Micromicrobe
* A microbe microorganism
* All microbes are facultative anaerobes also capable of operating in the absence of oxygen
  - capable of operating in the presence of oxygen
  - related to one another and to humans
  - too small to see with the unaided human eye
  - have a pH range they prefer and another range they can tolerate
  - require sources of carbon and energy
* Many microbes are pathogens or parasitic organisms that can harm humans
  - unable to grow when there is high sugar or salt content
  - can ferment sugars to alcohol
  - change shape when they become infectious
  - have the ability to detoxify contaminants
* Many microbes live in the bottom of lakes and rivers in sediments
  - near the roots of plants
  - prefer a neutral pH for growth
* Microbe grows by reducing arsenic.
* Microbes affect every aspect of life on earth
  - genomic stability, resistance to cell death and proliferative signaling
* Microbes also cause nonmalignant chronic diseases
  - play an essential role in the natural recycling of living materials
  - present less of a supply and demand problem
  - reinvent themselves
  - take in carbon dioxide, and give off methane
* Microbes appear early in the precambrian, and jellyfish and worms appear late in the era
  - to be the sole source of all of the hydrogen and methane produced in the intestine
* Microbes are a common occurrence in nature
  - fact of life anywhere that humans go
  - fundamental element of biotechnology
  - major cause of disease in humans
* Microbes are also capable of exchanging genetic information by mating
  - the agents of many human and plant diseases
* Microbes are an important part of our existence
  - integral link in the food chain and natural defense system of plant material
  - bacteria and are too small to be seen with the naked eye
* Microbes are capable of detoxifying a wide variety of human-made chemicals
  - using all sorts of other terminal electron accepters besides oxygen
  - decomposers
  - detailed with information regarding habitat, transmission, treatment and pathogenesis
* Microbes are essential for the functioning of ecological systems
  - recycling of elements so they can be used over and over again
  - in contributing to and maintaining the health of aquatic ecosystems
  - everywhere, and inhabit our skin and intestine
  - found in boiling hot springs and on frozen snowfields
  - good at breaking down many organic compounds in air and water
  - highly abundant, diverse and have an important role in the ecological system
* Microbes are important for the good health of animals
  - health of most animals
* Microbes are important to sustaining life on Earth
  - the agricultural, mining, chemical and pharmaceutical industries
  - invisible to the human eye and can only be seen with a microscope
  - involved in the decay of dead plants, animals, and animal waste
* Microbes are killed by heat
  - without causing damage to the taste and quality of milk
  - known to live in remarkably diverse environments, many of which are extremely harsh
  - located in air
  - microorganisms, which are tiny living things visible only under a microscope
  - microscopic, single-celled organisms without a nucleus
  - minute plant or animal life
  - more likely to enter the hair canal and proliferate feeding on the sebum in the canal
* Microbes are often non-descript rods, or spheres
  - very small, even in comparison to microscopic cells from animals
* Microbes are organisms that are microscopic, or extremely small
  - predators
  - primarily responsible for the breakdown of the product
  - responsible for many biochemical cycles and are crucial to the whole biosphere
  - roots of life's family tree
* Microbes are single-cell organisms so tiny that millions can fit into the eye of a needle
  - that can only be seen with microscopes
  - so tough they can survive in outer space
  - some of the oldest and most diverse live forms on the planet
* Microbes are the dominant form of life on Earth
  - life on planet Earth
  - primary factor in the degradation of diuron in aquatic environments
* Microbes are tiny living cells
  - organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, yeast, and molds
  - ubiquitous
  - used as biological control
* Microbes are very small one cell organisms - a membrane filled with cellular fluid and electrolytes
  - one-cell organisms, a membrane filled with cellular fluid and electrolytes
  - associated with plant roots also perform transformations
  - avoid problem by becoming inactive
* Microbes break down carbohydrates
  - matter
* Microbes break down organic materials
  - breed quickly in water
  - can degrade and synthesize many of the organic nutrients utilized by animals
  - coming into the body have their own uniforms, which are usually very different
* Microbes compete fiercely and the available energy declines
  - with plants for nutrients for assimilation and growth
  - constitute essential interfaces in the functional web of ecosystems
  - contain only a single chromosome
  - contribute more genes responsible for human survival than humans' own genes
* Microbes convert carbon in residue to gaseous carbon dioxide
  - nitrates into a harmless gas
  - nitrogen and sulfur to forms that plants can use
  - substances
* Microbes decompose cellulose
  - dead plants breaking down the carbon-rich matter to carbon dioxide
  - humates
  - the waste products of other living things, creating nutrients
  - detoxify and clean up the wastewater stream in secondary treatment
  - differ in their abilities to use substrates as nutrient sources
* Microbes digest nutrients
* Microbes drive the chemistry of life and affect the global climate
  - eat engine hoses, belts, electrical insulation
* Microbes exist in all areas, including homes, offices, commercial centers, and hospitals
  - to bring back to the earth that which is weakened
* Microbes feed on bacteria
  - organic components of waste until they can no longer derive energy from it
  - thatch and convert thatch back to topsoil
* Microbes feed on the free water
  - thatch, eventually converting it back to top soil
  - find in diets
  - fix nitrogen and remove it from the air
  - form side links in the food chain
  - get food
  - go anywhere that humans go
* Microbes have an amazing capacity to degrade and transform a wide range of pollutants in nature
  - enormous influence on our environment, both domestic and global
  - extraordinary genetic and metabolic diversity
  - impact
  - limits
  - major impact
  - many many related species and very few cause infectious disease
  - the ability to come up with unexpected and novel mechanisms of resistance
  - their joys, And subdivide, and never come to death
  - immediately eliminate the flammability of the hydrocarbon
* Microbes includes cell membranes
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - vacuoles
  - intrude into our body and reproduce rapidly
* Microbes live in colonies and are very mobile
  - homes, in schools and on statues
  - the farthest reaches of the atmosphere
* Microbes live in their digestive systems, in their mouths, and on their skin
  - guts, in their mouths, and on their skin
  - offer unusual capabilities reflecting the diversity of their environmental niches
* Microbes often enter cells to protect themselves from host defenses and to move around the body
  - stick to surfaces in masses called biofilms
  - perform roles
* Microbes produce and remove a great range of other gases as well
  - useful materials
* Microbes provide nutrients to animals
  - the fundamental underpinning of all ecosystems
  - recycle nutrients in our environment
* Microbes replicate and grow rapidly, and can be grown continuously
  - thus a supply of rennin is available
  - represent the greatest reservoir of genetic and biochemical diversity on the planet
* Microbes require a delicate balance of soil tilth in order to live and propagate
  - moisture, but too much is deadly
  - secrete effector proteins to manipulate host processes in order to facilitate colonization
  - solubilize the phosphate salts making phosphorus available to the biological world
  - take sulfur and use it to fix carbon dioxide in a process called chemosynthesis
  - thrive far below ground
* Microbes thrive in aerated streams with lots of oxygen to murky bogs that have no oxygen
  - warmer water
  - on a huge range of foods including oil and toxic wastes
  - trigger immune response that suppresses infections
  - turn nutrient in beef into an artery-clogging menace
* Microbes use carbon as energy and nitrogen as a food source to produce proteins
  - chemicals to make food
  - many different processes to reproduce
  - sunlight
  - the oxygen to process organics in the wastewater
  - vary widely in regard to ability to initiate growth over certain range of temperature
* More microbes survive in space.
* Most microbes are asexual and many plants can produce fertile hybrids with other species
  - harmless, but some are the cause of disease
  - so small that they are measured in micrometers or nanometers
* Most microbes break down carbohydrates
* Most microbes break down organic materials
  - convert substances
  - digest organic nutrients
* Most microbes produce materials
  - require energy
* Most microbes use oxygen
* Some microbes act as food preservatives and keep the beebread from spoiling in the hive
  - aid digestion, others can potentially cause disease
* Some microbes are a direct threat to people
  - able to reduce particulate manganese oxides to soluble manganese
  - capable of using nitrate as their terminal electron accepter
  - extremely lethal at very low doses
  - good to have while others can make people very sick
  - helpful to humans, but some are harmful
  - photosynthetic, deriving their energy from the sun
  - transmitted by cockroaches
  - unable to tolerate changes to low pH and are killed
* Some microbes break down cellulose
  - plant polysaccharides
* Some microbes can even catabolize benzene or toluene
  - grow only in air
* Some microbes can survive temperatures about the boiling point
  - without oxygen, using chemicals instead of sunlight for energy
* Some microbes cause conditions
  - disease in humans, animals, and plants
  - fevers
  - rheumatic fevers
  - tuberculosis
  - contain chlorophyll
* Some microbes convert carbohydrates
  - electricity
  - renewable electricity
  - create light
  - do survive transit through the stomach to the intestines
  - enter tissue
  - excrete antibiotics
  - find refuge from the cold between the grains of porous stone
  - grow better in meat type media
* Some microbes have ability
  - an appetite for gas, oil or other toxic chemicals
  - different effects
  - measurable effects
  - very close relationships with plants
  - help food
  - invade organs
* Some microbes live in colons
  - oysters
  - near roots of plants in symbiotic associations
  - on snow and ice and die at room temperature
  - love radiation
  - obtain energy
* Some microbes produce compounds that lower crop production
  - contain nutrients
  - enzymes
  - pigment
  - purple pigment
  - toxins
* Some microbes produce volatile compounds
* Some microbes reduce nitrate to nitrite
  - nitrite further to nitrogen gas
  - resort to using alternatives to oxygen
  - simply enclose themselves with strong walls and wait inside for warmer times
  - slowly destroy stone buildings and statuary
+ Carl Woese, Work and discoveries: 1928 births :: 2012 deaths :: Alumni of Yale University :: American biologists :: Deaths from pancreatic cancer :: Foreign Members of the Royal Society :: Microbiologists :: Scientists from New York :: People from Syracuse, New York
  * The tree of life shows the diversity of microbes. Single-celled organisms represent the vast majority of the biosphere's diversity. This is surprising to some, given our familiarity with the larger metazoan world. Microbes are responsible for many biochemical cycles and are crucial to the whole biosphere. Woese's efforts to clarify the evolution and diversity of microbes was an invaluable service to ecology, conservation and evolutionary biology.