### animal | arthropod | insect | wasp | hornet:

European hornet
* Most european hornets have legs.
* Some european hornets eat grasshoppers
* are found in most parts of north america.
* eat grasshoppers, yellow jackets and bees.
* fly at night and are attracted to lights and windows.
* girdle smaller twigs and gnaw holes in the bark of larger branches.
* have a long seasonal cycle

Male wasp
* emerge from pupas.
* pollinate flowers.

Male wasps
* Most male wasps emerge from pupas.
* Some male wasps have spines.
* can only develop on wasp larvae.
* make love to orchids.

### animal | arthropod | insect | wasp:

Paper wasps
* are longer, more slender, and have longer legs than yellowjackets
  - much more tolerant of disturbances than yellow jackets or hornets
  - one of the less aggressive wasps
  - thin with shiny, dark brown, with brown or yellow markings
* belong to the genus Polistes.
* build open, flat nests of a single comb.
* have extremely thin waists in comparison to other wasps, for example
  - longer more slender bodies and long dangling legs
* make their own paper by chewing wood into pulp and mixing it with their saliva.

Parasitic wasp
* attack midges
  - wheat midges
* feed on larvae
  - moth larvae
* have wings.

### animal | arthropod | insect | wasp:

Parasitic wasps
* Most parasitic wasps have wings.
* Some parasitic wasps are so small they can develop into adults inside the eggs of other insects.
  * are extremely varied in their habits. If the prey caterpillar, they paralyze it by injecting it with venom through their ovipositor. Then they insert one or more eggs into the host or deposit them upon the host externally. The host remains alive until the parasitoid larvae are mature, dying later when the parasitoids pupate, or when they emerge as adults. Basically, the hosts are eaten alive
  - also very effective in aphid control
  - another threat to butterflies
  - effective against leaf miners
  - important natural enemies of caterpillars, grubs, whiteflies and aphids
* enter the fall webworm nest, laying their eggs inside the larva.
* inject their eggs into the bodies ot caterpillars.

Potter wasp
* Most potter wasps have painful sting.
* are black with white, yellow, orange, or red markings
  - found throughout the northern hemisphere, mainly in temperate regions
  - generally black and yellow and have a thin waist
  - important in the natural control of caterpillars

Predatory wasps
* Many predatory wasps can carry prey bigger than themselves.
* eat the pupae of several species of filth breeding flies.

### animal | arthropod | insect | wasp:

Social wasps
* Most social wasps are omnivores , eating both plants and other animals.
* Most social wasps live in colonies
  - large colonies
  - prefer to use vegetation to their advantage when building their nests
* are formed of paper wasps , yellow jackets and hornets.
* live as colonies in nests of honeycomb-like cells
  - in large colonies and are led by a queen
  - together in communities called colonies
+ Wasp, Free-living wasps, Nests made of paper
  * Most free-living wasps are social insects, like bees and ants, but there are a few solitary wasps. Social wasps are formed of paper wasps, yellow jackets and hornets. All three make paper nests from tree wood. They create paper cells similar to the combs that bees make with wax. They chew up bits of wood and convert it into a paste which they use to construct their paper nests.