### swarm | infestation:

Heavy infestation
* affect the plant s vigor and lead to death of the plant.
* appear as an overdose of fertilizer that has caked around the grass nodes.
* are capable of rendering fruit inedible due to the buildup of thick white wax
  - even more harmful causing leaf drop and severely stressing trees
  - generally a product of crowding
  - more common in urban areas than in natural settings
* can also cause needles to become yellow or die
  - bronze an entire tree
* can cause complete loss of crops
  - curling of leaves and malformation of branches and nuts
  - decreased vitality of the tree, thus reducing fruit production
  - defoliation and reduce fruit size and quality
* can cause leaf and plant death
  - life threatening blood loss anemias, especially in young animals
  - loss of weight
  - premature leaf drop
  - stunting, yellowing of foliage, and leaf drop
  - the entire leaf to turn yellow and drop prematurely
  - yield losses
  - cover the leaves with very fine webbing
  - cut down on photosynthesis, which in turn can hurt blooming
* can defoliate and kill small pines
  - infested shrubs
  - plants and reduce yields
  - develop quickly, and severely defoliate the crop, reducing yield
  - get so thick they look like the shingles on the roof of a house
* can kill a plant
  - an entire lawn in as few as four days
  - branches and even cause the decline and death of the tree
  - calves and even adult cattle
  - limbs and eventually the whole tree
  - tree tops and permanently deform their growth
  - twigs, branches and even entire trees
  - lead to further decline by shading out the lower leaves of the tree
  - make the entire plant look brown and dead
  - occur in spring and summer and cause heavy defoliation of younger trees
* can reduce numbers of blooms
  - plant growth or kill plants
  - stream flow
  - tree growth rate and vigor and cause some twig dieback
* can result in complete loss of crops
  - low kernel weight and scarring of the pecan shell
  - significant blood loss
  - weaken and even kW mature trees
* cause a lightening or yellowing of the leaves of infested plants
  - blistering of leaves that can seriously impair leaf function
  - decline of plant vigor
  - diarrhea , nausea , and abdominal pain
  - die-back and can kill entire plants
  - dieback of twigs and branches
  - grain to spoil and heat
  - honeydew and sooty mold on the fruit and galls on the plant parts
  - leaf wilting
  - leaves to wilt and to drop prematurely
  - raised burrows that can be detected on the bark surface
  - rapid leaf shed
* cause the leaves to appear gray-green or rusty in color
  - turn pale green or yellow and fall off
  - margins of terminal leaves to cup
  - wilting, bark cracking, and branch dieback
* causes acute anaemia and blood loss in sheep, leading to death
  - needle loss and ultimate mortality of the tree
  - stunting and distortion of fruits and plants
* deposit honeydew on lower leaves and objects beneath the tree.
* eat away the developing flower buds and can severely reduce yields.
* have a sweet or minty odor.
* is indicated by a graying of the leaves which lead to defoliation
  - visible when the leaves begin to yellow and possibly drop
* lead to swelling, hardening and darkening of the skin.
* leads to reduced tree vitality.
* produce a cloud-like swarm when the plant is shaken
  - frail, silky webbing and can cause plant to die
* reduce the amount of growth produced by the plant.
* result in leaf loss and eventually plant death
  - severe bronzing of foliage and premature defoliation
  - significantly deformed, stunted growth and occasionally twig die-back
  - turf dying in irregular patches
  - under nourished and deformed bees
* stunt plants, cause deformed growth and reduce yield.
* weaken muscles
  - plants and cause branches to die
  - trees, which can eventually die