### belief | doctrine | philosophical theory:

Existentialism
* also questions the relationship between philosophy and human existence.
* centres everything on the moment.
* chooses to look at issues that traditional philosophy ignored.
* covers a wide range of thinkers and it indeed has a group of atheist adherents.
* espouses commitment and authenticity.
* focuses on the experience and meaning of the person who is suffering the condition.
* identifies the inadequacy of natural science to give an account of personal selfhood.
* is hypermodernity, still depending on signs and symbols to validate their beliefs
  - metaphysical pornography
  - notoriously hard to define
* is the end result of the age of imperialism
  - most important modern philosophy, and it is essentially a negative one
  - philosophy that places emphasis on individual existence, freedom, and choice
  - third type of philosophy
  - very different from many other 'philosophies'
* leaves man without hope.
* philosophical movement that stresses individual existence
* philosophy dealing with man's aloneness in the universe
  - that is very different from other ways of thinking
* postulates man's existence as a free individual.
* reaction against both metaphysics and the essentialism of 'pure' phenomenology.
* stresses the importance of individual choice.
* way of thinking about human freedom.
+ Albert Camus: 1913 births :: 1960 deaths :: Accidental deaths in France :: Atheists :: French philosophers :: French novelists :: French playwrights :: Marxism :: Road accident deaths
  * Camus wrote novels and plays. Camus was born in Algeria, a country in North Africa. He had French parents. Camus was an existentialist philosopher. Existentialism is a philosophy that is very different from other ways of thinking. Camus won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957.
+ Jean-Paul Sartre, Sartre's life: 1905 births :: 1980 deaths :: Atheists :: Continental philosophers :: Disease-related deaths in France :: French novelists :: French philosophers :: French playwrights :: Marxism :: Writers from Paris
  * This story explains the way of thinking of existentialism. Existentialism is a way of thinking about human freedom.
+ Theatre, History, Plays from the 1900s

Mentalism
* is the art of mind reading.
* philosophical theory

Naive realism
* is the belief that people everywhere see the world in the same way
  - to be distinguished from modest realism
* philosophical theory

### belief | doctrine | philosophical theory | naturalism:

Methodological naturalism
* is the principle underlying all of modern science.
* way of acquiring knowledge.
+ Naturalism (philosophy), Method and science: Epistemology :: Philosophy of science
  * Methodological naturalism is the principle underlying all of modern science. Some philosophers extend this idea, so that it applies to all of philosophy as well. Science and philosophy, according to this view, are said to form a continuum. W.V. Quine, George Santayana, and other philosophers have advocated this view.

Nominalism
* believes that ideas are only names and have no practical application.
* is supposed to deal with the universe of discourse in moderation.
* variant of conceptualism.

Operationalism
* is found in other sciences.
+ Positivism, Operationalism, Examples: Philosophy :: Ethics
  * Operationalism is found in other sciences. In psychology, intelligence has often been the result of measurement by a standard IQ test.

Physicalism
* holds that consciousness is entirely physical.
* is the of being prejudice against people with disabilities.

### belief | doctrine | philosophical theory | physicalism:

Dialectical materialism
* differs from mechanical i.e. in the question of things and processes.
* is physicalism
* sees economic relations as a function of the level of productive forces.