### rate | speed:

Wind speed
* affects the rate of mixing
  - potential evaporation and snowmelt
  - weather condition
* are a critical factor in determining the potential for wind power.
* are generally light in the continental arctic interior throughout the year
  - lower in urban areas compared to more exposed rural locations
  - highest across exposed ridges
* are in knots
  - metres per second
  - proportional to the strength of the height gradient
  - stronger near the ground than aloft
  - typically highest in winter and lowest in summer
  - very difficult to measure in tornadoes
* blow east to west in a belt, and west to east in a zone.
* can exceed double the value of normal trade winds
  - vary, making it hard to keep turbines operating at a consistent level
* decreases as the complex structures in forests absorb wind energy
  - close to ground due to surface friction
* determines the depth of the bow.
* die off at higher altitudes.
* exhibits a diurnal cycle, generally peaking at noon and weakest at night
  - strong seasonal cycle, lowest in the winter and higher in the summer
* fact of aircraft performance.
* has only a magnitude.
* increases strongly with altitude, while temperature decreases
  - the height of ocean waves
* is also very dependant uponelevation above ground level
  - calculated from the location of the maximum of the quadratic polynomial function
  - caused by air moving from high pressure to low pressure
* is determined by counting pulses over a sample period
  - using a hand-held anemometer or from a portable meteorological station
  - in the traditional way from mean rotor speed
  - for standard sea-level conditions
  - gauged with an anemometer
* is given in miles per hour and storm surge is measured in wave feet
  - high when the lines are close together and low when the lines are far apart
  - highly variable from one location to another and during the day
  - important for wind energy
* is in kilometres per hour
  - tens of degrees and speed is in miles per hour
  - indicated by the darkness of the streamline
* is measured by an anemometer, of which there are many kinds
  - anemometers, most commonly using rotating cups or propellers
  - the rate at which the cups turn
  - in meters per second
* is measured using a cup anemometer
  - an anemometer, pictured below
  - either of two instruments
* is measured with a cup anemometer
  - small thermister as a hot wire anemometer
* is measured with an anemometer
  - instrument called an anemometer
  - our dependent variable, so it goes on the vertical axis
  - reported in meters per second
* is the speed at which the wind is moving in relation to the ground
  - vector difference between the airspeed and the ground speed
  - velocity attained by a mass of air traveling horizontally through the atmosphere
* reflection of the air pressure gradients.
* varies with the seasons, time of day, and region.
* vary with the terrain, season, and time of the day.
+ Tristan da Cunha, Geography, Climate: Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
  * On Gough it is a few degrees colder. 1700 mm annually at the Tristan Settlement, and 3300 mm at Gough. Strong winds are common. Wind speed increases strongly with altitude, while temperature decreases. Thus, while the lowlands experience quite pleasant weather, the uplands may be covered in snow or battered by very strong winds.

Success rate
* are a function of tumor location.
* is the number of awarded grants divided by the number of awards requested.