### alteration | damage | deformation:

Strain
* Many strains can cause human infection.
* Most strains are capable of producing one or more enterotoxins
  - can grow on inorganic nitrogen agar and few can reduce nitrate
  - live in the intestines of healthy animals and humans and usually are harmless
  - remain sensitive to penicillin
* Some strains are capable of producing a group mycotoxins - in the aflatoxin group
  - especially prone to mold at high humidity
* Some strains can cause gastroenteritis
  - lead to cervical cancer
  - cause dangerous, even life-threatening, infections
  - develop traits that can be harmful to a host animal
  - have the ability to suppress some tumor activity
* Some strains produce both toxins and are of high toxicity
  - small amounts of gas from glucose
  - soluble pigment which appears white under ultraviolet light
  - raise cervical cancer risk
* accumulates in the Earth along faults by the movement of tectonic plates
  - earth along faults from the movement of tectonic plates
* are a stretch, rip or tear in the muscle or tendon
  - tear, or rupture of the fibers of muscle or tendons
  - families or breeding populations possessing the same common traits
* are injuries to tendons or muscles
  - the muscles
  - muscle injuries and occur between joints
  - tears or stretches in the muscle fibers or the tendons that connect muscles to bones
* happen to muscles, ligaments or tendons.
* increases airway smooth muscle contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in vitro.
* is diseases
  - effort
  - nervousness
* occur when a muscle is stretched or partially torn
  - our muscles and the ligaments of our joints are overworked or used incorrectly
  - the muscles and ligaments around a joint are overworked or used incorrectly
* refer to stretched or torn muscle or tendon tissue.
+ Strain (biology), Microbiology/Virology: Classical genetics
  * A strain is a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, that is to say a virus or bacterium or fungus. Properly speaking, Bacteria, Archaea and viruses do not have species, because they do not have eukaryote-type sexual reproduction. Even though, for historical reasons, common types such as 'Staphlococcus aureus' were given double names. Bacteria do exchange DNA, but they may exchange it between different kinds of bacteria, illustrating their considerable difference from eukaryotes. Strains are therefore an absolutely essential part of bacterial identification
  - Rodents
  * A mouse or a rat strain is a group of animals that is genetically uniform. Strains are used in laboratory experiments. Mouse strains can be inbred or genetically engineered, while rat strains are usually produced by inbreeding

### alteration | damage | deformation | strain:

Bacterial strain
* Some bacterial strains contain many plasmids and some contain none.
* can be resistant in their normal state to one or more specific antimicrobials.
* tend to develop resistance to antibiotics that are used frequently.

Diploid strain
* are useful for examining dominance relationships between alleles.
* have larger asexual spores because of the increase in nuclear volume.

Eye strain
* can also occur from heavy computer use
  - result from the close attention to stitching
* common computer user's discomfort.
* is common among workers who sit in front of screens all day long.
* major contributor to operator fatigue.

Lumbosacral strain
* refers to a strain of the ligaments between the lumbar spine and the sacrum.
* soft tissue injury which has shown evidence of resolution.

Mechanical strain
* induced by tubular flow affect the phenotype of proximal tubular cells.
* induces constitutive and regulated secretion in fetal lung cells.
* inhibits expression of osteoclast differentiation factor by murine stromal cells
  - repair of airway epithelium in vitro
* suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes.