### energy:

Radiation dose
* are energy.
* better indicator of potential health effects than radioactivity concentration.
* is the radiant energy absorbed per unit mass.
* received by the mother can have enormous impact on the unborn fetus.

### energy | radiation:

Adaptive radiation
* can occur through a quite different mechanism.
* fundamental process in the evolution of biodiversity.
* is radiation.
* is the emergence of a number of lineages from a single ancestral species
  - evolution of many diversely adapted species from a common ancestor
  - process by which one species evolves into two or more species
  - when one species evolves into a new species to fill an available niche
* refers to groups of closely related species which evolved from a common ancestor.

### energy | radiation:

Alpha radiation
* carcinogen when breathed in or eaten.
* damages the DNA in living cells, causing cancerous and genetic mutations.
* emitted during the decay process presents the most significant risk to humans.
* has a far greater potential to damage living tissue than other types of radiation.
* is far more damaging per unit of energy deposited in living tissue
  - ionizing radiation
  - much more damaging for the same rads than gamma radiation
* is the least pentrating of the three
  - primary factor in the radiation health hazard associated with TRU waste
* requires no shielding.
* travel only extremely short distances in the body.
* type of energy released when certain radioactive elements decay or break down.
+ Carcinogen, Carcinogens in radiation: Cancer :: Toxicology
  * How much of a carcinogen a radiation is depends on the type of radiation, the type of exposure to it and its penetration. For example, alpha radiation has low penetration and is not a danger outside the body. Alpha radiation is a carcinogen when breathed in or eaten.

Atmospheric radiation
* Some atmospheric radiation reaches coasts.
* is responsible for many events that happen in our atmosphere every day.

Beta radiation
* consists of a stream of electrons
* highly localized form of radiation.
* includes both positrons and electrons.
* is basically an electron with a negative electric charge
  - both external and internal hazard
  - composed of a single particle comparable to an electron
* stream of fast moving electrons.

### energy | radiation:

Blackbody radiation
* Note that emission and absorption spectra come from thin gasses.
* depends on only temperature.
* form of continuous spectrum.
* is emitted over a range of wavelengths
  - inherently lambertian
  - produced by an object which perfect absorber of heat
* is the individual wavelengths of light emitted from blackholes
  - type of radiation emitted by a purely thermal source
* refers to the electromagnetic radiation that a blackbody material expels.
* very specific type of spectrum that corresponds to photons in equilibrium.

Cerenkov radiation
* is like the bow wave of a boat, or the shock wave of a supersonic airplane.
* looks much like a glowing ball of water or plasma around the reactor core.
* provides particle separation and imaging of both angular and spatial information.

Cosmic radiation
* Most cosmic radiation is very energetic.
* bombards our atmosphere constantly.
* consist of very energetic particles which bombard the earth from outer space.
* is located in space

Cranial radiation
* can also cause fatigue
  - hamper brain development
* is associated with greater risk of declines in intellectual and other abilities.