### substance:

Mineral
* ARE conductors of electricity.
* All minerals are a natural formation of the earth
  - anhydrous and the texture is granoblastic
  - anisotropic , meaning their hardness varies in different directions
  - crystalline solids
  - elemental or elements when looked at and analyzed individually
  - rare forms and are limited in quantity
  - belong to a chemical group
  - break when put under stress, some easier than others
  - can be toxic in dose that are too high
* All minerals have a characteristic streak
  - crystal form
  - the ability to reflect light
  - support bone, so take one that has all the necessary requirements for solid bone
  - used in nutrient manufacture are basically dirt
* Any mineral can be an electrolyte.
* Define a mineral.
* Every mineral contains one or more of the many naturally occurring chemical elements.
* Every mineral has a crucial role to play in the human anatomy
  - particular specific gravity, or density
  - specific arrangement of atoms, or structure, unique to that mineral
  - unique crystal form
* Help the vital organs function properly, regulate water balance.
* Many minerals also require other minerals to be utilized fully in the body
  - are capable of forming solid crystalline deposits
* Many minerals are essential for proper heart functioning
  - nutrients
  - famous for their elemental structure due to an important element or compound
  - found in small quantities, but little is worked save salt and building stone
  - important in modern industry, health and political activities
  - present in the body as electrolytes
* Many minerals come from the ocean
  - in a great diversity of colors, and many different minerals have similar colors
* Many minerals contain radioactive isotopes
  - sulfur ions
  - contains small quantities of radioactive elements
* Many minerals exist as ions attached to clay particles, which have a net negative charge
  - sulfides in ores, e.g. copper sulfide, iron sulfide
  - form crystals that are too small to see under the microscope
  - found in nature are naturally magnetic
* Many minerals have a distinctive color, however, many minerals can occur in several colors
  - tendency to break or split along preferred lines, known as cleavage
  - economic value
  - names with interesting histories
  - no cleavage, and so break in an irregular pattern
  - incorporate water into their crystalline matrices
  - vary in composition, but the variation is within definite limits
* Most minerals are compounds, which means that they are combinations of elements
  - easy to obtain in quantities required by the body
  - extracted from solutes in rain or surface water flow
  - salts of weak acids and strong bases
  - break along a certain plane
  - come from plants
* Most minerals contain atoms
  - bonds
  - irons
  - metallic bonds
  - more than one element
  - other elements
  - silicon atoms
  - sulfur atoms
  - display some variability in composition
  - dissolve in water
  - find in earth
  - fluoresce a single color
  - form components
* Most minerals have a characteristic geometric shape
  - crystalline structure
  - atomic structures
  - characteristics
  - chemical compositions
  - metallic components
* Most minerals have orderly atomic structures
  - physical properties
  - same chemical compositions
  - specific chemical compositions
  - unique properties
  - values
  - improve quality
* Most minerals make components
  - up structures
  - occur as crystals when conditions are suitable
* Most minerals occur in abundances
  - great abundances
  - naturally as crystals
  - with other minerals
  - produce effects
  - provide nutrients
  - reflect visible and infrared light in unique ways
  - serve different functions
  - show an uneven fracture
  - undergo oxidation
  - work as enzyme helpers during metabolism
* Some minerals absorb ultraviolet light and then release lower energy visible light
  - actually enhance the absorption of other minerals
* Some minerals affect growth
  - kids
  - newborn kids
* Some minerals are absorbed much more readily in the ionic forms found in such sources
  - an essential part of one's diet while others have an undetermined function
  - colorless
  - elements by themselves
  - essential industrial resources
  - fluorescent
  - important elements in our structural material
  - in too course a form to be used by the body
  - known to exhibit multiple colors of fluorescence in a single specimen
* Some minerals are more ductile than others
  - susceptible to chemical weathering than others
  - sensitive to light, dampness and heat so look each one up
  - tested by taste
* Some minerals are valuable enough to be mined
  - for the useful elements they contain
  - very important for hair growth
  - assist in the body's chemical reactions and others help form body structures
* Some minerals break easily into flat surfaces, like calcite
  - only in one direction
* Some minerals can be both crystalline and amorphous
  - have slightly different compositions within a specific range
* Some minerals cause bone deformities
  - damage
  - cleave perfectly in one direction and poorly in others
  - completely dissolve in water
* Some minerals consist of ore
  - quartz
* Some minerals contain beryllium
  - calcium
  - chemical compounds
  - chlorine
  - complex compounds
* Some minerals contain element chlorine
  - fluorine
  - fibre
  - mercury
* Some minerals contain more complex chemical compounds
  - oxygen
  - parallel fibre
  - proteins
  - uranium
  - zinc
  - continue to glow when the light is turned off, a condition called phosphorescence
  - develop an electrical charge when heated, others when cooled
* Some minerals find in flavor water
  - granite
  - himalayan salt
  - form a metal bead after being flamed, others give off fumes, and a few volatilize
  - give off a very shiny appearance, while others appear very dull
* Some minerals have a fixed chemical composition, while others are a series of related compounds
  - single color that is characteristic of that mineral
* Some minerals have a tendency to oxidize or corrode
  - split or crack along parallel or flat planes
  - unique texture, odor, or taste
  - common uses as drugs
  - enzymes
  - levels
  - luster
  - metallic luster
* Some minerals have more than one common name
  - direction of cleavage
* Some minerals have same chemistry but different lattices - polymorphs
  - samples from several locations around the globe
* Some minerals have specific characteristics
* Some minerals help bones
  - insulin
  - including selenium and zinc also have an important role in antioxidant enzymes
  - kill plants
* Some minerals lead to diseases
  - illnesses
  - serious illnesses
  - look 'dull' in luster, and some look 'shiny', for example
* Some minerals make up bones
  - exoskeletons
  - occur in varieties with density ranges rather than a precise value
  - pass through fields
  - react when they are placed within a magnetic field
  - share a molecular structure but have different chemistry
  - show magnetism
  - stimulate excretion
  - undergo color changes when put under intense heat
  - work together well and some minerals prevent absorption of other minerals
* Understand what a mineral is, and know the definition of a mineral.
* abound with vibrant pigment colors.
* absorb and emit thermal infrared radiation
  - best with food
* account for half of Botswana's revenue, with diamonds comprising the bulk.
* act as Co-enzymes, amongst other functions, aiding body enzyme activity
  - enzyme activators and vitamins act as coenzymes
  - vital food for the body's cells
  - both individually and synergistically to perform hundreds of tasks in the human body
* actually make possible the manufacture of almost every product bought and sold today.
* allow the body to build some structures and help trigger some bodily reactions.
* also act as helpers in delivering nutrients and aiding in certain functions in the body
  - break without cleavage or across cleavage planes
  - can damage hot water heaters and make laundry detergents less effective
  - function as coenzymes
  - participate in antioxidation
  - play a role in exercise
* also play an important role in maintaining vital body functions
  - the athletes performance
  - serve as excellent geologic time indicators for studying Earth's history
* are a function of remote miners and population
  - fundamental component to the U.S. economy
  - group of compounds that allow for endurance in an athletic competition
  - non-renewable resource found in rocks, soil, or in the ocean water
  - strong natural antihistamine
  - vitally needed element in the treatment of diabetics
* are absolutely necessary to sustain good health and life itself
  - vital to making the structure of bones firm
* are also a source of food such as silicic acid, nitrate and phosphate
  - essential components of respiratory pigments, enzymes, and enzyme systems
* are also important for healthy plant growth
  - in the production of hormones
  - micronutrients, but they come from inorganic matter, primarily the earth
  - more easily depleted during hot summer months
  - necessary for the utilisation of vitamins
  - nutritionally essential
  - always solid, with a definite volume and shape
  - an essential component in the diet of all animals
* are an important and often overlooked aspect of daily nutrition
  - source of raw materials for many of our modern day needs
  - integral part of daily life
  - another important dietary factor
  - any substance with all of four specific qualities
  - as valuable to our overall health and well-being as vitamins
  - basic elements of the earth and universe
  - beautiful to look at
* are chemical compounds composed of atoms of various elements
  - or elements found naturally in the crust of the earth
  - that occur in the Earth's crust
  - compounds, and as such they can be described by fixed or a variable formula
  - elements that are essential for life
* are classified by variety, species, series and group, in order of increasing generality
  - on the basis of their chemical composition
  - complicated because there are so many and it is possible to overdose
* are components of growth and milk production, as well as several life sustaining processes
  - many body parts
  - composed of chemical elements
  - concentrated in bone as calcium and phosphorus
  - constituents of the bones, teeth, soft tissue, muscle, blood, and nerve cells
  - contained in the bones and to a lesser degree in the body tissues
* are crystalline materials made of elements or groups of elements
  - different from rocks
  - distinguished by various chemical and physical properties
  - easily visible and identifiable by eye or with a hand lens
  - either the source of, or are essential in the production of, all manufactured goods
* are elements and compounds
  - remaining after a food is burned completely to ash
  - especially important in aiding effectiveness of specific vitamins
* are essential for all living things
  - life and health
  - the prevention of muscle cramps
  - parts of all cells
* are essential to the body's function
  - growth and vitality of the human body
  - essentially pure chemical compounds
  - formed by natural processes
  - found in highest concentrations in the germ and outer layers of the grains
  - generally trace elements, salts, or ions such as copper and iron
  - good for strong bones and teeth as well as healthy blood and tissue
  - homogeneous, naturally occurring, inorganic solids
  - identified by their color, luster, hardness, streak, and cleavage
* are important for good health
  - healthy joint function
  - lots of reasons
  - resource for every community
* are important to many parts of the body
  - neutralize the effects of acidity in the body fluids
* are in a less bioavailable form in their diet
  - every cell of the body and are vital to overall mental and physical well being
  - lots of foods but are especially in fresh fruit and vegetables
  - indestructible
  - ingredients of which rocks are made
* are inorganic and originally enter the biosphere primarily through plants
  - compounds that are required for certain metabolic processes
* are inorganic elements found in the body and food
  - necessary in the diet for normal body functions
  - that are found in both living and non-living things
  - materials forming naturally in the earth
* are inorganic molecules that are part of the earth
  - nutrients that are needed in relatively small quantities by the horse
* are inorganic substances essential for a host of vital processes within the body
  - that also perform important functions
  - which means that they exist in their simplest form
  - just as important to bodily functions as vitamins are
* are located in earth
  - multivitamins
  - made by natural processes
  - materials that after millions of years take their most stable form
  - measured as ash and are grouped as major or macrominerals and minor or trace elements
  - metals and other inorganic compounds that work much like vitamins
* are more stable than vitamins
  - yang than say, sugar or fruits
* are natural building blocks to our structure and are critical in many enzymatic reactions
  - compounds formed through geological processes
  - inorganic solid materials of the Earth arranged in a crystalline structure
  - materials found in the earth
  - solids formed through many geological processes under high pressures
* are natural substances found in the Earth
  - earth's crust
  - natural, nonliving solid crystals that make up rocks
  - naturally-occurring inorganic solid with an orderly arrangement of atoms
* are necessary for all body systems to perform properly
  - proper muscle function and many other biological reactions in the body
  - the vitamins to function
  - in very small amounts for the body to function properly
  - needed for all units and buildings, and come as blue crystals from the ground
  - neither animal nor vegetable
  - non-organic
  - nonrenewable resources that are often mined from the environment
  - nutrients that exist in the body and in organic and inorganic combinations
  - of lower rank than plants
  - part of nature too
  - plant derived
  - quite stable during cooking
  - required for maintenance and function of the skeleton , nerves , and muscles
  - rigid
  - similar, though a yellow tomato is higher in sodium
  - so important to our health
  - solids that are formed naturally through inorganic processes
  - some of the most important nutrients the body needs, yet mineral deficiency is common
  - subject to availability and rare species are often out of stock
* are substances found in soil
  - that are formed naturally in the Earth
* are the basic building blocks of all rocks
  - all things, both living and non-living
  - geological materials
  - components that make up the Earth's crust
* are the building blocks for bone and muscle
  - rocks and soils
* are the building blocks of rocks, and rocks are the building blocks of the Earth's crust
  - constituents of rocks, sediments, and soils
* are the cornerstone of good health, all prevention and recovery programs
  - as well as all prevention and recovery programs
  - country's principle export
  - electromagnetic means of communication between the soil and the plant kingdom
  - fundamental unit for understanding rocks
  - key to unlock the mysterious healing powers of the Dead Sea
  - most permanent part of living things
  - things that make rocks
  - typically very difficult for the body to absorb
  - uraninite and pitchblende
* are used for geologies
  - very essential to the proper functioning of a body
  - virtually indestructible
* are vital for absorption of food particles through the intestinal tract
  - clearing up catarrh and congestion of the sinuses
  - maintaining sexuality and libido
  - many functions of the body to take place
  - preventing varicose veins and spider veins on the legs and thighs
  - reducing a double chin
  - sleep regulation
* are vital for the creation of various enzymes found in our bodies
  - generation of hydroelectric energy in cells in the body
  - prevention of gout and gouty arthritis
  - to human life
* are what give rocks their color, shape, and hardness
  - vegetables the richness of their taste
  - rocks are composed of
  - widespread in Alaska
* based oils break down in the presence of water
  - pigments have larger pigment sizes and lower tinting strengths than modern colors
* become increasingly locked up in biotic components.
* bind together for several reasons like electrical charge and shared electrons.
* buried in the earth are at elevated temperatures.
* can affect one another and their ability to absorb a given mineral
  - also have two, three, four or six cleavage planes
  - appear glassy, pearly, dull, metallic, etc
  - be difficult for the body to properly absorb
* can be either chemical elements or chemical compounds
  - packaged organic or inorganic
  - compete with others for absorption and reduce bioavailability
  - dissolve in water like halite and calcite
* can have one cleavage direction, meaning they only break along one plane
  - structural roles in the body
  - help control activities of cells and organs
* carried by drippings that reach the ground can build up into spires.
* coalesce or change crystal structure.
* combine to become the rocks that make up our planet
  - form rocks like granite, basalt, and sandstone
  - with each other to form rocks
* commercially produced on the national forests include nickel, cobalt, copper and uraniu.
* composed of molecules containing varying amounts of silicon and oxygen are silicates.
* consist of lifeless materials.
* containing niobium usually contain tantalum as well.
* control the body's ability to absorb, and use vitamins.
* cover highly diverse groups of materials.
* create an enzyme necessary for vitamins to function.
* crystallise inside the mould and a cast is formed.
* crystallize out at different temperatures.
* distinguish Native American pipestone sources.
* drop out of the river when the flow slows.
* enhance ability.
* eventually replace the organic parts of the plant or animal until it is formed into stone.
* exert most or all of their biological effects while in the chelated state.
* exist in abundance on large areas of the deep seafloor.
* fall into one of the six basic crystal systems.
* form as hot magma cools inside Earth., or as lava hardens on the surface
  - crystals with specific shapes when they have been able to grow without obstruction
  - from solutions, melts and vapors
* form in and on the Earth in a variety of ways
  - igneous rock as magma or lava cools
  - many ways
* fracture along planes of weak atomic bonds in their structures.
* function in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
* give the body skeletal structures and serves in all body functions.
* has directional hardness.
* have atomic structures
  - crystal structures
* have definite chemical composition or range of compositions
  - compositions and physical properties
* have different densities
  - pH levels at which they can be assimilated into the body
  - physical properties, such as hardness, color, and texture
  - properties such as color, scratchability, and luster
  - electrical charges attached to their smallest components, called ions
  - important control functions
  - many and varied uses
  - one plane of cleavage
* have several different ways of being identified
  - getting into the soil
* have specific chemical compositions, with a characteristic chemical structure
  - the same characteristics, no matter where on the earth they are found
  - two functions
* have unique physical properties and are pure substances
* help activate enzymes for optimal effect
  - in many specific ways
* help maintain acid-base balance, to keep our body pH neutral
  - fluid levels in the body
  - regulate body processes, such as in enzyme systems
  - release energy from food
  - send nerve messages, carry oxygen to cells, and are important for muscle contraction
  - to balance blood sugar
  - transport nutrients into cells
* include calcium
* is long and fibrous
  - the lightest, with a fresh, ethereal quality that borders on translucence
* keep the body pH balanced - alkaline instead of acid.
  - different rocks look different
* make up structures
  - the remaining weight along with other nutrients
* mostly fill amygdules, or are found in veins and along faults.
  - amygdules, groundmass and veins of basalts
  - ratios to each other
  - naturally in food and are necessary for good health
* often occur in beautiful crystal forms
  - geometrical forms bounded by plane surfaces
* play a key part in cell regulation
  - very important role in estrous cycle function and conception
* play an important role in dental care because they can make teeth harder than bones
  - water conditioning
  - key roles in many biochemical processes in the body
* predominate in plugs.
  - responses
* produced are stone, sand, and gravel
  - by plants, phytoliths provide a unique perspective on the archaeobotanical record
  - in Oklahoma include helium, gypsum, zinc, cement, coal, copper, and silver
  - the color to eyes, cheeks, lips, and nails
* regulate muscular and nervous tissue excitability, blood clotting, and normal heart rhythm.
* rise from hunger riddled tang of acids
  - up to coat the tar and creosote
* seep into the fossil replacing the organic matter and creating a replica in stone
  - through the organic matter is an object, filling it completely
* strengthen hair inside, lipids protect it outside.
* support the health of organs such as the heart.
* undergoing metamorphism remain solid or partially melt.
* usually have crystal structure and a hardness by chemicals
  - occur naturally in the ground and are made of non-organic substances
* wax free oil used for many years as a standard for refrigeration.
* work in combination with vitamins and affect vitamin uptake and absorption.
+ Copper(II) sulfate, Occurrence: Sulfur compounds :: Copper compounds
  * Chalcanthite is easily dissolved. It is only found in dry areas. When it is in air, it loses its bright blue color. Some minerals are tested by taste. Chalcanthite has a sweet metal taste. It should only be tasted carefully, as it is poisonous. Its Mohs hardness is 2.5. It is the pentahydrate of copper sulfate. It is blue or green.
+ Mineralogy: Geology
  * Mineralogy' is the study of minerals. Minerals are things that make rocks. There are many different types of minerals. Some are hard, like diamonds. Some are soft, like talc. Some are metal, like gold or silver. Minerals are put into special groups of minerals made of similar chemicals, or that have similar structures inside.
+ Minerals, Characteristics of minerals, Formed in nature
  * Minerals are formed by natural processes. A few substances with the same chemical composition as minerals can be produced by living creatures as part of their shells or bones. The shells of molluscs are composed of either calcite or aragonite, or both.
  * Minerals form in many ways. The mineral halite, which is used as table salt, forms when water evaporates in a hot, shallow part of the ocean, leaving behind the salt it contained. Many types of minerals are made when molten rock, or magma cools and turns into a solid. Talc, a mineral that can be used to make baby powder, forms deep in Earth as high pressure and temperature causes changes in solid rock
  - Minerals and rocks: Natural resources
  * Minerals are different from rocks. A mineral is a chemical compound with a given composition and a defined crystal structure. The Earth through time'. 8th ed, Wiley. A rock is a mixture of one or several minerals, in varying proportions
+ Nutrient, Substances that support metabolism: Ecology
  * Minerals are generally trace elements, salts, or ions such as copper and iron. These minerals are essential to human metabolism.
+ Solid, Kinds of solids, Minerals: States of matter
  * Minerals are natural solids formed through many geological processes under high pressures. To be thought as a true mineral, a substance must have a crystal structure with uniform physical things throughout. Minerals differ in composition from pure elements and simple salts to very complex silicates with thousands of known forms. Some minerals, like quartz, mica or feldspar are common, while others have been found in only a few places in the world.
+ StarCraft, Gameplay: 1998 video games :: Real-time strategy video games :: StarCraft
  * During a game, the player must use units to gather minerals and vespene gas. They must also build structures or units which provide 'supplies'. Each type of unit costs a certain amount of gas, minerals, and supplies. If the player does not have enough of a resource, he or she cannot build more units. Resources are gathered by worker units. Minerals are needed for all units and buildings, and come as blue crystals from the ground. Vespene gas is needed for stronger units and comes as a geyser with green smoke blowing out of it. A special building must be built on these geysers before worker units can gather the gas.
+ Sulfur, Occurrence and preparation: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals
  * Sulfur can be found in the earth near volcanoes. Many minerals contain sulfur ions. Coal contains sulfur ions which are released when it burns. Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are some sulfur compounds that are released when coal burns. They are reacted to make sulfur.