### cell | phagocyte:

Macrophage
* Many macrophages surround the giant cells and are called epitheliod cells.
* Some macrophages are in the alveolar spaces
  - contain myelin debris
* a. are white blood cells.
* also play a key part in alerting the rest of the immune system of invaders
  - an important anti-inflammatory role
* also produce a number of interleukins, interferons and colony-stimulating factors
  - cytokines
  - swim freely
* are a key component in the physical demyelination process
  - major source of cytokines
* are a type of lymphocyte
  - able to phagocytose bacteria and cell debris
* are also antigen-presenting cells
  - mononuclear cells, but ones quite different than lymphocytes
  - numerous within the medulla
  - amoeba-like cells that engulf bacteria and foreign matter
  - another component of the immune system which relies on glutathione
* are cells produced in the bone marrow
  - that engulf foreign invaders
  - characteristically present
  - easiest to see when they have devoured pigment, such as carbon
  - essential for wound healing
  - facilitated by opsonins , which label debris for removal
  - frequently the first line of immune defense against infection
  - important in the regulation of immune responses
* are large cells that surround and digest foreign substances in the body
  - phagocytic leukocytes
  - scavenger white blood cells
  - largfe, specialized cells that recognize, engulf and destroy target cells
  - less specific
  - leucocytes
  - like garbage collectors
  - long-lived cells, and can divide at the site of inflammation
  - mobile cells that eat up toxins in the airways and lungs
  - more efficient and multi-purposed than neutrophils
  - one cell type under investigation
* are part of the body defences
  - dissolving and rebuilding process
* are phagocytic amoeboid cells that function in immune defense of the body
  - present in all stages of atherogenesis
  - professional scavengers that assist in 'devoring rubbish'
  - resident phagocytic cells in connective tissues
  - responsible for protecting tissues from foreign substances
  - sentinel cells of the innate immune response
* are the cleanup crew for the innate immune system
  - first to arrive at regions of inflammation
* are the major antigen processing cells others include B-lymphocytes
  - source of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the porcine corpus luteum
  - most common APCs
  - terminally differentiated derivative of the peripheral blood monocyte
  - usually in the resting state unless activated during an immune response
  - versatile cells that play many roles
  - very efficient phagocytes and present in all parts of the body
  - vitally important components of the immune system's mechanism
* are white blood cells and they exist everywhere in the body
  - in animals
  - with a number of important functions
* begin to fuse with and inject toxins into the cancer cell.
* can also present processed antigen to B cells to elicit a humoral response
  - swallow and destroy old and dying cells, bacteria, or viruses
  - be cytotoxic and participate in antitumor and antiviral mechanisms
  - become so overcome with the bacteria that they start to die and a granuloma forms
  - engulf and consume foreign proteins that enter the body
  - proliferate within the tissue when needed
  - sustain chronic production of small amounts of virus
* carry the virus to the brain.
* clean up debris and bacteria.
* come from the bone marrow
  - in to clean up dead tissue
* complete the process by stripping the myelin sheath directly off the nerves.
* consume foreign substances, such as bacteria, by phagocytosis.
* contain granular to rod shaped material.
* containing digested myelin are a prominent pathologic feature.
* contribute to tumor growth and progression.
* destroy bacteria and other foreign matter.
* destroys infectious cells, remove debris and toxins.
* develop from bone marrow precursors which mature and enter the bloodstream as monocytes
  - monocytes to become cheif phagocytic cells
* display specific markers from the invading organisms on their surface known as antigens.
* eat everything non-specifically.
* engulf and eliminate foreign materials through the process of phagocytosis
  - many foreign agents and do so repeatedly with a big appetite
  - the lens proteins, become bloated, and block trabecular outflow
* exhibit phagocytosis and killing.
* express osteopontin during repair of myocardial necrosis.
* function best in a basic pH with low oxygen tension.
* fuse into large cells and with lymphocytes infiltrate infected tissues in large numbers.
* have a key role in the initiation of inflammatory response
  - great phagocytosis ability
* induce apoptosis in normal cells in vivo.
* infiltrate common in area of white matter destruction.
* kill cells by engulfing the ones presenting the appropriate antigen.
* literally remove the tissue.
* move with amoeboid movements using pseudopods.
* occur in both cortex and medulla.
* participate in many aspects of host defense, inflammation, and immunity.
* perform basically the same functions as monocytes.
* phagocytose degraded myelin and axons
  - pollution, bacteria, and viruses
* predominate in atherosclerotic lesions
* protect against infection by several mechanisms, one of which is killing bacteria.
* remain in the tissues
  - prime suspects for the cells on which mAb acts
* remove bacteria and other foreign matter as well as debris
  - damaged myelin
* represent the first line of defence against invading microorganisms.
* reside on the protein fibers of the network.
* search, identify, and engulf nonself intruders, including newly mutated cancer cells.
* secrete assorted biochemicals that affect the behavior of the surrounding cells
  - cytokines when activated
  - or produce several factors that induce mitoses of capillary endothelium
* start out as white blood cells called monocytes
  - to decrease c
* stimulate bone resorption when they phagocytose particles around implants.
* surround and digest antigens.
* take a principal role in stripping and phagocytosis of myelin from intact axons.
* use different internalization mechanisms to clear apoptotic and necrotic cells.
* wander throughout the body.
+ Innate immune system, Cells of the innate immune response, Phagocytes, Macrophages
  * Macrophages are large phagocytic leukocytes. They can move across the cell membrane of capillary vessels and go between cells to hunt invading pathogens. Macrophages are the most efficient phagocytes, and can phagocytose substantial numbers of bacteria or other cells or microbes.
+ Monocyte, Physiology: Immunology :: Blood cells
  * Monocytes which migrate from the bloodstream to the tissues will then differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells, which then stay in the tissue. Macrophages are responsible for protecting tissues from foreign substances. They are cells that possess a large smooth nucleus, a large area of cytoplasm and many internal vesicles for processing foreign material.