### substance | fiber | filament:

Myofibril
* Some myofibril is part of bicepses
  - quads
  - tricepses
* are composed of individual contractile proteins called myofillaments
  - cylindrical structures within muscle fibers
  - embedded in the sarcoplasm and are the particular mechanism of contractility
  - enveloped by a modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions
  - visible in the myocardium of the left ventricle
* consist of myosin filaments and actin filaments.
* contain two types of filaments.
* extract energy provided by the mitochondria.
* includes cytoskeletons
  - sarcomeres
* vary in size, depending upon the number of myofilaments they contain.

### substance | fiber | filament:

Rhizoid
* Most rhizoids absorb nutrients.
* Some rhizoids absorb nourishment
  - perform functions
* also absorb water but totally lack vascular tissues
  - influence water and mineral uptake
* anchor the gametophyte to the substrate.
* anchor the prothallus and absorb water and nutrients
  - to the soil
* are also present
  - important in penetrating a substance, giving anchorage and absorbing nutrients
  - like root hairs and they are specialized for the absorption of water
  - photosynthetic organs of bryophytes
  - present in some of unicellular forms
* are produced below the thickened area of the thallus
  - in marginal groups
  - single-celled structures which function to anchor the plant
  - unicellular and unbranched and are of two types - smooth and tuberculate
  - usually present
* can be important taxonomic characters.
* form at the base of the gametophore.
* function as roots.
* further agree with root- hairs in exhibiting very pronounced apical growth.
* help in fixation.
* usually arise from the cortical cells of the stem, but can occasionally grow out of leaves.

### substance | fiber | filament | rhizoid:

Rootlike rhizoid
* absorb materials and anchor the plants.
* anchor the plants and absorb materials from the substratum.

Thick filament
* Some thick filament is produced by germinate spores
  - moss spores
* are composed mostly of myosin protein and reside near the center of the sarcomere.
* consist almost entirely of myosin.

Thin filament
* consist of two strands of actin and one strand of regulatory protein coiled together.
* contain the proteins troponin, tropomyosin, actin and titin.
* enter the dense bodies suggesting a role similar to Z-lines in striated muscle.
* occupy the central portion of a band of the sarcomere b.

Flax fiber
* are among the oldest and strongest known to man
  - made into linen textiles which are soft, lustrous and very water-absorbent
  - stronger when they are wet
* have similar characteristics.
* is used to make linen and the seed is pressed for oil.

Glass fiber
* Some glass fiber has conductivity.
* Some glass fiber has high conductivity
  - thermal conductivity

### substance | fiber:

Hemp fiber
* are longer, stronger, more absorbent and more mildew-resistant than cotton fibers.
* can actually make a stronger and lighter composite plastic than fiberglass.
* come from the inner bark of the stalks.
* is about three times stronger than cotton and more abrasion resistant
  - durable and strong
  - employed in making everything from canvas and rope to clothing and textiles
  - longer, stronger, more absorbent and more insulative than cotton fiber
  - more expensive than linen
  - natures longest, strongest, and most durable fiber
* is one of the strongest and most durable of all natural textile fibers
  - natural fibers on earth
* is used for textiles, rope, and paper
  - in the mud walls
* makes clothing that breathes and accepts dye better than other natural fibers.
* needs little more than nitrogen to grow.
* remain unchanged at extreme cold and warm temperatures.