Prokaryote
* All prokaryotes are unicellular organisms
  - can reproduce in the absence of any sex act
* Many prokaryotes are motile
  - symbiotic
* Many prokaryotes have long, whiplike appendages called flagella which aid in motility
  - pili
  - play vital roles in global nutrient cycles
* Most prokaryotes are bacteria and bacteria can do amazing things
  - but the group includes both the bacteria and the archaea
  - tiny single cells, but some can form larger, multi-celled structures
  - unicellular throughout their cell cycle
  - can reproduce at a phenomenal rate if conditions are favorable
* Most prokaryotes have a cell wall lying outside the plasma membrane
  - wall, though there are a few exceptions
  - circular chromosome with a single replication origin
  - cell membranes
  - plasma membranes
  - live in habitats
* Most prokaryotes reproduce asexually through binary fission
  - rapidly
* Some prokaryotes also carry smaller circles of DNA called plasmids
  - contain chlorophyll
  - diversify into using oxygen to metabolise organic molecules
  - do have internal compartments
  - have a much more complex structure than others
* Some prokaryotes have cell structures
  - walls
  - extra layers
* Some prokaryotes play crucial roles
  - produce methane
  - propel themselves by means of whip-like filaments called flagella
  - require water
  - thrive in environments that are inhospitable for most other living things.
  * Excluding viruses bacteria and archaea. The word 'prokaryote' describes a type of cell. They generally do not have a cell nucleus, nor cell organelles, however a small number of exceptions have been found. Prokaryotes are unicellular. Brock biology of microorganisms'
* a. have DNA regions.
* also have simpler stages of growth and development
  - lack other membrane-bound internal structures
* appear to be much simpler, are devoid of most organelles except for ribosomes.
* appear to have existed before the eukaryotes
  - fewer fundamental barriers to horizontal gene transfer
* are able to reproduce themselves with very high fidelity
  - almost always unicellular
  - amazingly diverse, but they are all single-cell organisms
  - at the foundation of life in both the ecological sense and the evolutionary sense
  - bacteria and cyanobacteria
  - cell that make up simpler organisms
* are cells that have a nucleus
  - lack a nucleus and they are usually free living
* are cells without a cell nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
  - cellular organisms lacking true nuccleus and nuclear membrane
  - divided into two broad categories of life called domains
  - either bacteria or archaea, most of which are the smallest of all organisms
  - essential in maintaining every aspect of the ecological balance of the living world
  - generally smaller than eukaryotes
  - important to humans and to the Earth because
  - indispensable links in the recycling of chemical elements in ecosystems
  - metabolically diverse organisms
* are much simpler in structure than eukaryotes
  - their organization than are eukaryotes
  - one-celled and often live in clusters or colonies
* are organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
* are organisms with cells that have no nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles
  - simple cell organelles, like bacteria
  - present everywhere
  - simpler, but larger than eukaryotes
* are smaller and simpler than eukaryotes
  - eukaryotic cells
  - still capable of performing many of the same types of functions as eukaryotes
  - the more basic of the two kinds of cells
* are the most common forms of life on earth
  - metabolically diverse organisms on Earth
* are the simplest living organism
  - of simple organisms
  - simplist and most abundant organisms on earth
* are the smallest cells
  - forms of life that can live independently
  - organisms but they have all of the characteristics of life
  - thought as one of the simplest forms of creatures on the earth today
  - unicellular organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus
* are usually microscopic and bacteria is an example of a prokaryote
  - much smaller than eukaryotic cells
  - small in size, therefore, have a large surface area to volume ratio
* are very simple cells
  - small cells that have no membrane around their nucleus nor any organelles
  - wherever there is life
* can be autotrophs or heterotrophs
  - undergo BOTH aerobic and anaerobic respiration
* contain much less DNA than eukaryotes and have circular chromosomes
  - only one type of RNA polymerase
* have a cell membrane that contains phospholipids
  - wall made up of peptidoglycan
  - cellular organization fundamentally different from that of eukaryotes
  - large array of abilities
  - outside their plasma membrane, usually to give strength and rigidity to the cell
  - prokaryotic cytoskeleton , albeit more primitive than that of the eukaryotes
* have a single, circular chromosome whereas eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes
  - simple circular double helical DNA molecule to store genetic information
* have an area roughly similar to a nucleus known as the nucleoid
  - outer plasma membrane and some also have a cell wall
  - fewer organelles
  - many unique metabolic capabilities
  - more sex than was previously realized and they do form species
* have no chromosomes
  - membrane-bound organelles, thus bacteria are prokaryotic organisms
  - nucleus, having a nuclear body instead
* have no true nuclei or internal compartmentalization
  - only one type of cell division - fission
  - rigid cell walls formed from protein like chains and sugars
  - smaller, simpler genomes than eukaryotes
  - the potential to reproduce quickly in a favorable environment
  - various sizes and shapes
* includes bacteria and blue green algae
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - sections
  - vacuoles
* incude both bacteria and archaea.
* is an organism
* just have a simple, circular DNA, with fewer proteins attached.
* lack cellular organelles
  - internal membrane bound compartments
  - introns, whereas eukaryotes contain introns
  - mitochondria and chloroplasts
  - most of the structures found in eukaryotes, including any membrane-bound organelle
  - nuclei and membrane-enclosed organelles
  - the ability to perform such modifications
  - nearly all environments on Earth
* make endospores, extremely durable cells that protect it from cold heat and desiccation.
* mean they have no nucleus in which they store genetic material.
* move by means of long, hair like structures called flagella.
* multiply by simple cell division, forming clones or exact copies of themselves.
* never have cytoskeletons.
* often live in rapidly changing environments.
* open a single replication bubble, while eukaryotes have multiple bubbles.
* play an important role in genetic engineering.
* provide several analogous examples.
* reproduce asexually and include the bacteria and blue-green algae
  - by a kind of cell division called binary fission
  - via binary fission, synthesizing DNA almost continuously
  - by division, and so all the descendents of a cell are identical
  - in a process called binary fission
* reproduce through a cell division process called binary fission
  - binary fission, a type of reproduction
* serve as vital links at several points in the cycle.
* show a wide variety of metabolic processes.
* simple cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
* tend to maintain their cell wall shape.
* typically divide by meiosis.
* typically have a single chromosome consisting of a circular DNA molecule
* use binary fission or conjugation to reproduce asexually
  - transcriptional and translational-level control
* utilise two-component regulatory systems in the detection of environmental signals.