### imperfection:

Defect
* Most defects cause a whispering sound, or murmur, as blood moves through the heart
  - occur in the membranous portion of the septal wall
* Some defects affect brains
  - are congenital, or present at birth
* Some defects cause cystic fibrosis
* Some defects interfere with metabolism
  - sulphur metabolism
* Some defects lead to blindness
  - diseases
  - kidney diseases
* affect much of a material's behavior.
* are abnormalities in skeleton, body form, and body functions.
* are caused by damage
  - radiation damage
  - disadvantage
  - important because they are the keys to imbuing materials with new properties
  - major causes of low quality in trees
  - very important in the charge density wave phase too
* can be sporadic, especially in their developmental stages
  - decay at constant rate of change or can change exponentially
  - lead to increase in blood cholesterol and increase risk of atherosclerosis
  - occur anytime in the developmental stages of the embryo or fetus
* can occur in the bulk of the crystal or at the interface between materials
  - chambers, the valves or the blood vessels leaving the heart
  - inside the heart or in the large blood vessels outside the heart
* cause medical problems
* lead to migration.
* occur when the contour lines cross each other.
* result from environmental factors

### imperfection | defect:

Birth defect
* Most birth defects appear to be minor, correctable by plastic surgical procedures
  - begin in the early months of pregnancy
* Most birth defects result from environmental factors
* Some birth defects are genetic while some are environmental
  - genetics
  - preventable
  - have major environmental determinants, which are called teratogens
  - persist for centuries
* are a leading cause of infant death in the chapter area
  - major worry for expecting parents
  - serious problem in Texas and the United States
* are abnormalities seen in infants at birth
  - that are present at the time of birth
  - also possible when a mother is exposed to uranium during pregnancy
  - anomalies
  - but one point of interest in medical and scientific communities
* are common but often overlooked causes for stillbirth
  - in some lines
  - evident at birth
  - often the result of a genetic problem, and there are many such types of disorders
  - the leading cause of death in the first year of life
* are the leading cause of infant death and a major cause of disability in young people
  - mortality
  - least sensitive indicator of reproductive toxicity due to mutagens
  - only serious side effects associated with thalidomide
  - single leading cause of infant mortality in the United States
* can also occur
  - manifest at any age
* can occur if given while pregnant
  - when there are too few or too many chromosomes
* contribute significantly to chronic disease morbidity and related medical costs
  - substantially to morbidity and disability of children
* means any structural or chemical abnormality present in a child at birth.
* occur in approximately five percent of all live births
  - user's children
* physical or mental abnormality present at the time of birth.
* related to alcohol are permanent
  - use are permanent
* remain the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States.
+ Birth defect, How common birth defects are: Health problems
  * Birth defects involving the brain are the most common problems. They concern about 10 per 1000 live births, compared to heart problems, at 8 per 1000, kidney problems at 4 per 1000, and limbs at 1 per 1000. All other physical anomalies together occur in 6 per 1000 live births.
+ Birth, Related medical words: Biological reproduction