### entity:

Trait
* Many traits are a function of markers from both chromosomes
  - controlled by many genes, each of which contributes a small amount to the phenotype
  - determined by the function of more than one gene
* Many traits are inherited from parents and passed from parents to offspring through genes
  - the result of what is in a person's DNA and what that person does with it
* Most traits are determined by the interaction of several genes
  - located on the X chromosome
  - produced by multiple genes
* Most traits exist for the benefit of the individual rather than for the good of the species
  - in degree, indicating the cumulative action of several genes
* Some traits also change the eye color from black to red.
* Some traits are controlled by far more alleles
  - multiple alleles, such as the ABO blood types in humans
  - determined by the combined effect of more than one pair of genes
* Some traits are inherited and others result from interactions with the environment
  - by mechanisms other than dominance and recessiveness
  - polygenic meaning that they are controlled by more than one gene
  - sex-linked, which means they are found on the sex chromosomes
  - the product of many different alleles that occupy a specific gene locus
  - have both genetic and environmental components that contribute to their expression
  - require simultaneous mutations in two or more genes
* accumulate and transform organisms.
* allow an organism to survive and reproduce in the environment in which it lives.
* are attributes
  - character states
  - characteristics that are determined by segments of DNA called genes
* are inherited and passed on to the next generation
  - by our parents
  - part of personality
  - passed down in families in different patterns
  - personal characteristics
* are properties of individuals and vary within a population
  - populations
  - psychologically real phenomena
  - qualities, features or other things that distinguish the organism
* are relatively enduring ways in which one individual differs from another
  - permanent and enduring qualities that a person shows in most situations
  - stable qualities in people that have continuous dimensions and quantitative differences
  - the physical characteristics of an organism
  - things like hair color, eye color, height, and weight
  - usually ones where the details of the genetics are unknown
* can be physical like hair color or the shape and size of a plant leaf
  - include things like hair color, tooth shape, beak shape, bone size, or muscle structure
* controlled by a single gene with more than two alleles are called multiple - traits
  - alleles on sex chromosomes are sex-linked
  - two or more genes are said to be polygenic traits
* effect the way people behave.
* explain behavior.
* influenced mainly by one gene usually have predictable patterns of inheritance.
* interact with situations to determine behavior.
* is an attribute
* refer to personality variables that correspond to coherent patterns of social behavior.
+ Natural selection, Sexual selection: Evolution :: Metaphors referring to nature
  * It is a theory of Charles Darwin that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by competition 'within' a species. The Descent of Man and selection in relation to sex' John Murray, London It is usually males who fight each other. Traits selected by mate choice are called 'ornaments'.
+ Personality psychology, Different Perspectives of Personality Research
  * Trait theory suggests that there are both traits and types within people that create the personality. Types are discontinuous categories that have qualitative differences. Traits are stable qualities in people that have continuous dimensions and quantitative differences. Examples of traits are things like fairness, intelligence, confidence, and helpfulness. Individual differences are reflected in the amount that a trait is seen. Within trait theory, there are many different approaches to how traits operate and to what extent. A Nomothetic view of traits suggests that traits are universal and it is possible to compare traits among individuals. It also states that individuals reflect a unique combination of traits, implying that while everyone has the same basic traits, not all individuals have the same levels of each trait.
+ Sexual selection: Evolutionary biology
  * The Descent of Man and selection in relation to sex'. John Murray, London. It is usually males who fight each other. Traits selected by mate choice are called 'ornaments'.