taproots
  - over-wintered tubers germinating near the soil surface
  - seeds as their method of reproducing
  - seeds, which come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and textures
  - their tips to add length
  - wild seeds
  - woody plants
* Most plants grow in alpine regions
  - anaerobic habitats
  - arctic regions
* Most plants grow in arid habitats
  - certain areas
  - cocos
  - competitive environments
  - dense patches
* Most plants grow in different habitats
  - dirt
  - dry climates
  - early springs
  - exotic locations
  - favorable environments
  - fields
  - follow areas
  - full sunlight
  - harsh environments
  - landscapes
  - many different habitats
  - marine environments
* Most plants grow in moist areas
  - more exotic locations
* Most plants grow in natural environments
  - wetland sites
  - nice little streams
  - open areas with full to partial sun
  - other areas
  - particular habitats
  - plant pots
  - ponds
  - protect areas
  - rainforests
* Most plants grow in same areas
  - general habitats
* Most plants grow in shady areas
  - situations
  - small areas
  - subject areas
* Most plants grow in subtropical climates
  - temperate regions
  - terrestrial environments
  - the ground, with stems above, and roots below
* Most plants grow in tropical environments
  - vicinities
  - warm climates
  - wet habitats
  - windy areas
  - wrong places
* Most plants grow many different places
  - other places
  - materials
  - much faster when they are young
  - near plants
* Most plants grow on earth
  - farms
  - floors
  - forest floors
  - ocean floors
  - sandy sea floors
  - soil surfaces
  - steep slopes near the bottoms of the washes
  - water surfaces
  - only during a very short period during their lifetime
* Most plants grow over periods
  - week periods
  - small white flowers
  - through the boundary layer
* Most plants grow to full height
  - large size
  - tree height
  - tops
* Most plants grow under competitive conditions
  - most light spectra , but always prefer a full spectrum light
  - ordinary conditions
  - stressful conditions
  - such conditions
  - well in loams, which contain high percentages of each type of soil
* Most plants have a higher tolerance for pest damage than their owners do
  - nectary inside the flower
  - positive response to water
  - shallow taproot and can be removed without great difficulty
  - single vacuole that takes up much of the cell
  - abnormal development
  - amino acid lysine
  - anatomies
  - appearances
  - aromatic leaves
  - attractive flowers
  - barriers
  - basal leaves
  - beautiful flowers
  - biology
  - black seeds
  - blossoms
  - both sexes in the same plant
  - branch taproots
  - branches
* Most plants have bright flowers
  - bushy appearances
  - cases
  - cell wall development
* Most plants have certain characteristics
  - features
* Most plants have chemical properties
  - structures
  - chlorophyll, a green pigment
  - compositions
  - compound leaves
  - contractile roots
  - cotyledons
  - critical periods of growth during which a lack of water is the most damaging
  - cylindrical flowers
  - dark green leaves
* Most plants have deep roots
  - deficiencies
  - delicate leaves
  - dense foliage
* Most plants have different origins
  - varieties
  - dormant and active cycles
  - drainage
  - drip tips
* Most plants have embryonic leaves
  - seed leaves
  - environmental factors
  - enzymes that are activated by ordinary light to repair UV damage
  - essential lysine
* Most plants have female flowers
  - gametophytes
  - fertilizer
  - few green leaves
* Most plants have fleshy leaves
  - float leaves
* Most plants have flower stalks
* Most plants have fragrant flowers
  - fungal partners
* Most plants have glossy green leaves
  - grain
* Most plants have green foliage
  - leaves which contain chlorophyll so that they can make food
  - grey leaves
  - growth characteristics
  - health benefits
  - healthy life
  - herbaceous stems
  - hereditary factors
  - high mortality
  - hormones
  - indeterminate growth
  - insect pests
  - intact roots
* Most plants have internal arrangements
  - invasive potential
  - juicy fruit
* Most plants have large black seeds
  - oval leaves
* Most plants have leaf anatomies
  - lifespans
  - limits
* Most plants have long lifespans
* Most plants have many beneficial factors
  - medical use
  - mechanisms that assure cross-pollination which produces more genetic variation
  - membranes
  - meristems
  - natural barriers
  - neither
  - nutrient deficiencies
  - one or more dependencies on animals
  - open growth
  - orange flowers
* Most plants have other features
  - structural features
* Most plants have oval leaves
  - shape leaves
  - perfect flowers
  - petals
  - phases
  - pollen grain
  - positive effects
  - potential pests
  - pretty flowers
  - prey insects
  - productive years
  - purple flowers
  - reproductive biology
  - roles
  - root surfaces
* Most plants have roots, stems and leaves
  - stems, leaves and flowers
* Most plants have scent flowers
  - seasonal flowers
  - serious pests
* Most plants have several common names and the aboriginal name where known
  - country names , and country names often refer to several distinct plants
* Most plants have shiny green leaves
  - short period interspersions of repeats and single-copy sequences
  - showy flowers
* Most plants have significant insect pests
  - similar characteristics
* Most plants have single cotyledons
  - flower stems
* Most plants have slender flowers
  - small seeds
  - snapdragon flowers
  - solitary flowers
  - special features
* Most plants have specific characteristics
  - spongy roots
  - spores
  - stamens
  - sticky surfaces
  - stigma
  - stolons
  - stomata, specialized openings in their surface cells that permit gas exchange
* Most plants have strong central stems
  - thorns, but some are thornless
  - succulent leaves
  - sufficient water
  - tall flowers
  - tendencies
* Most plants have thick fleshy leaves
  - thin leaves
  - times throughout the year when they are more attractive than others
* Most plants have tiny gametophytes
* Most plants have toxic effects
  - two recognisable phases - the sporophyte and the gametophyte
  - underground rhizomes
  - unhealthy appearances
* Most plants have unique characteristics
  - upright leaves
  - valuable properties
  - vascular structures
* Most plants have vegetative phases
  - vessels
  - vigorous roots
  - wax in their epidermis
* Most plants have waxy coating
  - width
  - wrinkle seeds
  - yellow, purple or white flowers
  - help birds
  - hold leaves
* Most plants improve cantaloupe flavor
  - inherit the plastids from only one parent
  - invade environments
* Most plants live in aquatic environments
  - dry habitats
  - grassland
  - swampy areas
  - temperate grassland
  - temperature zones
* Most plants live in terrestrial environments, including deserts, grasslands, and forests
  - wet areas
  - look like weeds
* Most plants lose foliage
  - lower leaves
  - their leaves in autumn
* Most plants love light
* Most plants make considerable growth
  - defensive compounds called allomones
  - good root growth
  - poor growth
  - rapid growth
  - slow growth
* Most plants make their own food by a process called photosynthesis
  - by a process calledphotosynthesis
  - proteins using nitrogen from amino acids
  - up diets
  - vigorous growth
* Most plants obtain food
  - important nutrients
  - necessary nutrients
  - their minerals and moisture through roots that are in soil
* Most plants occupy environments
  - mediate environments
* Most plants occur in areas
  - geographical regions
* Most plants occur in specific geographical regions
  - offer diversity
  - outgrow flea beetle damage
* Most plants play ecological roles
  - essential roles
* Most plants play important ecological roles
  - vital roles
* Most plants possess characteristics
* Most plants prefer a humid environment
  - loam soil with good water drainage
  - relatively rich, loamy soil
* Most plants prefer certain conditions
  - growth conditions
  - cooler nighttime temps and warmer daytime temperatures
  - to dry out a little between thorough waterings
  - prevent erosion
* Most plants produce a fibrous root system , a tap root system or a fleshy root system
  - system, a taproot system, or most commonly a combination of both
  - range of fluorocarbons
* Most plants produce abundant harvest
  - aerial roots
  - banana flowers
* Most plants produce beautiful flowers
  - beginnings
  - bisexual flowers with both kinds of gametes
* Most plants produce bright flowers
  - carbon compounds
* Most plants produce chemical compounds
  - crops
* Most plants produce delicate flowers
  - dry matter
  - dull green leaves
* Most plants produce edible flowers
  - starches
  - enough oxygen
  - fibrous seeds
  - flower buds
  - fragrant leaves
  - fronds
  - glucose
* Most plants produce green foliage
  - identical offspring
  - lush growth
* Most plants produce many aerial roots
  - more seeds
  - much pollen
  - net useful energy
  - new leaves and stem growth from some point in spring through midsummer
  - novel compounds
  - numerous offspring
  - offshoots
  - one or more orders of lateral root branches
  - organic compounds
  - ovules
  - own energy
  - pea plants
  - pink flowers
  - pistils
  - seed plants
  - seeds to reproduce
  - shade in varying amounts
  - simple sugar
* Most plants produce single flower buds
  - soybean seeds
  - sweet sugar
  - their own food through a process called photosynthesis
  - thick leaves
  - tough rhizomes
  - turnip roots
  - useful chemical energy
  - yellow leaves
  - yellowish flowers
  - zygospores
  - protect roots
* Most plants provide carbohydrate nutrients
  - enough moisture
  - favorable habitats
  - important habitats
  - nest materials
  - shelter
  - vary diets
  - range in height
* Most plants reach considerable size
  - inch height
  - mature size
* Most plants reach maximum height
  - physiological maturity
  - year maturity
  - react to lack of water by spreading more roots to try to find deeper water sources
  - readily undergo vegetative propagation
* Most plants receive direct sunlight
  - far more water and energy in the form of sunshine than they can use
  - fluorescent light
  - little sunlight
  - ml water
  - reduce erosion
* Most plants release carbon
* Most plants rely on consumption
  - respiration
  - stem photosynthesis
  - remain untested for their medical potential
* Most plants replace nutritious plants
* Most plants reproduce by both self and cross-pollination
  - more of their kind through production of seeds
  - the next generation of flowers by making seeds
* Most plants require a certain number of growing days at warm enough temperatures
  - temperature to grow
  - particular number of days, months, or even years to produce flowers and fruit
  - specific range of temperature and moisture to survive
  - sunny site, a well drained moderately fertile soil, and shelter from winds
  - abundant sunlight
* Most plants require adequate moisture
  - ventilation
* Most plants require blue light
  - daily or weekly watering
  - double fertilization
  - exposure
  - frequent fertilization
* Most plants require full sun exposure
  - light near a window or supplemental artificial light
  - more frequent water
  - shades
  - special attention
  - resemble plants
* Most plants respond best to being pruned in spring and summer while they are most actively growing
  - blue light, which has most energy in it
* Most plants respond to blue light
* Most plants resume growth
  - normal growth
* Most plants retain leaves
  - needles
  - secrete digestive fluid
  - seem to prefer the nitrate form
* Most plants share common characteristics
  - important characteristics
* Most plants shed leaves
* Most plants show adverse effects
  - some combination of primitive and derived characters
  - specific symptoms
  - sold as houseplants have a tropical lineage
* Most plants spread pollen
* Most plants sprout and bear fruit on a yearly schedule, so it's a natural increment
* Most plants start growth
  - their life as some sort of seed
  - stop growing when they receive less than
  - suffer from drought
  - support nutrition
* Most plants survive cold climates
  - nights
  - winter nights
  - drought conditions
* Most plants survive dry conditions
  - for years
  - freeze conditions
  - high temperature climates
* Most plants survive in atmospheres
  - difficult conditions
* Most plants survive in harsh conditions
  - soil conditions
* Most plants take energy
* Most plants take up carbon
  - water through their roots in the ground
  - water and plant nutrients into their roots through the root hairs
  - therefore require nitrogen compounds to be present in the soil in which they grow
* Most plants thrive in acidic habitats
* Most plants thrive in arid conditions
  - bog habitats
  - hostile environments
  - humid environments
  - ideal climates
  - mediterranean climates
  - moist environments
* Most plants thrive in natural climates
  - setting
  - shade areas
  - subtropical regions
  - sunny locations
  - on carbon dioxide, using it for photosynthesis
  - thus require nitrogen compounds to be present in the soil in which they grow
* Most plants tolerate a few months of lower light levels while overwintering
  - turn sunlight
* Most plants typically have dark green leaves
* Most plants undergo evolution
  - genetic evolution
  - modification
* Most plants undergo rapid growth
  - vertical growth
* Most plants use asexual reproduction
  - cam photosynthesis
  - cellulose
* Most plants use clean sea water
  - efficient photosynthesis
  - for purposes
  - gases
  - methods
  - natural gases
  - nitrogen in the form of nitrates
  - nuclear energy
  - plant growth
  - radiation
  - resources
* Most plants use solar energy
  - sunlight energy
  - underground stems
* Most plants utilize energy
  - vary in height
  - withstand mild root infections and appear symptomless
* Most plants yield abundant flowers
* Omphalodes in part shade in well-drained soil.
* Picks Japanese hydrangea vine vigorous, colorful climber, and simple to grow.
* Some plant bugs ragging plants.
* Some plant compounds cause death
  - interfere with metabolism
  - defenses against herbivores can include spines, thorns, or unpleasant odors
  - diseases damage palms
  - estrogens are under study now
  - have horizontal root on the surface to absorb rain water rapidly
  - leaves have areas
* Some plant leaves have large areas
* Some plant nematodes have structures
  - possess hollow stylets
  - oils like palm, palm kernel, and coconut oil are also high in saturated fat
  - organs respond to stimulation by contact or pressure
* Some plant species even depend on fire to germinate their seeds
  - like the potato produce several similar substances at the same time
  - with early-season growth are more susceptible to treatment in the springtime
  - specimens collect in fields
* Some plants absorb copper compounds through their roots
  - neem systemically and are thus protected
  - accumulate water
  - actually contain substances that injure or kill pests
* Some plants add nitrogen to the soil , some take it out
  - warmth
* Some plants affect climates
  - future growth
* Some plants also depend on animals to carry their seeds and other materials away
  - form seeds asexually, termed apomixis , e.g. dandelion
* Some plants also have hairs or trichomes
  - symbolic meanings
  - respond to changes in routine by dropping leaves
  - scavenge mercury
  - store water in their trunks and stems
  - use ozone , a disinfectant that improves the taste, smell and colour of water
* Some plants are able to pollinate themselves or restore themselves repeatedly
  - recognize their own pollen and reject it
  - shut-down for the winter
* Some plants are able to survive fire and some are dependent on it to reproduce
  - in the tundra
  - well grow in saline soil that contains a high concentration of salt
  - actually better food for their pests when under stress
  - adapted in several ways
  - almost entirely yellow colored and similar to chlorina
* Some plants are also dangerous to tortoises
  - really fun to grow because they are so quick to mature
  - annuals
  - aquatic, but most have adapted to become terrestrial
  - better at controlling erosion on banks than others
  - carnivores
  - carnivorous and supplement their mineral supply by eating animals
  - classified as angiosperms
  - common in Europe and India
  - considered weeds by some farmers and crops by others
* Some plants are consumed by anoas
  - dark green, some light green
  - deadly poisonous
* Some plants are dependent on insects to carry pollen from one flower to another
  - upon mammals like bats or hummingbirds
  - directly seeded while others are transplanted
  - distant from their main area or they are on the boundary of it
* Some plants are easier to class as invasive than others
  - dry than others
  - easy to start from seed early and can then be transplanted when it warms up
* Some plants are eaten by caterpillars
  - edible only when properly prepared
* Some plants are especially sensitive to boron accumulation
  - horticultural oils
  - even capable of producing their own insecticides
  - exceptionally susceptible to damages cause by overwatering
  - extraordinarily tolerant of drought
  - extremely difficult to root using other methods
  - food for the emotions and allow access to other dimensions through feelings
  - free-floating such as duckweed or water hyacinth
  - heterotrophs
  - in containers of various sizes
  - incredibly fibrous, like iris swords, and tend to string out rather than cut
  - indeterminant in growth, and continue to grow until killed by frost
  - inherently quite sensitive to oil
  - lethal even though they are natural
  - made for medicine for humans
* Some plants are more adaptable to heavy clay soil, while others require well-drained soil
  - costly to maintain than others
  - prone to salt injury than others
  - resistant than others to viral, bacterial or fungal diseases
* Some plants are more sensitive than others to pesticides
  - to salinity than others, depending on growth habit, root system, etc
  - specific too large for tubes
  - susceptible than others
* Some plants are more susceptible to insect attack than others
  - pathogens at certain times of day than at others
  - tolerant of frost than others
  - mutualistic symbionts, epiphytes, or insectivorous
* Some plants are naturally close pollinated, or self-fertilized
  - disease-resistant, so they require fewer pesticides than others
  - rare in the wild
  - now dependent on certain fertilizers to sustain proper growth
  - oaks
  - only partial parasites
  - over two metres tall and having five flowers on the tips of healthy stems
  - parasitic on others
* Some plants are particularly suited to taking up and storing metals
  - susceptible to sunscald on their trunks
  - perfect for streams and waterfalls, tumbling over rocks and softening the rock edge
  - physically compatible
* Some plants are poisonous or have been sprayed with poisonous pesticides
  - toxic, and they pose additional hazards as well
  - to horses and other livestock
* Some plants are pollinated by fungus feeding flies that visit fungus infected male flowers
  - the wind, and some are pollinated by insects or other small animals
  - really prone to insects
  - recognized by fungal pathogens on the basis of their stomatal pores
  - resistent to different agents
  - said to produce root exudates that suppress herbaceous weeds
* Some plants are sensitive to changes in temperature
  - disturbance
  - low humidity
  - the insecticide malathion
  - serotinous and only disperse their seeds in response to an environmental stimulus
  - slow to divide, such as large, blue colored plants
  - small and mounded with large flowers resting directly on top of the foliage
  - sources of poisons, addictive drugs, and hallucinogens
  - spiny
  - sporadic blooming and bloom as each new growth comes up and matures
  - susceptible to fluoride injury from treated water
  - temperature-sensitive, requiring steady warmth or coolness
  - thin and stringy
  - tolerant of inbreeding and can be self-pollinated
* Some plants are toxic and, if eaten, can cause death
  - in very small amounts
  - to humans and animals
  - used in gardens or parks
* Some plants are useful for humans
  - in repelling pests, while others attract beneficial insect life
* Some plants are very hard to stop once they start growing
  - particular about where they grow
  - small, such as the dwarf willow and partridge grass
* Some plants are very susceptible to certain problems
  - diseases while others have very few, if any, disease problems
  - insect and disease problems
  - tolerant the stress from harsh conditions or extreme variation in condition
  - weak while others are robust
  - widespread throughout many ecosystems and some are found only in the Andes
* Some plants attract ants
  - birds too
  - dragonflies
  - gulls
  - pollen bees
  - rabbits
  - rodents
  - wasps
  - waterfowls
* Some plants bear cylindrical fruit
  - only one flower per stem and are called solitary flowers
* Some plants become agricultural weeds
  - common weeds
  - dominant plant life
  - emergence
  - environmental weeds
  - healthy plants
  - invasive weeds
  - leaf emergence
  - popular houseplants
  - quite bushy while others remain single stemmed
* Some plants become serious environmental weeds
  - stature
  - toxic after wilting
* Some plants benefit from being pinched back
  - the garden by fixing nitrogen, which enriches the soil
  - bleed heavily after pruning
  - bloom at night and fade the following day
* Some plants bloom for several years
* Some plants bloom in early spring, others in late summer, and some bloom for several months
* Some plants bloom only on last year's wood, particularly spring bloomers like lilacs
  - so heavily that the foliage becomes obscured
  - break down acid
* Some plants can absorb carbon dioxide from sediment at their roots
  - alter their metabolism to produce heat
* Some plants can be at least as irritating as animals
  - harmful
  - pulled apart by hand, others require a sharp knife, still others a sharp spade
* Some plants can cause a skin rash
  - considerable stomach upset with vomiting or diarrhea
  - continue without inbreeding from very few or only one plants to select from
  - cope with drought by going into some degree of dormancy
  - cover a fair amount of ground via self-sown seed
  - even be the source for both a spice and an herb
  - flower twice during the same season
  - grow from cut off leaves or stems
* Some plants can grow in deserts
  - more sun than recommend if the soil is ideal
* Some plants can have berries
  - ripen berries
  - the bitter or dangerous parts removed by leaching in running water
* Some plants can help fight cancer, malaria and leukemia
  - strengthen the body and relax the mind
  - live in dry, arid conditions
  - maintain flower temps
  - meet their nitrogen requirements by obtaining it from the atmosphere
  - move a little in response to stimuli from the environment
  - only survive in the dampest of conditions, while others require a drier home
* Some plants can produce clones from horizontal stems, such as runners
  - juvenile hormone mimics to protect themselves from feeding insects
  - reproduce from cuttings
  - send warnings to other individuals
  - stop invading microbes dead
  - store water in root structures, trunk structures, stems, and leaves
* Some plants can survive easily through the winter by entering to a resting stage
  - for many years as seeds
  - tolerate as little as three hours of direct sunlight
* Some plants can tolerate more damage than others
  - variation in water level than others
  - salt water
  - turn their leaves so only the leaf margin faces the sun
  - can, over time, adapt to changing salinity conditions
  - care about their soil
* Some plants cause crop destruction
  - ecological problems
  - injuries
  - irritation
  - other ecological problems
  - skin irritation
  - sudden death
  - change their form as they mature
  - classified as endangered are orchids, cacti and some bromeliads
  - collapse from fungal infection early in the field tests
  - come back every year from the same seed like bulb plants
* Some plants come from families
  - rhizome which is more mature than others
  - in both annual and perennial varieties like clover
* Some plants come into flowers
  - their own in winter such as sedums with their showy seed heads
* Some plants consist of fronds
  - leaf fronds
* Some plants contain acid
  - beans
  - caffeine
  - components
  - compounds that slow microbial decay
  - enzymes that can destroy contaminants
  - fatty acid
  - higher concentrations of certain flavonoids
  - juice
  - latex
  - more protein or oil than others
  - multiple forms of invertase
  - nasty toxins
  - natural estrogens
  - phytochemicals that have effects on the body
  - phytoecdysones , which are structurally similar to the insect ecdysones
  - phytonutrients that are chemically similar to progesterone
  - rubber
  - saponins, which are detergents, or soaps, and present another danger for horses
* Some plants contain several components
  - such components
  - significant amounts of soluble and insoluble fiber
  - silica
  - substances that cause moderate to severe reactions when eaten by humans
  - toxic components
  - xylem
* Some plants convert salt water
* Some plants cope with desert conditions by growing only where the environment is milder
  - water loss problems
* Some plants cover ground at an amazing rate and are best used in relatively rough areas
  - mulch
* Some plants create dependency
* Some plants depend directly on bats for pollination or seed dispersal
* Some plants develop dew
  - extremely dangerous fungal toxins
* Some plants develop from germinate spores
  - into adults
  - seeds without fertilization, however
  - small concentric rings on the foliage or fruit
  - water-storing strategies
  - within ovaries
* Some plants die after flowers
  - at the time when their fruits mature i.e. cereals, peas, soybeans, etc
  - from root rot organisms that enter the damaged roots
  - if they have too much sunshine
  - of thirsts
  - display cotyledons
* Some plants do best in partial shade
  - better in an alkali soil than in an acidic soil and vice versa
  - cross-fertilize in nature
  - much better with what's called bottom heat
  - thrive off salt water
* Some plants do well in low light levels, some in high
  - only when grown from seed
* Some plants drop fruit
  - lower leaves as the plant matures
* Some plants eat animals such as ants and flies
  - meat
  - emerge in autumn
* Some plants emit the hydrocarbon isoprene from their leaves when T and light are high
  - their own chemical cry for help when being eaten by insects
  - encourage estrogen production and thus discourage male fertility
  - enhance water clarity
* Some plants enter deep dormancy
* Some plants enter rest periods at some time of the year
  - during the fall and winter in response to shortening days
  - summer dormancy
  - winter dormancy
  - equip their seeds to fly with the wind
* Some plants even act like pitchers and trap water in their funnel shaped foliage
  - attract beneficial insects
  - do tricks, like the evening primroses that open at dusk on summer nights
  - grow little plants on their leaves or root when a piece of stem is buried
  - have no leaves or small seasonal leaves that grow after it rains
  - live on others
  - evolve woody stems
  - exhibit damage
* Some plants exist as the chicken or the diploid phase
  - experience complete darkness
  - exude chemicals which can control other forms of life
* Some plants feed birds
  - cattle
  - grasshoppers
* Some plants find in deserts
  - prairie
  - wet prairie
  - fix carbon
* Some plants flower early in the Spring
  - growing season, while some flower later in the year
  - immediately after snow melting or soil thawing
  - only during a certain time of the year
  - follow patterns
* Some plants form basal rosettes
* Some plants form dense mats
  - large colonies
  - only a few seeds, while others form many seeds
  - pollen that fertilizes eggs in the flower or cone, others produce spores
  - roots much more easily than others
  - shoot buds easily and the plant becomes a pest
  - spiny mats
  - tight rosettes
  - vegetative colonies
  - gain sustenance
* Some plants germinate in either light or dark conditions
* Some plants get food
  - plant food
  - so hungry they eat flies, spiders, and even small frogs
  - their start through what is called asexual, or vegetative, reproduction
  - tough plant food
* Some plants give off emit vapor
* Some plants go dormant in winter
  - when drought occurs and shed their leaves so that water loss is reduced
* Some plants graft naturally
  - well, others fail to transplant
* Some plants grow along edges
  - lagoons
  - narrow streams
  - readsides
  - roads
* Some plants grow as herbs
* Some plants grow at ambient concentration
  - current ambient concentration
  - desert museums
* Some plants grow at elevate concentration
  - ozone concentration
* Some plants grow best in a hot sun, others thrive with a couple of hours of daily shade
  - cold rainy weather
  - full sun while others prefer partial shade
* Some plants grow better at one time of the year than others
  - in water, while others grew well in dry soil
  - cattails
  - embryos
  - few feet
* Some plants grow for fruit
  - long time
* Some plants grow from buds
  - bulbs which can grow small new bulbs at the root level
  - leaf tips
  - shape bulbs
  - stumps
  - higher than others for sunlight
* Some plants grow in alpine tundra
  - aquaria
  - arid zones
  - beds
  - canyon bottoms
  - chambers
  - cliffs
  - clumps to protect one another from the wind and cold
  - coastal cliffs
  - communities
  - cool weather
  - cracks
* Some plants grow in deep shades
  - difficult terrains
* Some plants grow in dry deserts
  - elevate ozones
  - forests or caves that get very little sunlight
  - garden beds
  - growth chambers
  - high salinity
  - isolation
  - lakes
  - mass
  - neighborhoods
  - nurseries
  - oceans
  - partial shades
  - plots
  - rock gardens
* Some plants grow in salt lakes
  - second years
  - shallow water
  - soil that has collected in the cracks of rocks
  - soil-free environments
  - stand water
* Some plants grow in steep cliffs
  - the hot, dry desert
  - thickness
  - troughs
  - vertical cliffs
  - near truffles
  - nettles
  - nodes
* Some plants grow on beaches
* Some plants grow on dry beds
  - river beds
  - face slopes
  - ledges
  - limestone pavement
  - ranges
  - southward slopes
  - thorny bushes
  - tree trunks
  - wastewater
* Some plants grow over many years
  - several feet
  - to feet
  - under shades
  - underground stems called rhizomes
  - underwater
  - well together
  - with compost
  - handle drought stress better than others
* Some plants have a different way of protecting themselves
  - dry dehiscent fruit which, when split open and helps disseminate seeds
  - high capability of accumulating metals from the soil
  - higher tolerance for salt than others
  - natural bushy habit, with each stem creating further side shoots
  - new chute growing beside the existing stalk
  - abundances
  - adaptive ability
  - additional systems to remove nutrients and pathogens
  - adequate leaf areas
  - an equally infallible method of sex-determination
  - antibacterial activities
  - arch habits
  - aromatic foliage and stems in addition to or rather than aromatic flowers
  - barbs or similar mechanisms on their seeds
  - beneficial fungi
  - big wide leaves and some have spiked ones
  - biomass
  - bloom habits
  - both edible and poisonous parts
* Some plants have both male and female flowers, others have one or the other
  - branch habits
  - broad blades
  - burrs attached to their seeds
  - bushy habits
  - buttress roots
  - canes
  - capsules
  - catkins
  - channels
  - circles
  - clear gels
  - coats
  - compact habits
  - cones
  - cool towers
* Some plants have deep hollows called domatia in the biologocial terminology
  - red new growth
  - develop vascular tissue
* Some plants have different growth requirements
  - nutrient requirements
  - rooting ability at different times of the year
  - digestion
  - distribution
  - double flowers
  - dry biomass
  - emissions
  - exceedingly long life-spans
  - extremely hairy leaves or thick, waxy cuticles that deter insect feeding
* Some plants have flower heads
  - spikes
  - flowers that are small, colourless or green or brown and are often hard to notice
  - flowers, while some have different kinds of seeds
  - fruit capsules
  - glands
  - glandular hairs on their leaves, stems, and pods
  - glossy coats
  - good green color
  - great medicinal value, some are quite poisonous
* Some plants have green algas
* Some plants have grow algas
  - growth habits
  - hairs on their stems that keep robbers from even reaching the flower cluster
  - hard tissue
  - hard, waxy seed coats that are nearly waterproof
  - hearts
* Some plants have high values
  - water requirements
  - holes
  - inflorescences
  - irregular areas
  - juicy fruit that animals like to eat
* Some plants have large cool towers
  - vacuoles
* Some plants have leaf areas
  - lilies
* Some plants have long inflorescences
  - roots called taproots
  - shoots and spur shoots , on which flowering often occurs
  - slender stems that develop roots when they touch the ground
  - longer life spans than others
  - low tolerance
  - lower resistance
  - male flowers, others female flowers that form fruit
  - marvelous leaves that look great in arrangements
  - maximum leaf areas
  - meristematic tissue in unexpected places
* Some plants have more pronounced sex organs than others
  - than one stem while some single-stem plants clump together
  - motors that are one-fifth the size of bacterial motors
* Some plants have multiple trunks
  - national societies working on their behalf
  - native plant abundances
  - natural defenses against fire
  - necks
  - niches
  - one leaf to start their lives out with, and some have a pair
* Some plants have optimum ranges
  - temperature ranges
  - other bark characteristics which can be mistaken for problems
  - pads
  - parts that are safe only during a certain stage of their growth
  - peculiar habits
  - principles
  - prominent blotches in yellow or gold, while others are uniform in color
  - protective coats
  - rainwater
  - red color
  - reputations
  - roots and are securely rooted into rocks
* Some plants have roots that can produce new plants from root pieces, such as a sweet potato
  - originate above ground from stems or leaves
  - rough texture
  - second year plants
  - seed pods that explode and send all the seeds all over the ground
* Some plants have seeds contained in large pods
  - within fruits acting as kites or propellers that aid in wind dispersal
  - without flowers such as a pine tree
  - sepals
  - separate individual plants
  - sharp needles
  - silver sheen
  - single spikes
* Some plants have slender capsules
  - small distribution ranges and others are widespread
  - soft, fuzzy leaves or flowers, like lamb's ear, woolly thyme, and pussy willow
  - spears
  - specific pH preferences
  - spinach
  - sprawl habits
  - sticky pads
  - strong odor
  - structural modification
  - substances that are very irritating to the tongue, mouth and skin
* Some plants have tall flower spikes
  - terminal inflorescences
  - the ability to sprout when the above ground portion has been burned
  - their seeds opened up and exposed to ash-enriched soils
* Some plants have thick coats
* Some plants have thick waxy coats
  - thicker leaves, like magnolia
  - three or four tunnels per stalk
  - tolerance ranges
  - unique ways to disperse their seeds
* Some plants have upright growth habits
  - variations in foliage colour from one time of the year to the next
  - very long roots which grow in to the ground to reach underground water sources
* Some plants have waxy coats
  - surfaces to cut down on evaporation
  - webbing roots that look like a lot of hairs in a ball or clump
* Some plants have wide host ranges
  - wildfires
  - wind burn from the windy conditions
  - wind-dispersed seeds, which are occasionally blown many miles from their origins
* Some plants help animals
  - burns
  - minor burns
* Some plants help prevent cardiovascular diseases
  - hide deadly poisons in their leaves, seeds, flowers or berries
  - improve digestion
* Some plants increase diversity
  - soil erosion
  - turbidities
  - infected with rose mosaic virus remain symptomless
  - inhibit growth
  - initiate flowering after having undergone exposure to a period of cold
* Some plants invade areas
  - farmland
  - lawns
  - natural areas
  - irritate skin
* Some plants just get bigger and bigger in size
  - like to grow and show
  - take longer to wake up from their naps
  - kill plants
  - know as ferns
* Some plants lack flower petals
  - layer themselves naturally, but sometimes plant propagators assist the process
  - lead to specialization
* Some plants lend themselves to an upright posture
  - home germination better than others
  - listed as annuals are actually tender perennials
* Some plants live for centuries
  - decades
* Some plants live in arid conditions
  - estuaries
  - fresh water and some live in salt water
  - rivers
  - savanna
* Some plants look like cacti
* Some plants lose little moisture
  - their gloss and start to droop a little before wilting
  - love sunny windows and others love shade
* Some plants make a cover for their seeds
  - lot of seeds , some make only a few
  - companion plants
  - cut flowers
  - daughter plants at the rosette base or along the rhizome
* Some plants make great cut flowers
  - house plants
  - meals
  - nectar outside the flower
  - next meals
  - pot plants
  - powerful allies in the battle against harmful insects
  - substances that can kill an animal that ingests the plant
  - use of multiple vectors, but many are highly specialised
  - mate by sending their pollen, which is like sperm, out to fertilize other plants
  - mature early, some late
  - mix with water
  - move water faster than others
  - naturally attract lots of butterflies
* Some plants obtain energy
* Some plants occur in counties
  - day deserts
* Some plants offer biological potency
  - their seeds without juicy pulp to attract mammals
  - only bear leaves and flowers once , then they die
* Some plants originate from environments
  - in places
* Some plants perform best when given more of a certain color light
  - better in the shade, some in full sun
  - photosynthesize in full sunlight while others function better in shaded environments
  - play possum until the water comes
  - pollinated by night-flying moths only open their flowers at night
* Some plants possess ability
* Some plants prefer a more alkaline soil, while others prefer a more acid soil
  - acidic, while other prefer alkaline
  - average humidity
  - disturb areas
* Some plants prefer more moisture, while others are better at tolerating drought
  - water than others
  - soils of a certain pH value and others of another
  - staying on the dry side, others, like to be consistently moist
  - the ammonium form of N, and others like to take up nitrate first
  - to dry out a bit between waterings
* Some plants prefer wet areas, some prefer dry ones
  - soils, while others like a dry site
  - wet, boggy soil
* Some plants prevent diseases
  - outbreaks
  - process non-Kosher soups and sauces
* Some plants produce a modified stem that is referred to as a tuberous stem
  - adventitious shoots and suckers that form along their lateral roots
  - an underground food storage organ
  - antibodies
  - bananas
  - better rooting when cuttings are taken from juvenile parts of the plant
* Some plants produce both eggs and sperm
  - parasitic roots and ordinary roots for absorp- tion of water from the soil
  - cell types
* Some plants produce chemicals from their roots that retard the growth of other nearby plants
  - that deter the pest
  - cobs
  - cucumbers
  - edible fruit
  - electricity
* Some plants produce female cones
  - flowers when they turn into adults
  - flowers, transforming to a bulb, and the bulb is the seed container
* Some plants produce fruit stalks
  - that is attractive
  - grapes
  - green peas
  - gummosis or sap that traps insects
  - healthy fruit
  - high quality fruit
  - large amounts of tiny light pollen grains which blow over long distances
  - large, sweet, perishable fruits
  - long stalks
  - materials which mimic insect hormones
  - melons
  - much fruit
  - multicellular organs
* Some plants produce new plant shoots from their root systems
  - plants on their own
  - oblong fruit
  - offspring which are genetically similar to themselves
  - oils which can cause skin irritation
  - palm oil
  - phloem
  - pineapples
  - poisonous chemicals that discourage or even kill plant eaters
  - pollen cones
  - poor quality fruit
* Some plants produce red berries
  - rhizomes and suckers which are identical to the parent plant
  - seeds by an asexual process called apomixis
  - shape fruit
* Some plants produce small cones
  - round berries
  - so many seeds and volunteer plants that they become overcrowded and invasive
  - soft fruit
  - storage organs
  - sugary fruit
  - sweet fruit
  - tall stalks
  - tasty fruit
  - tendrils
  - thin stalks
  - toxic chemicals that can kill pathogens
  - toxins which can kill insects that feed on plants
  - tropical fruit
  - turnips
  - two kinds of flowers on the same plant
  - underground storage organs
  - up to fruit
  - variegated leaves for genetic reasons
  - yellow fruit
  - yellow, white, red, or pink flowers
* Some plants propagate naturally by layering, but sometimes plant propagators assist the process
  - e.g., raspberries, strawberries, and chrysanthemums
* Some plants protect blossoms
  - embryonic sporophytes
  - their buds as an adaptive strategy to survive a fire
  - themselves using cunning tricks with molucules
* Some plants provide excellent hide places
  - extrafloral nectaries to attract ants
  - good food
  - sanctuaries
* Some plants reach adulthood
  - react to cold temperatures by developing dark, almost black leaves that curl
* Some plants receive energy
  - recycle cooling water
* Some plants reduce consumption
  - transpiration
* Some plants reduce water consumption
  - loss by reducing heating by the sun
  - refuse to flower, while others drop flower buds and foliage when exposed to gases
  - regenerate quickly while others take many years longer to regenerate
  - release defensive chemicals into the soil through their roots
  - rely more on heat, others more on light
* Some plants rely on animals
  - fungal mycorrhizae for their sugars and some depend on saprophytic soil fugus
  - nitrogen extracted from air and other
  - symbiotic fungi
* Some plants remain plants
  - rosetted all season
* Some plants remove carbon dioxide
  - toxins from the environment and can be used to control indoor air quality
  - water from foundation soil, causing a drying effect
* Some plants replace seedlings
  - reproduce asexually but are multi-cellular
* Some plants reproduce by a mixture of outcrossing, selfing, and asexual reproduction
  - asexual means
  - producing seeds
  - to form similar identical plants by sending out runners e.g. strawberry
* Some plants reproduce use haploid spores
  - via a system of above-ground runners
  - without seeds
* Some plants require a drop in night temperature to bloom
  - particular night length to flower
  - soil very high in organic materials that have an acid reaction
  - all day sun to be at their best
  - as little as one-tenth of full sunlight
  - full sun all day
  - high humidity to survive
  - irrigation
* Some plants require lots of potassium, more than any other nutrient
  - warm sunshine, but others are okay with just a few hours of cool light
  - moist soil, some a drier soil
* Some plants require more effort than others
  - water and some plants require less water
  - much more frequent application of water as opposed to others
  - quarantine
  - special mixes, e.g., bromeliads, orchids, and African violets
  - very specialised environments while others are more tolerant
  - watering more often
  - wetting and drying cycles to reproduce, such as river red gums
* Some plants resemble basils
  - buttercups
  - celery
  - tree ferns
* Some plants respond to attacks
  - herbivory by modifying their architecture
  - insect attacks
  - resprout from the roots after a fire
  - retain petioles
  - root so readily from stem or tip cuttings they can be started in plain tap water
  - scatter their seeds by using the wind
* Some plants secrete nectar
  - wax in small quantity but some are regular source of commercial wax
  - seems to have been infected by a foliar fungal disease, brown spot
* Some plants send roots all the way to the ground
  - up shoots from their roots and form big clumps of stalks and leaves
  - serve as food
  - shed spores
  - shield their leaves with a thick, waxy cuticle
* Some plants show colorful orange and red tints rather than yellowing
  - dark green, water-soaked areas in leaves which expand rapidly
  - excellent tolerance to anoxia
  - foliage damage to the tops with actual loss currently being measured
  - greater attractiveness than others
  - ion uptake
  - leaf damage from the recent freeze
  - no early symptoms of drought stress
  - only moderate stunting
  - stress from the dry weather
  - uneven fruit setting due to the earlier freeze
* Some plants simply break in a heavy storm
  - evade drought
* Some plants spread flowers
* Some plants sprout from rhizomes
  - start flowers
  - stop other plants seeds from sprouting, seem like some just retard other plants roots
  - store protective chemicals in the leaves they drop
  - suffer extinction
* Some plants suffer from deficiencies
* Some plants support adult butterflies
  - their larvae while others support adult butterflies
* Some plants suppress accumulation
  - survive bitter winter
* Some plants survive cold weather
* Some plants survive dry seasons
  - entire seasons
* Some plants survive first grow seasons
* Some plants survive for decades
  - hard frost
  - in zones
  - last frost
  - light frost
  - mild winter
  - quakes
  - wet winter
* Some plants take advantage of rivers, floods, rain, or ocean currents to disperse their seeds
  - as much water during their first year of establishment as any other plant
  - less pruning than others
  - longer to root than others
  - over gardens
* Some plants take up and store fluorides in their leaves and stems
  - excess carbon dioxide
  - more or less of certain chemicals from the ground than others
* Some plants tend to be more robust than others
  - bud out earlier than others
  - continue growing, despite cold temperatures and reduced day length
  - grow upright with little lateral growth
  - hold the soap solution on their leaf surfaces
* Some plants thrive in partial shade, others tolerate heavy shade
  - particularly well in an indoor environment
  - under moist conditions while other plants grow well when kept drier
* Some plants tolerate damage
  - dry conditions better than others
  - moderate drought
  - neglect better than others
  - touch surfaces
  - transformed with pieces of viral genomes are resistant to viral infection
  - transpire large amounts of water, while others use relatively little
  - try to protect themselves, as with the palm with spikes below
* Some plants turn black, or show dead spots in leaf midribs
  - in respect to sun
  - purple at harvest time
  - towards light or water
  - typically have flowers
  - undergo mitosis
* Some plants use animals to spread their fruits and seeds
  - chemical defences
  - different strategies
  - fission fusion
  - for tea
  - fossil fuel
  - generalist pollinators
* Some plants use in folk medicine
  - mexican traditional medicine
  - south african traditional medicine
  - moving water to scatter their seeds
  - nuclear fission
  - poisons to protect themselves from hungry animals
* Some plants use the heat to their advantage
  - wind to carry their pollen whereas others use insects
  - thorns to protect themselves from being eaten by larger animals
  - uranium
  - various strategies
  - wind to disperse pollen
* Some plants utilize gases
  - insects in their defense
  - nitrogen gases
* Some plants yield berries
  - peanuts
  - vegetables
* absolutely do eat.
* absorb a narrow range of light in the blue and red spectrums
  - all colors of light except for green
  - and use carbon dioxide, and put oxygen back into the air
  - blue and red light best, in white light
* absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen
  - release oxygen through photosynthesis
  - from the air and release oxygen during the process of photosynthesis
* absorb carbon dioxide from the air, during the process of photosynthesis
  - through the stomata present in their leaves
* absorb carbon dioxide through openings in the leaves, called stomata
  - excess nitrogen from fertilizer runoff
  - groundwater and use it to make food through photosynthesis
* absorb it from the air during photosynthesis
  - atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide
* absorb light by using it leaf and absorb water by using it roots
  - of many wavelengths, but mostly in the blue and red range
  - primarily using the pigment chlorophyll
  - metals and other soil components so long as the particles are small enough
  - minerals and water through their root hair cells
* absorb minerals from the soil and are, therefore, subject to local variations
  - minerals, such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, from the soil
  - nitrates from the soil
  - nitrogen through their root systems
  - noise
* absorb nutrients from soil
  - the surrounding area
  - phosphates from the soil or from water and build organic compounds
  - phosphorus through their roots in the form of phosphate
  - salt and nutrients in water trough the root
  - some uranium from soil
  - sunlight to make sugar
  - tebuthiuron from the soil and metabolize it
* absorb the carbon dioxide and release oxygen
  - dissolved phosphate and build phosphorus into organic compounds
  - iron through the leaves
  - light from the sun into small green pigments in the leaves called chlorophyll
  - nitrogen that is left in decay products such as ammonia or ammonium
  - red and blue wavelengths of light energy, and reflect the green wavelength
  - sun's energy in a process called photosynthesis
  - their nutrients in inorganic form
* absorb water and minerals and create flowers and leaves
  - in a process called osmosis
  - the nutrients from the water via their roots systems
  - from soil and groundwater stores
* absorb water from the earth
  - ground up through their roots
* absorb water through their roots through a process called osmosis
  - roots, and carbon dioxide through their leaves
* accumulate energy through photosynthesis
  - increased pathogen resistance and hardiness
* actively repond to human attention.
* actually are more adaptable than most people
  - have some hemoglobin
  - respond to the length of the dark period, rather than the light
  - use sunlight to convert air into food
* adapt in order to survive
  - the size and shape of their organs in response to external conditions
  - their growth and development to their local environment
* adapt to environmental change through physical adaptation
  - survive in the big blue
* adapt to the climates and soils of each mountain ecosystem, from grassland to cloudforest
  - environment by modifying their leaves, stem and roots
  - hot, dry terrain by growing small leaves
  - inhospitable soil
* adapt to their environment when conditions change
  - environments and so certain plants are only found in certain climates
  - environments... or they cease to exist
  - weather conditions
* adapted to drought are called xerophytes
  - environments where there is little water are
  - self-fertilize often have similar stamen and carpel lengths
* add life and color to a home environment
  - oxygen to the water and use up carbon dioxide only wen they are actively making food
* adds nitrogen to the soil.
* adjust to the conditions of their environment through growth responses.
  - quality of life in more intangible ways
* affected by root rot show an inward curling of the leaves.
* afford protection from predators and the elements and provide nesting sites for birds.
* alliums such as garlic and chives.
* alone can synthesize living matter by the process of photosynthesis.
* already produce a limited number of monomers.
* also absorb nutrients through small openings in leaves, the stomata
  - rainfall into the soil, reducing soil erosion and runoff
  - adapt to their environments in order to survive
* also appear to be at risk from a cascade of extinctions
  - relatively intolerant of grazing
  - are injured when insects lay eggs in green twigs
* also attract chi
  - insects, worms, and spiders which, in turn, act as food for other wildlife
  - can participate in a number of benign or beneficial interactions with microbes
  - carry immune receptors that recognize highly variable pathogen effectors
* also compete for space, nutrients and resources such as water and sunlight
  - with each other for light and minerals
  - contribute to human habitat by maintaining water quality
  - convert sunlight into other forms of energy
  - depend on animals for energy
* also differ in the extent and distribution of their root systems
  - their ability to survive frost and their sun or shade requirements
  - do some respiration using oxygen the way animals do
  - eliminate waste by the accumulation of waste in the vacuoles of the aging leave cells
  - emit pheromone cues which dictate insect behaviors
  - feed animals and feed people, for one form of chemical energy
  - filter out nutrients and sediments
* also get food from the soil
  - yucky things that come from fungi
* also grow faster after a burn
  - from buds on root fragments cut by cultivation or other equipment
  - great in a gravel and sand mix
  - rapidly to flowering size
  - grow, reproduce mostly by producing seeds during their lifetime and die
* also have a high level of construction called plant tissue systems
  - axillary buds along the sides of their stems which are usually dormant
  - different shapes
  - homeobox-containing genes
  - immune systems
  - little ability to adapt to the changing climate
  - natural defense mechanisms, similar to the immune system of humans
  - special means to ensure cross-pollination
* also have the ability to reproduce through seeds, stems, etc
  - advantage that they bind the soil, reducing soil erosion
  - same mechanism as animals to maintain homeostasis
  - to defend against insects
* also help filter water that is then stored in mountains, streams, lakes, and aquifers
  - fix up the look of a home
  - produce oxygen and remove carbon dioxide aboard a spacecraft
* also help to keep our world looking the way it is
  - the water clean, and produce oxygen in the daytime
  - lack the means to move on their own as well as a nervous system
  - live in communities, such as in the forest
  - look nice as a groundcover around shrubs
  - love the season and begin growing new roots, foliage, and flowers
  - make many other toxic compounds
  - manufacture vitamin E which protects the fatty structures of the body
  - migrate to new habitats through dispersal of their seeds
  - modify and develop the soil
  - play a role in the water cycle
* also possess a third genome in their chloroplasts
  - morphogenesis whereby tissues and organs are dif- ferentiated and developed
  - prevent erosion and produce oxygen
  - process agricultural products for export
* also produce fewer and smaller flowers and appear nutrient deficient
  - hormones and respond to external stimuli
  - many by-products such as turpentine, dyes, resin, mulch, decorative bark, etc
  - oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis
  - wood which is still the most common fuel on the planet
* also provide a surface for microbial colonization
  - balance to our earth
* also provide cover and nesting habitat which songbirds seek out each spring
  - for the birds
  - hiding places and shade
  - organic matter to the soil, contributing to soil fertility or water retention
* also provide the animals with shade and shelter
  - four basic needs of most wildlife
  - raise the amount of oxygen in the air and reduce stuffiness
* also reduce standing water and runoff by making the surface more permeable
  - the impact of raindrops on exposed soil, decreasing erosion
  - regenerate from perennating buds located on caudices and rhizomes
  - rely on the uptake of a wide range of different elements dissolved in soil water
* also remove calcium and magnesium
  - greenhouse gas from the air, provide habitat to many animals
  - reproduce vegetatively from underground stems
* also require cellular respiration
  - copper in minute amounts
  - phosphate, which is exceptionally low in the soils of many tropical nations
  - respire, as do animals
* also respond to changes in humidity
  - day length, temperature and other environmental factors
  - stimuli, but usually in ways very different from animals
  - the cooler days
  - their environment in a way to optimize their own growth
  - wind or touch
  - root from cuttings but are susceptible to nematodes
* also seem to know the difference between rain and irrigation
  - listen to the vibrations of one another
  - serve other purposes - they purify the water, generate oxygen, and scrub carbon dioxide
  - show activity periodicity
  - soak up nutrients from the soil
  - stabilize mobile contaminated sediments by forming dense root mats under the surface
* also store vitamin K in their fruits and seeds as well
  - waste within their leaves or barks
  - strike readily from cuttings of hardened new growth
  - sucker readily and new clumps appear regularly beside established plants
* also suffer - growth slows, stops or worse
  - the effects of ozone
  - survive cold winters better in loamy, humus-rich soils
* also take in carbon dioxide and in doing so help to regulate the air temperature
  - dioxide, release oxygen, and filter the air to some extent
  - up excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus wastes from the fish
  - try to stay as cool as possible
  - undergo a winter slowdown
* also use glucose to make cellulose , a substance they use to grow and build cell wall s
  - oxygen found in the air in order to use the food energy that they have made
  - scents to repel or kill insects or to communicate with other plants
  - sugars as building blocks for other organic compounds, including cellulose
  - volatile compounds to warn other plants
* alstroemeria in full sun in well-drained soil.
* amaryllis bulbs in pots, leaving the necks of the bulbs exposed above the soil.
* appear as if they are suffering a nutritional deficiency
  - dwarfed and bushy because internodes are shortened
  - gray early on
  - grayish green in color
* appear green because chlorophyll absorbs other colors and reflects green
  - their main pigments absorb green light
  - in various shades of green
* appear stunted and slow growing from feeding injury on roots and rhizomes
  - wilt in hot, dry weather
  - stunted, chlorotic and wilted even when soil moisture is high
* appear to be frost tolerant
  - more robust in open marshes
  - very compact with short internodes and many side shoots
* appear to have allelopathic properties
  - inherited the alternation of generations from the multicellular green algae
  - tolerate relatively high tissue concentrations of molybdenum
  - unthrifty, small, and weak
  - water soaked and die rapidly
  - windburned with dehydrated leaf margins in the upper canopy
* appreciate average to lean soils in full sun
  - consistent soil moisture
  - rich, moist soil in the back of the border, in sun or part-shade
* are Earth's fundamental food
  - Living Things
* are a common cause of poisoning to preschoolers
  - direct or indirect source of food for most organisms living on earth
  - finite and precious resource that requires efficient, wise and sustainable management
  - fundamental part of the food chain and essential to life
  - main source of food for both humans and animals
* are a major food source for many other organisms
  - source of iron for most of the world s people
  - necessary living link in the web of life
  - part of the spirit world and people can connect to the spirit world through plants
  - primary form of organic material
  - third element
* are a very important part of the habitats animals live in
  - strong ecological factor
  - vital component of the Earth
* are able absorb dissolved solids only when they are present in a very dilute form
  - sufficiently to accumulate most trace elements
  - to close stomata
* are able to make their own food by photosynthesis
  - food using energy from the sun
  - manufacture food through a process called photosynthesis
  - metabolize amitrole
  - mix carotenoids in just the right proportions to produce the desired colors
  - respond to pathogen attack to restrain development of a systemic infection
  - sense seasonal changes
  - specifically recognize pathogens and actively respond
  - store energy in the chemical bonds of sugar molecules
  - survive because they contain chlorophyll to make food
  - take up nutrients much more efficiently in at least gently flowing water
* are able to transform the energy of the sun into growth in their leaves, stems and fruit
  - selenium they absorb into organic compounds
  - use ammonia as a source of nitrogen
  - withstand fire
* are about knee high and upper leaves are sporulating heavily
  - two feet tall and the color light green
  - absolutely dependent on light for their survival
  - abundant on Earth because they can survive in a variety of climates
  - actually a phenomenal organism
  - adaptable to various pH ranges
  - adaptable, tolerating moist or moderately dry soil
* are adapted to a wide variety of habitats
  - live in a wide variety of places
  - obtain light and food efficiently through photosynthesis
  - survive between a minimum and a maximum limits of temperature
  - turn their leaves towards a light source
* are affected by light, nnutrients and space
  - multiple pathogens throughout their lifetime
  - all multicellular eukaryotes and most live on land
  - allotetraploids
* are also a cost-effective way of cleaning up hazardous waste
  - autotrophic, or photosynthetic
  - capable of rapid and reversible changes in shape
  - divided into avoiders and tolerators
  - excellent indicators of the climate in which they live
  - good so that the females have plenty of hiding spaces
* are also important components of our recreational and home landscapes
  - to water regeneration
  - indicators of lake water quality
  - phototropic, which means they grow towards sources of light
  - popular subjects for photographers and artists
  - relevant, especially when they are threatened or sensitive
  - subject to the same sorts of forces as animals
  - susceptible to minute pH changes in the soil
* are also the basis for agriculture, aquaculture and horticulture
  - homes of many animals, small and big
  - oldest living things
  - source of beverages produced either by infusion, such as coffee and tea
  - useful as nesting materials for most birds
  - very active
* are always at the bottom of the food chain or web
  - green, blossoming in all seasons
  - amazingly adaptable organisms
* are an example of autotrophs
  - important component for space-based and extraterrestrial life support systems
* are an important component of regenerative life support systems for long-duration missions
  - wildlife habitat
  - food source or habitat for many different reef animals
  - source of food and shelter for insects in the blast zone
  - integral part of our daily life
  - investment in time and money
  - annuals that are very susceptible to frost
* are as interesting and diverse as animals
  - intricate and complicated as animals
* are at roughly the two leaf stage
  - the base of the food chain
* are at the bottom of the energy pyramid and are vital to all organisms
  - their most efficient in average levels of sunlight
  - work in winter, too
* are attractive hosts for microorganisms since they provide a variety of nutrients
  - to teething children and pets
  - autotroph, meaning they get energy from other resources such as sunlight
  - autotrophic in nutritional mode, making their food by photosynthesis
  - autotrophic, meaning they are self-feeding
* are autotrophs and the primary producers in most ecosystems
  - meaning they make their own food
  - autotrophs, meaning they produce their own food using energy from the sun
* are available in a wide variety of flower colors and growth habits
  - many forms, and have small fruits of various shapes and colors
  - basic to the existence of natural habitats and their communities, as well as to humans
  - believed to have evolved directly from prokaryotic cyanobacteria
  - bent and stems and branches are broken
  - best divided just as the leaves are emerging in the spring or after flowering
  - biennials or short-lived perennials
  - big enough by the beginning of the next season to yield stumps
  - biological solar energy collectors
  - bolt and frost resistant
  - books
  - both beautiful and helpful to the environment
  - brittle and break easily
  - brownish green and can be either dull or glossy
* are by far the main primary producers of food
  - most important, as they compete with the algae for light and nutrients
* are called autotrophs
  - primary producers in food chains
* are called producers because they produce food
  - their own energy
* are capable of blooms
  - manufacturing food through a process known as photosynthesis
  - parasitizing numerous grass species
  - receiving genetic information from viruses by horizontal gene transfer
  - removing large quantities of water from soils
  - taking up toxic chemicals from soil contamination
  - categorized into two groups
  - chemical factories
* are classified according to their flower or sexual structures
  - as hydrophytes, phreatophytes, mesophytes, or xerophytes
  - by the number of growing seasons required to complete a life cycle
* are classified into groups based on their structures
  - two large groups, vascular plants and nonvascular plants
  - taxonomically into families, genera, species, varieties, etc
  - closely interwoven with the physical and spiritual life of the Japanese people
  - clump-formers with hairy stems
  - common in desert and grassland areas of Arizona
* are compact and easy to grow producing an abundance of fruit throughout the summer
  - set fruit in both the crown and on the limbs
  - well-branched
  - with shiny green foliage
  - completely different physiologically from mammals
* are complex chemical factories
  - living organisms
* are considered as living things because they breathe, grow and reproduce in different ways
  - producers because they give off energy
  - to be autotrophs
* are consumed by animals who utilize it
  - created by seeds
  - cross-pollinated
  - crucial for the health of all animals
* are dangerous at all times
  - throughout the year, even when they have matured and dried
  - dark blue-green with short rigid leaves that stand out at right angles
  - day-length sensitive
  - deciduous in colder areas over winter
* are deer resistant, flowers attract butterflies
* are dependent on environment
  - light in order to carry out the function known as photosynthesis
  - descended from the green algae
  - designed to do one thing and that is to reproduce
  - determinate, medium large, upright, spreading and medium to late maturing
  - determined to grow
  - dieocious, developing large cones
* are different colors
  - from animals because they can make their own food
* are difficult to control with herbicides once the flowering stems have begun to elongate
  - divide, but cuttings can be taken from non-flowering shoots in summer
* are dioecious, meaning male and female flowers grow on separate plants
  - there are separate male and female plants
* are disease resistant and easily grown from cuttings
* are divided into four broad categories based on their mode of reproduction
  - main phyla based on shared characteristics
  - dormant in the winter
  - dormant, temperatures are cool and rainfall is abundant
* are drought resistant and does well even in cooler climates
  - respond well to favorable conditions
* are drought tolerant and have few insect and disease problems
  - yield well
  - once established
  - with most species having a taproot or short compact rhizomes
  - dry when pruned or otherwise handled
  - dwarf and very compact
  - dwarfed and can be either brilliant red or yellow
  - dwarfed, bushy, and twisted
* are early to flower
  - with short semiprostrate early growth
  - easier to find because growers are forced to plant close to a road or a water source
  - easily grow and adaptable in the landscape
* are easy to grow and bloom midsummer through fall
  - care for
  - grow quickly from seed
  - they produce tall, sturdy stalks
  - very heat and drought tolerant
  - from cuttings, many of which already have aerial roots
  - in average or dry soils in part sun or part shade
  - with flowers a red to red maroon in color
* are eaten by animals
  - many organisms that can only obtain their energy by feeding on other organisms
  - edibles
* are either alive or dead
  - fire resistant or resprout
* are either male or female but have been known to change sex
  - with flowers on seperate plants
  - female, never both
  - male, which produce the pollen, or female, which produce the berries
  - monoecious or dioecious
  - vascular or non-vascular
  - energy producers and animals are energy consumers
  - erect and self-supporting, very winter hardy with no disease problems
  - especially suitable for genetic modification because most plant cells are totipotent
* are essential for any ecosystem
  - nurseries for young fish, where they can escape predators and find food
* are essential to life on earth
  - the balance of nature and in people's lives
  - eukaryotic, multicellular, with specialization
* are even a type of entertainment for primates
  - more sensitive to ozone than humans
* are evergreen, and the leaves often come through the winter unblemished
  - mat or clump-forming, occasionally stoloniferous perennials
  - their shapes varying, horizontal and spreading to upright
  - everywhere
  - evolved from aquatic protists
* are extremely diverse and thus, there are a variety of different species
  - efficient at converting light energy into the initial reaction products
  - important to humankind
  - vigorous and productive
  - far from being defenceless against viruses
  - few branched
  - first, as they derive their energy from the sun
* are found growing on cliffs and in scrub, usually on limestone
  - in all sorts of environments
  - four feet apart with ten feet between rows
  - fragile and often cook so that the carbon only remains
  - free-branching and able to tolerate warm temperatures in the South
  - frequently poor in calcium, which is important to any growing vertebrate
  - friends to everyone in the web of life
  - frost-sensitive
  - fundamental for sustainable development
* are fundamental to all of life
  - survival and people are curious about living organisms
  - further beneficial since they raise oxygen levels in the water
* are generally erect in turfs of closely packed stems
  - fully dormant with no obvious signs of active growth
  - healthy, though sometimes on close inspection aphids are noticed
  - only mildly stunted, if at all
  - robust with large, showy heads
  - genetically variable and highly plastic depending on environmental conditions
  - good seed producers but show great variability in their ability to germinate
  - grayish-green from a covering of stiff hairs
  - great to look at, especially when they have pretty flowers
  - green because they contain chlorophyll
  - grouped into floras based on region , period , special environment , or climate
* are grown for a period of time under low-light levels and with fewer nutrients
  - under aseptic conditions in special media
  - hairless
  - hairy, with rose colored flower heads, and are relished by all kinds of livestock
  - hardier and more disease-resistant
  - hardy and vigorous
  - hardy, easy to grow, and their fruit make excellent jams, jellies, preserves, and pies
  - harvested when the flowers are ripe
  - healthier and more resistant to insect and disease attack
* are healthy Petunia alive with color
  - but have no flowers
* are heat and drought tolerant and thrive in poor soils
* are heavy feeders and require fertilizer every two to three weeks in the growing season
  - so dress the soil regularly with well-rotted manure or finished compost
  - foliaged to protect fruit
  - heavy-yielding and tolerate extreme heat and wetness
  - highly competitive and often grow in dense colonies
* are highly competitive for soil moisture with winter annuals and shallow-rooted perennials
  - resistant to blackspot and powdery mildew
* are highly variable and many regional biotypes exist
  - wild forms of the cultivated sunflower
  - with many regional biotypes
  - holistic systems in which everything affects everything else
  - hybrid, genetically altered, and no longer reproductive
  - immeasurably important in medicine
  - immensely important for the consumer goods they provide
  - imperfectly dioecious
  - important for having changed the composition of the Earth's atmosphere
* are important to add oxygen through photosynthesis and to provide food
  - our health
* are in a period of rapid growth and highly susceptible to herbicide treatment
  - full bloom and heavy with fruit
  - indeterminate, produce well until frost
  - indicative of dry calcareous environments
  - intolerant of shade at all stages of growth
  - key features of all wetlands
  - known to respond to environmental stimuli by producing auxins
  - large and open with fragile stems
* are large and quick growing with very deep color
  - growing, good for mechanical harvesting and processing
  - quick-growing
  - spreading and bloom sparsely with white blossoms
  - upright to spreading
* are large with a decumbent growth habit
  - an upright growth habit
* are large, erect or spreading
  - slightly spreading with thick stems that are prominently angled
* are late ripening with vigorous open and spreading growth
  - ripening, productive, and vigorous with erect growth
  - late, medium-large sized, moderately upright but becoming spreading at maturity
* are leafy and highly palatable with good feeding value both summer and winter
  - nutritious, with dense basal leaves
* are less complex in structure than animals, and have their own means of excretion
  - expensive to produce because of the ease of harvesting, storing and shipping
  - likely to suffer from pests and diseases when their cultural needs are met
  - sensitive at night and during periods of slower growth
  - susceptible to pests and diseases because they are naturally heathy
* are light green, stunted and stands become thin
  - yellow in color and stunted
  - light, dark, thin, thick, mottled, marbled
  - like dogs and cats, sentient beings
* are likely to be stunted and wilted
  - start flowering in their second year
  - limited to algae, lichens and mosses
  - listed alphabetically by their botanical name
  - live, feeling beings, capable even of emotional reacting
  - living objects, sensitive, rooted in space
* are located in dirt
  - flower pots
  - greenhouses
  - porchs
  - shelfs
  - windowsills
  - low and shrubby and have tough, waxy leaves
  - low-growing ground covers, resistant to fire and low in fuel volume
* are made of a polymer called cellulose
  - up mostly of a substance known as cellulose
  - main season in maturity
* are mainly concerned with gaining energy from their light source via photosynthesis
  - ground-hugging shrubs and short woody trees
  - mat-like, animals are few
* are medium in size and spreading in habit
  - size, erect to spreading
* are medium large and erect
  - spreading with stems that are medium-thick and prominently angled
* are medium large, moderately upright to spreading
  - upright and compact
  - sized and spreading
  - sized, upright and vigorous
  - tall, of winter habit
  - to large and spreading
* are medium to large, erect and spreading
  - initially upright and later spreading and dense
  - medium-large to large and upright
  - medium-late maturity, tall, vigorous and upright
  - medium-sized with long broad leaves and pink flowers
  - merely a mass of tissue, without sense of their surroundings
  - miniature mounds of bloom
* are moderately resistant to blackspot, and susceptible to rust
  - vigorous, very productive, and possess some resistance to powdery mildew
  - monoecious and are primarily wind pollinated
  - monophyletic
* are more apt to fall over in part shade
  - drought resistant in the seedling stage than alfalfa or clovers
  - evolved than minerals
* are more likely to be damaged as nematode populations increase
  - experience nutrient and water deficiencies
  - survive a hard winter if planted early in the fall
* are more susceptible to insect attack if damaged by hail, wind, or rain
  - lacebug infestation when grown in full sun
  - winter injury when grown in wet, heavy soil
  - than food and produce
* are most at risk in the unguarded outdoors, where no one is watching
  - happy, and form beautiful colonies, in moist, semi-shady areas
  - nutritious when they are still growing
  - prone to adult feeding injury prior to trifoliate emergence
  - successful in slower currents
* are most susceptible at anthesis
  - from transplanting until they begin to vine
  - in early summer when most farmers are busy with field crops
* are most susceptible to frost injury during the spring flush of growth
  - systemic herbicide effects during the late flowering stage
* are most toxic during early growth, but toxicity gradually declines over the growing season
  - if cut and dried for hay late in the summer, during seed production
* are mostly rhizomatous
  - water, anyway
* are much better at absorbing carbon from the soil
  - more susceptible when planted in poorly drained areas or planted too deeply
  - multicelluar prokaryotes with cell walls made of cellulose
* are multicellular and make their own food
  - eukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis
  - green organisms
* are multicellular organisms composed of eukaryotic cells
  - that have evolved the ability to live on land
  - where photosynthesis occurs
* are multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic autotrophs
  - generally autotrophic organisms
  - have a rigid cell wall and make their own food
  - photosynthetic organisms having alternation of generations
  - whereas algae are unicellular
* are native in the Upper Midwest from Minnesota eastward
  - to Europe and North Africa
  - naturally rounded and free bloomers
  - nature's producers and make their own food using energy from the sun
  - no more capable of giving out carbon dioxide than animals are of giving out oxygen
  - normal and fertile and produce viable seed
  - noticeably less affected and the presence of beneficial arthropods such as spiders, etc
* are of average height, and racemes and pods are of medium length
  - variable habit, from ground-hugging to pyramidal
  - vital importance to the maintenance of conditions favourable to life on earth
* are often a uniform dull pale green to slightly yellow and severely stunted
  - affected in the bud stage and distortion of the plant can follow
  - an important part of a fish's basic diet
  - dwarfed, spindly, and more erect than normal with dwarfed, dark green leaves
  - larger and stronger
  - multi-stemmed and shrub like
  - of tropical origin
  - one-sided
  - self-fertilizing, so it can then start a whole population
  - slow to establish, taking a couple of years before vigorous growth begins
  - spindly and weak
  - under or over-watered
  - older than trees
* are one of the five kingdoms of living things
  - groups of multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls
* are only slightly frost hardy
  - susceptible to damping-off as seedlings
* are organisms that can make their own food
  - obtain energy from sunlight
  - develop from embryos and are protected by tissues of the parent plant
* are our focus in science
  - only source of the eight essential sugars that are needed for a healthy diet
  - partners in breathing
  - sole source of nitrogen and they obtain it from the soil as nitrates
  - over-watered if the soil stays muddy or puddled
  - parasitized by viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and a few other plants
* are part of a larger group of group of organisms called photoautotrophs
  - natural solution to indoor air pollution
* are particularly common in place names and surnames
  - useful in noise control when joined with landforms
* are perennial and long-lived vines, in commerce supported on trellises
  - if prevented from setting seed
* are photosynthetic and produce much of the oxygen that's in the atmosphere
  - autrophs
  - eukaryotes with tissue
  - poisonous from early spring until they mature and dry in early summer
  - polygamous bearing staminate, carpellate and bisexual flowers
  - poor sources, while fruit and nuts contain no vitamin D at all
  - pretty sensitive to the type or quality of radiation they receive
* are primary producers and are the foundation upon which the global ecosystem is based
  - have varying life spans - from moments to centuries
  - at the center of the web
  - of energy from the sun
* are producers are consumers are omnivores
  - because they turn sun energy into food energy
* are producers in an ecosystem because they are something called autotrophic
  - the ecosystem chain
  - that make their own food through a process called photosynthesis
* are producers, and the process in which they make their own food is called photosynthesis
  - while animals are consumers
  - productive, resistant to root diseases, and are quite tolerant to fruit rots
  - prokaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms
  - prone to fireblight, which can wilt or blacken stems and leaves
  - propagated by asexual or sexual means
  - pubescent
* are quite cold hardy and can usually be harvested into the winter
  - drought-resistant except during flowering
  - prolific and flower at a young age
* are rare and imperiled in New Hampshire for a variety of reasons
  - or absent where the cryptogamic crust has been destroyed or is undeveloped
  - rare, fragile and slow growing
  - ready for unflasking when they have several pairs of leaves and strong and healthy roots
  - referred to as producers because they are capable of producing their own food
* are relatively more tolerant of chromosomal aberrations than are animals
  - tall, coarse, finely branched, and produce small racemes of medium-sized pods
  - tolerant of cold temperatures and can withstand slight freezing
  - remarkably different from animals, fungi and microbes
  - represented by white circles and herbivores by grey circles
  - reproductively mature at three years of age
* are resistant to a wide range of cucumber diseases and easy to grow
  - blackspot, very floriferous, everblooming and drought tolerant
  - potato virus Y and tobacco mosaic virus
  - powdery mildew and tolerant of verticillium wilt
  - red stele
  - verticillium and fusarium wilt
  - rich in minerals that they are able to absorb from the earth and sunlight
  - robust with semievergreen habit
  - rooted and move slowly as they grow
  - said to make their own food and are known as producers
  - seeded and stressed during the seeding year and rated for winter survival
* are self fertile, and also cross-pollinated by insects
  - self- fertile
  - self-pollinating
  - self-sterile with male and female flowers usually borne on separate plants
  - self-sufficient organisms that make their own food
  - semi-dwarf
  - semi-erect growing tall enough to be cut for hay
  - sensitive organisms
* are sensitive to acid rain
  - atmospheric fluoride
  - heat, bolting to seed quickly in warm weather
  - salt levels in the water
  - the degree of shade
* are sessile and bound to a two-dimensional surface
  - organisms, that depend upon chemical signals to interact with the microbiota
  - sessile, have rigid cell walls and have no fixed germline
  - shallow-rooted in uncultivated soils, but develop deeper root systems on cultivated land
* are short and finely branched and produce small racemes with relatively large pods
  - group together to resist the cold temperature
  - shorter due to stunted growth
  - shortly pubescent and usually branched near the base
  - slow emerging, moderate in size and spreading in habit
* are slow growing and small
  - at first, but pick up speed in their second year
  - to emerge, medium in size and spreading
* are slow to establish and fill in
  - have low to medium numbers of medium strength, upright canes
  - grow to conserve moisture
  - re-establish
* are small and bloom sparsely with white flowers
  - grow well everywhere
  - reduced in structure with no evident stems or leaves
  - weak and produce no flowers
* are small but have distinct simple stems and leaves
  - evergreen trees which require good rainfall and cool temperatures
  - herbaceous annuals and perennials
  - to medium size with spreading growth habit
  - smooth or nearly so
  - solitary or with a smaller attached daughter plant
  - sophisticated organisms consisting of thousands of organic compounds
  - spiny, short, moderately vigorous, fairly dense with many branches close to the ground
  - stationary beings used to experiencing life at a very slow pace
  - strong growing, slender and vining, with large leaves
  - strongly rhizomatous aand start growth early in the spring
* are stunted and bushy with numerous, dwarfed side twigs
  - make little or no new growth
  - produce fewer bolls of a smaller size
  - sickly with small galls formed on the roots
  - spindling or dwarfed and bushy
  - yellowed
  - with curled and mottled leaves
* are stunted, pale, and bunchy
  - the foliage turns red, and fruit is small and seedy
  - tiller excessively, and have narrow leaves
  - twisted, and puckered
  - upright, and bushy
  - yellowish, and grow slowly
* are subject to frost damage
  - infection at any stage of development
  - rust, but sensitive to fungal sprays
  - susceptible as the head emerges from the boot
* are susceptible to aphids, thrips and rust
  - disease in humid areas
  - leaf-spotting fungi during wet periods
* are tall and lax, with few flowers, on sites that are shaded most of the day
  - sturdy and resist blossom drop and end rot well
  - perennial herbs with long stems
  - with open or lax, nodding heads
  - tall, rather coarse growers with large, broad arrow-shaped leaves
* are tender to frost
  - half hardy depending on level of maturity
* are the 'producers' on which all other life depends
  - air-purifiers for planet earth
  - base of the world's food supply
  - basic producers of energy
* are the basis for all life
  - most of our medicines
  - virtually all life on earth
* are the basis of all life on Earth
  - food, for all living beings
  - virtually all terrestrial food chains
  - best sources of manganese
  - books where knowlege is written
  - bottom line in life
  - dominant organisms on the landscape and are often taken for granted
  - ecosystem's primary food producers
  - energy base of an ecosystem
* are the first level in the food chain
  - organisms in the production chain
  - part of the food chain and so are called producers
  - step in most food chains
  - food that give people and animals energy to grow
* are the foundation of life in the garden
  - our planets food chain
  - the ecosystem's food chain
  - lungs and heart of the planet
* are the main contributor of oxygen on the Earth through the process of photosynthesis
  - photosynthetic producers on land
  - producers in most terrestrial ecosystems
  - major producers of oxygen in the world
  - most efficient means of sustaining life in space
* are the most familiar autotrophs on land
  - type of autotroph, but there are many other kinds
  - noticeable of the living components of both the boreal forest and tundra
  - prolific genome duplicators
  - nearly universal source of energy for all living things
* are the only living organisms that can make their own food
  - organisms in the natural world that make their own food
* are the only organisms that can convert light energy from the sun into food
* are the only organisms which can make their own food
  - thing on earth that can make sugar, and plants are made of sugars
  - things that actually produce food
  - original food source for all animals, even for carnivores and omnivores
  - parasites of the Earth and man parasite of plants
* are the primary food producers in food chains and food webs
  - source of digestible, absorbable calcium
  - habitat for thousands of other organisms
* are the primary producers in most terrestrial food webs
  - that supply energy to all ecosystems
* are the primary source for human and animal nutrition and dominate the natural landscape
  - of organic matter
  - way dunes are stabilized
  - prime example of autotrophs, using photosynthesis
  - producers in the food chain
  - richest source of dietary folate
* are the source of fiber
  - life for the ecosystem in swampy areas
  - oxygen and the ultimate provider of food for land animals
  - the carotenoids present in animals
  - ultimate wildlife feeders
  - young of the world, but they grope ever upward towards consciousness
  - thornless and vary in height and number of flowers
  - thorny and most parts are pubescent
  - threatened worldwide by habitat destruction, climate change and over harvesting
* are tolerant of at least moderate frost
  - drought and grow quickly
  - heavier, wetter soils, cold weather, and frost
  - restricted soil space
  - sporadic watering and yield very well
* are tolerant to heat stress and tubers bulk early
  - too young and immature
* are tough and adaptable taking some drought once established
  - roots are the toughest part
  - tough, reliable, and with few disease and pest problems
* are trees, shrubs , lianes , or stumpy turnip-like
  - vines, ferns, grass
  - truly amazing organisms
* are typically annual in California
  - biennial, but some regenerate after flowering and become perennial
  - non-moving
  - upright-spreading and rather loosely branched
  - very caustic environments
* are unable to grow when stepped on and human disturbance prevents wildlife from feeding
  - run, fly, creep or crawl out of a fire's path
  - use organic nitrogen directly
  - under a lot of stress when they dry out and it can lead to insect problems
  - under-watered if they appear to be wilting
  - unique in that they make most of their food through a process called photosynthesis
  - unisexual
* are up to two feet tall and covered with fine, spreading hairs
  - tall, with narrow, toothed leaves that are spaced alternately on the stem
  - upright, vigorous and productive
* are used as national and state emblems, including state trees and state flowers
  - sources of food and goods for humans
* are useful for planting on banks for erosion control
  - in many ways
* are usually about a foot tall
  - less than three feet tall, but can be up to ten feet tall near water
  - only visible when flowering
  - rather stemmy with few broad leaves
  - thorny with reduced leaf surface area
  - versatile creatures
  - very cold hardy
* are very drought resistant once established, and are tolerant of coastal conditions
* are very easy to clone unlike animals
  - grow, come into flower quickly, and bloom all summer long
  - frost sensitive, so keep plants protected in case of a late cold spell
* are very hardy , productive, and disease resistant
  - with attractive shiny green foliage
  - heat tolerant and adapt to many soil types
  - helpful to humans
* are very important because they provide most of our food
  - in pools
  - to every living thing on earth
* are very important to the Earth and to our lives
  - quality of water
  - interesting because they grow in so many different ways and have varied flowers
  - large with upright growth habit
* are very productive, early maturing and resistant to numerous diseases
  - with vigorous, thorny canes
* are very prolific and bloom from mid summer till frost
  - produce inflorescences continuously
  - resistant to maritime exposure
* are very sensitive to climate
  - light, temperature, and how dry or humid a place is
  - ozone and PANs
  - sulphur dioxide, fluorine compounds, smog etc
  - successful organisms, growing in almost every environment on Earth
* are very vigorous and productive
  - require a sturdy trellis for support
  - sucker well
  - with wide foliage
  - vigorous, semi-upright with leaves close and compact
* are vigorous and clump quickly
  - do well in heavier soils
  - give big yields up until frost
  - increase rapidly
* are vigorous and produce many runners
  - runners freely
  - rapid to increase
  - strong and tolerant of adverse weather conditions
  - they runner well
  - upright with few thorns
  - but susceptible to red stele and verticillium root diseases
  - growers and flowers are flat
  - growers, even in our climate, spreading via stolons
* are vigorous growing vines related to melons and squash, and are grown in the same way
  - similar to cucumbers and melons
* are vigorous with few thorns
  - large, light green leaves
* are vigorous, bushy and disease tolerant
  - consistently productive, spreading, and tolerant of drought
  - disease resistant, and very productive
  - hardy , and productive
  - hardy, productive, erect and easy to prune
  - have a slightly sprawling type of growth with medium productivity
  - productive, and resistant to anthracnose
  - spreading and have an indeterminate type of growth
* are vigorous, upright and productive
* are vigorous, upright, disease resistant and productive
  - with some resistance to red stele
  - vigourus and multiply rapidly
  - viny or semi-viny, fairly leafy with trifoliate leaves
  - vital sources of antioxidants for humans and other animals
* are vital to humankind's existence
  - our survival
* are vitally important to human existence
* are weakened or killed and fruit yield is reduced
* are well adapted to conserving water resources and finding new ones
  - grazing patterns
  - well-spaced and typically exhibit microphyllous leaf phenologies
* are what animals live with
  - hold the sand in place and keep the dunes from blowing away
  - winter hardy in any climate, and are fire retardent
  - without evident stems
* are yellow due to a limited amount of chlorophyll
  - if grown in full sun
  - yellowed, stunted, wilt, and die
  - yellowish, bushy, and dwarfed with many rosette-like, secondary shoots
* are, after all, much easier and cheaper to grow than mice
  - however, living things and they can at any time develop disease, virus, or insect pests
* assist the activated sludge processes mimicking the activity of natural wetlands.
* associated with the bird's winter home are pine forests and broad-leafed scrub
  - joys of life are the country' s countless vineyards
* assume a rounded habit at maturity.
* asters in moist, well-drained soil in full sun.
* attacked begin to lose color, fading from green to yellow and eventually turn red.
* attacked by mites appear sickly and white-speckled
  - the fungus usually show a wet rot on the stem
  - underground are usually large-rooted crops like carrot and turnip
  - animals that eat plants
  - bumble bees
  - butterflies all season
* attracts butterflies and hummingbirds.
* based diets also help reduce cholesterol
  - are loaded in phytochemicals, vitamins, mineral and fiber
* based foods contain the three critical amino acids in varying amounts
  - have none
  - glues such as wheat starch paste and methylcellulose are naturally archival
* beans only on well-drained soils or try to improve drainage.
  - fruit throughout the summer, though less at any one time than determinate types
  - many beautiful speckle-throated flowers in an array of colors atop leafy stems
  - more fruit when two or more varieties are grown together
  - one sex of cones
  - well even in cooler weather and mature earlier than most large-fruited types
* bearing no fruit make stronger vine growth
  - pseudo - hermaphrodite flowers are also dichogamous
* become active in the warm season and rest under ground in the cold season
  - dormant in hot summer weather
  - infected in nurseries but show no symptoms until transplanted to production fields
  - loose and wobbly, pulling easily from the soil
  - more susceptible as they get older
  - natural perches that simulate a bird's environment
  - photosensitive at the forth leaf pair stage
  - resistant to infection one week after flowering
  - spindly and cease growth
  - stiff and soon die
* become stunted and bunchy
  - yellow, and leaves curl upward at the margins
  - taller and bushier over the years as the rootstock matures
  - thin and weak
  - turgid again in the spring when the soil warms
  - unable to push roots into the compacted soil nor can water penetrate the subsoil
  - unthrifty and die due to plugging of the water and nutrient conducting vessels
  - wider as underground rhizomes multiply
  - woody and decompose more slowly if they grow to the flower or seed stage
  - yellow and lower leaves drop off
  - yellowish and dwarfed
* beds closely and evenly, leaving little room for weeds to grow.
* beets two to three weeks before the average date of last frost.
* begin Invertebrates colonization flourish
  - colonization of land
* begin their lives in the incubator, grown on sterile nutrient medium
  - move towards dormancy in fall
* begin to grow again, animals come out of hibernation and soon baby animals are born
  - and blossom very early in the spring
  - leaves, buds and flowers as the weather warms in late spring
  - where once it was barren
  - produce new stolons and rosettes in the spring
  - set their seed for the next year as the wheel turns on
  - wake up from their winter sleep and flowers show their colors
  - wilt and usually die soon
  - the Eukaryote Domain, as do humans
* bend over as seed falls to the ground.
* bend toward light because cells on the dark side of the stem elongate
* bend towards the center of the earth in response gravity
  - source of light
* benefit by seed dispersal
  - fish by reducing toxins and increasing oxygen levels during the day
* benefit from animals
  - attracting pollinators to their flowers
  - the warm water, too
* better carry on respiration all the time like an animal or they are dead.
* bind phosphate into organic compounds when they absorb it from soil or water.
* bite back.
* bloom all summer and fall
  - continuously from spring to fall
  - early midseason and repeat
  - first season when started early
  - for months
  - heavily in early summer and intermittently through the summer
* bloom in early springs
  - over a long period in late summer and fall
  - profusely in early summer
  - quickly producing lots of seeds
* bloom the first year from seed if started early indoors
  - following spring, then set seed and die
* break down food much the same way as animals
  - part of the water into oxygen and hydrogen during photosynthesis
  - the fall of the raindrops and allow for water infiltration or percola-tion
* breathe by inhaling carbon dioxide and exhaling oxygen.
* breathe in carbon dioxide, absorb it to build their tissue, and breathe out oxygen
  - the soil with the help of their roots
  - on their leaves through the process of food making called photosynthesis
  - oxygen into the atmosphere
* breathe through openings, called stomata, on their leaves
  - tiny pores in the leaves called stomata
  - too, by taking in certain gases from the atmosphere and releasing others
  - using a system called respiration
* breeding using marker assisted selection second way to use a gene map.
* bugs frequently cause spotting on leaves, or the death and loss of buds.
* build proteins from materials in the air and the soil
  - themselves with carbon from the carbon dioxide in the air
* bulbs deeper in sandy soil than in clay
  - than seed, usually three to four times the diameter of the bulb
  - twice as deep as their height
  - two and one-half times deeper than their diameters
* burn both oil and coal
  - energy as they grow, too
* bushes with thorns or spiked leaves beneath windows.
* called cushions grow in tight clumps in the tundra , but lichens are the dominant plants.
* can 'rosette' if temperatures get too high during propagation and young growth stages.
* can absorb nitrate or ammonium from the soil via their root hairs
  - nitrite from the soil via their root hairs
* can absorb water and nutrients from soils using root systems of various types
  - through stomata under their leaves
  - accumulate boron, which is necessary for plant growth
  - actually manufacture their own food
* can adapt to drought by sending their roots deeper into the soil
  - low humidity conditions, but optimum growth occurs under reasonable humidity
  - add, absorb and deflect sound by the presence and movement of their foliage and branches
  - adjust to reduce risk of wilting
  - affect the climate
* can also absorb minerals through their roots
  - act as bio-refineries
  - adapt to sunlight
  - adjust to other light levels over time
  - alter microclimates by intercepting precipitation
  - be useful in recording the history of mutation stress at a given site
  - become fossils
  - change color depending on their diets
  - cleanse particulate and chemical pollutants from the air, protecting our health
  - convert nitrate to nitrite by enzymes known as nitrate reductases
  - dehydrate their cells by moving water into intercellular spaces
  - grow as suckers from the roots of trees damaged by the fire
* can also have a high RGR through high tissue nutrient concentration
  - twig and stem cankers
  - hide unwanted stowaways as they're brought in
  - house molds
* can also produce deadly poisons
  - offspring asexually
  - reduce erosion by binding and anchoring soil particles to roots
  - spread by growing bigger and spreading out across the ground
  - and do react to damage
* can be a breeding ground for mold
  - poisonous hazard inside the home
  - as short as four inches or as tall as two feet depending on the species
  - either an annual , perennial , or biennial
  - heliophytes, mesophytes or xerophytes
  - native to a specific site, a geographic region, or a specific continent
  - parasites as well
* can be poisonous as well as beneficial
  - poisonous, too
* can be sensitive to alcohol and soap
  - either low or high soil moisture
  - single-headed or clumping, sessile or with elongated stems
  - very diverse when it comes to reproduction
* can become invasive in gardens and difficult to eradicate
  - vigorous and spread over or out of boundaries, so prune as needed
  - bloom two or more times a year
  - cause sleeplessness and relationship problems
  - change their properties during a growing season
  - cleanse the air of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, benzene and formaldehyde
  - close the holes underneath their leaves to prevent loss of water during a drought
  - compete successfully by having different types of roots
  - convert light energy to useful chemical energy
  - detect the differences in day length and respond accordingly
  - develop the ability to withstand cold temperatures
* can die from too much or too little water
  - in a severe case, and potatoes can be seriously affected, especially in storage
* can do anything animals or bacteria can do
  - double or triple their size in the first season if soil is rich in organic matter
  - easily adapt to pot culture in well-draining, limed soil
* can either be male, or female, or both
  - have an erect or prostrate type growth with several spreading branches
  - exhibit good fall colour
  - extract water more readily when water tension is small
  - flower profusely and several times a year
  - form a living sculpture on their own, or help soften surrounding architecture
* can form new chemicals that can break down minerals and improve the soil structure
  - species in one generation
  - generally cope with small numbers of aphids
  - get diseases from the time the seed is placed in the soil until the vegetable is eaten
* can grow and lose leaves four or five times in a year depending on rainfall
  - better with a higher color rendering index light source
* can grow from one and a half feet tall to over eight feet in height
  - parts of perennial roots as small as one-tenth of an inch in thickness
  - seeds, or other parts of the parent plants like roots, stems or leaves
* can grow in many different substances
  - the presence of cyanide
  - just fine with a low level of insect or disease infestation
  - outdoors in containers without drainage holes only if they are sheltered from rain
* can have any number of leaves within a range
  - both fruits and flowers at the same time
  - single stems or many branches depending upon the population in the field
  - two or more generations per season
* can help clean indoor air
  - restore proper bodily functions
  - influence aggregate formation in a number of ways
  - leave fossils
  - lift and balance the chi of a room, an entire building and exterior landscapes
  - live a long time with little to no added nutrients in their water or soil
  - look quite different in sunlight than they do in shade
* can lose too much water when subjected to constant high temperature
  - water even during dormancy
  - maintain structure, have cellulose, have different tissues, and are multicellular
* can make their own carbon using water and sunlight
  - no longer survive at such raw, bitter temperatures
  - now take up the phosphates in the soil
  - offset profusely, so propagation is by potting up offsets
* can often generate sizable root pressures that can play a role in water movement
  - reseed themselves or grow back from their tuberous roots
* can only absorb water through their roots
  - fertilize eggs of the same species
  - grow where they have light
  - photosynthesise in the light
  - take up nitrogen in the form of nitrate
  - optimize the fraction sons in the seeds
  - physically break apart rocks when they grow in cracks
* can play an important role in dewatering unstable slopes
  - pest control
  - predict sawfly emergence Plants are good indicators of when spring has arrived
  - prevent soil erosion, they can frame a view, or screen an eyesore
  - process a vast amount of water
* can produce a staggering amount of pollen
  - clones of themselves through asexual reproduction
  - compounds that have estrogen effects
  - offspring in the form of seeds, runners, stolons, split bulbs and rhizomes
  - other plants like themselves
  - seeds as a means to reproduce and produce offspring
  - volatile chemicals that diffuse through the environment
* can range from green plants to wood plants and have different types of functions
  - in size from less than a millimeter to several centimeters in height
* can rapidly colonize a site by vegetative reproduction from creeping roots
  - shallow waters
  - develop colonies
  - re-grow after being clipped or mowed
  - reach a height of two feet
* can reduce infiltration by slowing the rate of the wind
  - sulfate to sulfide and grow with sulfate as the only source of sulfur
  - regenerate the corms
* can reproduce asexually by vegetative propagation
  - in a variety of ways
  - through vegetative propagation
  - one of two ways, sexually or asexually
  - resist insects or better compete with weeds
* can root in the gravel and so on
  - more deeply
  - sense weather changes and temperatures as well
  - serve as indicators of wetland chemistry
  - set fruit without cross-pollination, but the flowers are fragrant and attract insects
  - show genetic variation within their range
  - significantly reduce pollutants such as formaldehyde
  - spawn a clone of itself from any cell
* can spread by rhizomes and can easily self-seed to form a dense bushy groundcover
  - seeds and become weedy with time
  - rapidly from one season to the next
  - to four feet across when mature
  - stand a considerable amount of whorlworm damage
  - stay in the water for up to one week with the water changed daily
  - stop the movement of dust and pollutants
* can store other pigments in organelles similar to chloroplasts
  - surplus energy in underground tubers and roots
  - succumb to either over watering or under watering
  - suddenly wilt and die when infected with fusarium
* can suffer damage from heat
  - nitrogen burn or grow so much foliage that they never flower
  - synthesise their own food and store in their body
  - t walk around from one place to another
  - take full advantage of bright sunny days when the weather permits
* can take up cadmium from the soil and animals concentrate it in the liver and kidney
  - nitrate or ammonia forms of nitrogen
  - therefore, in some cases, both increase or decrease hormonal levels in the body
  - to thinned when they are a few inches tall
* can tolerate frequent flooding and saline soil conditions
  - larger populations of English grain aphids than of greenbugs
  - quite a lot of stress and still produce well
  - some insect damage without significant loss to yield or aesthetics
  - very large populations without yield loss
  - uptake ten times more nutrients, and improve soil texture at the same time
* can usually adapt to a wide variety of soil conditions
  - manage with one watering every other day
* can vary dramatically in sensitivity to pollutants
  - from attractive mounding forms to more upright shapes
* can wilt on a sunny day immediately following a cool, cloudy period
* can withstand flooding and silting and are also drought resistant
  - light frost, but hard frosts can severely damage plants
* can, and often do, grow along the pond edge.
* capture and keep energy from the sun in food molecules
  - store some the sun's energy and convert it into chemical energy
* capture energy from sunlight by means of photosynthesis
  - the sun and store it as chemical energy
  - only one thousandth of the sunlight that falls on the Earth
* capture radiant energy from the sun and transfer it to the chemical bonds in glucose
  - solar energy and use it to synthesize simple sugars during photosynthesis
* carry out photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight
* cease photosynthesizing at night but continue to utilize oxygen for respiration
  - to grow in the autumn
* cespitose to shortly rhizomatous.
* cespitose, lacking rhizomes.
* change and grow
  - energy they receive from the sun into stored energy
  - from green to purple to tan as they cure
  - their appearance dramatically through months, seasons and years
* churn out more chlorophyll during daytime.
* clean our drinking water by filtering water with their root systems.
* clean the air and produce cleaner air
* closely resemble their parents.
* collapse and die
  - or are easily pulled up
* collect dew, gradually releasing it during the hotter parts of the day
* colonize sites by producing new shoots from lateral roots.
* come back year after year
  - directly from the soil, and for example cows eat the grass that is grown in the ground
* come in a mixture of flower and foliage colors
  - all shapes and sizes
  - different shapes, and they also come in different textures
  - many colors
  - regular or dwarf, flowers in single or double
  - with some size, nurtured in the long Georgia summers
* commonly affected by iron deficiency are pin oak, azalea, blueberry, rhododendron and holly
  - called azaleas have thinner, more pointed, hairy leaves
  - produce large clusters of small flowers
  - sprout from underground rhizomes after aboveground foliage is consumed by fire
* compete for light and water.
* compete for light, nutrients and space sometimes with their own offspring
  - root space, water and minerals
* compete for light, water, nutrients and space
  - space and nutrients in the soil
  - living space just like animals do
  - physical space, for nutrients and water from the soil and for sunlight
  - water, light and nutrients
  - with algae for nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorous and ammonia
* compete with each other for light, moisture and nutrients
  - other plants for space, water, light and nutrients
* completes in life cycle in ONE growing season
  - is life cycle in TWO growing seasons
* comprise the basic food material, directly or indirectly, for the whole lake ecosystem.
* consist mostly of benthic algae, mostly diatoms.
  - many cells
  - submersed floating plants and non-persistent emerging plants
* consume carbon dioxide through their roots and animals take in the oxygen.
* contain a chemical called auxin
  - variety of pigments
  - vast network of conduits, which consists of xylem and phloem tissues
  - an enzyme called nitrate reductase
  - carotene which is converted to true vitamin-A in the body
  - cellulose which is harder to digest
  - chemicals that bind the iron making it unable to be absorbed
  - chloroplasts so they can manufacture food through photosynthesis
  - compounds with oestrogen-like action called phytoestrogens
  - cyanide bound to sugars
  - extraordinarily sensitive light detection systems
  - flavonoids, which are being studied for their possible effects on health
  - hundreds of thousands of phytochemicals that prevent diseases in humans
  - lots of biologically active ingredients
  - no cholesterol and, apart from avocados and coconut, little saturated fat
  - organic substances which are passed on to herbivores and carnivores
  - powerful and sometimes dangerous chemicals
  - root cells, leaf cells, and stem cells
  - special structures that allow for photosynthesis to occur
* contain the following organelles
  - same biological processes and biochemistry as microbes and animals
* contains saponin
  - the aromatic element cumarin
* continually renew themselves and hence last for a long time.
* continue growing throughout their lives.
* continue to bloom and form pin beans
  - for about two months
  - blossom and set fruits throughout the summer
  - flower for four weeks
  - grow in the fall, but cool temperatures slow top growth
  - grow, despite the presence of dead tissue, such as cork
  - suffer as the adult beetle chews holes in the leaves
* control the development of lateral shoots through hormones.
* convert carbon dioxide
  - energy from sunlight into sugar in a process called photosynthesis
  - excess glucose into starch for storage
* convert light energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis
  - into chemical energy which is stored in the organism as sugars
  - nitrogen to make proteins essential to new cell growth
  - phosphate into organic forms
  - photons to chemical bonds
* convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis
  - sunlight to stored fuel which is used for energy
* convert the energy from light into simple sugars, such as glucose
  - of the sun into chemicals
  - nitrates into amino acids, which are the components of protein molecules
  - solar energy to chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
* corydalis in light shade in well-drained soil.
* count on each other to survive.
* cover a significant proportion of the land mass of the earth
* create food which is different from other living things on Earth
  - organic compounds by using sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to photosynthesise
  - oxygen through a process called photosynthesis, which is crucial to survive
  - their food through photosynthesis
* create their own energy food, called glucose, through a process called photosynthesis
  - waste by-products through the normal cell processes
* crocuses singly, or in groups.
* cross when pollen from one plant is moved to the flowers of another by wind or insects.
* crowns and roots for propagation.
* crowns of strawberries, rhubarb, asparagus and artichokes
  - the same size in a row to avoid competition for food
  - with the eyes at the soil surface
* cucurbits in a location that has well-drained soil.
* cultivars that have insect resistance.
* cultivars with greater tolerance to wheat streak mosaic
  - some tolerance to the pathogen
* daffodils when the fall soil is cool, up to any time until the ground freezes.
* daffodils, dutch iris, ixia, sparaxis, grape hyacinth, freesia, anemones, ranuculus
  - tulips, and crocus for spring bloom
* daylilies so the crown is level with the soil or no more than one inch below it.
* decline in vigor.
* declines after seeding with shorter days.
* decompose fixing carbon, and animals decompose releasing carbon
* decontaminate land without ruining the soil.
* deer usually avoid are considered deer-resistant.
* defend themselves against pathogens.
* demand heat, sun and well-drained soil.
* depend highly on light and moisture.
* depend on alpine mycorrhizal root fungi for survival
  - animals to produce oxygen
  - light intensity and duration more so than temperature
  - nutrients in the soil to grow
  - soil to survive in the world
  - sunlight for synthesising their food by the process of photosynthesis
* depend on the soil for water, anchorage, and nutrients
  - sun and animals depend on plans
  - various chemical defense mechanisms to resist attack from herbivores and pathogens
  - water in the ground for their needs
* depend upon a healthy soil, and they have learned how to serve and preserve that soil
  - animals for food and shelter
* derivatives in the treatment of alcohol dependency.
* derive energy from the sun for growth and survival.
* derived minerals are one of the few liquid mineral supplements safe for children.
* deserve to live and grow, too.
* develop a basal rosette that overwinters
  - general or partial wilt
  - mass of gum in the center of the root, which swells in the summer heat
  - reddish tinge when ready for harvest
  - as a basal rosette
  - elongated internodes and dull foliage under marginal lighting
  - flower and seeds with or without fruit in their reproductive growth
  - pinkish root buds from any depth
  - unfertilized gametes
  - thick, multi-stemmed clumps at maturity
  - long rhizomes bearing buds which germinate readily
  - many slender, weak shoots
  - off-color, yellowish foliage and edges of the leave often curl under
  - rather rapidly and are harvested before the flower buds open
  - roots close to the pot any time oxygen starvation of the root system occurs
  - seeds through a process called pollination
  - their own poisons to fight off disease
  - to their full potential in semi-shaded situations
  - vascular systems
* develope out of seeds, by themselves or out of parts of another plant.
* developing from seed planted too shallow are particularly prone to frost heaving.
* die after seed is produced
  - the first killing frost
* die and decompose in a process that produces carbon
  - decompose, decomposition uses up oxygen, fish die
* die back completely once blooming has completed
  - somewhat in the winter and produce new growth in the spring
* die back to rootstocks in summer
  - the tuber in dry times
* die down in winter, but fast-growing shoots appear again in spring
  - even in mild climates, but are perfectly hardy
  - due to overfertilization from the nitrogen in the urine
  - extended dry, hot periods
  - from lack of sunlight
* die in autumn
  - clusters within a field
  - patches, and the disease commonly produces a circular pattern in the bed
  - severe heat
* die or produce weak, spindly growth and no fruit
  - remain stunted
  - out in patches
  - prematurely when the disease is severe
  - quickly during the summer in circles with leaves still attached
  - rapidly under close continuous grazing
  - slowly over several years
  - soon after symptoms are observed
  - suddenly after the first symptoms of wilting
  - when the crowns are completely covered with soil
  - without full spectrum lighting
* die, and valuable habitat is lost
  - animals die
  - usually without yellowing or spotting of the leaves
* dies after flowering.
* differ from humans in many ways
  - greatly in their light requirements
* differ in nutritional contents, and the same can be said of their phytosterol contents
  - the broadness of the colored edge or center
* differ in their ability to take up, accumulate and tolerate heavy metals
  - irrigation needs
  - preference for soil moisture levels
* directly defend themselves by producing tough leaves and toxic chemicals.
* disperse roots
* display pale flowers
* do any number of chemical exchanges with their environment all the time
  - attract wildlife
  - best if their roots are constantly wet, while their foliage and flowers are kept dry
* do best in bright light, a very porous soil and regular watering
  - climates with long, dry summers
  - humus-rich soil in shade or dappled sunlight
  - contain other sterols but they never contain cholesterol
  - eat and breathe
  - give out carbon dioxide during the day due to respiration
* do have a higher level of structure called plant tissue systems
  - minor thorns
  - help clarify pond water and nitrifying bacteria does grow all over the pond
  - it without batting an eye, even potatoes, which actually have eyes
  - pull easily
  - the opposite - they use carbon dioxide and release oxygen
  - tolerate dry conditions
  - vary from district to district in height, thickness of branches and sturdiness of spines
* do well in either full sun or light shade
  - hot, dry areas and are long-lived
  - moist to dry rich soils in full sun to partial shade
  - small containers even with crowded roots
  - the moisture
* do, photosynthesis.
* dominate our landscape, and our lives, as they have done throughout our history.
* draw carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make food
  - many nutrients from soil humus
  - water up through their roots
* drop flowers
  - leaves in response to stress, which is usually linked to changes in growing conditions
  - seeds into the muck and wither away
* dry down and pods turn yellow
  - out quickly in containers, so monitor water
* dwarf to very tall, the culms filiform to broad-trigonous.
* e.g. the colour of a courgette is either yellow, dark green or light green.
* easily adapt to most soils except heavy clays and compacted soils.
* eat carbon dioxide
  - the energy of the sun directly
* eaten include leaves of balsam fir and white cedar, sasparilla, strawberry, and apple.
* eating ants help the environment by consuming unwanted plants.
* ecosystems at the community level relative to optimum yields and quality.
* effectively compete other species for light.
* eliminate harmful waste substances in the form of secretions such as resins and gums
  - some waste through diffusion
* emerge and then retreat to the safety of the soil or drift to another area.
* emerge in late spring and begin blooming a few weeks later
  - very early spring and have bloomed and set seed by early to mid-summer
* emerging at any time of the year can go on to flower and set viable seeds.
* emit a characteristic parsnip odour
  - oxygen as a waste
  - terpenes into the atmosphere, where they react with ozone
* employ specialised carriers to mobilise auxins to target tissues.
* endure a daily struggle for water, nutrients and light.
* enrich man's environment by adding beauty and functionality
  - the water with oxygen and also provide hiding places for the fish
* entering the winter with a shortage of stored carbohydrates are more susceptible to injury.
* enzymes assist in the digestion of food right on through the intestinal tract.
* escape drought by living in the few places where water is actually plentiful.
  - riparian areas, floodplains, ditches, culverts, and roadsides
  - well for summer bloom if planted in fall
* estrogens and beta-carotene deficiencies have also been linked to cystic follicles
  - competitively inhibit enzymes in women that convert androgens to estrogens
  - help to prevent breast cancer because they are so much weaker than human estrogen
  - or phytoestrogens are the primitive ancestors of our own human estrogens
* even require water during winter
  - use chemicals to defend their territory against other plants
* eventually develop symptoms of dry or scorched leaves, particularly in mid-summer
  - die if over harvest of the leaves continues
* evincing adaptation to arid conditions are termed xerophytes.
* evolve flowers
  - to stop from being on the bottom of the food chain
* excel at reproduction without sex.
* exclude the red and brown algae, animals, the fungi, archaea and bacteria.
* excrete acids through the roots
  - fewer chemical waste products that animals do
* exhibit a much greater aptitude for asexual reproduction than animals
  - wide range of tolerance to salinity and specific ions
  - diversity in size and shape ranging from single cells to gigantic trees
  - follow features
  - plant reproduction
  - symptoms of specific nutrient deficiencies
* exist as basal rosettes until flowering stems develop at maturity and rosette leaves whither
  - close association with each other and their environment
* expand vegetatively through tillering.
* experience multiple abiotic and biotic stresses in the field
  - the most growth during the summer
* explode into growth, tracking the midnight sun.
* expose to sunlight.
* exposed to ozone are more susceptible to disease, pests and environmental stresses.
* express symptoms in a gradient from one end of the field to the other.
* extract carbon from the atmosphere and convert it into food.
* exude juglone, a chemical that deters plant growth beneath the trees.
* face severe challenges in arid environments.
* fail to flower for several reasons
  - various reasons
  - grow, but no sign of insects
* fall into pollination syndromes that reflect the type of pollinator being attracted
  - two groups with two types of photosynthesis
* feed almost all the heterotrophs Members of the animal kingdom are found
  - by luring, then drowning, insects in the pool of liquid at the base of the pitcher
* feed on the dust of stones
  - odic prana in the air
  - themselves through the process called photosynthesis
* feel tissue injury and respond quickly, precisely, and with an effective battery of defenses.
* fill undeniably one of the most crucial niches in the ecosystem.
* filter the air in order for human beings and animals to survive.
* find both abundant light and nutrients from bottom sediments.
* first show a wilted appearance.
* fix atmospheric carbon through photosynthesis
  - carbon and release oxygen, and animals release carbon and use oxygen
  - the energy from the sun by photosynthesis
* float and are loosely attached to each other by stolons.
* flourish, then die, and wildlife species migrate in and out as the habitat changes.
* flower all the year round
  - early and stay covered with blooms until frost
* flower in early to late spring
  - late springs
  - second seasons
  - indeterminately
  - the following summer and die at the end of summer or with the first frost
* fold the light into plant matter, exhaling oxygen.
* form a low mound of large, velvety silver or grey-green leaves
  - mat on calcium-rich gravelly soil
  - monophyletic group with green algae
  - neat mound of attractive, glaucous evergreen foliage over which the flowers are borne
  - rosette of medium to dark green leaves on a very short stem
  - slender, branched, leafy stem that contains a milky juice
  - velvety green carpet and can grow into a hump
  - an erect tussock of dark green, leathery fronds
  - bases
  - buds quickly after potting into containers
* form dense mats, clogging waterways and irrigation pumps
  - large caudex, half of which is underground
  - mats several yards in diameter
  - nearly perfect circular rosettes of leaves with centers tinged with pink, red or purple
  - rather bushy growth habit
  - rosettes of hairy lance shaped leaves in their first growing season
* form the base of the food pyramid upon which all living things depend on
  - basic foundation of food webs and support other life forms
  - food, directly or indirectly, for every living thing on earth
  - mainstay of their diet
* forms a stem with no leaves
  - an important link in the chain of life
  - nodules and bacteria lives symbiotically
* found in deeper water include water lilies, pond weeds, and bladderworts
  - deserts are adapted to their environment
  - their carbon dioxide by opening small pores, called stomata on the leaf or stem surface
* generally absorb less of the heavy metals from soil when gypsum is applied
  - allocate more carbon below- than aboveground on an annual basis
  - are fully dormant with no obvious signs of active growth
  - bear four to six pairs of lance-shaped, smooth leaves
  - behave as self-seeding biennials
  - belong to the first trophic level
  - die prematurely and produce little grain
  - flower and produce seeds during the second season
  - get water and minerals from soil
* generally grow best when there is an ample supply of both primary and secondary nutrients
  - better on undisturbed than on tilled soil
  - normally until they run out of one nutrient, which then limits growth
  - slowly and live a long time
* generally have a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose
  - live two years but sometimes longer
  - mature in late summer, long after most other annuals have senesced
  - reproduce sexually, and most also can reproduce asexually
  - respond to fertilizer and warmer weather
  - show little effect of true bug feeding, unless the bugs are very abundant
* geraniums outdoors after all danger of frost is past and the soil has warmed
  - when the danger of frost has passed
  - outside after danger of frost is past in moist, well-drained soil in full sun
* germinate and grow
  - in mid spring and grow fairly fast
  - carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from air and water
* get energy by breaking down the sugars, releasing some of the energy as heat
* get energy from the sun through a process called photosynthesis
* get energy from the sun, and animals get energy from eating other plants or animals
  - are eventually squashed into coal and oil
* get enough carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from air and water
  - light from the sun, water from the ground and carbon dioxide from air
  - magnesium from the earth, thanks to the bacteria in healthy topsoil
  - most of their water directly from soil surrounding their roots
* get most of their water from capillary water
  - nourishments from soil and the roots get protected from the harsh rays of the sun
  - some of their necessary nutrients from the soil and water
  - sunburn just as humans can
  - the minerals that occur as a gas, such as carbon in carbon dioxide, through their leaves
* get the water needed for photosynthesis from their roots
  - they require through their root systems in the soil
  - their carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
* get their energy for food by the process of photosynthesis
  - from the soil through roots
* get their energy from the sun animals the ocean
  - through a chemical process called photosynthesis
  - sun, herbivores eat the plants, and carnivores eat the herbivores
  - to grow through a process called photosynthesis
  - food from humus, the end results of the decay or organic matter
* get their green color from a pigment called chlorophyll
  - the chlorophyll which is found inside of their cells
  - nutrients and water from thesoil
* get their nutrients from the air, water and soil
  - fungus in the soil
  - through the soil
  - water by absorbing it through their roots when it rains
* get water from the dirt through their roots
* give animals nutrients
  - away nectar and fruit, but they get something in return
  - off VOCs into the atmosphere and nutrient solution
* give off oxygen and take in carbon dioxide given off by animals
* give off oxygen as a waste mproduct of photosynthesis
  - an output
  - water through stomata, which are tiny openings in their leaves
  - out oxygen during the day and nitrogen at night
  - oxygen and shade and, at the same time, somewhere for the fish to hide themselves
  - sustenance to animals
* given excess nitrogen tend to be tall with weak stems.
* gladioluses every three weeks for continuous bloom.
* go dormant after flowering
  - in summer but carpet large areas of woodland in spring
  - from the seed, to the seedling , to the flowering plant
* go through a process known as photosynthesis
* go through two stages in their life cycle, called alternation of generations
* goes fully dormant in winter
  - through stages of growth and development that include seed, young plant, and adult plant
* gradually decline in vigor and die
  - vigor, become stunted, produce less and less fruit
  - decline, wither, die back, and finally die
  - lose vigor
* grow about two feet tall and wide and have an open, airy look
  - according to a genetic pattern, organic molecules are highly organised structures
  - against the pull of gravity
  - all year
  - almost everywhere on earth
* grow and animals are active
  - live on top of the soil
* grow and bloom and change with the seasons
  - best in moist, fertile soil
* grow and flower best at high relative humidity
  - better due to increased insect and organism activity in the soil
  - through the summer and the season ends with the first hard frost in the fall
  - make food for animals
  - anywhere there is space to grow
  - approximately six to ten feet tall
* grow at a slow rate toward their stimuli
  - different rates during different seasons
  - various rates
* grow best in a sunny location in well drained soil
  - deeply cultivated soil that is high in nitrogen
  - fairly rich soil kept somewhat moist
  - full sun during the fall, winter, and spring
  - moist soils
  - moist, acidic, humus rich soil
  - partial shade but tolerate full sun in Northern regions
  - relatively moist fertile soil
  - soil that contains plenty of nutrients and organic matter
  - well-drained soils in a sunny position
  - inloams, which are soils containing equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay
* grow best when small amounts of nutrients are supplied regularly by fertigation
  - the lights are turned on and off by a time clock
* grow best with proper light and moisture, adequate temperatures and a little plant food
  - the right balance and concentration of nutrients
  - within an optimum range of temperatures
  - better without additives in water
  - better, and fungus and fungus gnat growth is retarded
  - but to decay
* grow by drawing energy from the sun and nutrients from soils and decaying matter
  - producing more cells, and cells grow by taking in water
  - the inch and die by the foot
  - using sunlight, water, and nutrients in the soil to make new leaves and stems
  - crowded together, forming large mats covering good sized areas
  - deeper roots with deeper watering
  - densely and develop white or yellowish blossoms with deep violet or reddish veins
* grow during cool weather from autumn to spring
  - equally well in full sun or in a semi-shaded area
  - erect and cures a dark brown color
  - extremely fast
  - fairly slowly, and large specimens are more than a century old
* grow faster and harvest sooner
  - produce larger harvests
  - there are more things to check
  - yields are bigger with hydroponics systems
  - hydroponically because they are able to assimilate nutrients faster
  - five-feet tall and have glossy green leaves
* grow from A seed and root's
  - a central crown
  - nodes along the creeping underground rhizome from which fibrous roots extend
  - nutrients in both the water and sediment
  - points, known as apical meristems
  - seed or roots embedded in the earth
* grow from seeds through a life cycle
  - to full grown trees, grass, and flowers
  - slender rootstocks and form tufts or bunches
  - small tubers, in some species producing a rosette of leaves
  - the conversion of light and shit
  - happily in it, as long as they can adjust to the relatively acid conditions
  - higher if they are given more water
  - horizontally, compared to the erect habit of most blackberries
* grow in a characteristic general form determined by genetics or the environment
  - variety of soils, but can be frost tender, especially when young
  - almost every part of the world
  - an inert medium with water, air and fertilizers
  - canals, springs, streams, ponds, lakes and reservoirs
  - clumps to conserve warmth
  - communities associated with particular soil and climatic conditions
  - compact cushions for protection against the severe climatic conditions
  - cracks within limestone slabs or rocks
  - environments that favor their presence
  - half to one-third the time required for plants grown by conventional methods
  - large clumps with dagger-like leaves
  - length from the tips
  - nutrient rich soil and absorb the nutrients
  - response to their nutrient intake
  - sandy loams or humus, often subject to seasonal desiccation
* grow in the direction of the deepest darkness
  - oceans, too
  - two ways, cell division and cell expansion
  - larger, and more quickly, and are better able to withstand adverse conditions
  - leggy and thin unless they're cut back several times a year
  - like wildfire
  - longer limbs to reach more sunlight
  - more easily along dykes and animals congregate to feed and take shelter here
  - most vigorously in spring and fall, when rain and cool temperatures are more likely
  - much faster and much more dense when grown with hydroponics
  - old as surely as do animals
* grow on farms
* grow on the earth
  - plain that was once the bottom of the sea, and develop into a forest
  - one to two and a half feet tall
  - poorly in subsoil
  - principally at old Native American village sites in California
  - quickly especially at the beginning of the short growing season
* grow quickly in moist well-drained soils throughout temperate and tropical Australia
  - well-drained soils in full sun or dappled shade
  - to cover their gelidephile neighbors while the air is warm
* grow rapidly and flower continuously until frost
  - require little maintenance
  - from late seeding
* grow roots to reach the water that sustains their life
  - with the aim of absorbing water and minerals from the earth
  - slowly, and maturity is delayed
* grow so quickly in the moist climate that some trails have to be cleared each year
  - rapidly that there is little reason to start seed indoors
  - tall and leggy when there is insufficient light
* grow taller at warmer temperatures
  - than most other varieties of Sedum, bearing large clusters of soft pink flowers
* grow through cellular reproduction
  - life stages and reproduce to survive
  - precisely spaced and sized holes in top and each of the four sides
* grow to a height of seven feet
  - ten to twelve inches
  - twelve inches and ten inches wide
  - four feet tall with feathery, smoky purple foliage
  - just over one metre, and the leaves stay stiff and erect
  - toward the light
  - towards light sources
  - two to three feet tall
  - up to three feet tall and spread to about three feet
  - upright in clumps of dense tufts with numerous long, narrow strap-like leaves
* grow vigorously and are hardy and free from disease
  - create dense colonies that exclude other vegetation
  - in water or wet soil
* grow well in full sun or dappled shade
  - light to heavy well-drained soils in areas of dappled shade or part sun
  - most soils in full sun or partial shade
  - nutrient poor sharply-drained gravelly soils
* grow well in sunny or partially sunny positions in well draining soils
  - sunny positions in well-draining soils
  - water saturated soils
  - only within a limited temperature range
* grow well under four- tube fluorescent fixtures and can be summered outside in shade
  - four-tube fluorescent fixtures and can be summered outside in shade
  - standard fluorescent fixtures and can be summered outside in shade
  - with the basic nutrients
* grow when temperatures are favorable
  - their needs are met
* grow with the aid of light
  - their roots going towards the water table
* grow, animals grow, children grow, cities grow, knowledge grows, etc
  - bloom and die back, sunlight moves across the area, seasons come and go
  - bloom, produce new seeds, and die, often in a short span of time
  - change and reproduce
  - flower and die
  - flower, bear fruit and even die just as they do in real life
* growing along the edge, especially trees, can impede water flow
  - from spores are called fungi
  - in an alpine environment have to survive some of the most severe conditions
* growing in containers dry out faster than in the ground
  - or in windowboxes are particularly vulnerable to ant activity
  - dry soils tend to be stunted, but are relatively persistent
  - excessive shade make weak growth and have an open habit
  - fields are under constant attack by many soil organisms
* growing in full sun always produce more flowers
  - hot, dry locations are most susceptible to mite attack
  - shade are more open
  - shady areas where the humidity is often very high are most susceptible
  - sunny areas are most subject to injury
  - the shade have dark green leaves
  - very dense shade are low in food reserves, resulting in weak plants
  - water are called as hydrophytes
* growing on north-facing slopes encounter cooler temperatures and deeper shade
  - open rock are usually much smaller than plants growing in rich soil
  - their own roots are also often long-lived in comparison to budded plants
  - through the bones can help determine how long a body has been in one place
* growing under adequate soil moisture are more sensitive than drought-stressed plants
  - stressful conditions, however, remain weak and are unable to produce new roots
  - with red light grow in the middle value
* grown at higher elevations take longer for the bean to develop so it is hardier and denser
  - directly from seed are always or nearly always single-headed
  - during the summer have difficulty in producing good color
* grown for crowns require two years to mature as fruit
  - food require large amounts of potassium
* grown from cuttings develop quickly and can produce flowers the following year
  - grafted tubers usually bloom the third year after planting
  - leaf cutting sometimes have more than one growing points
  - rhizomes die starting at the leaf tips and progressing ever downward
  - seed can take on the following forms, depending on the seed genetics
  - the seeds usually turn out a bland green color
  - tissue culture usually pass trough callus phase and show many variations
* grown in a forest are community grown
  - sunny window often get tall and spindly because of inadequate light
  - window often become tall and spindly because of inadequate light
  - cages provide good foliage protection
  - chambers often deplete available carbon dioxide, which can limit their growth
  - compost-rich soils are stronger and more resistant to disease and insects
  - containers without holes are likely to become waterlogged
  - contaminated soil take up the hazardous substances through their roots
  - deep shade can develop leaves even longer than that
  - depleted soils have a reduced nutrient content
* grown in full sun produce red to maroon fall leaf color
  - the best flowers
  - low light grow very slowly
  - partial shade can get too tall reaching for the light, and are likely to fall over
  - pots dry out quickly
  - spaceflight conditions are more susceptible to colonization by plant pathogens
* grown in the absence of nitrates are generally rich in anthocyan
  - shade have less cutin than plants grown in the sun
  - sun have thicker, smaller, more numerous leaves
  - urban conditions generally have shorter lives
  - vitro are very sensitive to any change
  - wire cages provide good foliage protection
  - include gypsophila, eustoma, strawberry, and lavender flowers
* grown on acid soils contain greater quantities of the active constituent azulene
  - acidic soils are less likely to take up toxic amounts of selenium
  - serpentine soil seem to be especially rich in chlorophyll
  - their own roots also tend to be longer-lived
  - outside of their optimum are more susceptible to disease
  - under artificial light usually show evidence of shock when they are moved to sunlight
* grows additional roots to tap soil pore spaces
  - erect or as a trailing vine with aerial rootlets
  - up or down towards gravity
  - very rapidly
* hang before windows without hooks or wire.
* harbour several different CDKs that are all related to their yeast and animal counterpart.
* harden off progressively in the fall.
* harmonize with all being and their song is the song of the universe.
* harness energy from the sun and provide food and shelter for animals
  - light energy to drive food production
* has a particular semi-aromatic smell
  - strong licorice flavor and aroma
  - dark green color and is often grown for shade as well as fruit
* have a basal branching growth habit
  - bushy, upright habit with sturdy stems of fragrant olive-green foliage
  - cell wall made of cellulose
  - cellular wall that is made-up of cellulose, which also gives plants their structure
  - compact, mounded growth habit
  - covering called a cuticle, which helps prevent water loss
* have a different kind of life than animals
  - way of getting their own space
  - greater resistance to nematodes, fungal disease and pests
  - hard time eating rocks, but they really like to wiggle their roots through the dirt
  - horseradish taste and odor
  - huge array of ways to reproduce besides just flowers
  - juvenile stage before they mature and fruit
  - life cycle unlike that of any animal, fungus, or bacteria
  - limited ability to sense
* have a long blooming period of six weeks
  - history of being used for their medical properties
  - low efficiency for recovery of soil nutrients from an acid soil
  - much more complex chemistry than antibiotics
  - narrow range of pH tolerance
  - nearly opposite respiration with that of humans
  - number of mechanisms for asexual or vegetative reproduction
  - rigid cell wall made of cellulose , and fungi one of chitin
  - short, fibrous root system
  - slower metabolic rate and can get by with capillary action
  - spreading habit of growth and are useful annual groundcovers
  - structure as well, and it's also affected by gravity
  - symbiotic relationship with certain bacteria
  - tap root, plus prominent lateral roots below the soil surface
  - thick waxy coating to prevent themselves from heat and to store a lot of water
  - tremendous ability to store calcium oxalate
  - unique use for water
  - variety of methods for spreading their seeds
  - very clever way of using the energy from sunlight to make their food
  - waxy coating called a cuticle which prevents excessive water loss on land
  - way of unconsciously and continuously making the planet better for themselves
  - about a dozen basic cell types that are required for everyday functioning and survival
  - acids, too, but they also have a chemical known as a bicarbonate that buffers the acids
  - adaptations to habitats
  - aesthetic, temporal and spiritual qualities
* have all kinds of chemical defense systems that go in to action when the plant is damaged
  - the organelles animal cells have
* have an additional cell wall, made up of cellulose, which is freely permeable
  - enormous impact on our lives
  - erect form
  - important effect on the microclimate of an ecosystem
  - upright habit of growth
  - annual resting periods when they are guided by ancient inner cues
  - at least five sHSP gene families which comprise a large multigene family
  - babies, too
  - basic structures
* have both male pollen and female parts of the flower
  - organs and organ systems
  - red bracts during flowering. full sun
* have broad leaves and are evergreen
  - carry capacity
* have cell membranes just underneath their cell walls
* have cell walls made of cellulose and chlorophylls a and b are present
  - that protect the nutritious insides
  - cells that contain chloroplasts
* have characteristic deficiency symptoms
  - long and narrow auricles clasping the stem and papery ligules
  - chlorophyll and an alternation of generations
* have chloroplasts which are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place
  - with chlorophyll a and b
  - clorophyll
  - complex structures with specialized functions
  - crinkle leaves
* have dark green foliage and seem to tolerate low light levels well
  - shiny-green leaves and white fragrant flowers
* have deep green foliage
  - defense systems just like animals
* have different light requirements
  - reproductive manners
  - watering requirements at various stages of their growth
  - difficulty absorbing copper, zinc, boron, manganese and iron in basic soils
* have distinct stages in their life cycle
  - dramatic impact
  - either no or very basic ability to sense
  - erect stalks
* have extensive root systems that find every crevice in the soil
  - to collect water
  - fairly open and upright type of growth
  - fine-textured foliage
  - five classes of hormones
  - fruits to protect the seeds inside
  - gametes, which contain half the normal number of chromosome s for that plant species
  - gametophyte phases
* have good growth, are blooming and forming beans
  - viability and are easily classified in segregating populations
* have green colored structures that produce food by photosynthesis
* have healthy foliage and are disease resistant
  - leaves, excellent stalks and produce dent grain
  - homes and communities just like animals and people
  - hormonal activity in humans
  - inch flower stalks
* have indeterminate growth because of their tough resistant cell walls
  - inflorescences, which are sometimes reduced to a single flower
* have individual and collective aesthetic value
  - insights into the world that animals are incapable of knowing
  - networks of roots that lie near the surface and can capture rain when it falls
  - root systems that are close to the surface, so they can quickly absorb any rain
  - large, showy leaves with spotting and variegation
  - leafs
  - leathery foliage
  - leaves so they can get nourishment
  - less ability to absorb nutrients
* have life and are in full possession of their senses
  - life, feel pain
* have little effects
  - memories, and thrive best in soil similar to that of their origins
  - low vigour
  - magical effects on children and add a critical dimension to any play environment
  - major impact
  - male and female parts
* have many adaptations for conserving water or storing it
  - that increase the likelihood of outcrossing
  - to cope with the lack of water
* have many different forms
  - strategies for using water
  - external structural defenses that discourage herbivory
  - fatty acid desaturase genes with similar sequences
  - mechanisms of defense against insects
  - microstructures on their surface to defend from their enemies
* have many needs including sunlight, water, soil and air
  - water, soil, air and sunlight
  - other actions upon their environment
  - prove benefits
  - roots that lie just underneath the surface of the soil to catch moisture
  - white flowers with four petals, giving the plant a white, flat-topped appearance
  - means of travelling and changing that are denied to humans
  - medium vigor
  - moderate resistance to blackspot and grow easily from cuttings
  - more freedom of form than animals
  - much higher than animals
  - multiple stems
  - names , just like people do
* have natural barriers
  - defenses against pests
  - naturally inherent abilities to ward off adverse conditions when living in healthy soil
  - neither nerves nor muscles
* have no antibodies
  - excretory organs
  - immune system to combat infection
  - regular method of evacuating their excretions as animals have
  - special organs for removal of wastes
  - use for oxygen, so they release it through their leaves
  - numerous narrow dense heads of creamy white to rose colored tubular flowers
  - nutrients that help the soil
* have only five types of organs
  - one class of hormones, called gibberellins
  - openings called stomata on their leaves and water loss occurs through the stomata
  - opportunity
  - outstanding vigor, disease resistant and winter tolerance
* have pale flowers
  - parasites, such as aphids and fungi
* have parts and have functions
  - that perform specific functions
  - physical adaptations as well
  - power to heal
* have purple flowers
  - red-brown branches and small pink and white flowers
  - roots for two main reasons
* have seasonal flowers
  - growth fluctuations
  - seeds, but in the fungus world, the equivalent of a seed spore
  - segments with rounded margins, ribbed ovaries, and purplish-brown anthers
  - sensors that help plant employees monitor the temperature, pressure, and water level
  - sentient spirits, no less than humans or animals
  - separate transport systems for water and nutrients
* have several basic needs for better survival
  - going up their stalks
  - highly regulated mechanisms for dissipating excess absorbed light energy
  - sex, too
  - short, bushy foliage with serrated leaves of forest green
* have similarities and differences and can be grouped by their characteristics
  - singular smells and textures and are signed in braille
  - some resistance to red stele, but the fruit are susceptible to gray mold
* have special adaptations for producing food
  - pH requirements for normal growth
  - sterile flowers
  - stomata on both their leaves and their stems
  - stunted leaves that are curved upwards, looks like leaf roll virus
  - such factors
* have the ability to create glucose instead of absorbing it from other sources
  - open and close stomata as conditions demand
  - take up the amount of needed nutrients and to leave excess in the soil
  - capability to produce far more seeds than are necessary to replace themselves
  - potential for replacing petroleum as the material basis of our economy
  - remarkable ability to make their own food
  - same defense mechanisms as animals
* have their own natural defense systems to ward off insects
  - plasticity
* have thick cell walls to strengthen the plant stem
  - stems, are very robust and resistant to wind damage and metribuzin
  - thorns, poisonous chemicals and warning colours to deter animals
  - three and four way branching carying sixteen buds
* have tiny holes in their leaves called stomata
  - underneath their leaves that release unused water
* have tiny openings called the stomata on the underside of their leaves
  - on the underside of their leaves and stems
  - root hairs covering the end of each of the roots
* have to adapt so they are able to live and survive in a particular place or habitat
  - be put under sprinklers and shade
  - change or adapt over time by a process of evolution to survive
  - grow their roots in cracks in the rock or in the very shallow soil
  - have nitrogen to grow
  - like the climate, the soil and the water to be successful
  - transport sucrose and amino acids between different tissues
  - tremendous developmental plasticity
* have two distinct types of leaves
  - methods of reproduction, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction
* have underground rhizomes
  - ways to defend themselves against pests and diseases
  - unisexual, male or female flowers
  - useful features
  - varying levels of some elements in different parts
  - veins and roots, like the farmer and gatherers
* have very broad leaves, and heavy buds with lots of resin
  - few pest problems
  - fine texture, dark green color and low vertical growth
  - well-branched scapes and are vigorous growers
  - widely different requirements when it comes to lighting and other specific needs
* having small and light seeds and fruits disperse their seeds and fruits by wind.
* heat up due to sun's energy.
* hedgerows to provide a shelter for birds and beneficials.
* help animals and people survive
  - because they are animals source of nutrition
* help control air pollution
  - the amount of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere
  - form, enrich, and stabilize soil
  - hold the soil in place
* help make oxygen for the air
  - people in several important ways, including filtering carbon dioxide into oxygen
* help reduce noise pollution
  - retain soil and reduce erosion of the banks into the water
  - to protect the soil surface from raindrop impact
* herbs that discourage insects.
* hoard iron, using a protein, ferritin, to store it in seeds and leaves.
  - nutrients in tissue
  - sand and soil in place, but die off during periods of drought
  - sediment and soil nutrients, allowing clean water to run-off
  - the soil in place and prevent erosion around the rocks and wire mesh
* holds soil in place with their roots.
  - the quality of air creating a healthy and happier environment
* include apple trees
  - beeches
  - conifers
  - fern cacti
  - hardwood trees
  - willows
* includes cell membranes
  - corpi
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
* incorporate carbon as long as they live.
* increase by forming new shoots from the roots
  - humidity and use up available carbon dioxide rapidly
  - water use efficiency through partial stomatal closure
* increases in size by underground rhizomes.
* infected by aphids lose their vigor, and new growth is stunted and deformed
  - yellow bean mosaic are more dwarfed and bunchy
  - earlier in their development suffer greater yield reductions
  - early are usually dwarfed
* infected with Sclerotinia crown and stem rot continue to die
  - a virus usually remain infected for their entire life
  - blackleg disease have a shiny, coal-black, slimy appearance
  - blossom blight produce small or misshapen strawberries
  - one virus often show decreased susceptibility for other viruses
  - rhizome rot fail to grow in the spring
  - spindle tuber viroid are upright, dwarfed and much thinner than normal vines
  - the disease die prematurely and infected pods produce small discolored seed
  - wilts start to show symptoms in the middle of the growing season
* infested are elm, ash, apple, maple, willow, aspen, and cotoneaster
  - willow, ash, elm, rose, fruit trees, and poplars
* infested with mites lose their green color and appear bronzed or washed out
  - scale are covered with either hard or sticky brown bumps
* inherit characteristics from their parents in the same way that animals do.
* initially produce a basal rosette of leaves that resembles dandelion.
* interact with microbial polysaccharides
  - people and animals too in midwinter festivities
* interfere with neighbors by depleting limited resources available to another.
* introductionsofmaize as a source of o l with unusual fatty acidcomposition.
* invade dry, open lands with frequent disturbance such as fields and pastures
* invigorate the water body by increasing oxygen concentrations in the water and sediments.
* involve others in their sexual escapades.
* iris rhizomes just below the soil surface in a good soil.
* is deciduous
  - dioecious exhibiting flowers in late spring which are yellow green and showy
  - easy to grow, but does best in light, well-drained soil
  - eaten in time of famine
  - exceptionally majestic because it grows erect instead of in a mound
  - first chain of food chain, but first living thing in food chain eats the plant
  - indoors in winter and outdoors in summer
  - monoecious and have separated female and male flowers on the same plant
  - often branchy due to secondary bud burst at seed axils
  - poisonous to the touch, and grows only in bogs or wet soil
  - self-incompatible and insect pollinated
  - strong amoebicide
  - susceptible to iron chlorosis
  - tall with stems that are long and perfect for cutting
* keep flowering from the same raceme over a long period of time.
* keep the soil on the land
  - world from becoming a wasteland
* lack motility
  - such specialized cells, and plant cell walls prevent phagocytosis
  - vigor and wilt during mid-day as the root are destroyed
* lacking in iron also take on the yellow appearance
  - potassium usually remain small and lack vigor
  - sufficient phosphorus usually have purplish leaves, petioles, and stems
* lag behind, and larger animals' migration is slowed down by cities and roads.
* last for several years
* late season bloomer with an extended bloom cycle.
* learn to efficiently store water and moisture.
* leaves draw carbon dioxide from air and combine it with water to make carbohydrates
  - only have so much space to support fungi, mold, bacteria
  - processed into cigarettes, cigars, pipe or rolling tobacco, or smokeless products
  - turning yellow characterize an absence of sulfur in the soil
* leaves, especially rhubarb, cabbage, spinach, and beet tops, contain oxalic acid
  - the caterpillar s cuisine, are high in potassium and low in sodium
  - when gashed or damaged, show red areas and bubbles
* like to be rootbound before flowering
  - colonize in favorable conditions, creating a nice woodland groundcover
  - rest in the winter and require less water
* lilies Deadhead summer bulbs as they finish blooming.
* literally starve to death.
* live and adapt to a wide variety of environments
  - dried, including plant cuttings
  - just about every place in the world
  - soil, sand, snow, and rock
  - most of their lives anchored to a certain place
* living in the taiga are adapted for a. long, cold winters
  - water have special porous passageways that supply the roots with air
* look like skeletons of themselves
  - their parent plant
* looks best in natural form, so prune select branches instead of shearing.
* loosely caespitose.
* lose a large volume of water through the leaves in the form of vapor
  - hardiness faster with warmer temperatures
  - moisture more rapidly and begin to wilt
  - their ability to distribute their own seeds
* lose vigor and decline in abundance within three to four years
  - produce less chlorophyll
* lose water by evapotranspiration
  - continually by transpiration
  - from their surfaces as vapor back into the atmosphere
* lose water through stomates
  - the pores in their leaves
* loses in dry weight.
* love full sun and a well-drained average soil
  - light and move around to maximise their suntan
  - wastewater and thrive off it
* low, spreading, hardy bush.
* macrofossils in Quaternary lake sediments.
* mainly use the blue and red portions of the color spectrum.
* maintain a dense full plant habit without much renewal pruning required
  - the physical and chemical integrity of ecosystems
* make a compact, upright bush of eight to twelve inches in height
  - adjustments in their normal growth patterns to find light in order to live
  - and store excess food that can also be used to provide energy for consumers
  - cellulose as a part of their cell walls and it is used for structural support
  - flowers for reproduction
* make food from carbon and water
  - the carbon and other things that come from animals' bodies
* make food in chloroplasts, tiny green organs mostly in leaves
* make glucose by photosynthesis
  - predominantly in their leaf cells
* make good root growth
  - use of porphyrin based materials in their energy capture
  - great accent and are used in massing, as specimens and street trees
  - hairs for many reasons, one of the primary ones being to deter herbivory
  - it possible for animals to use the energy of sunlight
* make many exotic chemicals, ward off predators and respond to harsh environmental conditions
  - naturally occurring pesticides
  - nectar to attract pollinating animals
  - nice environments for bacteria to live
  - part of soil
  - people feel better
  - photosynthesis happen with carbon dioxide, water and sunlight
  - seeds make plants
* make sugar by photosynthesis, usually in their leaves
  - from water, carbon dioxide and sunlight
  - sugars by photosynthesising sugars using carbon dioxide from the air
* make the air cleaner and produce oxygen, which people and animals breathe
  - most of visiting ants
  - pollen in the saclike anthers of their flowers
* make their food from carbon dioxide and water
  - own carbohydrates during photosynthesis
* make their own food all summer
* make their own food by using air, water and energy from the sun
  - from sunlight through a process called photosynthesis
* make their own food in the presence of water, sunlight and soil
  - using sunlight and the process of photosynthesis
  - while animals have to rely on the plants or other animals for food
* make their own food, glucose, in a process called photosynthesis
  - using water, carbon dioxide and energy from the sun
  - whereas animals obtain food by eating other organisms
  - nutrients through a process known as photosynthesis
  - two types of lignin, syringyl lignin and guaiacyl lignin
* make up diets
  - most of the earth's living creatures
  - the base of the chain, by converting energy from the sun into food
* make use of a diverse group of signaling compounds to regulate growth and development
  - little amount of heat to perform the photosynthetic process
  - all visible light
* mallow in full sun or light shade in well-drained soil.
* manage to break the bonds of water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen through photosynthesis.
* manufacture an amount of food that is greatly in excess of their own needs
  - and store carbohydrates as their chief source of energy
* manufacture food from sunlight in a process known as photosynthesis
  - in their leaves through the use of solar energy
* marigolds after the last frost
  - and zinnias
  - around other plants throughout the garden to repel nematodes
* marigolds to deter pests
  - keep worms away
* marigolds, petunias, mint, and other herbs that naturally repel pests.
* mark the beginning of the oxygen cycle.
* mature much faster in live sphagnum than in other media
  - within two to three months from seeds
* mature, flower and produce new seeds in a few weeks before drought sets in again.
* matures in a matter of days in hot weather.
* may have characteristics
  - kernels
  - red leaves
* mediate omnivore-herbivore interactions and influence prey suppression.
* monitor changes in day length with the pigment a. anthocyanin.
* mostly absorb red and blue wavelengths
  - take up nitrogen as nitrate
* move from outdoors to indoors, wet to dry, dry to wet, hot to cold and so on
  - ions out of their roots in an effort to move nutrients in from the soil
* multiply rapidly, and produce fewer flowers as they become overcrowded.
* naturally form many root suckers
  - sway as they grow
* need adequate nutrients
  - extra attention
  - high heat
  - large pots
* need little attention
  - orange light
* need special attention
  - specific conditions
* needs lots of water, and all parts of it are poisonous.
* never grow without direct sunlight
  - spinose, leaves thin
* normally absorb water through their roots
  - bloom from midsummer until frost
  - evolve such toxins as a defense
  - give off carbon dioxide after they die and decompose
  - recover when favorable growing conditions allow root expansion
  - start to flower about two years of age
  - used for grazing are dead or withered
* now go extinct at a rate of two to three species per day
  - have a usable form of nitrogen again
* obtain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from the air or through the soil
  - hydrogen, and oxygen from air and water
  - elements from the surrounding atmosphere, water, or soil water
* obtain energy by absorbing light energy
  - from glucose made during photosynthesis
  - food in two different ways
  - inorganic elements from the soil, which serves as a natural medium for land plants
  - most of their carbon from the atmosphere
  - nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, sulfur, calcium, iron, magnesium and more from the soil
  - nutrients from the soil and soil solution through the plant roots
  - the primary and secondary nutrients and some micronutrients solely from the soil
  - their carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide
* obtain their energy directly from the sun
  - food from the sun
* obviously require light to grow.
* occasionally produce slender flowery spikes that resemble rat's tails.
  - the first feeding or trophic level as they make food directly from the sun's energy
* occupying marshes are instrumental in accreting sediment by trapping during tidal cycles.
  - naturally in riverine and seasonally flooded forests
  - over wide elevational ranges
  - singly although clusters are more common
* offer a safe, cost effective and unlimited supply of human blood proteins
* offer many benefits
  - more benefits
* often appear compressed to the soil, as if they have been repeatedly stepped on
  - dwarfed and leaves at the growing tip are distorted
  - are chlorotic or purplish, wilted, stunted and weak
  - become unkempt and straggly by late summer
  - bunchy and stunted, with curled and twisted stalks
  - collapse and die during hot weather
  - contain minerals that are taken up from the soil they are grown in
  - develop chemicals that act as poisons making an animal sick or even killing it
* often die be- fore blooming
  - from the weakening of the lower stem
  - in patches and the disease commonly produces circular patterns in the bed
  - within a few days
  - drop leaves while becoming acclimated to a new environment
  - form dense colonies that displace native vegetation and wildlife
  - grow more broad than high
* often have a rotted appearance
  - perfect root systems and no disease lesions on stems
  - sentimental value that far exceeds their actual monetary value
  - what appear as dead stems
  - lean, break, or blow over
  - loose their variegation when they are grown with too little light
  - occur in moderately dense, though often small, patches
  - recover if the disease is controlled early enough
* often reproduce asexually by what is known as vegetative reproduction
  - respond poorly under high levels of fertilization
* often respond to different stresses in a similar fashion
  - external stimuli through growth
  - root from the stem nodes if the nodes are buried in sand
  - shed basal leaves after flowering begins
  - show no symptoms until they are mature and bearing heavily
  - spread by runners, underground stems that grow horizontally
  - start from a tiny seed, and grow into a big tree
* often store nutrition as starch
  - waste inside of leaves
  - suffocate when planted too deep
  - take root at the node and produce new shoots
  - tassel prematurely
* often thrive in citrus groves, competing with trees for water, nutrients, and light
  - kitchen windows and brightly lit bathrooms because of the humidity
  - tiller ex- cessively
  - turn whitish when dried
  - wilt, turn yellow, and die
* only move when there is something to be gained by doing so
  - produce carbohydrates during the day and during the growing season
  - reach their full height and width when kept vigorous
  - reduce nitrate in the light for a reason
  - take up, or absorb, chemical salts dissolved in water, mostly through their roots
* operate specific systems for embryogenesis which are affected by various exogenous molecules.
* ordered by mail often arrive with no soil around their roots.
* organs Every plant has a unique form and structure and is made up of several distinct organs.
* ornaments very often show stylisation of some ancestral motif, mostly the tree of life.
* outgrow containers
* overfertilized with nitrogen tend to produce a flush of green growth and fewer flowers.
* pass the winter in various ways.
* pathogens with sexual and asexual reproduction on multiple hosts.
* perennials from seed.
* perform a vital role in replenishing the oxygen level in the atmosphere.
* perform best in areas with cool summers
  - full sun and are heat tolerant
  - gritty, well-drained soils
  - rich, moist soil, well-supplied with organic material
  - well-drained soils and full sun
  - better when planted after the tops have stopped active growth or died back
* photosynthesize it
  - light energy into chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates
  - only during the day and respire only at night
* pick that nitrogen up.
* pigments in woodland soils.
* placed in full sun tend to become scorched
  - sun have better red color
  - too close to the home can trap moisture, creating mildew problems
* plant themselves.
* plants farther apart to increase air-circulation.
* play a critical role in the complex food web
  - crucial role in supporting life on the planet
  - major role in supporting different forms of life on Earth
  - role in the long-term water balance
  - very important role in the natural environment and human life
  - vital role in the survival of the human race
* play an essential role in a gold mobilization
  - maintaining good water quality and a healthy, balanced habitat
* play an important role in achieving high quality effluent
  - disease prevention
* play an important role in the development of crops that resist disease, insects, and drought
  - significant role in development of crops that resist disease, insects and drought
  - many other essential roles
* pollens most often cause it.
* pollinate at different times of the year and it varies from season to season.
* pollinated by bats often have white or pale nocturnal flowers that are large and bell shaped
  - hermits tend to produce only one flower daily
* poppies directly in the soil.
* pose a problem to both kittens and adult cats, since felines tend to be lifetime nibblers.
* possess a sprawling habit
  - desirable characteristics
  - multifunctional and rapidly evolving specialized metabolic enzymes
  - vegetative souls , allowing for nutrition and reproduction
* pour out seeds.
* practice photosynthetic solutions to the problems of power acquisition.
* prefer a good soaking when they are watered, as opposed to frequent, light watering.
* prefer a rich, moist site, spreading to form a large patch
  - well draining soils to fuel their fast, season long growth
  - well-drained site in full sun and are frost tolerant
  - an open, humus-rich neutral to alkaline soil mix, warm conditions and strong light
  - at least one half sun
* prefer bright light, cool temperatures, moderate watering, high humidity and acidic soils
  - bright, indirect light and a moist, well-drained soil
  - deep, less frequent watering over light, more frequent watering
  - full sun and are tolerant of diverse soil types
* prefer full sun to light shade and a well-drained soil
  - partial shade in moist well drained soil
  - loose, nutrient-rich, sandy soil
  - medium light
  - natural light locations with partial shade to bright indirect light
* prefer partial shade with moist, fertile, well-drained soils
  - shade, slightly acid soil that is well drained
  - rich moist well drained, soil
  - rich, well cultivated soil
  - semi shade but tolerate full sun and extended dry periods once established
* prefer to be evenly moist, with a reservoir of water at their roots to use when they dry out
  - kept moist
  - have a steady, stable environment in which to grow
* present unique advantages for the study of circadian rhythms.
* presumably grow on different trees which are rather rare.
* prevent erosion, protecting our soil
  - soil erosion and flooding, and keep our water clean and drinkable
* produce a creeping rhizome but are relatively slow to spread
  - gas called ethylene
  - structure, the sporangium , in which meiosis occurs which animals lack
  - variety of defensive compounds that can seriously affect herbivores
  - wide variety of complex chemicals that mimic substances use by our own bodies
  - pollen that is easily dispersed by wind as the photo below shows
  - quantities of seed
  - abundant, small seeds which are dispersed by wind
  - abundantly
  - an array of potent protective chemicals
  - attractive white to light-pink petals at the edge of darker pink flowers
  - both food and oxygen for animals
  - red flower spikes which are very rich in nectar and attract many birds
* produce carbon compounds
  - dioxide and water as respiratory waste products
  - certain wastes of inorganic and organic nature, which are stored in the organs
* produce chemicals that act as pesticides to kill or predators and fungi
  - which upon decomposition of the plant are toxic to soil micro-organisms
  - clones by root suckering and can form large rings of genetically identical plants
  - clusters of large, red berries which possess a mild flavor
  - countless fragrant chemicals
  - creamy white flowers in spring followed by blue fruit in the fall
  - decorative seed pods and the flowers look good in cut arrangements
* produce defensive chemicals
  - double flowers all summer in pink and blue
  - energy by photosynthesis
  - ethylene as a natural product of respiration
  - fatty acids essential for the life of the cells in our body
  - few fruits, mostly foliage
  - flat heads of tightly clustered flowers
* produce flowers for reproduction
  - with a variety of tepal colors from reddish-purple to pink on white
  - food, which keeps humans and animals alive
  - fruit that are too small
  - fruits, rich in carbohydrates , vitamins and fiber
  - fungicides , insect repellents, and also pesticides to deter predators
  - glucose through a process known as photosynthesis
  - glycogen from sunlight in the process called photosynthesis
  - high wast which damages the environment
  - isoprene, a major haze ingredient, as a strategy for coping with heat
  - lacy clusters of white flowers in the spring as the foliage is emerging
* produce large clusters of bright red berries
  - less protein and more sugars, resulting in a major reduction in feed value
  - life-giving oxygen
  - little new growth, small berries and wilt and die
* produce many more pollen grains than are actually used in reproduction
  - types of xanthophylls, but lutein is the only one that accumulates in the eye
  - microscopic round or oval pollen grains to reproduce
* produce more leaves than stemmy tissue in the spring
  - non-productive support tissue as they get larger
  - oxygen than they use, adding oxygen to the atmosphere
  - most of the food in the ocean, as they do on land, and so they are called producers
* produce multiple sprays of yellow with red lipped flowers on compact growing plants
  - tillers from the crown
* produce new cell matter out of inorganic material by photosynthesis
  - offspring from just one parent plant
  - nitrogen nodules on their roots and are tolerant of drought and poor soil
  - nodding clusters of blue flowers
  - only a rosette of leaves in the first year
* produce organic compounds
  - molecules using carbon from carbon dioxide
  - other kinds of compounds in addition to the phenolics and terpenoids described below
* produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis
  - waste product of making sugar using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water
* produce oxygen during photosynthesis and can actually enhance oxygen levels during the day
  - the day, under lighted conditions, and carbon dioxide during the night
  - oxygen, add moisture and filter dangerous toxins
  - pollen in the spring
* produce pollens and spores that are particularly useful in helping to determine climate
  - when they pollinate
  - primary compounds important in their metabolism
  - rich purple flowers throughout the summer
  - roots, which normally grow downwards into the soil and shoots which grow upwards
* produce secondary compounds
  - metabolites as a defensive measure
* produce seed at eight years of age
* produce seeds and spores in the millions and billions
  - as a result of sexual reproduction
* produce seeds that can germinate into new plants
  - give rise to new plants of the same species
  - small blue daisies with an unusual dark eye
  - small, pea-like flowers
  - something like antifreeze to survive the winter
  - substances that act like estrogens
  - the essential nutrients needed by heterotrophs to serve as coenzymes, cofactors, etc
* produce their own food in order to survive and grow
  - the form of sugars through photosynthesis
* produce their own food using chlorophyll, a green pigment unique to plants
  - water, carbon dioxide, and energy from the sun
  - three amino acids , leucine, isoleucine and valine
  - two types of stems
  - vitamins and contain all the minerals
* produce white flowers in spring followed by blue-black fruit in fall
  - to pink, urn-shaped flowers in the spring
* produce, animals consume, and fungi absorb.
* produced by johnsongrass rhizomes are a common source of virus.
* producing flowers are classified as
  - seed are likely to have fewer flowers the following year
  - seeds in cones are classified as
  - spermatia appear to have a whitish margin that look as if the plant is old
  - woody stems are called trees and shrubs
* profoundly affect and are affected by soil organic matter and nutrient cycling.
* prosper in average soils and require only occasional watering once established.
* prostrate or ascending herbs.
* protect animals from the current and predators and provide a food source
  - soil from water and wind erosion, and help the soil store water
  - the soil from excess erosion
  - themselves against ozone hole
* provide a haven for wildlife
  - naturally recycling life support system in space
  - renewable source of food energy for many forms of life
  - spiritual link to nature and to our natural heritage
  - an important source of nutrients and organic matter
  - as much as three thousand pounds of forage per acre per year for animals
  - beauty, fragrance, food, and wildlife habitat
  - cover, food, and sediment-free spawning grounds for fish and other aquatic life
  - diverse habitats for birds, beneficial insects, and other wildlife in ecosystems
  - essential benefits that support all Earth's life forms
  - excellent opportunity
* provide fiber e.g. cotton, flax linen, paper, cardboard
  - which is manufactured into fabric and clothing
* provide food and cover for insects, which, in turn, are food for birds and mammals
  - cover, two vital needs for both
* provide food and shelter for widlife and provide a place for microorganisms to attach
  - wildlife and macroinvertebrates
* provide food for animals
  - most of the heterotrophs on land
  - food, clothing, shelter, and medicine
* provide food, shelter, and nesting sites for other organisms
  - clothing, flavors, beverages, drugs, medicines, and decoration
  - for many of the basic needs of wildlife
  - fuel, food, clothing, and even shelter, either directly or indirectly
  - good forage for livestock before burs develop
* provide habitat for animals
  - the invertebrates fish feed on
  - humans with oxygen through photosynthesis, food, clothing and shelter
* provide important habitats
  - protective substances called phytonutrients
* provide many benefits
  - medicinal products such as penicillin and digitalis
* provide materials for clothing including cotton and flax
  - shelter and for books
  - much of the oxygen needed by the organisms to live and grow
  - natural protection for soils against erosion in several ways
  - nourishment for our bodies and souls
  - nutrients and shelter
  - oxygen and food as well as alter and stabilize the soil
* provide oxygen to all living things
  - people and animals through photosynthesis
  - people and animals with food, shelter, and even oxygen
* provide shade and help keep the water cool
  - for domestic and wild animals
  - which keeps algae growth reduced, and convert nitrogen into a usable form
  - small fishes with a place to hide from predators
  - solid nourishment for animals big and small
* provide the base of the food chain in streams
  - basic food supply for themselves and for animals
  - basis of our energy balance, our atmosphere, and our food supply
  - food for all animal life
  - fungi with carbohydrates
  - nectar for honey production and pollen for brood production
* provide, directly or indirectly, food for all animals and all of our atmospheric oxygen.
* provides a single source of standardized information about plants.
* pull out nitrates.
* pump the water up from the soil to deliver nutrients to their leaves
  - up water from the soil
* purify the air by taking out carbon dioxide.
* put life-giving oxygen into the atmosphere via photosynthesis
  - up many barriers to the retention, entry and transport of herbicides
* quickly form a verdant mat
  - regain and surpass their original size
* radiate vibrations.
* range from dwarfs to mature specimens
  - shade to full-sun tolerant
  - single stems to large clusters, depending on species
  - smaller than a dime in diameter to about fifty-cent piece size
  - water storing cacti to fragile wildflowers
* range in size from magnificent forest trees to small shrubs
  - small mosses to giant redwood trees
* raspberries in well drained soils or on raised beds
  - well-drained soil or raised beds
* raspberry bushes on ridges or in raised beds if drainage problem.
* reach a maximum height of three feet
  - about an inch in diameter
  - islands in different ways
  - up from earth
* react to an air conditioner's cool air in various ways
  - extremes in temperatureas well as to the daily average
  - insect stings And sometimes form peculiar things
  - sunlight by growing towards it
  - that situation with stress and stress attracts many pests
* readily reproduce from roots.
* receive a healthy amount of sunlight
  - abundant sunlight in the spring and filtered light in the summer
  - carbon dioxide from animals, and animals receive oxygen from plants
  - less stress if planted when they are dormant
* receiving too little light have pale green, stretched foliage and long, weak flower stems.
* reclining perennial with prickles.
* recognize certain compounds as elicitors of their active defence mechanism.
* recover putting out normal leaves when air quality improves
  - rapidly and establish quickly
* recruit birds to aid pollination , and offer nectar as a reward
  - oil-detoxifying microbes
* recycle nutrients and oxygen into the food chain in wetlands.
* reduce energy consumption
* reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
  - discharge of solids, such as contaminated dirt, into waterways
  - risk of flooding in an area
* reflect green light and absorb other wavelengths
  - because they contain the molecule chlorophyll
* regulate our climate and enhance the natural beauty of our visual world.
* regulate their intake and loss of gases via a cellular automaton mechanism
  - own soil pH to release required minerals
* release carbon dioxide through a respiratory process analogous to that of our own breathing
  - oils that enter the soil and blend with the other earthy odors
* release oxygen during photosynthesis
  - into the air as the carbohydrates sugar and cellulose are synthesized
  - significant amounts of their repellent oils only when their leaves are crushed
  - some of the stored carbon back into the atmosphere through respiration
  - volatile chemicals when attacked by caterpillars
* release water and oxygen that animals breathe in
  - into the air from their leaves
  - through pores in their leaves
  - vapor into the air
* rely on animals and wind and water to help scatter their seeds
  - to help spread seeds
  - pollination to reproduce
  - sunlight for energy and nutrients
  - the soil , water, and the sun for energy
* remain green all year
  - until just before death
  - in bloom for several months
  - low, spread quickly and develop small, white, sweet smelling flowers in mass
* remains are so durable that flash-freezing is unnecessary for their preservation
  - found at nest sites strongly suggests they built nests in late spring-early summer
* remains, like bones, are clues to diet.
* remove carbon dioxide from the air and add oxygen during photosynthesis
  - and replace it with oxygen
  - atmosphere during photosynthesis
  - atmosphere, produce oxygen, and provide shade
  - from the environment as carbon dioxide
  - formaldehyde from the air
  - nutrients from the water and assist in transferring oxygen to the water
  - water from the air and into the soil by transpiration
* repeat bloom in late summer and fall
  - blooming for many years
* represent millions of years of adaptation to environmental challenges
  - only a small portion of the total cost of growing vegetables
* reproduce and grow in various ways
  - asexually, and people reproduce through childbirth
  - both sexually and asexually
* reproduce by making seeds, like the sunflower does
  - seed and are prolific seed producers
  - seeds and rhizomes
  - seeds, stems, and creeping rootstocks
  - spreading seeds
  - freely by stolons
  - from the base of the stem after logging or fire
* reproduce sexually by means of seeds or spores
  - spreading pollen from one flower to another
  - through their seeds that are replanted to turn into new plants
* reproduced vegetively include artichokes and orchids.
* require a certain amount of lumens to grow
  - year or more to reach maturity
* require air, water and light to grow
  - water, and light
* require air, water, nutrients, and light in order to live and thrive
  - ample water
  - an inch of water weekly
  - assistance
* require carbon dioxide as an input
  - in the photosynthesis process
  - to conduct photosynthesis
* require certain nutrients
  - quantities of light for proper growth
  - consistent moisture until pollination
  - diets that are as diverse as diets for people
  - differing amounts of water
* require frequent fertilization
  - watering from the time they are transplanted
  - inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for normal growth
  - intermediate to warm temperatures and medium amounts of light
  - less water when it is cool and more when it is hot
  - little cultivation, except for weeding during early stages of growth
  - loose soil and excellent drainage
  - lower maintenance
  - magnesium to synthesize chlorophyll , essential for photosynthesis
* require many different types of nutrients for proper growth
  - nutrients to grow, reproduce, and survive
  - minimal maintenance
  - moist, acidic, humus-rich soil in partial to full shade
  - moisture to absorb soil nutrients
* require more frequent water
  - nitrogen than the do any other mineral element
  - water during their reproductive stage
  - much moisture, grow rapidly, and are often highly productive
  - nitrates for use with sugar to produce protein
  - nitrogen to make proteins, which are essential for all living things
  - nutrients for growth
  - one inch of rainfall per week for best growth
  - oxygen for respiration to carry out their functions of water and nutrient uptake
  - oxygen, nutrients, and water for proper growth
  - plenty of daylight to thrive
  - potassium for vigor and strength
  - proper environments to grow and develop
  - pruning and training to mechanically harvest
  - relatively large amounts of potassium in order to grow and remain healthy
  - rest between grazing to replenish stored sugars and restore leaf area
  - small amounts of other elements including iron, copper, zinc, sulfur, and boron
* require some minerals in fairly large amounts and some in small amounts
  - nitrogen in the amine form
* require space to grow and reproduce
  - sulfur for normal growth and development
  - sunlight in order to undergo photosynthesis
  - sunlight, water, soil, and air in order to grow and be healthy
* require the carbon dioxide animals expel, while animals require the oxygen plants produce
  - in air in order to perform photosynthesis
  - full spectrum of light in order to grow and produce fertile seeds
  - time during the growing season to recover before grazing
  - very little sodium, therefore, feeds derived from plants are very low in sodium
* require water and nutrients to grow
  - both to make nutrients and to move nutrients through their body from the soil
  - well drained soil to prosper over time
* requires little maintenance Survives in full sunlight, partial sunlight, and light shade.
* reseed themselves in the wild and in favorable spots.
* resist scab, tolerate cucumber mosaic.
* respire all the time, day or night
  - exactly the same way that animals do
* respire, of course, just as animals and other heterotrophs do.
* respond adversely to rapid changes in the environment.
* respond differently to different colors of light
  - humic fertilizers according to their method of preparation
  - the climate where they are growing
  - in a robust fashion to cell damage
  - much faster to iron chelates than other iron sources
  - quickly to the higher night time temperatures
* respond to acoustic energy
* respond well to extra water during the drier seasons of the year
* responses to and effects on the micro-environment
  - biotic and abiotic stress
  - canopy density mediated by photomorphogenic processes
  - cellular dehydration during environmental stress
  - grazing varied with stocking rate and topographic position
  - high temperatures are complex
  - human activities in the tropical savanna ecosystem of Botswana
  - saline and sodic conditions
* resprout via an extensive rhizome system following cool fires.
* rest in preparation for the next growing season.
* rests in winter.
* resume growth each spring from crown buds
* retain their green color throughout the winter
  - natural profile without flopping on their neighbors
* return the favor by consuming carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen
  - water they take in back to the air
* rhabdoviruses replicate and assembly in nuclei, cytoplasm, and viroplasms.
* rhizomes in spring or fall.
* root easily from softwood or semihardwood cuttings taken before flowering
  - readily from softwood cuttings
* rooted in it have trouble absorbing water.
* rootstocks in spring after frost.
* roses far enough apart to allow good air circulation between plants.
* rot and wilt and die
  - at the ground line, or crown, of the plant
  - in the ground and precious top soil is washed away
* rows with the direction of the prevailing wind to promote faster drying of foliage and fruit.
* run freely.
* sacrifice old growth in favor of new growth during stressful weather conditions.
* salsify from seed in early spring and harvest after the first hard freeze in the fall.
* scapose, leaves basal, pinnatisect with filiform lobes.
* secrete compounds
* see the blue light.
* seeds into well-drained, fertile soil after the soil has warmed.
* seek out light
  - rewards of nutrients, water, sunlight, and territory necessary for survival
* seek, above all else, to propagate.
* seem to absorb the higher sound frequencies at a greater rate
  - do best in rich soils such as are found in coulees or at the bases of hills
* seem to grow most vigorously in the summer time
  - together as groups
  - know how important the sun is
  - live by constantly producing fresh growth
  - produce leaves, petals and seeds based upon the golden number
* send out feeder roots to absorb water and essential nutrients.
* sense seasonal and other environmental changes.
* serve a use in the spiritual world
  - many important functions in the landscape
  - the human race in a variety of ways
* set outdoors tend to dry out quicker.
* shade the surface, moderating temperature fluctuations and moisture availability.
* shaded by their neighbors often bolt upward to reach sunlight.
* shapes divide and define the spaces in the garden.
* share characteristics
  - many characteristics with green algae
  - several basic characteristics
* shelter one another by blocking sunlight or allowing sunlight to reach the plant.
* shift their positions to keep up with the sunlight in surrounding areas.
* show a nonspecific decline and wilt
  - preference for partial to open light and upper slopes
  - wet rot and have a foul smell
  - wide range of sensitivity that generally overlaps that of animals
  - adaptations to hot and cold environments
  - and increased growth rate
  - both, but degree of each differs with life cycle stage
  - chlorosis and drying of green tissue and yellowing of leaf tips and margins
  - chlorosis, foliar discoloration, reduced plant vigor and premature leaf drop
  - great vigor and free-flowering traits
  - heterospory or two types of meiospores, microspores and megaspores
  - increased susceptibility to winter injury
  - reddening of leaf margins and very red petioles
  - remarkable perspicacity in their behaviour and struggle for life
  - sensitivity to one sided light by leaning toward the light
* show signs of a general decline often before the crawlers or adults are even noticed
  - stress when light levels are too low or too high
  - some stunting, purple leaf tips and margins and numerous chlorotic spots
  - upward rolling of leaflets of the older leaves
* showing symptoms near harvest are edible.
* shrubs only in the spring
  - three to four feet apart in rows six feet apart
* simply have to cope with environmental changes as they come.
* sing as they work The sun is the primary source in the Earth's food and energy chain.
* slow down their metabolic rates in the cooler weather.
* slowly die one leaf at a time.
* soak up carbon dioxide, combining it with water to create other chemicals
  - large amounts of water through their roots
  - the water from the soil, and animals drink it from the streams
* soaks up carbon dioxide, emit oxygen, and absorb toxic particles from the air.
* solve the gamete transfer problem by relying on various pollination vectors.
* sometimes exhibit wilt symptoms with narrow, stunted, mottled leaves
  - store toxic compounds in hairs on the surfaces of their leaves
* spacing variability begins with the planter.
* specially living in water are called as hydrophytes.
* species distribution in bald cypress swamps along the Cache River in southern Illinois
  - diversity is one such attribute
  - interrelationships in a secondary succession in coastal British Columbia
  - migration across contiguous ancient-recent forest ecotones in central Belgium
* species migration in a mixed- history forest landscape in eastern North America
  - mixed-history forest landscape in eastern North America
  - native to Utah
* species with low shade tolerance in sunny areas
  - waxy foliage are generally more tolerant of salt spray
* speed up recovery from illness.
* spend a lot of energy and nutrients in creating fruit.
* spontaneously grow in the mulch to create a float- ing plant habitat.
* sprawling on the ground lose many tomatoes to slugs and disease.
* spread out to form open clusters of plants
* spread rapidly by clonal vegetative reproduction from vigorous rhizomes
  - underground runners and by seed
  - via surviving rhizomes
* spread slowly to form dense clumps
  - via short rhizomes
* spread slowly with age, forming a ground cover with beautiful flowers
  - steadily via underground stolons to form large clumps in the border
  - via seeds, tillers, and occasionally by short rhizomes
* spreads horizontally, forming large clumps of interconnected plants.
* sprout aromatic leaves.
* sprout from buds
* sprouting from the genetically modified seeds produce their own pesticide.
* stabilize soils and oxygenate the atmosphere.
* stand erect up to several feet in height and have branching roots
  - on grass mats that cover a wood base
  - one to two feet tall
  - still after they have passed the seed stage
* stands of evergreens in hardwood forests.
* start carrying on photosynthesis and respiration if the plant has chlorophyll and sunlight
  - from cutting as erect stems but soon develop several heavy spreading branches
  - growth early in spring and continue through the summer
* start their life as seeds and the seeds then grow into small plants and then big trees
  - lives as tiny seeds
  - to grow, and astronauts grow and harvest food
* starts of perennial herbs.
* starved in oxygen gas also affects the success of germination for metabolism and growth.
* stay in bloom for up to three weeks or more
  - the same place all the time
  - more compact if their flower spikes are pinched back
* stems and leaves grow toward a light source.
* stems are decumbent
  - negatively geotropic and the roots are positively geotropic
  - responsive to the loads applied and can increase the amount of fibre if necessary
  - can be horizontal
  - hold the plant upright an carry nutrients from one part of the plant to the other
  - protect soil from rapid temperature fluctuations that cause frost-heaving
  - remain green while the pods and seed have reached harvest maturity
  - root at the nodes where they touch the soil
  - slow and disperse flow of surface runoff, and promote settling of sediment
  - that run above and along the ground and form a new plant near the main plant
* stems, physiology and functional morphology.
* still lose moisture to the atmosphere in winter but at a slower rate than in summer
  - require water to reestablish a root system and survive
* stop growing during hot summer
* store food
  - insoluble polymers, starches, lipids, and proteins in the cells
  - poisons in their vacuole
  - some of their sugar they made during photosynthesis to give their own cells energy
  - their high-level radioactive waste in pools or in dry containers
* stored in a capillary bed can survive for up to a year with very little maintenance.
* strawberries so the crown is slightly above the soil line when plants are firmed.
* strive on polychrome rock face.
* succeed in any lime-free soil, light or heavy.
* succulent, or non-succulent.
* suck in the silicon through their roots, and then somehow make little fibres of glass.
* sucker freely.
* suddenly turn yellow and die in patches during warm, humid weather.
* suffer from a lack of water and nutrients, and yields are reduced
  - lack of sunlight and available moisture is taken by neighboring trees and shrubs
  - less transplant shock and develop roots faster if they are without blooms
  - nutrient deficiency and develop drought intolerance following acid rain
  - the effects of ozone too
* suffering from nitrogen deficiency are more susceptible to disease, infection, and injury
  - physiological stalk weakness are susceptible to secondary problems
* supply animals with energy
  - many human needs through their use as food, medicines, energy, building materials etc
* supply the energy for all higher life forms on Earth
  - fungi with carbohydrates, in return, making it a symbiotic relationship
* supported by cages tend to be less susceptible to blossom-end rot than staked plants.
* surround ponds and lake shores.
* survive as root stock during winter, buried by insulating layer of snow.
* survive only when they are adapted to subfreezing weather
  - where the amount is within a specified range
  - periods without water by using a couple of strategies
  - very low temperatures only when they are fully hardened off
  - with the help of water
  - within a more or less broad range of temperatures
* sustain continual growth in the apical meristem
  - only minute damage as the corn borer larvae attempt to feed
* sway in the wind.
* sweat through transpiration.
* synthesise all their nutrients from air water and minerals in the soil.
* synthesize a large number oc compounds to protect themselves from predators
  - structural polysaccharide called cellulose
  - amino acids from the combination of sunlight, water and soils
  - and contain compounds with antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties
  - glucose using photosynthesis, a process that is critical for all life
  - lignin to strengthen cell walls and to resist pathogen attack
  - sugar from carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis
  - two types of polysaccharides, starch and cellulose
* take a foothold along cracks or in depressions where moisture content is higher.
* take carbon dioxide and turn it back into breathable air
  - back into oxygen
  - from the air and give off oxygen
  - gas from the atmosphere and convert it into solid sugars and starches
  - out of the atmosphere
  - in air through their leaves
* take in and store aldrin and dieldrin from the soil
* take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen
  - out oxygen during photosynthesis
  - produce oxygen through a passive process called respiration
* take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the air
  - use it as food
  - water to produce glucose and give off oxygen in photosynthesis
  - water, and produce carbohydrates and oxygen
* take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and release oxygen
  - and use the carbon to build carbohydrates
  - for photosynthesis, and release carbon dioxide when they decompose
  - which humans breathe out
  - dioxide, and release sugar and oxygen
  - from the atmosphere and ocean and fix it into themselves
  - energy from the sun and use it to maintain growth and develop food and oxygen
  - gases from the air and give off others through pores in the leaves
  - nutrients through their root systems and sometimes their leaves
  - oxygen and use the sugar to create carbon dioxide and water
  - the gas carbon dioxide into their leaves
* take in water through the roots
  - their roots, which are found underground
  - it in and use it for photosynthesis, build carbohydrates
  - minerals from the earth in ionic and colloidal form via their root membranes
  - nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen from the soil
  - on a beautiful reddish hue when grown in full sun
* take several weeks to die
  - years to develop from seedlings to flowering stage
  - the sun 's energy , and they are eaten by other animals as food
* take the sun's energy and store it in high-energy food substances that animals can use
  - energy, and they are eaten by other animals as food
  - their own shapes and sometimes demand their own location
  - time to grow
  - up N mainly in nitrate form
* take up and release gases through small pores on the leaf surface called stomata
  - store the radioactive materials in roots or stems
  - carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis
  - certain nutrients from the water
  - chloride from salts accumulating in the soil
  - most water from the top foot of soil
* take up nitrate from the soil and then reduce nitrate to ammonia
  - in normal growth and developmental processes
* take up nitrates and form proteins
  - from the soil to make plant proteins for growth
* take up nitrogen as nitrate, in smaller amounts also as ammonium ions
  - either as ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite via their roots
* take up nutrients from the soil and the chemicals from the airs and use energy from the sun
  - in the surface waters, so that they are almost undetectable
  - selectively according to their particular needs at a given time
  - small amounts of hafnium from the soil in which they grow
* take up the organic nutrients and act as a natural filter of the waste water
  - phosphate ions from the soil
* take up water and minerals through their roots but make food in their leaves
  - from the soil and then release it from their leaves back to the air
  - into their tissues and release it into the atmosphere
  - through their roots and release water vapor through their leaves
* take water from the ground through their roots
  - to grow and create food
* tend to be aquatic in nature taking root in or near a water source
  - smaller and low in vigor
* tend to be stunted and show poor growth
  - due to a shortening of the internodes
* tend to become lanky, with few flowers
  - shallow-rooted and subject to winter injury
  - bloom earlier and generally are smaller in western than in eastern Nebraska
  - bolt when conditions remain dry
  - broaden with time as they sucker and mass together extremely uniformly
  - form roots around a root ball for reasons other than the pot being too small
* tend to grow close to the ground or in the rocks for protection
  - toward light or water, for instance
  - hold soil and fine-grained rock fragments in place
  - just fall over and die for no noticeable reason
  - leak water and create problems
  - prefer being slightly dry rather than too wet
  - produce better flowers as the size increases with age
  - rot in wet locations
* tends to grow flat.
* then become hypersensitive to light and die
  - begin to die-off during autumn
  - can produce their own fruits and seeds
  - convert carbon dioxide into carbon which gets stored, or sequestered, in the roots
  - stabilize the soil, preventing erosion
* then take root and hold the soil deposits firm against the force of the tide
  - that carbon dioxide, convert it into carbohydrates, and release oxygen
  - use the carbon dioxide and water to produce more food and oxygen
* therefore show great versatility in the way their cells adapt to changing environments.
* thirst for a few drops of water.
* thrive beneath a pyramid.
* thrive in a loose, loamy soil that is high in organic matter
  - moderately cool location, with partial shade
  - areas that receive summer moisture
  - filtered sun to full shade and prefer moist soil
* thrive in full sun but have been known to flower and remain healthy in partial shade
* thrive in shade and prefer a humus-rich, evenly moist soil
  - well drained soil and require limited care
* thrive on fertile garden soils
  - poor soils and compete poorly with established vegetation
  - quality water
  - with no spray and produce year after year
* thus expend far less energy developing roots to meet their nitrogen needs.
* to attract insects
  - sufficient pollinators
  - sufficient food
* to produce buds
* to survive in arid conditions
  - different environments
* to survive in such conditions
* tolerate aneuploidy much better than animals
* tolerate heat, cold, low soil fertility, and drought
  - drought, wind, and low fertility as long as drainage is sufficient
* tolerate high levels of sulfur dioxide
  - some leaf damage without affecting plant health
* too are alive
  - sources for medicine
* too have hormones
  - in some cases a long life, while in others it lasts but for a year
* toxins have affinity for existing receptors in animals.
* transplanted to an unfavourable soil die.
* trap the energy from the sun using the carbon dioxide in the air to make food
  - light energy for photosynthesis
* treated with insecticides registered for use on food crops are safe to compost.
* turn light into chemical energy in the form of sugars, which fuel the entire food web.
* turn pale green or yellow, wilt, then brown and die
  - straw-colored when cool season frosts begin
  - the sun s light into food
  - white, after becoming translucent at the leaf tips
* turn yellow and are stunted
  - degenerate prematurely
  - die from the bottom up
  - green and wilt
  - yellow, wilt, and gradually or suddenly die
* typically collapse just as fruiting starts.
* typically develop by acquiring nutrients from the soil
  - large patches and are difficult to control
  - die back during the dry winter months and leaves begin to emerge in spring
  - form colonies, especially in disturbed places
  - freeze back in the winter
  - grow along the shore
* typically grow in open, sunny areas on moist soils in cool temperate climates
  - wet to moist soils, but tolerate periods of dryness
  - tiny pores in the stems and leaves of the plant called stomata
  - occur in clumps where they arise from fleshy bulbous bases
  - produce their own pesticides, especially in response to perceived threats
  - require less, if any, watering during cool or wet weather
  - take two to three years to fully mature
* un- thrifty, often stunted, lack vigor.
* undergo aerobic respiration similar to animals
  - both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
  - less stress from variations in soil moisture
  - primary growth to increase length and secondary growth to increase thickness
* use Photosynthesis to create food from sunlight and carbon dioxide.
* use a different part of the air, a gas called carbon dioxide
  - process called photosynthesis to make food
  - tremendous amount of water to support their leaves
* use a variety of methods to prevent heavy metals from affecting their growth
  - then disperse their seeds
  - techniques to survive desert extremes
  - air, water, and light to grow
  - and store carbon dioxide when they grow
  - both processes, photosynthesis to capture the energy and respiration to use it
  - burn gases
* use carbon dioxide and sunlight to make their own food and grow
  - as an input to their growth
* use carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis
  - to make food through a process called photosynthesis
  - atmosphere for photosynthesis
  - gas in the process of photosynthesis , and exhale oxygen gas as waste
  - in photosynthesis to produce biomass, including food
  - to grow, absorbing it through the photosynthesis process
* use carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates during photosynthesis
  - food for themselves
  - dioxide, water, and sunlight to make glucose
  - in the from of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
  - cellulose for strength
  - chlorophyll and carotenoids, both chemical pigments, to absorb light
* use chlorophyll to capture the sun s energy
  - convert sunlight into food using a process called photosynthesis
  - chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and minerals in order to make food
  - chloroplasts to turn sunlight into fuel to produce oxygen for their cells
  - cotyledons to make sugars through photosynthesis
  - different approaches to achieving specific goals
* use energy from sunlight to convert the carbon dioxide into food or materials to grow
  - the sun in tiny energy factories called chloroplasts
* use energy from the sun to grow and make food for all living things
  - make their own food through photosynthesis
  - produce carbon dioxide and sugars
  - environmental sources of energy and raw materials for their construction of glucose
  - ferrous iron
  - floral scents to attract pollinators or to repel harmful insects
  - fruit to attract animals and increase the range of their habitat
* use glucose as food for energy and as a building block for growing
  - in the same way that other living things do
  - green pigments called chlorophylls to trap light energy
  - groundwater to grow
  - illegal materials
  - in photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen
  - inorganic minerals for nutrition, whether grown in the field or in a container
  - internal fertilisation apart from a few aquatic non-vascular plants
  - inulin to store energy
* use it as an input to their growth
* use it to build proteins, enzymes, chlorophyll, and hormones
  - with a chemical called chlorophyll to make food for plants
  - latex as a defense against herbivorous insects
  - leaves to absorb sunlight for the process of photosynthesis
* use light as a source of energy - it is necessary for photosynthesis to occur
  - energy to drive photosynthesis, and animals use light energy to see
  - light-sensitive cells called chloroplasts to absorb photons from the sun
  - magnesium with iron to make their green chlorophyll
  - minerals for nutrition in nature or when growing in a container
* use more of the red light in photosynthesis than any other colour
  - water in spring and summer, much less in fall and winter
  - much of the glucose they make
  - nitrate to build plant tissue, which is then eaten by animals
  - nitrate, and it is mostly harmless to fish
  - nitrates from the soil to make proteins
* use nitrogen gas from the air to make organic compounds
  - nutrients found naturally in the soil and in the added compost
  - one of two life strategies to survive
* use only carbon dioxide gas from the air , water and sunlight
  - the nitrate form directly
* use oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
  - at night instead of producing it
  - to change food that they have made into energy for growth
  - pattern-recognition receptors to recognize conserved microbial signatures
  - phosphorus to flower, fruit and seed
  - photosynthesis as a means of obtaining energy from sunlight
* use photosynthesis to convert water and carbon dioxide into biomass
  - carbon dioxide into glucose
  - gather oxygen and transform it into energy
  - get their energy from the sun and use carbon dioxide to make oxygen
* use photosynthesis to make food
  - take carbon dioxide and water and make glucose and release oxygen
  - turn sunlight into chemical energy
  - photosynthesis, deriving the energy from the sun
  - phytochromes to sense sunlight
  - potassium in such functions as photosynthesis, protein formation and water use
  - red and blue light most efficiently for photosynthesis and to regulate other processes
  - several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores
  - silica compounds as protection against predators
  - silicon to strengthen their cell walls
* use solar energy as food so they can grow
* use some of the carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis as fuel for the respiration process
  - oxygen they produce, but most of it is released
  - special structures to help solve the problems of survival
* use starch as their major energy storage molecule
  - sulfur in the processes of producing proteins, amino acids, enzymes and vitamins
* use sunlight as a way to make energy to grow
  - energy to make food through a process known as photosynthesis
* use sunlight for energy and make carbohydrates out of carbon dioxide and water
  - in a process called photosynthesis to survive
* use sunlight to convert oxygen and carbon dioxide into glucose
  - grow, then animals eat the plants
* use sunlight to make energy
* use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide from the air, and water into food
  - water and carbon dioxide into glucose
* use sunlight, air, and water to make food
  - carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar and oxygen
  - water, and carbon dioxide to make their food
  - the E from photosynth
* use the carbon dioxide and return free oxygen to the air
  - that humans and animals breathe out after inhaling oxygen
  - direct light energy from the sun to grow
* use the energy from light to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water
  - in sunlight to make their own food
  - of the sun to manufacture their own sugar, by the process of photosynthesis
  - they receive from solar radiation in order to fuel photosynthesis
  - food they make to fuel their own growth and activities
  - glucose they create through photosynthesis as a food source to survive
* use the light energy to grow
  - most water during the warmest part of the day
  - nitrate ion as a nutrient or fertilizer to grow
* use the nutrients from rocks, minerals and decaying plants and animals as food to grow on
  - in the soil as soon as the nutrient are put there
  - phosphates to grow, and animals that eat plants consume the phosphates in the plants
  - sugars to make food and nectar
* use the sun's energy and provide many animals with food
  - for photosynthesis, which is the process they use to make nutrients
* use the sun's energy to grow through a process known as photosynthesis
  - perform electrolysis and break down water into hydrogen and oxygen
  - produce the basic food for all animals, including humans
  - transform carbon dioxide gas and water into a sugar called glucose
  - light to make food
  - sunlight to build complex molecules that store the energy
  - their leaves to intercept sunlight
* use their leaves to make food from sunlight, water, carbon dioxide and nutrients
* use their roots to draw in water and minerals that are transported upward into the leaves
  - take up nitrogen available in the soil
  - up carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during photosynthesis and release oxygen
  - various techniques to attract their particular animal partners
  - water to cool themselves, produce food, grow and reproduce
  - water, carbon dioxide and light energy to make sugar
* used for screening sometimes have a short life span
  - in landscaping provide a source of seeds for invading disturbed areas nearby
* usually acquire tree forms
  - are infected with the disease-causing bacteria long before they show any symptoms
  - contain about half as much chl b as chl a
* usually die before pro- ducing seed
  - do that to nonuseful proteins
  - flower their second year, but some act as annuals and bloom the first
  - fruit by their fourth year, and bear full crops after the eighth year
  - go dormant and turn brown during the cool season where nighttime frosts are common
* usually grow at edge of forest
  - luxuriantly in pure compost
  - perk up with water just as children perk up with good words and smiles from parents
  - produce small quantities of viable seed
* usually recover in the same or the following season
  - when the weather becomes warm and dry
  - reproduce by forming seeds through sexual reproduction
  - require a certain 'photo-period' or time during which they have light
  - respond favorably by producing new, dark green growth
  - resume their normal forms as the snow melts
  - suffer one way or another
  - thrive in moist environments
  - use the lighter carbon dioxide first, before tapping into the heavier isotope
* utilize all colors in photosynthesis
  - ammonia preferentially over other sources of nitrogen
* utilize carbon dioxide in water during photosynthesis to produce oxygen
  - dioxide, produce food, release oxygen, and purify water
  - nutrients throughout their entire system from the roots to the pollen
  - simple chemicals as hormones, which move more easily through the plant's tissues
  - the nitrate ions as a nutrient or fertilizer for growth
* vary according to the water supply
  - as to how fast they become resistant to drought after planting
  - diurnally in concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates
  - enormously in the amount of phytoestrogens they contain
  - greatly in size, from knee high to eight feet tall
* vary greatly in their intervals from seeding to maturity
  - requirement for molybdenum
* vary in flower color, bloom time, height, foliage texture and environmental requirements
  - height, length of leaves, time of flowering, and clump diameter
  - susceptibility to pathogens
* vary in the amount of nitrate that accumulates in various tissues
  - sunlight they require for optimum growth
  - speed and ease in which they root from cuttings
  - way they respond to rotational grazing
* vary in their expression of drought stress
  - minimum and maximum temperature requirements
  - requirements for sunlight, soil conditions, and irrigation
  - response to various wavelengths
  - sensitivity to salt
* vary in their susceptibility to different pollutants
  - sun scald
  - tremendously in what constitutes a healthy leaf color
  - widely in their requirement for light
* vegetatively reproduce from rhizomes, rhizome and stem fragments, and layering.
* very husky grower and blooms in the winter.
* vines with the lowest bud on the cane just above the soil surface.
* volatiles as a defense against insect herbivores.
* wage a constant battle with insects, relying heavily on chemical warfare.
* wastes, fungal culture, mushrooms, antioxidants.
* weakened by drought or root rots are more prone to cold injury
  - it quickly fall victim to fungus gnats and aphids
* weakened by stress are also more susceptible to disease and insect damage
  - susceptible to disease and insects
* wildflowers away from structures and in widely separated beds
  - the same times as prairie grasses
  - to lure parasitic insects, also enemies of beetles
* will have blossoms
  - solid green leaves
* wilt suddenly and die, with leaves clinging to dead plants.
* windbreaks to avoid soil loss due to wind scouring.
* wither and die for lack of rain
* wither, trees become barren of leaves.
* withstand long periods of drought, as they produce little growth in dry weather.
* woody, trees or shrubs.
* work by cleaning the air and neutralizing pollution
  - well in beds, border, containers and baskets
* yields a blue dye similar to indigo.
+ Asexual reproduction: Methods of reproduction
  * The main process of asexual reproduction is mitosis. This type of reproduction is common among some single-cell organisms, for example, amoeba. Many plants also reproduce asexually.
+ Carbon dioxide: Organic compounds :: Biochemistry :: Greenhouse gases :: Oxides
  * It is a gas at room temperature. It is made of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. People and animals release carbon dioxide when they breathe out. Plants use carbon dioxide to make food. This process is called photosynthesis. The properties of carbon dioxide were studied by the Scottish scientist Joseph Black in the 1750s.
+ Cellular automaton, Biology: Computer science :: Mathematics
  * Plants regulate their intake and loss of gases via a cellular automaton mechanism. Each stoma on the leaf acts as a cell.
+ Cotyledon: Botany
  * Plants use cotyledons to make sugars through photosynthesis. They use the sugars to keep true leaves growing. After a while, the cotyledons often die because the plant does not need them anymore.
+ Cultigen, Definition of cultigen
  * Some plants are used in gardens or parks. They are the same that those that occur in nature.
+ Defence against herbivory: Botany :: Co-evolution
  * Plants use several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. Many plants produce chemicals which change the behaviour, growth, or survival of herbivores. These chemical defences can act as repellents or toxins to herbivores, or reduce plant digestibility. Some plants encourage the presence of natural enemies of herbivores, which in turn protect the plant.
  * Plants can and do react to damage. Boyd, Jade 2012
  - predators: Co-evolution :: Ecology
  * Not surprisingly, then, animals have developed a wide range of defences against predation. Oxford University Press. Many plants have some defence against herbivores
+ Drink:
  * A 'drink' is a liquid that you can take into your body, by using your mouth. Typical drinks for humans include water, tea, milk, coffee, juice, soft drinks and alcoholic drinks. All drinks are mainly water. All life needs water to live. Plants take in water through their roots, which are found underground. Most animals get water by drinking. To 'drink' means to take a drink into your body.
+ Eating: Food and drink
  * Eating' is taking in food to get energy and nutrients. People and animals need to 'eat' because they cannot make their own food inside their bodies like plants. All plants' energy comes from the sun. Plants take the sun's energy, and they are eaten by other animals as food. The animals then eat each other for the energy.
+ Evergreen
  * An 'evergreen plant' is a plant that keeps its leaves over the winter. Most plants lose their leaves in autumn.
+ Frugivore, Plant and frugivore relationship: Animals
  * The fruit is part of a plant's sexual reproduction cycle. Plants spend a lot of energy and nutrients in creating fruit. Fruit is produced to attract animals into eating the fruit. The animal digests the pulp but not the seeds, ensuring the plant's genes are spread wherever the animal goes. Seeds can also be germinated by falling near the mother plant.
+ Gene duplication, Evolutionary importance
  * Major genome duplication events are not uncommon. It is believed that the entire yeast genome underwent duplication about 100 million years ago. Plants are the most prolific genome duplicators.
+ Guard cell: Plant anatomy :: Cells
  * Guard cell's are types of cells that surrounds stomates in plants. Plants lose water through stomates. Guard cells are able to open and close the stomates to save water. Guard cells are activated by sunlight. When water follows, the cells get hard and they push open. At night, guard cells lose water and close again.
+ Habitat, Plant habitats: Ecosystems
  * Just as animals adapt to the places they live, so do plants. Plants are adapted to a wide variety of habitats. As a result, each plant has certain characteristics. Some are adapted to living on land while others live in water. Plants that grow on land usually have stiff stems to hold them upright, while water plants tend to have less rigid stems because the water supports them.
+ Inbreeding, Discussion: Classical genetics
  * Many plant species self-fertilise in the wild, but the great majority have occasional outcrossing. This provides them with sufficient variety for their survival.
+ List of plants by common name
  * Most plants have several country names, and country names often refer to several distinct plants. This list includes garden plants as well as weeds
  - professional wrestling terms, P: Sports lists
  * Plants are a good tool for a heel wrestler to gain heat from the crowd. Alternatively, to get over, some heels may do such actions as grab a fan's hat and throw it away
+ Mixed cropping: Agriculture
  * Mixed cropping is not the same as crop rotation. In crop rotation you plant different crops in the same field in different years. Some plants add nitrogen to the soil, some take it out. If you would plant the same crop year after year, you wear out your soil.
+ Nectar: Flowers :: Fruits
  * It is very sweet because it has a lot of sugar in it. Plants make nectar to attract pollinating animals. It is made in glands called nectaries. The Nectaries are usually at the bottom of the perianth. This means the animal trying to get the nectar have to touch the parts of the plant that are used for reproduction. By doing this, the animal getting the nectar helps the plants reproduce. Some plants make nectar outside the flower.
  * Plants make nectar to attract pollinating animals. It is made in glands called nectaries. The Nectaries are usually at the bottom of the perianth. This means the animal trying to get the nectar have to touch the parts of the plant that are used for reproduction. By doing this, the animal getting the nectar helps the plants reproduce. Some plants make nectar outside the flower. These plants do it to attract predatory insects. These insects will eat both the nectar and any plant-eating insects found near the plant.
+ Oddanchatram: Cities in Tamil Nadu
  * It is known as the vegetable city of Tamil Nadu. Plants grown here are maize, tomato, chilli, cauliflower, beans and other vegetables. The vegetables are exported to nearby states. Also it is famous for its vegetable and curd market, which can sell up to 5,000 tons of produce a day.
+ Perennial: Types of plants
  * A 'perennial' is a plant that bears leaves and perhaps flowers every year. Some plants only bear leaves and flowers once, then they die. Such plants are called 'annual'. Other plants live for two years. They are called 'biennial'.
+ Photocatalysis, Research and Uses: Chemistry
  * An example of organometallic research is mimicking photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to make sugar for food. Plants use only carbon dioxide gas from the air, water and sunlight. Plants actually have an organometallic molecule containing Mn that helps them perform this reaction. Scientists hope to make an organometallic molecule that can make organic products like fuels using only carbon dioxide, water and light. If this process could be harnessed it could dramatically reduce pollution, because the carbon you make your fuel with is the carbon dioxide from the air.
+ Phytoremediation: Conservation :: Sustainable technologies :: Environmental technology
  * A type of this is 'phytomining', which is a method of extraction. Some plants absorb copper compounds through their roots. They concentrate these compounds as a result of this. The plants can be burned to produce an ash that contains the copper compounds.
+ Plant, Roots
  * The roots of plants perform two main functions. First, they anchor the plant to the ground. Second, they absorb water and various nutrients dissolved in water from the soil. Plants use the water to make food. The water also provides the plant with support. Plants that lack water become very limp and their stems cannot support their leaves. Plants which specialise in desert areas are called xerophytes or phreatophytes, depending on the type of root growth.
  * Plants are grouped into floras based on region, period, special environment, or climate. Regions can be geographically distinct habitats like mountain vs. flatland. Floras can mean plant life of an historic era as in 'fossil flora'.
  * There are many different kinds of seeds. Some plants make a lot of seeds, some make only a few. Seeds are often hard and very small, but some are larger. The coconut is as big as a child's head, but it contains more than just a seed. When the seed is ready to develop, it needs water, air and warmth 'but not sunlight' to become a seedling.
+ Pollen: Flowers :: Plant anatomy
  * The pollen grains are actually haploid male gametophytes. This is to do with alternation of generations. All plants go through a cycle with a haploid gametophyte alternating with a diploid sporophyte. In the case of flowering plants the gametophyte stage is very small and brief.
+ Rainforest, Plants and animals
  * There are thousands of different kinds of orchids in the rainforest. Some air plants store water in pools in and around their roots. These pools can become homes for frogs and salamanders. Frogs usually need to lay their eggs in ponds, but some rainforest tree frogs lay their eggs in the pools in air plants. That way, the frogs never have to go down to the ground. Some plants are made for medicine for humans.
+ Respiration: Metabolism :: Cellular respiration
+ South Africa, Geography, Plants and wildlife: English-speaking countries
  * The most common biome in South Africa is the grassland, mostly on the Highveld. This is where grasses, low shrubs, and acacia trees, mostly camel-thorn and whitethorn are more common then plants. Plants become even more less common towards the northwest. This is because of low rainfall. There are many species of water-storing plants like aloes and euphorbias in the very hot and dry Namaqualand area. The grass and thorn savanna turns slowly into a bush savanna towards the north-east of the country, with more thick growth.
+ Starch: Carbohydrates :: Nutrition
  * Starch' is a complex carbohydrate. Pasta, potatoes, and other starchy foods are made out of carbohydrates. It is made of lots of sugars. Plants use it to keep energy.
  * Most plants grow in the ground, with stems above, and roots below. Water and some nutrients come from the roots. The evaporation of water from pores in the leaves pulls water through the plant. This is called transpiration.
+ Sun, In Astronomy: Stars :: Solar System
  * Almost all life on Earth depends on the light energy that comes from our Sun. Plants use solar energy as food so they can grow. This process is called photosynthesis, the green in the plant leaves is a pigment which is called chlorophyll.
+ Tree
  * Trees and shrubs take in water and carbon dioxide and give out oxygen with sunlight to form sugars. This is the opposite of what animals do in respiration. Plants also do some respiration using oxygen the way animals do. They need oxygen as well as carbon dioxide to live.
+ Tundra: Geography :: Biomes
  * The tundra ground is a barren place, often covered with rocks. Most water on the tundra is frozen within the soil. The permanent frozen soil is called permafrost. Permafrost and fierce winds prevent large trees from growing deep roots. Plants in the tundra are small and grow close to the ground. Plants called cushions grow in tight clumps in the tundra, but lichens are the dominant plants. Lichens cover the rocks. The few trees that do grow on the tundra are dwarf willows and birch.
+ Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, Ecology, Flora: National parks in Australia :: Protected areas of the Northern Territory :: Pitjantjatjara
  * The desert flora has adapted to the harsh conditions. The growth and reproduction of plant communities rely on irregular rainfall. Some plants are able to survive fire and some are dependent on it to reproduce. Plants are an important part of 'tjukurpa', and there are ceremonies for each of the major plant foods. Many plants are associated with ancestral beings. Collection of plant foods remains a culturally important activity, reinforcing traditional links with country and 'tjukurpa'.
+ Virus, Replication cycle: Viruses
  * This is often called viral entry. The infection of plant and fungal cells is different from that of animal cells. Plants have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, and fungi one of chitin. The damage done to cell walls would let the virus get in. Bacteria, like plants, have strong cell walls that a virus must breach to infect the cell.
+ Weed
  * Some plants are very hard to stop once they start growing. These are called invasive weeds.