### stone:

Igneous rock
* Igneous Rocks Be able to define igneous rocks.
* Most igneous rock is made up of quartz, feldspar, nepheline, mica, amphibole, pyroxene, and olivine.
* Most igneous rocks have a crystalline texture, characterized by interlocking mineral crystals
  - some scattered, larger crystals
* Some igneous rocks have more than one distinct grain size.
  * are rocks formed from molten magma. The material is made liquid by the heat inside the Earth's mantle
  - a large part of volcanoes
* are classified based on their texture and mineral composition
  - on the basis of texture and composition
  - crystaline without bands or layers
  - extremely rare in Kansas
* are formed by the cooling and hardening of molten material called magma
  - deep within the Earth
* are formed from lava or magma
* are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
  - solidification of molten rock material
* are formed when molten magma cools, either above or below the surface
  - rock cools and hardens
  - found throughout the world
  - hard, and often used for building because they are durable
  - like glue that comes out of a tube and hardens
  - made by solidification of magma when it penetrates the earth's crust
  - one of the three major types of rocks
  - records of the thermal history of the Earth
* are rocks that became so hot that they melted, then cooled down and solidified again
  - have cooled from molten rock
  - which form from cooling magma or lava
  - uncommon
  - very susceptible to mechanical weathering
* begin as magma
  - with molten material
* can - the age is the time when minerals crystallized
  - be either of volcanic or plutonic origin
* can change into sedimentary or metamorphic rocks
  - rock or into metamorphic rock
  - form underground, where the magma cools slowly
* compose the majority of the rock in the earth's crust.
* consist mainly of silicate minerals containing silicon, oxygen and metallic elements
  - of interlocking mineral crystals
* contain randomly arranged interlocking crystals.
* contains metallic minerals such as nickel, copper, gold and silver.
* cover most of the area.
* crystallize from magma from mantle
* form by cooling and crystallization from a molten state
  - crystallizing from hot molten magma or lava
* form from magma crystallizing below earth's surface or from volcanic activity
  - molten rock, called magma
  - when magma or lava cools and hardens into a rock
* form when molten material from the earth's interior cools and solidifies in the crust
  - rock, or magma, cools and hardens
  - rocks are heated to the melting point which forms magma
* found in the Rocky Mountains are usually Mafic.
* hardens in the cold night air.
* have a hard, mottled, crystalline look
  - volcanic origin
* is fire-born
  - forged deep in the Earth at very high temperatures where life is absent
  - formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
  - hardened magma , which can happen above or below ground
  - produced by cooling molten lava
  - rock formed by the crystallization of molten materials
* is rock that cooled and became solid beneath the surface of the earth
  - has been made by volcanic action
* occurs in two ways.
* originate from magma, or liquid rock, from within the earth.
* solidify from a liquid magma as it cools.
* start as magma.
+ Geology, Types of rock, Igneous rock
  * Igneous rock is rock that has been made by volcanic action. Igneous rock formed from magma that has become solid inside the earth is called intrusive igneous rock. Igneous rock formed from lava that has become solid on the outside of the Earth is called extrusive igneous rock. This can happen because of the eruption of a volcano. Some extrusive igneous rock types are basalt, andesite, rhyolite, tuff, obsidian, and pumice. Examples of intrusive igneous rock types are gabbro, diorite, and granite.
+ Igneous rock, Geological significance
  * Igneous rock occurs in two ways. The first, extrusive, is above the Earth's crust. The second, intrusive, is at or below the Earth's crust.
+ Rock (geology), Rock classification, Igneous rocks
  * Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma cools, either above or below the surface. 2nd ed, Freeman
  - cycle, Igneous rock
  * Igneous rock is hardened magma, which can happen above or below ground. It can melt into magma, erode into sediment, or be pressed tightly together to become metamorphic
+ Sedimentary rock, Types of sedimentary rock: Sedimentology
  * Sedimentary rocks may be found anywhere on Earth. When sedimentary rocks are heated and squeezed, they become metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks have a volcanic origin. Over a very long time, rocks get recycled, in two ways. When marine sediments are raised above sea level, they get weathered, and the pieces carried down to the sea. On a much longer time-scale continental plates may collide.