### science | medicine | antiepileptic drug:

Phenytoin
* are drugs.
* binds preferentially to the inactive form of the sodium channel.
* can also depress the heart rate if it's injected too quickly
  - help to prevent seizures occurring during or after surgery
  - increase the hepatic metabolism of lorazepam, reducing lorazepam serum concentrations
  - lower the number and severity of seizures and stop one as it's happening
* decreases valproic acid plasma concentrations by increasing hepatic metabolism.
* highly effective and widely prescribed anticonvulsant agent.
* increases markers of osteogenesis for the human species in vitro and in vivo.
* induces metabolizing enzymes in the liver.
* inhibits the spread of seizure activity in the brain.
* is an anti-epileptic
  - apparently highly lipophillic, unlike aminoglycosides
  - associated with both dose-related side effects and hypersensitivity reactions
* is available in Canada by prescription only
  - a chewable tablet form for patients who have trouble swallowing pills
  - designed to stop the seizure from spreading
  - ineffective for febrile seizures
  - known to be a causal factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy
  - related to the barbiturates in chemical structure, but has a five-membered ring
  - taken by mouth or administered by injection in the hospital
  - teratogenic in mice and rats
  - the most commonly used hydantoin anticonvulsant
* is used for all types of seizure except absence , and produces a low degree of sedation
  - to control seizures
* provides prophylaxis against early posttraumatic seizure.

Valproic acid
* can cause false results in urine tests for ketones.
* is an antiepileptic drug

Antifungal medicine
* are usually effective, but relapses occur.
* come in three forms.

Antihypertensive
* are drugs used to treat high blood pressure.
* is medicine.
* work in various ways.

Antihypertensive drug
* All antihypertensive drugs are potentiated by general anesthetic agents, especially barbiturates.
* Many antihypertensive drugs have side effects, which makes management even more difficult.
* are the second most frequently prescribed drug in the United States.
* can slow the progression of kidney disease significantly.

### science | medicine | antihypertensive drug:

Clonidine
* blocks norepinephrine auto-receptors.
* decreases plasma catecholamines and improves outcome from incomplete ischemia in the rat.
* is an antihypertensive drug
* passes into breast milk.

Hydralazine
* is an antihypertensive drug
* relaxes blood vessels lowering blood pressure
  - the muscles that control the diameter of blood vessels

Prazosin
* passes into breast milk in small amounts.
* produces decrease in preload and afterload by alpha receptor blockade.

### science | medicine | antihypertensive drug:

Reserpine
* also combats irregular heartbeat and has a sedative effect.
* can antagonize the inhibitory effects of anticholinergic agents on gastric acid secretion.
* can cause miosis, which is slight, but can last up to a week after a single dose
  - various types of sexual dysfunction
* crosses the placental barrier.
* decreases catecholamines since the catecholamines end up getting degraded by enzymes.
* diminishes the activity of levodopa
  - effects of levodopa
* is an antihypertensive drug
  - which also has been used to treat schizophrenia
  - considered a sympathomimetic agent, one that targets the sympathetic nervous system
  - embryotoxic and has effects on reproduction
  - risky, as it can induce depression, impotence, sedation, and dizziness upon standing
  - the treatment of choice for choreatic tardive dyskinesia
* produces a tranquilizing effect by depletion of catecholamines in the brain.
* reduces the level of adrenalin-like substances in the body.