### ampholyte:

Sodium bicarbonate
* Most sodium bicarbonate neutralizes acid.
* acts as a buffer against lactic acid.
* attenuates pain on skin infiltration with lidocaine, with or without epinephrine.
* can neutralize both acid and base spills
  - produce a cloudy solution when added to lidocaine
* causes potassium to shift from extracellular to intracellular fluids.
* commonly used buffering agent in cattle diets.
* dissolves in water.
* has a unique chemical property that attracts and absorbs odors.
* is administered intravenously to restore acid-base balance
  - also a very osmotically active solution
* is an ampholyte
  - old standby antacid
  - antacids
  - chemical compounds
  - converted into soda ash, which is used to make glass and detergent
  - effective in reversing some of the cardiotoxicity
* is given intravenously
  - to correct acidosis
  - indicated early to begin correction of acidosis
  - medicine
  - mildly basic
  - non-toxic and water soluble
  - powder
  - salt
  - stable under long-term storage conditions and is nontoxic and noncorrosive
  - white
* natural ingredient found in saliva.
* taken orally makes the urine less acidic and more alkaline.
* works synergistically with the other actives as an expectorant.

Anaerobe
* Many anaerobes are common soil bacteria while many others make up part of the normal flora.
* are also resistant
  - extremely important in intra-abdominal infections
  - intrinsically resistant to aminoglycosides
  - organisms
* can exist as eukaryotes or as prokaryotes, but they are never multicellular.
* get oxygen from the decomposition of compounds that contain it.
* grow only beneath the surface of foods or inside containers.
* infrequently produce meningitis, but are a common cause of brain abscesses.
* is an organism
* play an important role in chorioamnionitis.
* predict post-cesarean section complications.
* thrive in soil, marine sediments, and other low-oxygen environments.
* usually outnumber aerobes and facultative anaerobes.

### anaerobe:

Facultative anaerobe
* can grow in either the presence or absence of oxygen
  - tolerate occasional intrusions of oxygen rich air
* consume oxygen, create anaerobic microenvironment fit for obligate anaerobes.
* grow well with or without oxygen.
* utilize oxygen and aerobic respiration whenever possible.

Strict anaerobe
* Many strict anaerobes perform fermentation reactions.
* are capable of only anaerobic metabolism.
* grow at the bottom of the shake, where the environment is the most anaerobic.

### anaerobic bacteriums:

Clostridium
* Clostridia are able to ferment a wide variety of organic compounds
  - obligate anaerobic rods that form endospores and produce powerful exotoxins
  - belong to the avant-garde of biotechnologically important microbes
* are anaerobic bacteriums
  - species

Anaerobic organism
* Most anaerobic organisms are bacteria or archaeans.
* are essential to life
  - rare because of the high oxygen tension of ascitic fluid
* can grow without the presence of oxygen.
* cause septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.

### anaerobic organisms:

Anaerobic bacterium
* Anaerobic bacteria cause infection.
* Anaerobic bacteria produce substances
  - toxic substances
  - use oxygen
* are anaerobic organisms