### plant part | spore:

Endospore
* Most endospores can survive in boiling water.
* Some endospores can remain dormant for centuries.
  * are structures made by bacteria for survival purposes. Bacteria turn to endospore when they undergo stress, such as increase in heat or lack of nutrient. This process is known as sporulation. Endospores are small rounded, resting cells that form inside bacteria when conditions become unbearable.
  * are highly dangerous bio-terrorist weapons. This is because they are smaller than the vegetative state. A bacterium, in itself, is already smaller than a eukaryotic cell. Therefore, considering the small size of endospore, a small volume of it can already contain a large quantity of it. Endospores are hard to eradicate.
* allow a cell to survive adverse environmental changes.
* are a means of reproduction
  - an alternative reproductive method to binary fission
  - extremely resistant to destruction and require special sterilization methods
  - for reproduction
  - heat sensitive
  - less heat resistant
  - produced by gram-positive bacteria and can lie dormant for years
* can survive lack of nutrients and water, extreme heat or cold, and most poisons.
* exhibit no signs of life, being described as cryptobiotic.
* form inside the original bacterial cell, as described above.
* help the organism survive hostile environments.
* includes sections.
* survive for years in a dormant state.

### plant part | spore | endospore:

Bacterial endospore
* are highly resistant and a constant problem to the food industry
  - seedlike structures that endure through hard times such as desiccation
* can survive boiling temperatures.

### plant part | spore:

Fungal spore
* Most fungal spores are single cells.
* Some fungal spores cause allergies
  - diseases
  - infection
  - severe allergies
* Some fungal spores infect leaves
  - trees
  - young leaves
* are introduced into trees by bark beetles or pruning wounds.
* are present in the soil, on non-host plants and leaf litter
  - year round but can increase after rains or plowing of the fields
  - smaller and lighter than plant seeds
  - spread by air currents and on the surface of contaminated asparagus seeds
  - transmitted by contaminated clippers, blankets, combs, bedding, bunks, and pens
  - usually about ten times larger than viral structures
* build up in the dip tank water, and get into wounds, and eventually cause infections.
* can cause severe allergies in humans.
* contact the target pest and secrete enzymes which attack and dissolve the cuticle.
* decline in viability from the moment they are produced.
* develop in and on the body of the infected grasshopper
  - the stromata
* germinate and infect the plant when stems and leaves are wet
  - shortly after landing in a new location
* infect the insect through the cuticle
  - ovaries of the mature flower of the host plant
* invades a crack, hole or wound in the tree.
* live in the soil.
* produced on year-old or older galls initiate infections on young, succulent twigs.

Haploid spore
* Most haploid spores are dispersed by wind
  - germinate into gametophytes
  - undergo mitosis
* Some haploid spores develop into gametophytes
  - haploid gametophytes
  - multicellular structures
  - grow into gametophytes

Megaspore
* are female spores
  - larger, and solitary within each megasporangium
* develop into female gametophytes
  - sporophytes
* occur in female cones and form female gametophytes
  - femlae cones and form femal gametophytes