### pressure:

Blood pressure
* Blood Pressure See how a brass tube was used to determine blood pressure.
* Blood Pressure is divided into to values systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
  - measured in two numbers
* Blood Pressure is the force exerted against the bloods vessel walls when the heart pumps
  - pressure produced by the heart to pump blood around the body
* Most blood pressure drives movement.
* Most blood pressure has effects
  - negative effects
* Most blood pressure is caused by depletion
  - volume depletion
* Most blood pressure sustains blood pressure
* Some blood pressure affects maturation
  - causes water
  - contributes to death
* Some blood pressure induces further kidney damage
* Some blood pressure leads to cardiovascular diseases
  - disorder
  - heart diseases
  - occurs during dehydration
* Some blood pressure prevents diseases
* Some blood pressure provides drive forces
  - pushes proteins
  - results in kidney damage
* becomes dangerous when it's always high.
* can become too low, leading to dizziness or fainting.
* can drop and pulse become irregular
  - with every pound lost
  - increase during therapy with estrogens
* can rise for many reasons totally unrelated to pre-eclampsia
  - rapidly during pregnancy, resulting in toxemia or preeclampsia
* causes damage
  - water to move from blood to tissue
* changes during barium enema
  - external counterpulsation
  - the day
  - in the human body, either increased or decreased, involve complex mechanisms
  - throughout the day
* comes down, cholesterol and triglycerides are reduced and energy levels increase.
* decreases and the output of the heart increases
  - slightly during sleep and increases during exercise
  - with distance from left ventricle
* deflects a membrane, and produces a change in signal voltage.
* does fall during the middle of pregnancy in most women.
* drops and excrutiatingly painful body cramps and raging thirst are common
  - fluid builds up in the lungs, resulting in ineffective breathing
  - heart rate slows, and drainage of waste products slows also
  - the heart works less hard
  - dangerously low and fluid builds up in the lungs
  - with increasing distance from the left ventricle
* drops, and breathing passages swell.
* falls causing dizziness or fainting
  - once drinking is reduced
  - sharply, and blood flow slows in arterioles
  - within a range
* fluctuates constantly
  - off and on during the day, minute to minute, second to second
  - ordinarily for short periods each day
* goes up as a normal response to stress and physical activity
  - in all people during periods of stress or exercise
  - postsurgery, and music can lower blood pressure
  - up, cholesterol goes up, kidney function and lung function tends to decline
* has a dramatic effect on the rate at which the disease progresses
  - similar low frequency peak but much attenuated high frequency power
  - wide range of normal
* increases during puberty
  - the exercise but in the long run it decreases the blood pressure
  - naturally with age
  - progressively with age
  - rapidly and the body s metabolism goes into high gear
  - then abruptly falls when the person stands up
  - when blood volume increases and it lowers when blood volume lowers
* increases with age because the arteries loose elasticity
  - increasing weight, increasing intake of salt and alcohol
  - weight and decreases when weight is reduced
* increases, which can cause strokes or heart attacks.
* is actually a surrogate marker that can be measured in clinical trials
  - an excellent indicator of how hard the heart is working
* is categorized as normal, high normal, mild, moderate, severe, and very severe
  - optimal, normal, high normal and hypertensive
  - controlled with atenold and hydrochlorothiazide
* is determined by a number of factors with genetics playing a major role
  - with a device that can detect blood flow in arteries
* is expressed as a fraction
  - one number over another
  - two different numbers
  - fairly easy to measure
  - generally somewhat higher in birds than in mammals
  - governed by three main factors and there are medications that address each one
* is higher in arteries than in veins
  - it is in other blood vessels
  - men than in women and is generally higher in blacks than in whites
* is highest in the veins and lowest in the arteries
  - when the heart contracts and drives the blood into the arteries
  - highly variable
* is increased in vessels leaving the aorta above the coarctation
  - throughout all the arteries when the ventricles of the heart contract
* is low and falls further when a person is standing, producing lightheadedness
  - standing, causing dizziness or fainting
  - lower in late pregnancy and during sleep
  - lowered to about the same extent in both standing and supine positions
* is lowest in children and increases thereafter
* is maintained by a combination of several factors
  - several things
  - in arteries by the smooth muscle surrounding it
* is measured against the height of a column of mercury
  - along with heart activity
  - around the biceps
  - as two values
* is measured at regular intervals
  - two point, a high point and a low point
* is measured by a gauge that indicates systolic and diastolic pressure
  - sphygmomanometer, which is constructed on the following principle
* is measured by the juxtaglomerular apparatus
  - use of a blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope
* is measured by two numbers, which are written on top of each other
  - until it returns to normal
  - using two numbers
  - while the patient is active or relaxed, asleep or awake
* is measured with a device called a sphygmomanometer
  - that records two numbers
  - the patient supine and standing to rule out orthostatic hypotension
  - often high in the arms and low in the legs
* is one of the easiest health problems to control
  - most important factors for monitoring personal health and fitness
  - part of circulation
  - pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of any vessel
  - read as systolic over diastolic
  - really two measurements, systolic and diastolic
* is recorded as the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure
* is regulated by tiny arteries called arterioles
  - largely by the nervous system
  - related to thirst a
  - something that major risk factor for heart disease
  - strongest in the aorta, where the blood leaves the heart
  - taken by wrapping a cuff around the arm
* is the amount of force blood exerts against the walls of the arteries
  - exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries
  - pressure the circulating blood puts on the artery walls
* is the force created by the heart as it pumps blood through the body
  - heart to push the blood through the body
* is the force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries when the heart beats
  - on arterial walls when the heart moves blood through the body
* is the force of blood against artery walls
  - the blood vessel wall
  - the walls of the artery
  - as it moves through the blood vessels
* is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls
  - against the walls of the blood vessels
* is the force of the blood against the vessel walls
  - pushing against our artery walls
  - pushing against the artery walls
  - pushing against the walls of the arteries
  - flowing blood against the walls of the arteries
* is the force that moves blood throughout the body
  - the blood exerts on the walls of the arteries
  - the blood exerts on the arteries
* is the force with which blood presses against artery walls
  - the blood pushes against the walls of the arteries
  - forward thrust of the blood against the walls of the arteries in the body
  - hydrostatic force that blood exerts against a vessel wall
  - measure of force needed to push blood through the arteries
* is the measure of the force generated by the heart against the artery walls
  - of blood flowing against artery walls
  - of blood traveling through the circulatory system
* is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels
  - needed to circulate the blood through the body
  - result of two forces
* is very easy to measure in a doctor's office
  - variable, which means it can change for a number of reasons
* is written with the highest pressure first , followed by the lowest pressure
  - two numbers separated by a slash
* keeps blood and oxygen circulating.
* measure of how hard the heart is working to pump blood through the body
  - hydrostatic pressure of blood against inside of artery wall
  - the force of blood against the walls of the arteries
* measure of the force of the circulating blood against the artery walls
  - circulating blood against the walls of the arteries
  - that results from the heart's pumping action
  - push of blood against the walls of the arteries
* measured at the arm or wrist is different from the blood pressure at the heart.
* measures the force the blood causes as it flows through the blood vessels.
* needs to be controlled during pregnancy, to a reasonable level.
* provides a picture of the heart's health.
* raises gradually over several days with maximum effect at one to two weeks.
* remains stable as long as the patient remains on the diet.
* results from the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls
* rise to life- threatening level.
* rises and becomes irregular, and breathing rate increases
  - falls during a normal day
  - as vessels to unneeded parts of the body constrict
  - significantly with each cigarette
  - substantially above normal
  - temporarily each time a cigarette is smoked
  - to pump more blood to our muscles
  - while on a cocaine high
* rises with age and is much more common in the elderly
* soars, stress levels increase and ulcers can form if anger is managed poorly.
* stimulates secretion.
* tends to be lower in people who exercise
  - the evening and lowest during sleep
  - drop in pregnancy
  - increase with weight gain
  - rise with stress or exercise
* varies considerably during the course of an average day
  - during the day and from person to person
  - from day to day, and even within a given day
* varies from person to person, as well as from time to time in the same person
* varies with activities and time of day
  - age and sex of the individual
  - age, sex and physical state of a person
  - normal activities during the day
* vital sign
+ Hypertension: Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
  * This is the pressure in larger arteries delivering blood to body parts other than the lungs, for example the brachial artery in the arm. The blood pressure changes. Blood pressure is higher in arteries than it is in other blood vessels.