### biome:

Tundra
* Russian word.
* also contains permafrost, or permanently frozen soil.
* can take centuries to recover from even slight disturbance.
* climates Tundra climates are dry, with a brief, chilly summer and a bitterly cold winter.
* fabless semiconductor firm, producing chips for the embedded systems market.
* fragile plant, and if damaged can take hundreds of years to recover.
* globally holds carbon equal to one-third of that in the atmosphere.
* is an environment characterized mainly by the absence of trees
  - flat and cold with low plants like grass and moss that only grow during the short summer
* is found in the extreme North of Canada and Asia
  - near the poles
  - generally low, flat and treeless
  - land that remains frozen throughout the year
  - separated from the boreal forest of the subarctic region by the treeline
* is the coldest and driest of all the biomes
  - picture of absolute beauty
  - primary biome of Antarctica
  - underlain by permanently frozen ground called permafrost
  - wetland
* more stable breeding area than Prairies, less subject to drought.
* reindeer live in large herds, though they fragment and become smaller in the winter months.
* swans winter across the United States
  - on the water and sleep afloat
+ Biota: Biology
  * Biota' is a common term in biology. It means all the living things at a particular time or place. Because it includes all the living members of a given environment, the term is used especially in ecology. A similar term is biome, which refers to large geographical regions. Tundra is a biome.

### biome:

Woodland
* Most woodlands contain decay trees
  - snags and den trees
* Most woodlands have deciduous trees
  - layers
  - ranges
* Most woodlands provide breed habitats
  - diets
  - nest habitats
  - vary diets
* Some woodlands are dominated by willows
  - intersperse with grassland
  - possess wolves.
  * have an understory of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. Woodlands grade into shrubland in drier conditions or in early stages of plant succession. Higher densities and areas of trees, with largely closed canopy, and nearly continuous shade and are often called forests
* also are critical for water catchment
  - provide much of the watershed's habitat for animal, plant and bird life
* are among the most endangered and poorly conserved ecosystems in Australia
  - bottomland hardwoods with pines intermingled
  - comparable with rainforests in terms of biodiversity
  - dynamic, changing from year to year
* are mixed hardwoods dominated by oaks
  - hardwoods, mainly oak and maple
  - of the eastern hardwood type
* are the home of bluebells, primroses and celandines
  - most prominent plant community
  - natural condition for most areas of the state
* become fragmented, decreasing the amount of available habitat for wildlife.
* can be very dark
  - occur in association with prairies, but more frequently they exist surrounding glades
* commonly consist of elm, soft maple, willow, and shrubs tolerant of wet sites.
* consist mostly of live oak and loblolly pines.
  - native and exotic trees
* form boundaries.
* include debris
  - woody debris
  - food and shelter in the summer and overwintering sites for hibernation
* support various wood products, hunting and other recreation.

### biome | woodland:

Ancient woodland
* are the British version of North Americas old-growth forests.
* supports numerous threatened plants and animals.

Deciduous woodland
* Most deciduous woodlands provide breed habitats
* typical breeding and hunting habitat for the Eurasian sparrowhawk.

Greenwood
* are forests.
* case-study in how to sustain popularity in show business.
* is Canadian.
* lot softer than dry seasoned wood and consequently easier to cut with a stone tool.

Riparian woodland
* are strips of forest destroyed by fire.
* is absent from draws and stream corridors.
* overlap with foothill woodland along the banks and on the surrounding slopes.