### cell | vegetative cell | neoplastic cell:

Cancer cell
* All cancer cells originate from normal cells and have the intelligence of a normal cell.
* Many cancer cells appear to owe their immortality to a switched on telomerase gene.
* Most cancer cells are immature, unspecialized cells that multiply indefinitely
  - part of cancer
  - exhibit telomeric associations
* Most cancer cells have a high level of the enzyme telomerase
  - elevated levels of tyrosine kinase activity
* Some cancer cells produce hormones while others continue to divide and produce more abnormal cells
  - large amounts of molecules called growth factors
* absorb large amounts of the sugar, compared to normal cells.
* accumulate multiple mutations as they regress to malignancy.
* are a type of malignant cell
  - able to grow in parts of the body other than their site of origin
* are abnormal and divide without control or order
  - cells that divide too often and without any order
  - academic journals
  - acidic while healthy cells are alkaline
  - all about telomerase and unrestricted cell division
  - also different from normal human cells
  - always atypical in some respect
* are cells that are engaged in uncontrolled mitosis
  - ignore cell cycle regulations and divide unchecked
  - which are growing uncontrollably
  - chameleons
  - characterized by rapid cell division
  - daunting to treat because they often have a number of genetic mutations
  - different from normal cells
  - easy to grow in culture
  - extremely small
  - full of telomerase and is why they live so long
* are genetically different from normal cells, and exhibit aberrant gene expression
  - the normal cells from which they derive
  - immortal while normal cells die after a number of divisions
  - less differentiated than normal cells
  - more sensitive to enzymes than normal cells
* are more susceptible to radiation than healthy tissue, because they reproduce faster
  - neoplastic cells
  - no exception
* are part of cancer
* are present in lung secretions but no tumor can be found in the lung
  - several locations within the prostate
  - rapidly proliferating and, as such, they have high requirements for folate
  - similarly immortal
  - some of our own cells that have mutated and refuse to die
  - unable to adhere other cells
  - usually less differentiated than the cells of the tissue where they arose
  - well differentiated
* are, in the human or animal body, in an inexhaustible supply.
* arise from normal cells whose nature is permanently changed.
* attack healthy tissue and never stop multiplying.
* become resistant to chemo and radiation treatments given previously
  - chemotherapy drugs
* can also become involved in the lymph nodes.
* can also break away and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system
  - from a malignant tumor
* can also break away from the tumor and enter the bloodstream and the lymphatic system
  - tumor and enter the bloodstream or the Iymphatic system
  - tumor and enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic system
  - off from the tumor and enter the blood stream
  - enter specialized channels in the breast called lymphatics
  - hide their antigens, making themselves less likely to be destroyed
  - spread from their original site to other parts of the body
* can also spread to other organs through lymph channels and the bloodstream
  - parts of the body, distant from the primary tumor
  - spread, or metastasize, to other parts of the body through the bloodstream
  - become resistant to attack
  - break away from a malignant tumor and enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system
  - develop a resistance to drugs that are commonly used in chemotherapy
  - enter lymph vessels
  - form tumors, abnormally growing masses of body cells
  - go into a quiescent stage, then start dividing again
  - hide from lymphocytes by becoming almost invisible
* can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs
  - tissues and organs near the tumor
  - nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body
  - lodge in an organ at a distant location and start a new tumor
  - look different than normal cells
  - metastasize - break off and then grow in another location
* can spread through the bloodstream and Iymphatic system to other parts of the body
  - throughout the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body
  - to distant places in the body and set up a new colony
* can travel through the bloodstream or through the immune system's lymph nodes
* continue to grow and divide out of control and can spread to other parts of the body.
* demonstrate an abnormality of both the proliferation and apoptosis.
* develop at approximately the same phenomenal speed as embryonic cells do.
* die, tumors shrink, and no side-effects are caused in any other tissues.
* differ from healthy cells in that they are immortal
  - they are, in effect, immortal
* differ from normal cells in many ways
  - several ways
* disappear after a famous rabbi predicts their retreat.
* divide and multiply uncontrollably
  - at inappropriate times
  - continuously, and many anti-cancer drugs attack dividing cells
  - rapidly, but so do stomach cells and bone-marrow cells and lots of other cells
  - very rapidly
* eat sugar more quickly than healthy cells.
* evade our immune system by a. hiding inside of our organs.
* exude nitric oxide.
* generate a tremendous amount of poisons.
* get energy from glucose by fermentation instead of by oxidizing it like normal cells.
* go through many steps to grow.
* gobble up sugar ten to fifteen times more than normal cells do.
* grow and divide rapidly out of control
  - rapidly, and they are very sensitive to the effects of radiation
  - uncontrollably, eventually pushing aside healthy cells
  - very quickly
  - faster than normal tissue
  - more rapidly than normal, healthy cells
  - outwith the growth regulating system in the body
  - rapidly and uncontrollably
  - so fast they lack sufficient oxygen
  - unpredictably, ignoring the warnings to which other cells respond
* have a faster metabolism than normal cells
  - higher proportion integrated than premalignant cells
  - defects in the apoptotic pathway which lead to tumor development and progression
  - low or undetectable levels of CKIs when compared to normal cells
  - more cholesterol-type compounds in their membranes than normal cells
* have the ability to break into the blood vessels and travel to distant sites
  - invade the blood vessels and find their way into the bloodstream
* hide under a coating of fibrin.
* interfere with and overrun the functioning of normal body cells.
* keep dividing and forming more cells without a control mechanism.
* live forever and become so numerous that they invade other tissues.
* lose that
  - the ability to control the cell cycle
  - their normal awareness of their position with respect to other cells
* make abnormal molecules to put on their surface
  - their way, sometimes all too quickly, throughout the body
* metabolize sugar faster than normal cells.
* move rapidly through the cell cycle and reenter cell division.
* multiply faster than normal cells, and continue to multiply, or proliferate.
* override the checkpoints, and grow at break neck speed.
* proceed through cell division at break-neck speed.
* produce plentiful telomerase.
* recover more slowly and with more difficulty.
* reflect light differently from the way healthy cells reflect light.
* release various antigens, some of which appear in the urine.
* reproduce relatively quickly in culture.
* require food, oxygen, and growth proteins in order to grow and spread
  - high levels of nitrogen
* seem to express cathepsin-B on their membrane surfaces as well.
* share certain traits with anti-social members of human society.
* show no contact inhibition.
* stop reproducing and begin to die.
* thrive by altering their micro-environment to make it more hospitable
  - on iron
* travel through the lymphatics to the lymph nodes to form tumors.
* use autocrine signaling to trigger growth
  - basically the same mechanism to evade chemotherapy
  - more energy than neighboring cells
* use the enzyme protein kinase as a growth factor
  - tyrosine kinase as a growth factor
  - urokinase to invade cells and metastasize
* violate the natural scheme by following their own agenda for growth and proliferation.