### animal | vertebrate | mammal | ungulate | deer:

Reindeer
* are a domesticated variety of caribou that are herded by humans and used for pulling sleds
  - adapted to live in the arctic by conserving body heat
  - built for staying warm in freezing temperatures
  - found in the Arctic and are seasonal breeders
  - genetically compatible to caribou and interbred freely
  - grazers, they eat grass
  - herbivores meaning they are plant eaters
  - herbivores, so they eat lichens
  - herd animals and live in groups
  - important for their survival
  - just domesticated caribou, and the animals themselves see no difference
  - large deer with antlers that live in the cold regions of Eurasia and North America
  - members of the deer-family
  - mobile, adaptable to new surroundings and prefer the freedom to keep moving
* are much less numerous than formerly
  - more sedentary than caribou
  - normally smaller than the caribou
  - numerous on both shores, both in summer and winter
  - semi-domesticated caribou
  - shorter and stouter
  - small, stocky, and stupid
  - strong runners and very good swimmers
* are the only deer species to have hair completely covering their nose
  - where both sexes have antlers
  - members of the deer family in which both males and females grow antlers
  - unique in that both males and females have antlers
  - vegetarians, feeding on grasses, mosses, leaves, and lichens
  - well suited for the Arctic cold
* eat mostly grass , but eat also almost any other plant.
* have a brownish colored coat that is light in the winter and dark in the summer
  - relationship with humans going back thousands of years
  - very wide hooves, a broad muzzle, and thick brown fur
* serve a traditional role in Alaska Native culture.
* tend to be lighter than the caribou of North America
  - group together when in danger
  - have a more robust body shape, with shorter legs and a flatter face
  - stay in more cohesive groups
+ Reindeer, Appearance: Deer :: Mammals of North America
  * The different reindeer subspecies have different sizes and slightly same fur colors. Male reindeer are usually bigger and heavier than the females. They weigh between 60 - 300 kilograms. Reindeer mostly have a grey-brown fur. The fur is dark in summer and becomes a lighter color in winter. Reindeer are the only deer where both sexes have antlers. The antlers of female reindeer are smaller than the antlers of males. Reindeer also have big feet, which helps them walk on soft ground
  * Reindeer eat mostly grass, but eat also almost any other plant. In winter they often eat Reindeer lichen, moss and fungi.
  * Reindeer are herd animals and live in groups. They live in groups of 10-100 reindeer, which are herds of only females or herds of only males. Reindeer go on long journeys between the warm and cold seasons. For this journeys the smaller groups form big herds of up to several 100,000 animals. Reindeer mate in October, and the males mate with as many females as possible

### animal | vertebrate | mammal | ungulate | deer | reindeer:

Female reindeer
* Most female reindeer reach maturity
  - reproductive maturity
* retain their antlers til after they give birth in the spring
  - till after they give birth in the spring
  - until after they give birth in the spring

### animal | vertebrate | mammal | ungulate | deer | reindeer:

Male reindeer
* are usually bigger and heavier than the females
  - solitary, while females tend to group themselves into herds
+ Reindeer, Appearance: Deer :: Mammals of North America
  * The different reindeer subspecies have different sizes and slightly same fur colors. Male reindeer are usually bigger and heavier than the females. They weigh between 60 - 300 kilograms. Reindeer mostly have a grey-brown fur. The fur is dark in summer and becomes a lighter color in winter. Reindeer are the only deer where both sexes have antlers. The antlers of female reindeer are smaller than the antlers of males.