### condition:

Osteoporosis
* Most osteoporosises affect individuals
  - have causes
* accounts for more than one million fractures a year in the U.S. alone.
* affects about one out of two women over a lifetime.
* affects both men and women and occurs when the body fails to form new bone
  - women, however it is more common in women
  - jaw bones as much as long bones and the spine
  - millions of people, mostly women
  - more women than men
  - most women to some degree
  - mostly older women, but older men can get it too
  - one in three women and one in ten men
  - only women
  - persons of all ages
* afflicts more people than any other bone disease
  - one in two females and one in three males over the age of sixty in Australia
* also major health concern of seniors.
* are bone diseases
  - pathology
* becomes more common with age.
* begins in childhood.
* begins long before estrogen levels fall and accelerates for a few years at menopause
  - oestrogen levels fall, and accelerates for a few years at menopause
* big problem in the elderly, particularly women.
* bone disease in which bones become thinner.
* bone disease that causes bones to become brittle and break very easily
  - is quite common, especially in older women
  - disorder in which bone matter becomes thinner and weaker
* bone-thinning disease that leads to bone fractures.
* bone-weakening disease that leads to fractures and tooth loss
* can accelerate bone loss, which can lead to dentures at an earlier age.
* can affect anyone regardless of sex or race
  - anyone, however
  - more than just the bones
* can also affect men
  - cause a hump in the upper back, often referred to as a dowager's hump
  - causes spine fractures
  - increase the risk of hip fractures, a major problem for older people
* can be a life-threatening disease
  - tragic disease
  - due to calcium deficiency
  - hereditary
  - begin as early as adolescence
* can cause a great deal of suffering, and it can also increase the risk of death
  - fractures to bones like wrists and hips and also weaken the jawbone
  - shortening of the spine or a humped back
* can cause the hip to become brittle and bone to disintegrate
  - spine to bend and makes bones more likely to break
* can lead to enhanced bone fragility and an increase in the risk of fracture
  - fractures after little or no trauma
  - fracturing as the bone density decreases with age
  - life-threatening complications
  - loss of height and deformity
  - severe bone fracture
* can result in a high risk of bone fractures and collapse of the vertebrae
  - vertebral fractures, which cause a stooping-over of the spine
  - strike at any age
* causes a decrease in bone mass, often referred to as thinning of bone
  - bone breakdown, that can lead to multiple fractures and tooth loss
* causes bones to become more fragile and break easier
  - porous, dangerously brittle, and prone to breakage
* causes bones to become thinner and break more easily
  - more porous
  - become, thin, weak and fragile and susceptible to fracture
  - break under normal use
* causes bones to lose calcium and become more porous, thinner, and weaker
  - strength, becoming more fragile
  - thin and become more brittle and weak
  - weaken, resulting in a greater risk of fractures and other injuries
  - bones, especially in the hip, spine, and wrist, to become brittle
* causes brittle bones and can lead to bone fractures, especially in active children
  - demineralisation of bones
  - major orthopedic problems in almost one third of post-menopausal women
* causes more than a million hip fractures a year
  - one million fractures every year
  - pain, disability, and loss of independence
  - severe and unremitting bone pain
  - skeletal weakness
* causes the bones to become so fragile that they break with just the slightest movement
  - weak and brittle
  - weaken and fracture under the slightest stress
  - loss of bone mass and strength
  - weak bones
* chronic disease that can have a devastating effect on an individual's life.
* chronic, progressive disease.
* clinically detectable disease with bone densitometry.
* common complication of anorexia nervosa.
* common condition among older women and warfarin is widely used among older women
  - associated with menopause
  - that affects millions of people
  - consequence of organ transplantation
  - disease, especially in older women
* common disorder affecting a large number of adults
  - among women
* common problem faced by the old
  - later in life when there has been malnutrition
  - whose management is controversial
  - type of metabolic bone disease that is associated with low calcium levels
* condition characterized by the progressive loss of and thinning of bone tissue.
* condition in which bones become less dense, more brittle, and fracture easily
  - more porous and are susceptible to breaks
  - porous and fragile
  - thin after middle age
  - thin, fragile, and highly prone to fracture
  - weak, fragile, and brittle
  - lose calcium and become weakened and fragile
* condition in which the bones become less dense and thus more fragile over time
  - weak, brittle, and prone to breaking
  - marked by decreased bone mass and decreased bone density
* condition of abnormal bone modeling
  - bone mass loss that eventually results in fractures
  - decreased bone mass resulting in structural weakness of bone
* condition of gradually weakening and increasingly brittle bones
  - having thin and brittle bones
  - loss of bone that can cause bones to get thinner and weaker
  - weakened bones due to loss of calcium and minerals
  - related to excessive bone loss and decreased bone density
* condition that involves a reduction in bone mass
  - thinning of the bones and can lead to bone fractures
  - is characterized by decreased bone mass and density
  - only affects women
  - results from reduced bone mass
  - where bones become brittle and susceptible to breaks
* condition, which causes the bones of postmenopausal women to become weak.
* crosses all race, gender, and economic boundaries.
* debilitating disease in which bones become fragile and are more likely to break
  - that affects millions of people every year
* decline in bone mass - that is, in the total amount of bone substance.
* decrease in bone mass and strength causing increased susceptibility to fractures
  - that leaves bones very fragile and susceptible to fractures
  - mineral density
  - the bone matrix, which leads to small holes in the bone tissue
* deforms the skeletal structure.
* degenerative bone disease that affects mostly post-menopausal women
  - primarily affects post-menopausal women
  - disease that leaves bones porous and fragile
* depletes both the calcium salts and the protein in the bone.
* develops as people age because their bones grow thinner and become less dense
  - because of an imbalance of bone formation and bone loss
* develops over a period of years - often without any outward symptoms
  - slowly, and the seeds are sown in our youth
* develops when bone removal occurs too quickly or if replacement occurs too slowly
  - resorption occurs too quickly or if replacement occurs too slowly
  - calcium is depleted from the bones faster than it can be replenished
  - more bone is dissolved than is formed
* disabling disease that takes decades to develop.
* disease associated with a gradual thinning and weakening of the bones
  - characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density
* disease characterized by decreased bone density
  - mass, or weak bones
  - fragile bones
  - loss of strength and thickness of bone tissue
  - low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue
  - the loss of bone mass resulting in fractures
  - and can break easily
  - and more likely to break
  - thinner and more likely to break
  - reduced bone mass causes bones to break easily
* disease in which the bones become brittle and weak
  - calcium content of bones has been depleted
* disease of ageing and, although commoner in women, can occur in both sexes
  - bone that is characterized by a diminution in bone tissue mass
  - bone, leading to an increased risk of fracture
  - bones where they become weak and fragile in later life
  - elderly women
  - epidemic proportions, yet it is preventable
  - progressive bone loss associated with an increased risk of fractures
* disease of the bones, characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density
  - skeletal system
  - skeleton in which bones become brittle and prone to fracture
  - thinning of the bones due to loss of calcium
  - thin bones that break easily
* disease that affects the bones and leads to an increase in bone fractures
  - can be prevented
* disease that causes bones to become porous and less dense
  - thin, weak and brittle
  - gradually become weaker and more brittle
  - weaken and break more easily
  - porous bones
  - the bones to become thin and brittle
  - characteristically afflicts postmenopausal women
  - comes with advancing age
  - hits women three times as frequently as men
  - reduces bone density, causing bones to become frail and brittle
* disease that results from excess bone turnover
  - the removal of too much bone tissue by osteoclasts
  - where decreased bone strength increases the risk of a broken bone
  - which causes bones to become so fragile that they break easily
  - without symptoms
* disorder characterised by the progressive thinning and weakening of the bones
  - of older women
  - that causes bones to become weak and prone to fracture
* does become more common as people get older
  - occur in men, too, albeit less frequently than in women
  - strike women much more often than it does men
* drains away bone mass over many years without warning to the patient or doctor.
* drastic loss of bone mass and density that increasingly makes bone more fragile.
* frequently leads to vertebral fractures, causing the spine to collapse.
* generalized loss of bone that occurs throughout the skeleton
  - progressive diminution of bone density
* generally occures without symtoms.
* geriatric disease that has pediatric origins.
* gradual process that begins long before menopause
  - thinning of bone tissue that strikes both aging humans and astronauts
* growing problem as the world's population ages.
* has many causes, both controllable and uncontrollable
  - multiple causes
* has no symptoms and it progresses slowly
  - in the early stages
* health threat to men and women.
* increases the risk of fracture
  - fractures, especially of the spine, hip, and wrist
* is abnormally low bone density, which increases the risk of fracture
  - about four times more common in women than in men
* is also a disease that affects men with some frequency
  - an important cause of death among elderly people
  - common among older people, especially older women
  - present in healthy astronauts that are in microgravity for extended duration
* is an absolutely preventable disease
  - age-related disorder that causes the gradual loss of bone density and strength
  - equal opportunity disease affecting both men and women at any age
  - extremely subtle and silent disease
* is an important cause of morbidity in women
  - health issue, especially for women
  - indicator of the risk of fracture, but it is only one factor
* is an increasing health care problem in all ageing communities
  - problem all over the world
  - ongoing condition of brittle bones becoming weaker
* is another adult disease that results from a poor dietary vitamin D and calcium intake
  - concern for women
  - degenerative condition of aging, which frequently affects the back
  - hideous disease that affects many maturing women
  - potential side effect with high doses of corticosteroids
  - associated with falls and fractures, broken wrists and curved spines
  - asymptomatic before fractures occur
  - believed to be caused by several factors
  - both preventable and treatable
  - called the silent disease because until there fracture it causes no symptoms
* is characterized by a breakdown of the cells that build strong bones
  - decrease in bone mass due to loss of bone matrix
  - loss of calcium from bone, especially the spine
  - an absolute decrease in bone mass of normal morphology
  - diminished bone strength with increased risk of fracture
* is characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue
  - and the structural deterioration of bone tissue
  - non-tramatic fracture of bone as a result of low bone mass
  - the exaggerated loss of bone mass and by poor bone quality
  - thinning of bone tissue which can facilitate fractures
  - weak, brittle and porous bones
* is classified as either primary or secondary
  - common in elderly people, particularly women
  - common, for example, in older women following menopause
* is considered one of the potentially serious side effects of heparin therapy
  - to be a major public health problem
  - costly both in dollars and in human suffering
  - due to gradual loss of bone mass
  - easier to prevent than treat
  - eight times more common in women than men
  - essentially asymptomatic until a fracture occurs
  - excessive bone loss resulting in increased fracture risk
  - foremost a women's health problem
  - highly prevalent
  - increasingly widespread
  - indeed one of the most common chronic medical problems in the elderly
  - initially an asymptomatic disease
* is known as a silent disease because it is asymptomatic until a fracture occurs
  - primarily as a disease that strikes the elderly and especially elderly women
* is largely preventable and treatable
  - for most people
  - less common and less severe in men
* is less common in men than in women for several reasons
  - men, but when it does occur it can have serious effects
  - prevalent in China even though calcium intake is low by American standards
  - mainly the result of osteoclast over-activity
* is more closely related to menopause than to a woman's chronological age
  - common in white and Asian communities
* is more common in women than in men
  - that in men and often occurs after menopause
* is more prevalent among women than men
* is most common among elders
* is most common in postmenopausal Oriental and white women
  - the elderly, but building strong bones lifelong project
  - white and Asian women, especially slender women
* is most common in women after menopause but elderly men are also commonly affected
* is much easier to prevent than it is to treat
* is now a preventable disease
  - serious epidemic in Britain
  - of great concern in North American women
  - often thought of an older persons disease, however it can strike at any age
  - on of the most feared long-term effects of steroid use
  - one of the biggest health concerns facing American society
* is one of the main causes of fractured bones in older adults
  - complications of the postmenopause
* is one of the most common chronic diseases
  - debilitating disesases in America today
  - disorders that is associated with insufficient calcium
  - side effects of long-term treatment with oral steroids
  - devastating consequences of steroid use
  - under-diagnosed disorders in medicine
  - three common silent killers that have plagued modern civilization
  - such condition that recognized major public health problem
  - painful - and can lead to severe disability and even premature death
  - painful, disfiguring, and debilitating
  - painless until a bone fracture occurs
* is prevalent in the alcoholic population
  - islands among the aged
* is preventable and treatable in most women
  - if bone loss is detected early
  - in both men and women when diagnosis is made early enough
  - primarily a disease of the elderly, resulting in the loss of bone mass
  - probably the single most prevalent problem of aging women
  - proven to be associated with estrogen deficiency
  - quite prevalent
  - rare among children and adolescents
  - responsible for more long term hospital care than any other individual disease
  - seen less often in men than in women for several reasons
  - similarly strongly genetic
  - still undiagnosed and untreated in lakhs of individuals
* is the classic deficiency symptom of prolonged poor intake of calcium
  - debilitating bone loss disease which primarily affects women
  - direct effect of the loss of bone density
  - disease that causes bones to become thinner
  - end result of bone loss
* is the excessive loss of bone tissue
  - calcium and matrix of bone
  - leading bone disease
* is the loss of bone density or thinning of the bones
  - mineral density that can occur in menopausal women
  - calcium from bones
* is the most common bone disease in the United States
  - in the world
  - disease, affecting one in three women and one in twelve men
  - disorder in America
  - cause of pathological fracture
  - condition for post-menopausal women
  - disease that affects bones
  - form of bone disease and is the leading cause of hip fractures
* is the most common human bone disease, leading to hip and vertebral fractures
* is the most common metabolic bone disease in seniors
  - disease in the industrialised world
  - devastating disease relating to poor calcium intake
  - prevalent bone disease affecting aging adults
  - number one pain producer in the female
  - progressive loss of bone density and the thinning of bone tissues
  - reduction of bone mass which ultimately leads to fractures after minimal trauma
* is the result of long-term calcium imbalance
  - loss both mineralization and organic matrix of bone
  - resulting weakening of the bones associated with demineralization
  - same as arthritis
  - silent killer of modern medicine
  - state where our bones deteriorate at a rate faster than they are produced
* is the thinning and thereby weakening of the bones that often occurs in elderly women
  - of bones in the skeletal system in the body
  - three to four times more common in woman than men
  - treatable and even preventable
* is truly a devastating disease resulting in much pain and suffering
  - disease of modern medicine
* is uncommon in China
  - men until after the age of seventy
* is usually asymptomatic
  - silent until people reach their later years
* is very common among older women and frequently asymptomatic
  - in Caucasian women, less so among other races
* is when a person s bones have lost density and as a result are prone to fractures
  - there is an actual loss of bone tissue
* is yet another deadly disease that affects mainly women
  - illness that often targets women
* is, therefore, a disease of calcium loss rather than one of calcium lack.
* leading cause of fractures of the spine, wrists and hips.
* leads to a high risk of fractures
  - fractures of the spine, the wrist and the hips
  - fractures, loss of height, a hump-back appearance
  - weak bones due to excessive decrease in bone density
* literally means 'porous bones' and is the result of a reduction in bone density
* loss in bone mass and bone strength and major health problem.
* loss of bone and bone strength where the bone becomes more fragile over time
  - mass and density producing fragile bones
* major age-related disease.
* major cause of disability in older people, especially women
  - fracture, pain, disability and death
* major concern for non-white men and women
  - women over forty
* major factor in broken hips in women who fall
  - most hip fractures
  - health problem, and carries with it a high risk of fracture
  - problem in our society
* major public health concern
  - problem, though often unrecognized
  - risk factor for fractures in the elderly
* makes the bones weak and brittle.
* means porous bones
  - that bone disappears faster than it is replaced
* meets the criteria of a major public health problem.
* metabolic bone disorder characterized by a diffuse decrease in the amount of bone.
* microarchitectural deterioration of bone.
* mostly affects post-menopausal Caucasian women although all women can be affected.
* occurs as women get older
  - bone matter is lost faster than it is grown
  - during space flight because of weightlessness
  - in women typically after the menopause when there is inadequate estrogen
  - later in life for African American women than for White women
  - more frequently in women than men
  - most frequently in women after menopause
  - over a long period of time and often goes undetected until the fracture occurs
* occurs when bones become thin and brittle
  - calcium is lost from the bones and the bones weaken
  - osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity
* occurs when the amount of bone loss is greater than the amount of bone that's formed
  - imbalance in favor of bone loss becomes exaggerated
  - with aging in some people, particularly in post-menopausal women
* offers unique challenges to older adults.
* often causes curvature of the spine and broken bones in the hip and wrist
  - has no symptoms until the sufferer breaks a hip, a wrist or a bone in the spine
  - progresses unnoticed and without pain until a debilitating fracture occurs
* painful disabling disease which causes bones to become brittle.
* particularly serious problem for Europe's ageing population.
* pediatric disease with geriatric consequences.
* pervasive problem in the elderly.
* potentially crippling disease that results in porous, brittle bones.
* prevalent age-related disease characterized by decreased bone mass.
* preventable and treatable disease
* primarily affects post- menopausal women.
* probably does occur, even with low doses of steroids.
* problem among girls with eating disorders
  - as women age and the amount of estrogen in their systems decreases
* produces no symptoms or warning signs until a fracture occurs.
* progressive bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral content.
* provides a good example of how disease can affect a woman's quality of life.
* puts a woman at an increased risk of bone fractures.
* reduction in the amount of bone mass, related to bone fractures later in life.
* refers to reduced bone mass, disruption of bone architecture and fragility fractures.
* reflects serious systemic problems.
* requires balancing the body.
* result of an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation.
* resulting from drugs or another medical condition is known as secondary osteoporosis.
* reversible disease.
* serious and common complication of corticosteroid therapy at any age
  - disease and prevention is important
* serious disease that decreases bone density
  - is treatable in most individuals
* serious health problem that causes bones to lose mass and break easily
  - problem to be reckoned with among older folks
  - public health problem in the United States
* serious, disabling condition of the bones.
* significant contributor to broken bones in the elderly
  - problem that is usually preventable
  - side effect of long-term treatment with steroids
* silent disease in which bones become fragile and more likely to break.
* silent disease that leaches away bone tissue, leaving bones weak and brittle
  - progresses without symptoms until a fracture occurs
* silent disease, however
  - sometimes going undetected for many years until a fracture occurs
  - risk factor for fracture just as hypertension is for stroke
* silent, crippling, and often deadly disease
  - painless disease showing no symptoms until it has set in
* skeletal disease which is characterized by low bone mass
  - disorder that reduces bone density, making a woman prone to fractures
* slow progressive disease.
* special problem for women.
* symptom of the aging process.
* takes a long time to develop.
* tends to occur if hyperthyroidism left untreated
  - run in families
* thinning of bone that can lead to fractures
* treatable, and even preventable, disease
  - often preventable disease
* usually goes unnoticed until a bone is broken
  - fractures in the spine of hip occurs
* very common bone disease that affects older women and men
  - disorder affecting seven million people
  - complex disease where many different factors influence the rate of bone loss
  - debilitating disease, particularly in women
  - serious condition for millions of American women
* very serious disease caused by a loss of calcification of the bone
  - in which bones become brittle and can break easily
  - that affects millions of the elderly, especially women
* weakening of bone density.
* weakens bones because of a decrease in bone density
  - the bone, thereby increasing the risk of bone fracture
* widespread disease that is both life diminishing and life threatening.