### waters:

Stream
* All streams are sinuous at some time in their geologic history over some part of their length
  - small, fast and are filled with rocks and boulders of all sizes
  - carry sediment
* All streams flow into the sea, yet the sea is never full
  - to the sea because it is lower than they are
  - have currents
  - tend to move across a floodplain, cutting outside corners of stream bends
* Every stream leads to a river , and every river leads to an ocean.
* Many streams become faster flowing after heavy rains or the spring melting of winter ice and snow
  - exist in the mountains because of the large quantity of precipitation
  - follow seams between flows of different ages
* Many streams have dense beds of aquatic vegetation and other forms of cover
  - spring and fall runs
  - run almost entirely on sewage effluent during the dry season
  - tend to dry up during the hot summer
  - ultimately flow into bays or directly into the ocean
* Most streams are shallow enough that sunlight can reach the bottom.
* Most streams carry sediments
  - cause erosion
  - contain brook trouts
  - flow intermittently and are often dry in summer and in autumn except after rainstorms
* Most streams flow into rivers
* Most streams have a steeper gradient near their headwaters and a gentler gradient near their mouth
  - bottoms
  - native populations of brook trout
  - rocky bottoms
  - slippery rocks that are coated with algae
  - waves
  - hold water
  - originate from groundwater sources that come to the surface
  - possess fish
* Most streams provide water sources
  - transport the largest component of their sediment load in suspension
* Some streams carry carbon dioxide
  - cease flowing during drought
  - contain biomass
* Some streams flow all year long and are called perrenial
  - into lakes
* Some streams flow through bottoms
  - valley bottoms
  - underground through unconsolidated sediments or through caves
* Some streams have natural levees , mound-like deposits of sediment that border the stream channel
  - no surface flowing water
  - shades
* also carry a dissolved load.
* are a major source of water and transportation for the world's human population.
* are an essential part of all watershed systems
  - important source of freshwater for our reservoirs and the Bay
  - bodies of water
  - capable of carrying large amounts of sediment
  - courses
* are dynamic and vital components of several ecosystems
  - systems that change with every high or low flow event
  - important sources of drinking water, irrigation water and wildlife habitat
* are located in bridges
  - countrysides
  - forests
  - mud
  - wildernesses
  - wood
  - motion
* are often tea-colored from tannic acid leaching from tree leaves and bark in wooded swamps
  - victims of municipal and industrial pollution
* are places where data can be sent out of, or received into, a program
  - information can flow between a program and various devices
  - primary indicators of the health of the watershed within which they reside
  - rich in biodiversity
  - short and swift, and headwatered in glaciers
  - small and fordable by large animals
  - small, but some do contain fish
  - smaller and can converge to create rivers
  - sources of water for consumption, agriculture, and industry
* are swift and braided, and most are headwatered in glaciers
  - often originate from glaciers, and carry heavy sediment loads
* are the arteries of life in the arid Southwest
  - birthplace of major river systems
  - primary force of erosion and therefore do a lot of deposition of material
  - principal agent of erosion responsible for carving the landscape
  - three dimensional ecosystems
* are used for bathing
  - raftings
  - swimming
  - wash
  - watercourses formed when water flows between continuous definable channel boundaries
* become rivers running briskly, their milky waters laden with glacial sediment.
* bring water to irrigate crops and to supply our domestic needs.
* can carry sediment, or alluvium
  - either gain water from, or lose water to, the groundwater system
* carry dissolved iron from nearby mountains
  - sediment along with water
* carve through hard layers of rock , breaking down or eroding it.
* commonly flow through floodplain materials previously deposited by the stream itself
  - have shallow valleys and broad floodplains withmany sloughs and marshes
* construct flood plains that accommodate their maximum flood capacity.
* draining interior basins travel through narrow canyons across broad uplands
  - oceanic islands typically have relatively low insect diversity and abundance
* erode because they have the ability to pick up sediment and transport it to a new location
  - channels, produce arroyos, or dry gullies
* feed rivers.
* flow into reservoirs and reservoirs become our drinking water
  - through areas with different soils
  - to rivers and eventually to the ocean
* have a lot of energy at their headwaters
  - direct effects
  - endure power
  - inch minimum size limits
  - muddy water
* inhabited by the slimy sculpin are invariably good brook trout waters.
* join to form rivers.
* merge into rushing rivers and fill the oceans.
* naturally wind or meander.
* often begin in the mountains, and flow through valleys
  - freeze solid to their bottoms, causing floods to occur over the surrounding flats
  - run high and turbid in the spring
  - start in mountains, where the land is very steep
* overflow generally occurs during late winter or spring and during periods of high rainfall.
* produce a stream bed whose cross-section reflects the flow regime
  - many land forms
* provide habitats
  - suitable habitats
  - transportation routes, energy, and a means of disposal of wastes
* run into rivers.
* running into bogs are superficial, and they tend to disappear in the heat of summer.
* serve both as sources of water supply and avenues for the disposal of wastes.
* start out as freshwater springs or seeps.
* support such animals as muskrats, beaver, and amphibians.
* tend towards an equilibrium profile, that balance between sedimentation and erosion.
* typically are dry in the summer
  - derive most of their water from precipitation in the form of rain and snow
* usually contain a higher concentration of dissolved oxygen than do ponds.
* yield salmon and freshwater fish.
+ Ocean pollution, Sources of ocean pollution, Nonpoint-Source pollution: Water pollution
  * People often think that water pollution comes from big factories, but most of the pollution comes from everyday people doing everyday things. This kind of pollution is called 'nonpoint-source pollution' because we cannot point out where it came from directly. Every stream leads to a river, and every river leads to an ocean.
  * Some streams flow underground through unconsolidated sediments or through caves. Especially with caves, a stream may flow aboveground for part of its course, and underground for part of its course. When a stream emerges from an underground course, it is termed a spring.