### substance | fiber | filament | barb:

Tiger barb
* Most tiger barbs have coloration
* are extremely popular among tropical freshwater aquarium enthusiasts.
* do best in soft, slightly acidic water.
* feature various colored stripes on their bodies.
  - greenish coloration

Wind barb
* are a useful indicator for locating low pressure centers on surface weather maps
  - in knots
  - useful for locating low pressure centers on surface weather maps
* show wind direction and speed.

Boron filament
* are used in the aerospace industry because of their high-strength and lightweight.
* have high strength, yet are lightweight.

### substance | fiber | filament:

Chromatid
* All chromatids line up at the equator.
* are eukaryotic chromosomes
  - flexible
  - part of chromosomes
  - present only in mitosis
  - pulled apart
  - seperated from each other
  - the copies of a duplicated chromosome
* become chromosomes when the centromeres split at the metaphase-anaphase transition
  - two separate sets of DNA during the third step of mitosis
* can exchange base pairs by crossing-over.
* cluster at the poles and fibers disappear.
* line up at the equator of the cell with sister chromatids at right angles to the spindle.
* move apart during anaphase by the spindle fibers.
* separate prior to being moved by the spindle apparatus to different regions of the cell.

### substance | fiber | filament | chromatid:

Sister chromatid
* are derived from the same chromosome
  - duplicated copies of the chromosome
  - from the same chromosome, and they are connected together at the centromere
  - joined at the centromere when a chromosome duplicates during interphase
* are the two identical halves of a replicated chromosome
  - a single replicated eukaryotic chromosome
* line up along the equator of the cell.
* relate to each other by mirror symmetry.
* remain attached at the centromere and move as a single unit toward the pole
  - joined at their centromeres
* separate, and the now-daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell
  - becoming individual chromosomes that migrate toward spindle poles

Gill filament
* are the feather-like projections of the gills across which diffusion of gases occurs.
* occur on branchial arch three.

Hypha
* are transparent thin walled tubes.
* begin to sprout from the cell wall, which begin to get food.

### substance | fiber | filament | hypha:

Conidiophore
* are absent
  - also septate and brown in color, occasionally producing a zigzag appearence
  - colorless and highly branched
  - erect and branch repeatedly at their apices
* are erect, branched, hyaline or pigmented
  - hyaline to pigmented, simple, or branched
  - hypha-like, short or long, hyaline, simple or branched
  - hyphae-like and simple or branched
  - short or long, hypha-like
  - simple or branched, brown, septate, sympodial and geniculate in appearance
  - tall, dark, and upright with branching near the apex
  - the structures that produce the fungal spores
* arise at right angles to the vegetative hyphae.

Fungal hypha
* All fungal hyphae have cell walls composed primarily of chitin, a complex polysaccharide.
* Most fungal hyphae are divided into cells by cross walls called septa.
* e are highly branched and extends thru a relatively large volume of soil
  - often syncytia
* e have advantages over bacteria in some soil environments
  - intrinsic ability to execute carefully controlled dissolution of own wall
+ Syncytium, Examples: Cell biology

Rhizomorph
* Some rhizomorphs are simply parallel, linear collections of hyphae.
* are rootlike or cordlike masses of hyphae that can contaminate soil and plant parts.
* have a white core and black outer layer.
* look like thick strings and form when the very fine mycelium fuses together.
* perform functions similar to plant roots.