### medical procedure | surgical procedure | treatment | therapy:

Radiation therapy
* Most radiation therapy leads to survival
  - provides surgical treatments
* Most radiation therapy provides traditional surgical treatments
* Radiation therapies attempt to kill cancerous cells while minimizing the harm to healthy tissue.
* Some radiation therapy involves heads.
* Some radiation therapy uses catheters
  - energy radiation
  - machines
  * may help cure several different types of cancer if they are limited to one area of the body. Radiation therapy works together with chemotheraphy. Radiation therapy has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in cancers known to be affected by radiation
* affects both normal and cancerous cells, but normal cells are able to recover
  - hair only in the area where the radiation has been administered
* affects normal as well as cancerous cells
  - tissue as well as abnormal cells
  - the cancer cells only in the treated area
* calls for precise targeting to spare healthy tissues around a tumor.
* can also cause burns similar to sunburn.
* can also cause hair loss in the pelvic area
  - to the part of the body receiving treatment
  - neuropathy
  - have long-term side effects
  - relieve symptoms caused by metastases to the bones or brain
  - attack cancer cells in two different ways
* can be effective in killing microscopic deposits of cancer left behind
  - time consuming and has short-term side effects
* can cause fatigue and red or dry skin in the treated area
  - hair loss, also known as alopecia
  - rectal and bladder injuries, difficulty urinating and impotence
  - the skin to tan, turn red, or blister
  - tightening of tissue and can affect the circulatory system
  - cure lung cancer and avoids the morbidity of an operation
  - extend survival for up to one year
  - have a severe negative affect on the oral cavity
  - help cure many different kinds of cancer
  - include external and implanted seeds, a procedure known as brachytherapy
  - lead to long-term scarring or swelling of the voice box
  - lessen the symptoms of cancer
  - offer, in some instances, permanent control of a tumor
  - often slow or stall tumor growth or even cause the tumor to shrink in size
  - produce some general side effects, such as fatigue and changes in appetite
* can treat a bone involved with the cancer
  - tumors located in a specific area
* can, however, interfere with sperm production.
* carefully planned and monitored process.
* causes a gradual loss of production of other pituitary hormones with time
  - diarrhea when the area treated includes the abdomen and pelvis
  - impotence in some men
  - scarring of tissue which can further obstruct the lymphatic pathways
  - some people to get sick to their stomachs
* consists of directing a beam of high-energy rays at a tumor.
* damages the ability of all affected cells to regenerate themselves and reproduce.
* destroys cancer cells and shrinks tumors.
* does have side effects
  - indeed cure some patients and has fewer risks than surgery
* does, however, interfere with sperm production.
* exposes the tumor site to high doses of cancer-killing radiation.
* form of high energy X-rays
  - x-rays that is used to kill cancer cells
* has a higher incidence of hormone deficiency after treatment
  - many applications in the treatment of breast cancer
  - the potential to cure certain cancers
  - to be precise because of the body's sensitivity to the effects of radiation
* highly specialized field in oncologic medicine.
* involves the delivery of radiation energy to the prostate.
* involves the use of high-energy ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells
  - rays to destroy cancer cells
* is administered to a field that widely encompasses the entire tumor.
* is also a common treatment of cancer of the paranasal sinus and nasal cavity
  - cancer of the salivary glands
  - localized form of treatment
* is an effective treatment for many kinds of cancer
  - way to treat many kinds of cancers in almost any part of the body
  - integral part of treatment for regionally advanced lung cancer
  - option if the tumor continues to grow
* is another effective treatment for prostate cancer
  - way to treat prostate cancer
  - as effective as radical hysterectomy for treating small cervical cancers
* is associated with cases of hydrocele
  - unique benefits as well as important toxicities
  - avoided whenever possible during pregnancy
* is considered adjuvant treatment when it is given before or after a mastectomy
  - palliative
  - standard treatment for patients with a single plasmacytoma
  - controlled use of radiation to stop the growth of cancer cells
  - costly and has the potential for side effects
  - delivered with machines administering high ionizing radiation
  - designed to treat tumor-containing tissue
* is directed to a limited area and affects the cancer cells only in that area
  - the areas of the body known to harbor cancer cells
  - effective against many types of cancers
* is effective in preventing recurrence of disease
  - treating many kinds of cancer in almost any part of the body
  - especially important in treating early-stage invasive cancers
* is given after chemotherapy
  - before or after surgery
  - by placing radioactive wires inside the plastic needles
  - either externally or internally
* is given in a series of treatments which encompass several weeks
  - divided doses over four to six weeks
* is given to the chest wall following chemotherapy
  - region of residual disease by external bean approach
  - local, affecting only the area exposed to the rays
  - medical treatments
* is often specific for cancer involving bone
  - the preferred treatment choice for prostate cancer
* is one method of treating cancer with Xrays or electron radiation
  - of four approaches to the treatment of cancer
* is one of the important and effective modalities of cancer treatment
  - major forms of treatment for cancer patients
  - oldest, cost effective cancer therapies
  - part of primary therapy when it follows breast-sparing surgery
  - particularly effective for seminomas
* is performed after surgery to counter tumor spillage into adjacent tissue
  - most often as external beam radiation
  - produced by a linear accelerator
* is the local treatment of cancer using various types of radioactive x-ray beams
  - main treatment for people who have a single plasmacytoma
* is the most common treatment for cancer of the nasopharynx
  - effective form of treatment for brain lymphoma
  - primary modality of treatment
* is the standard of care for glioblastoma
  - women who undergo lumpectomy
* is the treatment of cancer with high-energy radiation
  - tumors by means of xrays
  - use of high dose x-rays to kill cancer cells
* is the use of high-energy rays that cause tumors to shrink or be destroyed
  - to attack cancer cells
  - waves to kill the cancerous cells
* is the use of radiation to injure or destroy cancer cells
  - treat tumors
  - special kinds of energy waves or particles to fight cancer
  - x-rays or gamma rays to destroy cancer cells
  - treatment with high-energy rays or particles given to destroy cancer
* is used as a surgical adjunct
  - either alone or in conjunction with surgery and chemotherapy
* is used for incomplete excision, post-op recurrences, and nonsurgical candidates
  - local control of the disease
  - palliation of brain and bone metastasis
  - treatment of brain metastasis
  - if the cancer has spread
* is used in about half of cases
  - adults, along with chemotherapy
  - both groups of lung malignancies
  - conjunction with lumpectomy to treat the remaining breast tissue
  - many ways
  - only unresectable lesions
  - less often
  - on about half of all cancer patients
* is used to damage cancer cells and try to stop their growth
  - fight many types of cancer
  - treat localized disease
  - usually effective in relieving pain caused by bone metastases
* is very effective in treating basal cell cancer
  - localized, aimed at only the area where the cancer is present
* is, however, associated with some toxicity.
* leads to resolution of back pain in most patients
* local therapy because it affects only the cancer cells in the treated area
  - used to treat a tumor in a specific area of the body
  - treatment as opposed to chemotherapy that systemic treatment
* method of treating cancer using x-rays or other sources of radioactivity.
* normal course of treatment after the removal of a tumor.
* plays a very important role in the treatment of cancer.
* potentially curative treatment for prostate carcinoma.
* procedure that uses high energy rays to treat cancer.
* profession that is as challenging as it is rewarding.
* provides responses
* remains equally successful in treating prostate cancer as surgery
  - the reference treatment in anal canal carcinoma
* requires delivering multiple small doses of radiation over several weeks.
* targets high-energy rays at the cancer to stop it growing.
* treatment which occurs over time in multiple sessions.
* type of therapy, which targets cancers locally.
* uses X-rays or other high energy rays to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors
  - a radiation machine that emits x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors
* uses high doses of energy to destroy or damage cancer cells
  - radiation to destroy or damage cancer cells
  - energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors
* uses high energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors
  - x-rays to treat malignant tumors
  - energy, highly focused beams of radiation
* uses high-energy ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells
  - rays or particles to destroy cancer cells
* uses high-energy rays to damage cancer cells and stop their growth
  - stop breast cancer cells from growing and dividing
  - x rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors
  - high-level beams of radiation to destroy cells
  - powerful x-rays or other forms of radiation to kill cancer cells
  - the same forces at work in nuclear weaponry
  - x-rays or other high energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors
* uses x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors
  - from the outside and shrink tumors
* utilizes high-energy electromagnetic waves to kill cancer cells.
* very important modality in treating breast cancer.
  - well for tumors confined to a specific region