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Vaccine
* All vaccines contain small amounts of material other than the virus or bacteria
  - depress immunity
* Any vaccine can cause side effects in some people.
* Many vaccines are one-time injections into a muscle.
* Many vaccines consist of disease-causing bacteria or viruses that have been killed
  - viral surface proteins that provoke an antibody response
* Many vaccines contain live viruses
  - mercury as a preservative
* Many vaccines require boosters and most immunity results after the second injection
  - more than one dose to provide full immunity
  - multiple doses to achieve full immunity
* Most vaccines are administered to children
  - only effective before the exposure to the germ
  - begin to provide immunity about two weeks after they are administered
  - consist of proteins
* Most vaccines contain a weakened or dead disease germ
  - components
  - create immunity
  - don t cause the diseases that are usually caused by viruses and bacteria
* Most vaccines induce immune responses
  - maintain immunity
  - make immunity
  - preferentially induce the formation of antibodies rather than cell-mediated immunity
* Most vaccines prevent disease all together
  - by introducing materials that trigger antibody formation
  - infection
  - primary infection
  - probably work through a combination of antibodies and cellular immunity
* Most vaccines produce antibodies
* Most vaccines protect individuals
* Most vaccines require adjuvants to provoke effective and protective immune responses
  - booster doses at yearly intervals
  - work by preventing disease
* Some vaccines are administered to adults
  - effective by mouth, but most have to be given parenterally
  - extremely sensitive to temperature variations
  - given by drops into the nose rather than by injection
  - synthetic vaccines that are made in a laboratory
* Some vaccines cause diseases
  - illnesses
  - combine two strains of the same species
* Some vaccines contain formaldehyde which is potentially a cancer-causing agent
  - gelatin
  - leptospiras
  - destroy immunoglobulin-regulatory cells that are produced by the thymus
  - have mercury
  - only protect against a specific subtype
  - produce enough antibodies in only one dose
* Some vaccines protect against infection as well
  - dogs
  - domestic rabbits
  - koalas
  - provide lifelong protection
* Some vaccines require boostering to produce the maximum antibodies and give adequate protection
  - boosters at specific time intervals following the initial vaccination
  - more than one dose for adequate protection
* Some vaccines take long time to develop
  - six weeks to become highly effective
  - up to four weeks to become effective
* add to the immune system to fight a specific disease or infection.
* also help prevent the spread of viral diseases.
* also help protect against biological weapons like anthrax
  - such biological weapons likeas anthrax
  - seem to have fewer side effects than interleukin and interferon
  - stress the immunesystem
* always induce life-long immune responses.
* are a safe, easy and cost effective way to prevent disease
  - very important part of reducing risk
  - vital part of proper program of preventative care
* are among the safest medicines available
  - very safest tools of modern medicine
* are an essential tool for reducing infectious diseases
  - example of drugs which effect memory cells
* are an important part of the defense against biological warfare agents
  - weapon against that spread
* are another common cause of allergies
  - powerful way to control both bacterial and viral infections
  - as safe today as modern science can achieve
  - available commercially for the immunization of pregnant gilts, sows, and nursing pigs
* are available for humans and animals in some countries
  - many infectious diseases
  - organisms that cause certain types of meningitis
  - the prevention of several significant human diseases
  - to prevent tick-borne disease in dogs
  - based in scientific fact, and are safe and effective
  - biological drugs
  - commonplace in developed countries, thanks mostly to government regulations
  - drugs with potential serious adverse reactions
  - drugs, and pharmacists are responsible for drugs
  - effective for the control of epidemics
* are essential in the management of any infectious disease
  - to protect humans and animals from microbial diseases
  - fragile, perishable biologicals
  - heat sensitive
  - indispensable in fighting feline infectious disease
  - inoculations
  - likely to play an increasingly important role in health care
  - liquids
  - necessary for children to grow up healthy and strong
* are one of few ways to prevent infectious disease outbreaks
  - medicine's proudest achievements, and they have stood the test of time
  - the great success stories of modern medicine
* are one of the greatest achievements in the history of preventive medicine
  - developments of modern medicine
* are one of the most cost-effective tools in preventing disease and death
  - far-reaching and effective technologies of our time
* are perhaps the biggest success story of public health
  - most simple and effective way of preventing diseases
  - prepared from viral components or modified viruses no longer capable of reproducing
  - probably responsible for saving more lives than anything else
  - produced to prevent serious viral infections
  - pseudo-antigens which prime the immune system
  - serious drugs with serious damage reactions
  - some of the safest medicines around
  - specific for each animal
  - substances that provoke the body s disease-fighting response
* are the best way to protect against some serious infections
  - against some very serious infections
* are the most cost-effective medical intervention known to prevent death and disease
* are the most powerful tools to protect against disease
  - way to prevent infectious diseases like measles and polio
  - rational approach to pertussis control
* are the only available means of preventing pneumococcal disease
  - line of defense for humans exposed to the disease
  - substances that a government agency mandates a United States citizen receive
  - underpinning of our disease-prevention programs
  - weapons of choice
  - tools used to raise the resistance of an animal to an infectious agent
  - toxic
  - under development to reduce the amount introduced through eructation
  - very safe, and there are always safety checks going on to make sure they stay safe
* can and do save lives
  - be a useful tool to prevent disease
  - grant life-long immunity to a host of debilitating and potentially fatal diseases
  - offer immunity, and antibiotics are usually effective if administered promptly
* can prevent disease in humans as well as animals
  - distemper, but recovery once the disease is contracted is rare
  - illnesses that can be very serious for people with diabetes
  - many diseases
  - outbreaks of disease and save lives
  - polio, but only if a person has been immunized before exposure to the virus
  - sometimes cause permanent injury and death
* carry a small risk of serious harm, such as a severe allergic reaction.
* change every year.
* come in different forms and strengths
  - live or killed forms
  - two different forms, live and inactive
* contain a killed form of the virus, and appear to be safe and effective
  - alien substances that are dangerous to humans
  - small amounts of inactivated, disease-causing organisms
  - the antigens of dead or weakened pathogens
* contains antigens from the organism.
  - resistance to the diseases they cause
* do nothing but prevent the body from expressing a normal immune response to acute illness
  - predispose to cancer and leukaemia
* exist for some other mosquito-borne viruses, such as yellow fever virus.
* frequently require an adjuvant to stimulate a desired immune response.
* give the body time to prepare defenses against harmful invading germs.
* help build the natural resistance or immunity of the birds
  - prevent infectious diseases and save lives
  - the body produce antibodies
* hold great promise in the prevention of disease.
* increase an animal's immunity or resistance to a particular disease.
* is antigen
  - given intramuscularly in the deltoid region
  - the only way to prevent the disease
* look for specific patterns of virus code called a virus signature.
* lose potency within hours after mixing.
* lower mortality.
* offer benefits
  - protection without disease
* only cause minor side effects except in very rare cases.
* prevent countless deaths each year
  - diseases that can permanently injure children and adults
  - illness by stimulating the body s natural disease-fighting abilities
  - one from contracting a disease
* probably affect the risk of diabetes by modulating the immune system.
* produced in plants hold hope for inexpensive mass production and immunization by ingestion.
* prompt the body to produce antibodies, which block the development of infection.
* protect both vaccinated individuals and protect communities as well
  - children by helping prepare their bodies to fight deadly diseases
  - most people from disease
  - people from disease by stopping infections before they can wreak their havoc
* protect pets against common viruses and bacteria that cause disease
  - several viral and bacterial diseases
* provide protection
  - reasonable protection
* raise the animal's resistance against becoming infected.
* reduce likelihood.
* require careful storage and transport to the point of use to avoid harmful heat exposure.
* save countless lives every year
  - money on both direct and indirect costs of the disease
* sometime appear to fail to protect from disease.
* start protecting dogs and cats about a month after they get the shot.
* stimulate an animal s immune system
  - immune responses that help control infection after the host takes up an agent
* stimulate the immune system to be able to fight off various infections
  - white blood cells to produce antibodies that destroy the pathogens
* stop diseases by fooling the body.
* strengthen the immune system.
* tend to be strain-specific as well.
* varies each year and depends on virus strains likely to cause disease during the flu season.
* vary in the level of protection and the duration of protection
  - tremendously in efficacy
* work by helping each child's body fight the specific illness
  - stimulating the body's immune system
* work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies
* work in a variety of ways
  - part by prompting the body to generate antibodies
  - using the body's own immune system to fight infection
* work, in part, by inducing the production of antibodies that recognize invading organisms.
+ Vaccine, Types of vaccines: Infectious diseases :: Virology :: Immunization
  * A vaccine often contains something like a germ that has been weakened or killed or the germ's toxins. Some vaccines are synthetic vaccines that are made in a laboratory.