ontocord/MixtureVitae-genericsKB huggingface dataset:
### element:

Boron
* Some boron excretes in urine.
* absorbs fast neutrons very well and thus makes an ideal control material in nuclear reactors.
* accumulates in plants and is found in foods, mainly fruits and vegetables
  - the leaves as they age so symptoms usually appear on older leaves first
* affects magnesium and calcium metabolism in the rat.
* amounts in the soil is directly proportional to the amount of organic matter.
* forms several commercially important compounds.
* has benefits
  - functions
  - health benefits
  - many benefits
* helps brain function, healthy bones, and can increase alertness
  - maintain calcium levels in the body once it is absorbed
  - to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis and build muscle
* includes atoms.
* increases ovule longevity, improves pollen tube growth and increases winter hardiness.
* interferes with the metabolism of phenols.
  - solids
* isotope marine geochemistry.
* kills thhe beneficial microbes that live in the termites gut.
* nitride has potential use in nanotechnology
  - remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond
  - is stable at air to approx
* occurs in all foods produced from plants.
* plays a major role in bone health
  - role in regulating the hormones, especially estrogen, but testosterone as well
* reacts with fused sodium hydroxide to form sodium borate and hydrogen.
* substitutes for carbon atoms in the diamond lattice, donating a hole into the valence band.

### element | boron:

Crystalline boron
* exists in many polymorphs.
* is transparent, brittle, a non-conductor, and nearly as hard as diamond.

Dietary boron
* affects blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentrations in humans
  - molybdenum and magnesium metabolism in the cholecalciferol deficient chick
* modifies the effects of thiamine nutriture in the male rat.
### element:

Hydrogen
* All hydrogen containing molecules show hydrogen bonding
  - hydrogens bonded to I.C.s are fragments
* More hydrogen is consumed in fusion reactions and converted to helium.
* Most hydrogen has mass
  - values
* Most hydrogen is in molecular form in hot stars
  - used in the production of ammonia and in metal refining
* Some hydrogen combines with metal
* Some hydrogen has charge
  - negative charge
* Some hydrogen has partial charge
  - positive charge
  - thermal conductivity
  - produces electricity
  - still exists around the helium core, in a spherical shell
* can appear in the structure.
* catches fire easily.
* combines with nitrogen.
* disperses quickly
  - rapidly in normal open environments
* is located in air
  - chemistry labs
  - oceans
  - universes
  - near stars
  - made of subatomic particles
  - part of water
* perxoide is stable at room temperature.
+ Sigmatropic reaction, Overview of Sigmatropic Shifts, Woodward-Hoffman Sigmatropic Shift Nomenclature: Rearrangement reactions
  * A special notation is used to describe sigmatropic shifts. Each of the carbon atoms on the backbone of the molecule are assigned a position number. When the sum of i and j is an even number, this is an indication of the involvement of a neutral, all C atom chain. An odd number suggests that there is a charged C atom or of a heteroatom lone pair replacing a carbon-carbon double bond. Hydrogens are omitted in the third example for clarity.

### element | hydrogen:

Atomic hydrogen
* is composed of an electron electrically bound to a proton forming neutral hydrogen.
* powerful reductive agent, even at ambient temperature.

Metallic hydrogen
* appears more like mercury.
* is known to exist in the cores of Jupiter and Saturn.

Neutral hydrogen
* normal hydrogen atom with one proton and one electron.
* normal, electrically neutral hydrogen atom with one proton and one electron.

### element | hydrogen:

Pure hydrogen
* is produced anaerobically and converted to electricity via a solid-oxide fuel cell
  - used as the anode fuel, air is used as the cathode feed
  - very uncommon in the Earth's atmosphere
+ Hydrogen, Hydrogen in nature: Nonmetals
  * Pure hydrogen is very uncommon in the Earth's atmosphere. In nature, it is usually in water. Hydrogen is also in all living things, as a part of the organic compounds that living things are made of. In addition, hydrogen atoms can combine with carbon atoms to form hydrocarbons. Petroleum and other fossil fuels are made of these hydrocarbons and commonly used to create energy for human use.
### element:

Iodine
* More iodine deepens color and more vinegar lightens.
* Most iodine has weight
  - increases excretion
  - now is extracted from seawater
  - reacts with starches
* Some iodine combines with starches
  - has properties
  - intake leads to thyroid problems
* attaches to insulin receptors and improves glucose metabolism.
* changes color in the presence of starch.
* concentrates in the thyroid gland when inhaled or eaten.
* dissolves only slightly in water.
* enters thyroids.
* includes atoms.
* is an element
  - chemical elements
  - located in backpacks
  - solids
* regulates growth and metabolism.
* stains hands and clothes and is toxic.
* tends to be concentrated in the Earth's crust in only a few places.
* turns colorless when mixed with a reducing agent
  - starch blue
+ Iodine, Preparation: Halogens :: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals
  * Kelp was burned and the iodine extracted from the ashes in the 18th and 19th century, but now it is not good enough for common use. Most iodine now is extracted from seawater. Chlorine is reacted with seawater to change the iodide to iodine. Air is blown over the water to evaporate the iodine. Then the iodine is reduced with sulfur dioxide to hydriodic acid. Then the hydriodic acid is oxidized with chlorine again to make iodine. This process is repeated until the iodine is pure
  - Uses
  * Some metals are purified using their iodides. Silver iodide is used in photographic film and cloud seeding. Erythrosine is a food coloring that has iodine in it. Iodine can be used to make illegal drugs so it is restricted in some areas. Iodine can be used as a test for reducing agents. Iodine turns colorless when mixed with a reducing agent. Iodine also turns black when mixed with starch. Iodides become colored when mixed with oxidizing agents

### element | iodine:

Radioactive iodine
* affects the thyroid gland.
* by-product of some types of nuclear reactors.
* can cross the placenta and it can destroy thyroid cells in the fetus.
* causes fatal thyroid cancer.
* decreases the function of thyroid cells and inhibits their ability to grow.
* has a short half-life, so the radioactivity disappears within a few days.
* is absorbed by the body from air, food or drink, especially cows' milk.
* is given as a drink along with water
  - either in a capsule or in a tasteless solution in water
  - injected to treat feline hyperthyroidism
  - known to concentrate in the thyroid gland
  - more toxic than many other radionuclides
* is taken orally
  - up and metabolized by the thyroid in exactly the same way
  - the preferred treatment for many cats
* provides a simple and safe treatment for hyperthyroidism.
* treatments as well as surgery tend to produce hypothyroidism.

Mendelevium
* are chemical elements
  - radioactive substances
* has no biological role
  - commercial applications, but remains of interest to science researchers
  - naturally occurring isotopes
  - part of the actinide series
  - produced through charged-particle of lighter elements in particle accelerators
  - radioactive and therefore considered harmful
* metal of the actinide series in group IIIb of the periodic table.
### element | metal:

Berkelium
* has few uses.
* has no biological role
  - naturally occurring isotopes
* is in such meager amounts worldwide that there are no known uses
  - produced by cyclotron bombardment
  - radioactive and only available in very small amounts
  - the eighth member of the actinide transition series
* radioactive metallic element that member of the actinide group of elements.
* silvery-white highly radioactive metal.
* soft, silvery-white, radioactive actinide metal
* transuranic member of the actinide series, with a silvery-white appearance.
### element | metal | beryllium:

Pure beryllium
* hard grayish metal that chemical component of certain kinds of rocks.
* is obtained by chemically reducing beryl mineral.

### element | metal:

Bismuth
* are chemical elements
  - metallic elements
  - minerals
* combines slowly with oxygen at room temperature.
* forms fascinating patterns when it crystallizes and is heavier than lead.
* is metal
* reacts with sulfur when molten as well.
+ Bismuth, Properties, Chemical properties: Metals :: Chemical elements
  * Bismuth is somewhat similar to antimony. This makes the colors on the crystals. It does not oxidize any more than the oxide layer. Bismuth reacts with sulfur when molten as well.

Black metal
* is also very controversial , especially in Norway
  - an extreme subgenre and subculture of heavy metal music
* tends to be misanthropic and hostile to modern society.
  * is also very controversial, especially in Norway. During the early 1990s, certain black metal musicians burned old churches in Norway.

### element | metal:

Cadmium
* All cadmiums are opaque.
* Most cadmium is obtained as a by-product from zinc refinement
  - by-product of zinc refinement
  - stays where it enters the environment for a long time
* Some cadmium has conductivity
  - thermal conductivity
  - sulfides have resistance
* Some cadmium sulfides react with other substances
* cause prostate cancer.
* includes atoms.
* interferes with the metabolism of zinc-one of the sedative minerals.
* is chemical elements
  - metallic elements
  - transition metal
* make short buttery paints.
### element | metal:

Chromium
* Most chromium has values
  - reaches the ground through gravity and air turbulence
* decreases weight yet increases lean body mass.
* includes atoms.
* is chemical elements
  - metallic elements
  - transition metal
* oligopeptide activates insulin receptor kinase activity.
* regulates sugar metabolism and insulin.
* stimulates weight loss.
* works best if taken before meals
  - closely with insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells
  - to metabolize sugar into energy and to bring protein to where it is needed
  - with insulin in assisting cells to take in glucose and release energy

### element | metal | chromium:

Chrome
* hydrate is used in bar soaps and eye shadow.
* is chromium
  - solid metal
  - video games
* refers to an application's user interface elements, such as toolbars, menus and status bars.
* tends to discolor in time.

Hexavalent chromium
* can be toxic to people at low levels.
* causes cancer.
* highly toxic material as well as a suspected carcinogen.
* human carcinogen and is classified as a dangerous waste.
* know allergen to some people.
* potent human carcinogen and is known to cause lung cancer.
* potential carcinogen.
* toxic chemical added to water used to cool reactors.

Supplemental chromium
* can help support proper blood sugar metabolism.
* is supposed to help stabilize blood sugar.
* reduces blood glucose levels.
* seems to reduce blood glucose levels.

Trivalent chromium
* is an essential trace mineral that the human body requires in small amounts
  - less toxic than hexavalent chromium
* occurs in trace amounts in foods, wine and water.
### element | metal:

Different metal
* corrode at different rates when exposed to the elements.
* have different chemical properties and thus require different fluxes
  - threshold frequencies
  - their own methods of extraction
* perform different catalytic reactions under identical circumstances.
* produce different colors of flame
  - tones

### element | metal:

Erbium
* are chemical elements
  - metallic elements
* bright, soft, malleable, silvery-white metal.
* has no biological role but is said to stimulate the metabolism
  - several important properties that make it an excellent choice for an optical amplifier
* is added to fiber optic cables as a doping agent where it is used as a signal amplifier
  - alloyed with vanadium to make it softer and easier to shape
* is also available in soluble forms including chlorides , nitrates and acetates
  - soft, malleable and has a bright, metallic luster
  - considered to be moderately toxic
  - extracted by using a sulfuric acid treatment
  - fairly stable in air
* is found in monazite sand ores
  - the minerals under dysprosium
  - obtained by separating yttria, found in the mineral gadolinite, into three parts
  - of importance to the technology of optical amplification in glass fibers
  - on the rare-earth elements and is found in the same minerals as Dysprosium
* is one of the more abundant rare-earth elements
  - such element, that belongs to a group known as the 'rare earth metals'
* is used in alloys especially with vanadium to decrease the hardness of metals
  - color phopsphors
  - photographic filters to absorb infrared light
  - producing pink glazes in ceramics
* metal with few uses.
* occurs mostly in the same mineral s and in the same areas as dysprosium.
* soft, malleable, lustrous, silvery metal.
* solid rare-earth element of the lanthenide series.
* usually has a grayish-silver tint with pink spots.

Europium
* heavy element ion often present in nuclear waste because it fission product.
* is about as hard as lead and is quite ductile
  - also water-reactive
  - found in many minerals including bastnasite, monazite, xenotime and loparite
* is one of the elements used to make the red color in CRT televisions
  - rarest and most costly of the rare-earth metals
* silvery-white rare earth belonging to the lanthanide group.
* soft silvery metal, both are and expensive.
### element | metal:

Gadolinium
* also has medical uses.
* bright, soft, silvery-white metal that is both ductile and malleable.
* candidate radiosensitizer and neutron capture agent.
* contrast agent which helps define structures with high resolution.
* has a shiny metallic luster with a slight yellowish tint
  - applications in magnetic resonance imaging and neutron capture therapy
* has no biological role but is said to stimulate the metabolism
  - large-scale applications but has a variety of specialized uses
  - primary purpose, but instead, it has multiple special uses
  - seventeen isotopes
  - the highest thermal neutron capture cross-section of any known element
  - unusual superconductive properties, and a distinctively high magnetic moment
* is also available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates
  - attacked by dilute acids
  - considered to be moderately toxic
  - found with other rare earths in the mineral gadolinite
  - injected into the blood stream
  - paramagnetic and non toxic
  - silvery white, has a metallic lustre, and is is malleable and ductile
* is the best neutron absorber and is used in nuclear reactors
  - element that comes from the earth, gadolinia
  - use as a trivalent actinide homolog
* is used in control rods in nuclear power plants
  - the production of television phosphors
* is used to locate tumors in the inner ear
  - make gadolinium yttrium garnets which have microwave applications
  - very safe and has very few side effects
* rare earth element
  - metal, found in the earths crust, and is solid at room temperature
* strong reducing agent , which reduces oxides of several metals into their elements.
### element | metal:

Gold metal
* brings more fish to the net than silver or brass.
* has a distinctive yellow color and is incredibly malleable and ductile.

### element | metal | gold:

Alluvial gold
* is gold that is found above the ground.
+ Gold, Alluvial gold: Gold
  * Alluvial gold is gold that is found above the ground. Edward Hargraves was an Australian man who discovered gold in Australia.

Cloth of gold
* goes back to biblical times.
* metal thread that is woven on a linen wrap.

Gold dust
* blinds all eyes.
* is gold.

Gold plating
* covers the surfaces of circuit boards and connectors.
* is over brass or other
  - real gold with the correct color to give an authentic appearance
  - recommended for environments where additional corrosion resistance is needed
  - used to improve reflectivity and corrosion resistance

Placer gold
* Most placer gold is found close to bedrock.
* can range from light yellow to a dull, coppery yellow.
* exists as fines, scales, flakes, grains, and nuggets.

Pure gold
* has a yellow glow to it.
* is also a very soft metal
  - bright yellow and has a high luster
  - softer than lead - so it has to be alloyed with other metals
  - the most malleable and ductile of all the metals
  - very soft, ductile, and can be used at elevated temperatures

### element | metal | gold:

White gold
* can take on a yellowish cast over the years.
* contains palladium and silver.
* has very little or no copper in it.
* is alloy
  - also an affordable substitute for platinum
* is an alloy of gold and some white metals such as nickel, silver and palladium
  - decolourised by the addition of palladium
  - with silver, palladium, nickel and copper
  - gold, copper, nickel, and zinc
  - harder than yellow gold
  - made by combining gold with copper, nickel and zinc
  - melted down and poured into a cast
  - stronger than yellow but is also more brittle
  - yellow gold mixed with white metals and the resulting mix has problems
* looks very similar to platinum, but the two have very different properties and prices.
* typically a mixture of gold, silver, zinc, palladium and other metals.

Heated metal
* is dipped into a container of plastic powder or dust.
* tend to oxidize rapidly.
### element | metal:

Heavy metal
* Many heavy metals BIND to tissues.
* Most heavy metals are also excellent conductors
  - toxic to the body
* See toxic metals.
* Some heavy metal causes health problems
  - major health problems
* Some heavy metals can cause cancer after long or heavy exposures
  - share a long history with microbes
* accumulate in marina sediments
  - through food ingestion and by incidental soil ingestion of soil
* are a concern with some sludge composts
  - threat to human health and ecosystem health
* are also among the important offending agents capable of producing nephrotoxicity
  - natural components of the Earth's crust
  - among the most harmful of the elemental pollutants
  - elements from a variety of natural and human sources
  - hard to remove from the body because they are so reactive
  - hazardous both as dusts and as fumes
  - highly disruptive to normal brain function
  - natural constituents of the Earth's crust
  - potentially cytotoxic, caricinogenic and mutagenic
  - relatively immobile and remain in soils long after sludge applications have ceased
  - the group of elements that include lead, mercury, copper and others
* are the most dangerous metals
  - types of air pollutants and include mercury, lead and cadmium
  - thought of as active ingredients by advocates of Indian herbal medicinal products
  - toxic to aquatic life and can potentially contaminate ground water
  - unlikely to be present in sufficient levels to cause problems with short term use
  - well known toxic agents for living organisms
* are, in general, foreign to the body.
* attach to sulfhydryl groups.
* can build up in animal and plant tissues and can be highly toxic
  - cause blood disorders and affect vital organs such as the liver and the kidneys
  - definately affect the immune system
  - have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems, the food chain, and human health
* cause neurological problems
  - proteins to precipitate, causing depth
  - the most problems, since even low doses are toxic
* damage the liver, kidneys, and reproductive organs as well as being carcinogenic.
* enter the environment from a variety of sources.
* get into the civilian population via the air and food chain.
* have different effects on fish.
* is about screaming vocals, loud drums, heavy guitars and lightning fast solos
  - alloy
  - magazines
  - metallic elements
  - music
  - rock music
  - used to increase the chances of intercepting gamma rays
* pose a significant hazard to the environment and human health.
* react to form less soluble sulfides or sulfide-coated particles
  - sulfides or sulfidecoated particles which are less soluble
* tend to accumulate in fish livers.
* uptake in bryozoans.

### element | metal | iron:

Absorbed iron
* Most absorbed iron is utilized in bone marrow for erythropoiesis.
* is bound in the bloodstream by the glycoprotein named transferrin.
### element | metal | iron:

Iron supplementation
* holds the promise of decreasing the rate of donor presentations with anemia.
* improves appetite and growth in anemic Kenyan primary school children
  - endurance after training in iron-depleted, nonanemic women
* increases prevalence and effects of malaria.
* reduces iron absorption from food
  - symptoms

Low iron
* can be a common problem in pregnancy.
* common cause of fatigue.
* leads to anemia because iron is needed to produce hemoglobin.

Pig iron
* Most pig iron is converted to steel by the basic oxygen process.
* Some pig irons contain carbon.
* is an iron

### element | metal | iron:

Putter
* Most putters have a very fine sweet spot that runs vertically up the face of the putter.
* are golf clubs
  - golfers
* come in a vast array of sizes and metals
  - many sizes and shapes
* have rounded edges, are lighter and are usually made from a softer, rubbery material.
+ Golf, Clubs
  * The four different  types of clubs used in golf are woods, irons, putters and wedges. There are many types of irons, which can be used to hit varying distances. They are numberd 1-9 with a 1 iron hitting the ball farther then a 9. The 1 iron is no longer common in the game. Even the 2 iron is getting uncommon. Putters are used when on the green. The rules do not let the golfer use over 14 clubs in a game..

### element | metal | iron:

Wrought iron
* Most wrought iron sold today, in fact, is mild steel.
  * This gives it a fibrous look similar to how wood looks. It is tough, malleable, ductile, and can be welded easily. It was most common in the old days when cast iron was the only other type of iron. Now mild steel is used instead. If it contains too much sulfur, it becomes very brittle when heated. Wrought iron has a rough surface that can hold paint and zinc for galvanization much more easily.
* are irons.
* can look good for many years if it is touched up whenever bare metal is exposed.
* commerical form of iron that is especially sturdy, malleable and relatively soft.
* fibrous iron-based material.
  - the lowest carbon content
* is also much more resistant to rust and therefore lasts longer than cast iron
  - characterized by the presence of fine fibers of slag entrapped within the metal
  - generally fatigue resistant because it is so tough
* is made from cast iron by melting it on a bed of iron oxide
  - in a forge
  - more corrosion resistant than steel
* is the purest form of iron generally encountered or produced in quantity
  - stuff a blacksmith works with to create tools, horseshoes, and so on
  - tough and easy to work, making it perfect for creating tools in a blacksmith shop
* is used for decorative items
  - primarily in fences, railings, screens and ornamental ironwork
  - very flexible, bends easily, but is too soft to hold an edge
* metal with high tensile strength and elasticity.
* suitable material for furniture.
* very special form of iron.

Lanthanum
* Most lanthanum is extracted from monazite sands.
* is metal
* reacts with water to form lanthanum hydroxide plus hydrogen gas.
### element | metal | manganese:

Pure manganese
* is made by reacting the manganese ore with sulfuric acid and electrolyzing it.
+ Manganese, Preparation: Chemical elements :: Metals
  * Manganese is normally made in an alloy with steel. This is made by mixing manganese ore and iron ore in a furnace and reducing it with carbon. This forms an alloy called ferromanganese. Pure manganese is made by reacting the manganese ore with sulfuric acid and electrolyzing it.
### element | metal:

Nickel alloy
* Some nickel alloys are among the toughest structural materials known.
* are characterized by strength, ductility, and resistance to corrosion and heat
  - corrosion resistant in many environments, especially alkaline rich situations
* can be hot or cold worked.

### element | metal | nickel:

Electroless nickel
* becomes harder with an increase in temperature.
* is considered a very strong yet brittle material
  - used extensively in salvage of mismachined parts
* plating of all water channels is recommened to inhibit rust.

### element | metal | nickel:

Nickel silver
* is alloy
  - another zinc alloy
  - copper, nickel, and zinc
  - more retardant to corrosion and is used commonly for valve casings
* metal alloy containing nickel, copper and zinc.
* unique alloy with a low tarnish factor.
+ Zinc, Uses, As a metal: Chemical elements :: Transition metals
  * Brass is the most common zinc alloy. Zinc can form alloys with many other metals. Zinc aluminium is an alloy of zinc and aluminium, which makes good bearings. Commercial bronze has zinc in it. Sometimes cadmium telluride is reacted with zinc to make cadmium zinc telluride, a semiconductor. Nickel silver is another zinc alloy.

Raney nickel
* finely-divided alloy of nickel and aluminum, suspended in water.
* is known to generate hydrogen when the dry powder is mixed with water.

Niobium
* finds use as a constituent of alloy steels.
* is metal
* looks like steel or, when polished, like platinum.
* occurs primarily in two minerals, columbite and pyrochlore.

### element | metal | niobium:

Pure niobium
* has excellent characteristics as a construction material in nuclear power plants.
* is soft and ductile.

Noble metal
* Most noble metal has electrochemical potential.
* Some noble metal includes copper.
* are metals that are resistant to corrosion or oxidation , unlike most base metals
  - very strong and very durable against chemicals, water, and air
* tend to wet poorly, forming raised beads.

Non metal
* conducts electricity.
* make great insulators for electricity conduits.
### element | metal:

Palladium
* Most palladium is used for catalytic converters in the automobile industry.
* Some palladium is emitted with the exhaust gases of cars with catalytic converters.
  * has similar chemistry to platinum. Its main use is as a catalyst and also in jewellery.
* acts as a catalyst to the reaction.
* also absorbs hydrogen gas, forming palladium hydride.
* are chemical elements
  - metallic elements
  - transition metal
* can occurs as a natural alloy with other platinum-group metals.
* common component of crown and bridge metals.
* does however have a genuine use in 'green' energy, as a catalyst in hydrogen fuel cells.
* grey metal with very similar properties to platinum.
* has an unusual tendency to pick up such gases as hydrogen , and oxygen
  - little environmental impact
  - no biological role
* is also available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates
  - combined with gold to create dental alloys
  - an extremely white metal and is by far the dominant colour, so white gold is achieved
  - attacked by nitric and sulfuric acid
  - available in elemental form as palladium black, and a variety of metal shaped ingots
  - is durable, resists oxidation, is engravable, and lasts a lifetime
  - listed as a potent carcinogen
  - much less dense than platinum
  - of interest as an oxidation catalyst for applications such as methane combustion
  - regarded as of low toxicity, being poorly adsorbed by the body when ingested
  - still a bridal metal
* is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of sulfuric acid
  - an alloy in jewelry, mostly in the production of white gold
* is used in alloys with gold or platinum in expensive jewelry
  - catalytic converters in cars to reduce pollution
  - everything from cell phones to dental work, but auto makers dominate demand
  - other applications by the electrical, dental, chemical, and jewelry industries
  - the manufacture of mobile telephones and car exhausts
* key ingredient in the catalytic converters that control harmful car emissions.
* lustrous silver-white metal.
* metal with low toxicity.
* resembles platinum chemically.
* silver-white metal that is both ductile and malleable.
* soft silver-white metal that resembles platinum.
* soft, white metal.
+ Palladium (band), Musical Style: English musical groups
  * Palladium get ideas from a wide range of music. Pink Floyd, The Police, Toto, Fleetwood Mac, Stevie Wonder and Hall and Oates have all been mentioned by the band. They have also played at Godolphin and Latymer School in Hammersmith.
### element | metal | platinum:

Pure platinum
* has all the desirably properties except hardness.
* is used in a wide range of diverse applications.
### element | metal:

Rhodium
* also has a number of radioactive isotopes.
* has a higher melting point and lower density than platinum
  - very high melting point and good electrical conductivity
  - no biological role
* is considered to be non-toxic
  - extracted as a by-product of platinum and nickel mining
* is used as a catalyst in some platinum alloys
  - plating metal in jewelry production to enhance the whiteness of white gold
* is used in automobile catalysts and as an alloyed agent with platinum
  - catalysts, alloyed with platinum
  - primarily to make alloys with other metals. * as a catalyst in some platinum alloys. Accessed 19 November 2006

Rubidium
* Most rubidium is recovered from the byproducts of lithium-refining operations.
* is metal

### element | metal:

Ruthenium
* are chemical elements
  - metallic elements
  - transition metal
* belongs in the platinum group of metals.
* hard, silvery-white metal with a shiny surface.
* hard, white metal and has four crystal modifications
* is after the Latin word for Russia while Osmium is from the Greek word for odor, osme
  - also available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates
  - extremely resistant to acids
  - immune to concentrated acids, but can be dissolved by household bleach
  - insoluble in aqua regia, but addition of potasisum chlorate causes explosive oxidation
  - useful in hardening platinum and palladium as an alloy
* member of the platinum group.
* precious metal similar to platinum.

### element | metal:

Samarium
* also has a high neutron absorption capacity
  - long history in the nuclear industry
* bright, fairly hard, silvery white metal.
* compound of monazite and bastnaesite.
* fairly reactive metal.
* has no biological role but is said to stimulate the metabolism.
* is also available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates
  - considered to be moderately toxic
  - regarded as a relatively abundant lanthanide
* is the fifth most abundant of the rare elements and is almost four times as common as tin
  - hardest and most brittle of the rare earth elements
* is used as a catalyst in certain organic reactions
  - for carbon-arc lighting for the motion picture industry
  - in carbon-arc lamps
* is used to dope calcium fluoride crystal for use in optical lasers or lasers
  - crystals for use in optical masers or lasers
* lustrous silver-white metal.
* silvery-white metal belonging to the lanthanide group of the periodic table.
### element | metal:

Scandium
* metal in a group known as the transition metals. It is also a rare earth metal. What this means is that there is not very much scandium found in the earth. Because of this, the pure metal can be expensive. The pure metal is very reactive, and will react with other elements like oxygen. The metal turns from shiny to gray
* causes the blue-green color in aquamarine gems.
* does conduct electricity.
* is also the source of artificial natural light.
* is apparently a much more abundant element in the sun and certain stars than here on earth
  - element in the sun and certain stars than on earth
  - considered to be of low toxicity
  - found in relatively greater abundance in the sun and certain stars than on earth
  - similar to the rare earth elements chemically
* is the first of the transition metals
  - transition metal with the lowest atomic number
  - used in alloys to add strength, remain light weight, and also has a high melting point
* moderately abundant element.
* reacts rapidly with many acids
* relatively soft, silver-white metal.
* silvery metal that is soft and has a density of about three times that of water
  - white, moderately soft metal
* silvery-white metal that develops a yellow or pink tint when exposed to air.
* soft metal with a silvery appearance
  - silvery metal that develops a slight yellow or pink cast when exposed to air
* soft, silvery transition element which occurs in rare minerals from Scandinavia.
* solid metallic chemical element and sometimes reffered to as a rare earth element.
* very light, relatively soft metal
  - lightweight, silvery white metal that is fairly soft
  - rare, expensive, and lightweight metal
### element | metal:

Sodium metal
* is all too happy to donate an electron in most circumstances
  - produced by the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride
  - reacted with it
  - soft enough to be cut with a plastic knife
  - with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
+ Potassium chloride, Uses: Potassium compounds :: Chlorine compounds
  * It is used to make potassium metal. Potassium chloride is heated very hot until it melts. Sodium metal is reacted with it. The sodium metal melts and boils to make sodium gas. The sodium gas reacts with the potassium chloride to make potassium gas and sodium chloride. It can be electrolyzed in a water solution to make potassium hydroxide. It is used in food processing. It can be used to execute people in a lethal injection.

### element | metal | sodium:

Dietary sodium
* exerts an important influence on calcium balance and bone acquisition.
* is measured in milligrams.

### element | metal | sodium:

Excess sodium
* Some excess sodium has effects
  - harmful effects
  - other harmful effects
* can also elevate blood pressure in salt-sensitive people
  - lead to high blood pressure to which gout sufferers are prone
* holds excess water, resulting in increased blood volume.
* is as important a calcium-waster as excess protein
  - associated with water retention and high blood pressure
* raises blood pressure in many people and has other harmful effects.
* shows up as an interveinal leaf burn along with twig dieback.

Metallic sodium
* has limited use.
* is dissolved in the mix and toxins are neutralized almost immediately.
* is vital in the manufacture of esters and in the preparation of organic compounds

Sodium sulfacetamide
* can cause reddening and scaling of the skin.
* inhibits bacterial growth.
* sulfonamide with antibacterial activity.

Sulfacetamide sodium
* inhibits metabolic activities in the bacteria.
* is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections
  - incompatible with silver preparations

Solid metal
* Most solid metals are more flexible than black walnut shells.
* is metal
  - solid objects
  - solids
* move with changes in temperature.

### element | metal | solid metal:

Galvanized metal
* is solid metal.
* is used chiefly on products such as pipe, nails, wire, container etc
  - in such products as roof gutters and tank linings
* touching aluminum causes corrosion.

Structural metal
* Most structural metals have considerable ductility and fracture toughness.
* lose ductility and shock resistance in extreme cold temperature environments.
### element | metal | tin:

Ordinary tin
* is composed of nine stable isotopes.
* silver-white metal, is malleable, ductile, and has a highly crystalline structure
  - malleable, somewhat ductile, highly crystalline structure

Pure tin
* is ductile and malleable
  - soft which is why it needs to be mixed with other metals
* metal of attractive silvery appearance, rather soft compared with many other metals.

Tin plating
* improves the chemical adhesion of all metal crowns, particularly precious metal.
* is done by dipping clean sheets of mild steel into molten tin, or by electroplating.

White tin
* has a tetragonal structure.
* is the normal form of the metal and has many uses.
* very shiny, ductile and malleable metal.
### element | metal:

Yttrium
* also dissolves oxygen gas in relatively high concentrations.
* are chemical elements
  - transition metal
* can occur as a by-product of nuclear fission.
* currently has no biological role, and it can be highly toxic to humans and other animals.
* fairly common rare earth element and serves an extremely broad range of functions.
* has a bright, silvery surface, like most other metals
  - silver-metallic luster and is relatively stable in air
  - silvery-metallic lustre
* has the highest affinity for oxygen of any element
  - thermodynamic affinity for oxygen of any element
* highly crystalline iron-gray metal.
* is also available in soluble forms including yttrium chloride , nitrate and acetate
  - difficult to separate from other rare earth elements
  - fairly stable in air but oxidizes readily when heated
* is found in most rare earth minerals and some uranium ores
  - rare-earth minerals
  - the first rare earth element discovered
* is used as a catalyst in ethylene polymerization
  - deoxidizer for vanadium and other nonferrous metals
  - red phosphor in television screens
  - for red phosphorus in color TV's
  - in red phosphors in televisions
* moderately abundant element in the Earth's crust.
* never occurs in nature as a free element.
* occurs in most rare earth minerals
  - nearly all of the rare-earth minerals
* rare earth metal and rare earth metals are finding more and more industrial uses.
* reacts with water to form yttrium hydroxide plus hydrogen gas.
* shiny metal with a very low light transmission.
* silvery rare earth metal.
* silvery, ductile metal.
* soft, silvery metal.
### element | metal | zinc:

Zinc supplementation
* can prevent both immediate DNA strand breakage and early and delayed apoptosis.
* enhances the immune function and aids healing.
* improves glucose disposal in patients with cirrhosis.
* is also useful in some cases of male infertility
  - reported to help some dogs, as well
* produces significant increases in superoxide dismutase activity.
* reduces size and symptoms of prostate trouble in the majority of patients.

Zinc toxicity
* can cause feather picking, seizures and even death.
* causes a severe hemolytic anemia.
* newly discovered consideration in the safety of our birds.
* thresholds for important reclamation grass species of the western United States.

Zirconium
* are chemical elements
  - metallic elements
  - transition metal
* is metal
* moves heat reducing detonation and increasing the effective oxidation of fuel.

Metallic element
* Most metallic elements react with elements
  - nonmetallic elements
* are also capable of being in several non-metallic forms
* have weaker attractions for electrons than the nonmetals.
* is an element
* tend to lose their outermost electrons.

Natural element
* All natural elements absorb and release electromagnetic radiation at a certain fixed frequency.
* Most natural elements have chemical properties

Neon
* Most neon has color
  - mass
  - red color
* are small, but they can take newborn guppies
  - voracious egg eaters
* eat most flake foods and small live, freeze-dried, and frozen foods.
* includes atoms.
  - arachnids
  - chemical elements
  - gases
  - light
  - noble gases
### element:

Nonmetal
* Many nonmetals can gain metallic properties under very high pressures
  - react with oxygen to form oxides as well
  - do bond together
  - have less stable allotropes , with either nonmetallic or metallic properties
* Most nonmetals are brittle.
* also have some observable physical properties
  - react with it
* are poor conducters of heat and electricity.
* combine with each other to form covalent compounds , which exist as neutral molecules.
* form acidic oxides.
* gain electrons easily to form anions.
* generally have a high electron affinity.
* have a tendency to gain electrons to fill up the outermost level
  - high values of electronegativity and are electron receptors, and tend to be anions
* includes atoms.
* is an element
  - chemical elements
* prefer to fill up with electrons to achieve a full shell.
* tend to oxidize metals.
* typically form anions
  - have a high ionization energy
+ Oxygen difluoride, Reactions: Fluorine compounds
  * OF2 reacts with many metals. It produces oxides and fluorides. Nonmetals also react with it. Phosphorus reacts with OF2 to form PF5 and POF3. Sulfur produces SO2 and SF4 with it. A noble gas, xenon also reacts with it. It produces XeF4 and xenon oxyfluorides.

Nutrient element
* are A. conservative constituents in sea water.
* return to the abiotic reservoir via death, excretion, wastes.
### element:

Pel
* are regulatory limits on the amount or concentration of a substance in the air.
* is an element
* refer to airborne concentrations of substances and are averaged over an eight-hour day
* usually apply only to chemical concentrations in the air.

Phosphorus
* losses Phosphorus is strongly adsorbed by soil particles and readily retained in soil.
* provides energy for plants and promotes root development, growth, and fruiting.

### element | phosphorus:

Adequate phosphorus
* ensures healthy flowers and fruit development.
* promotes early forage production.

Black phosphorus
* is the least reactive allotrope and has a graphite-like structure
  - form of phosphorus and has no significant commercial uses
* looks like graphite powder.

Excessive phosphorus
* can move to rivers, ponds and lakes and promote the growth of algae and weeds.
* causes potassium imbalance and stunting of root growth.

High phosphorus
* intakes along with low calcium intakes also depress fertility.
* interferes with micronutrient absorption and nitrogen absorption.

Inorganic phosphorus
* comes from industrial waste and sewage.
* is the form required by plants.
* moves very little in soil.

Organic phosphorus
* comes from dead plant and animal material.
* is converted to orthophosphate by bacterial decomposition.
* part of living plants and animals.

Radioactive phosphorus
* can also determine how much blood is in a person's body.
* helps locate the presence of tumors in the brain, eyes, breasts, and skin.

### element | phosphorus:

Red phosphorus
* can burn but needs to be ignited.
* component in one of several recipes for the drug.
* is far more stable than the white form
  - made by heating white phosphorus under controlled conditions
  - much safer
* is used in making matches
  - matches and flares
  - safety matches, fireworks, smoke bombs and pesticides
* microcrystalline, nonpoisonous powder.
* red powder.
* results when white phosphorus is heated or exposed to sunlight.
+ Phosphorus, Properties, Chemical properties: Chemical elements
  * White phosphorus is more reactive than red phosphorus. When white phosphorus is heated in an alkali, it disproportionates to produce hypophosphites and phosphine. Red phosphorus can burn but needs to be ignited. Phosphorus reacts with the halogens to make phosphorus halides. It reacts with some metals to make phosphides
  * White phosphorus is very dangerous. It is very toxic and ignites easily, burning with a very hot flame. Red phosphorus is much safer. Some phosphorus compounds are toxic, but the common phosphates are not toxic
  - Uses, As an element
  * White phosphorus is used in incendiary weapons and smoke grenades. It is also used to make organic compounds that have phosphorus in them. Phosphorus is used to dope semiconductors. Phosphorus is used to remove oxygen from copper. It is also used in making alloys. Red phosphorus is used in matches and flares
### element | phosphorus:

White phosphorus
* burns rapidly in air to form phosphoric oxide.
* can cause skin burns.
* colorless, white, or yellow waxy solid with a garlic-like odor.
* combines with oxygen so easily that it catches fire automatically.
* has the property of spontaneously catching fire in air
  - two modifications
* highly reactive, waxy, white-yellow, transparent solid with acrid fumes.
* is highly toxic
  - phosphorescent
  - poisonous and can spontaneously ignite when it comes in contact with air
  - the form that occurs most commonly at room temperatures
  - toxic to humans
  - used as a deoxidizing agent in the preparation of steel and phosphor bronze
  - the making of rat poison, and red phosphorus is used in match es
  - toxic and contact with skin can cause severe burns
  - white to yellow soft, waxy phosphorescent solid with acrid fumes
* oxidizes spontaneously in air sending out light.
* pale yellow waxy solid that ignites spontaneously on contact with air.
* waxy white solid.
* waxy, transparent solid.
  - Physical properties: Chemical elements
  * Phosphorus comes in several forms. White and red phosphorus are the most common forms. White phosphorus is a waxy white solid. When pure, it is colourless. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulphide, an organic solvent. It turns light yellow when in air
  - Safety
  * White phosphorus'  is an incendiary weapon. It makes a bright light and smoke. Its main ingredient is one of the allotropes of the chemical element phosphorus. White phosphorus is toxic to humans. Over time, these can cause death

Yellow phosphorus
* causes liver damage, delirium then coma.
* is added to water, then oxygen or air is passed through the slurry.
### element:

Pixel
* Every pixel is represented by a vector in a colour space.
  * On the monitor of a computer, a pixel is usually a square. Every pixel has a color and all the pixels together are the picture.
* are 'dots' that emit colored light
  - a computer thing
  - an abbreviation for picture elements
  - bits
  - components
  - contiguous if they are connected either on their sides or diagonally
  - definable locations on the display screen that are used to form images on the screen
  - just a unit of measurement like cm or inches
  - like inches because they both measure length in increments
  - little colored dots
  - part of rasters
  - pixels regardless of screen resolution, platform, browser choice, or browser version
  - small squares of solid black, white, grays or color
  - so close together that they are seen as connected by the naked eye
* are the basic building blocks of a digital image
  - all digital images
  - stuff of layers, and layers are stacked to make images
  - building blocks of a fish-finder's display
  - dots that make up a visible image on the screen
  - familiar square features seen when a digital image is zoomed into
* are the individual dots that make up an image
  - squares that make up an image
  - little squares that can be seen when a graphics image is enlarged
  - native unit of measure on the web
  - number of dots per square inch on an image
* are the smallest elements on a computer monitor
  - unit on the screen grid that can be displayed
* are the standard measurement for screen-bound images
  - unit of measure for Web images
* come in various sizes and their size is expressed in terms of resolution.
* contain color, grayscale or black and white information about each tiny square of the image
  - different gray values and together create an image
* encourages people to think.
* have color depth called bits
  - very slightly different dimensions in the horizontal and vertical directions
* is an element
* make up the video information on a television screen.
* reduce the energy loss at impact.
* seen in close-up are tiny squares of different brightnesses or colors.
* stand for picture element, and are the tiny dots that make up a digital image.
* stands for picture element.
* swallow light from a target, such as a star or a galaxy.

Plutonium
* Most plutonium therefore ends up as the main ingredient in weapons of mass destruction.
* Some plutonium is used with uranium in 'mixed oxide' fuel in conventional reactors.
* is an element
  - chemical elements
  - created by manufactureses
  - nuclear waste
  - radioactive substances

### element | plutonium:

Metallic plutonium
* fire hazard, especially if the material is finely divided.
* has few civil uses.

Pure plutonium
* is silvery, but acquires a yellowish tarnish as it oxidizes.
* silvery metal that is heavier than lead.