### belief | doctrine:

Dualism
* also gives birth to fragmentation, separation, alienation and isolation.
* are doctrines.
  * is also a common sense idea. For example it form of dualism to say that a thing is either hot or cold, good or bad, mine or somebody else's, with no allowance for possible states in between.
* arises in Eastern philosophy as well.
* constantly separates man and woman from the sacred, nature from man, and spirit from matter.
* divides the universe into two types of substance, material and mental.
* expresses the important idea that the individual continues to exist beyond death.
* holds that there are two fundamental substances.
  - implicit in the work of humanistic pioneers
* is an ancient concept and deeply rooted in Greek thought
  - pagan heresy that deeply infected the church
  - archaic notion which needs to be removed from our consciousness
  - characteristic of Western thought
  - problematic for the study of communication once that assertion is accepted
* is the belief that there are separate physical and non-physical aspects of reality
  - dominant theme of eastern thought and philosophy
  - root of all suffering
  - thus opposed to both materialism and idealism
  - when people believe that that mind and body are in some way separate from each other
* opposes 'interior' to 'exterior' in the existent.
* places a detailed understanding of mind and consciousness beyond the reach of science.
* suggests that life can be separated into good and evil.
+ Mind, Studying the mind, Philosophy: Psychology :: Philosophy
  * Dualism' and 'monism' are the two main ways people try to solve the mind-body problem. Dualism is when people believe that that mind and body are in some way separate from each other. Oxford University Press. Aristotle,Robinson H. 1983. Essays on Aristotle's De Anima'. Oxford University Press.

### belief | doctrine | dualism:

Cartesian dualism
* defines mind and body as separate substances.
* is, of course, traditionally associated with the view that animals lack minds.

Radical dualism
* is found among many people besides millennialists, including law enforcement agents.
* typical feature of human thought.

### belief | doctrine:

Egalitarianism
* are doctrines
  - political ideology
* bourgeois ideal because it merely means 'equal before the law'.
* distorts the Bible's teaching, and the biblical order of human society.
* foundational element of the competing worldview of unbelief.
* is hostile to hierarchies and distinctions
  - linked to liberties, the right and power of people to make individual decisions
* is the antithesis of elitism
  - spirit of our age that insists on everybody being equal
  - wrong because it is the same as communism
* pragmatic solution to uneven distribution of wealth.
* religious belief.
* sees the individual as able to pursue any line of activity.

Epicureanism
* According to Aristippus, Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to have certain pleasures, and to reach a state of mind where there is no fear and no pain. Epicureanism form of hedonism, because it declares that pleasure is the only good there is.
* is one of the most notable influences the Greek world bestows on Roman civilization
  - the best-known form of ancient hedonism
* subtle way to destroy the human body through pleasure and promiscuity.

False doctrine
* means that the teaching is false, false prophecy means the prophet is false.
* symptom of an unhealthy religious life.