### adversarial science:

Cryptography
* allows a series of operations or actions on data.
* branch of mathematics.
* breaks assorted network management tools.
* can be powerful tool in the protection of our privacy.
* can help criminals hide their activities
  - prevent penetration from the outside
  - increase the security of computers and modern telecommunication systems
  - provide secure and confidential communications over otherwise untrusted networks
* comes from the Greek words hidden or secret and writing.
* data protection technology just as gloves are a hand protection technology.
* deals with making communications secure.
* defensive mechanism, particularly against electronic warfare attacks.
* enables people to protect their communications.
* ensures confidentiality by coding a message using a secret key and an algorithm.
* fundamental tool in a comprehensive data security system.
* helps by keeping that secret private during the authentication process
  - provide accountability, fairness, accuracy, and confidentiality
* highly specialised task demanding skills in mathematics and computer science.
* is an adversarial science
  - applied subject
  - arcane science, baffling to mathematically-unsophisticated laymen
* is an area of applied mathematics, just as many areas of computer science are
  - mathematics which is growing in importance
  - effective way to enforce privacy
  - essential enabling technology for electronic commerce
  - ideal way to keep mentally alert
  - indispensable tool to achieve privacy
  - international science
  - another means of protecting the content in email messages
* is critical to establishing secure e-commerce
  - providing truly secure transactions
  - for privacy protection
  - important in maintaining electronic privacy
  - in many ways, the revolution of today
  - information hiding
  - more concerned with cryptosystems that are computationally infeasible to break
  - nearly as old as the written word
* is one of the central components of information security
  - main technological tools
  - practiced by cryptographers
  - science that use the mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data
  - the art and science of keeping files and messages secure
* is the art of creating and using cryptosystems
  - secretly communicating over insecure channels
  - writing or deciphering messages in code
  - or science of keeping a message secret
  - assault weapon of the Internet
  - basis of almost all electronic commerce
  - discipline of encoding messages with a cipher
  - enciphering and deciphering of messages
  - encryption of telecommunications
  - great equalizer in the world
* is the key technology to gain security and trust
  - tool for computer system security
  - mathematics of security
  - modern, mathematically based version of the ancient art of secret codes
* is the most important technological safeguard for ensuring privacy and security
  - powerful single tool that users can use to secure the Internet
  - practice of writing in some form of code
  - process of writing in or deciphering secret code
* is the science of conducting secure communication
  - keeping written messages secret
  - protecting data
* is the science of secret writing, especially codes and ciphers
  - securing information
* is the study of ciphers
  - codes to protect the security of messages sent on open channels
  - hidden writing, or the science of encrypting and decrypting text
  - mathematical techniques used to make codes for information security
  - secret writing such as codes and ciphers
  - use of language in the second sense
* is the use of secret codes to achieve desired levels of confidentiality and integrity
  - to protect information
* is used for two different but related purposes in electronic commerce
  - in most digital money schemes in many different ways
  - to protect e-mail messages, credit card information, and corporate data
  - very important to the continued growth of the Internet and electronic commerce
* is, in some ways, the heart of keeping information secure.
* lends itself to criminal activity and subversive warfare.
* long way from where the real security problem is.
* means hidden writing.
* occurs when a message is written in a code and converted to regular text on the screen.
* offers mechanisms for authentication and privacy
  - virtually unbreakable systems for security on open networks
* primary tool for securing computers and networks against adversaries.
* promises to secure Internet communications.
* protects both information and access rules in storage and during distribution
  - information stored and transferred by computers to a very high degree
* provides assurance on the validity and ownership of the data that's encrypted
  - three services that are crucial in secure programming
* scrambles all messages and makes it difficult for anyone to decypher their contents.
* sensible and economic way of making the Internet secure.
* solves problems that involve secrecy, authentication, integrity, and dishonest people.
* technique identified for maintaining the economic and moral rights of creators.
* uses prime numbers , and needs to test if a certain number is prime
  - really, really, really big prime numbers
* very old science.
+ Primality test: Mathematics
  * Cryptography uses prime numbers, and needs to test if a certain number is prime. The official proof of a prime is through its primality certificate.