### substance | particle | grain | plastid:

Chloroplast
* Most chloroplasts absorb blue light
  - capture energy
* Most chloroplasts contain chemicals
* Most chloroplasts contain green chlorophyll
  - pigment chlorophyll
  - convert energy
  - find in plants
  - form spirals
* Most chloroplasts have chlorophyll
  - layer membranes
  - help food
* Some chloroplasts contain a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum
  - chlorophyll pigment
  - different pigment
  - enzymes
  - green pigment
  - photosynthetic pigment
  - provide food
  - show developing starch grains.
  * ' are small organelles inside the cells of plants and algae. They absorb light to make sugar in a process called photosynthesis. The sugar can be stored in the form of starch. Chloroplasts contain the molecule chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is what gives green plants their green colour. Chloroplasts also contain various yellow and orange pigments to assist in photon capture for photosynthesis
  - sunlight to be used in photosynthesis
* also contain DNA.
* are a double membrane organelles
  - also former bacteria
  - capable of harnessing energy from the sun's rays of light
  - cellular organelles that are the sites of photosynthesis in plants and algae
  - chromoplasts which contain chlorophyll
  - considered organelles in plant cells
  - found exclusively in plant cells and are the site of photosynthesis
* are found in all types of plants and algae
  - the cytoplasm in plant cells
* are found mainly in mesophyll cells forming the tissues in the interior of the leaf
  - the cells of mesophyll, the tissue in the interior of the leaf
* are green because of the pigment chlorophyll
  - colored plastids for they contain greater amounts of chlorophyll pigments
  - due to the chlorophyll which they contain
  - important because they are where photosynthesis takes place
  - large organelles found in plants cells which are responsible for photosynthesis
  - larger than mitochondria, and are surrounded by three specialized membranes
  - located in the cells of green plant parts such as leaves and stems
  - made of three types of membrane
  - mostly oval in longitudinal view and rounded in cross-section view
  - necessary for carrying out photosynthesis
  - never present
* are one of many types of organelles in the plant cell
  - several types of specialized plant-cell structures called plastids
* are organelles found in plant cells and green algae that conduct photosynthesis
  - cells, which are above the ground
  - in plants and some algae
  - specialized for photosynthesis
  - plastids, organelles that can contain pigments
* are present in plant cells only
  - mostly in leaves, but are also present in green stems and unripe fruit
  - primarily in cells of mesophyll , green tissue in the leaf's interior
  - red autofluorescent
  - responsible for making food within cells
  - special parts of most green plant cells
* are specialized cellular parts that are analogous to organs in the body
  - organelles found in all higher plant cells
* are structures of the highest physiological importance
  - that enable the plant to make sugars through photosynthesis
* are the factories where photosynthesis takes place
  - green organelles in the cytoplasm that make food in plant cells
  - most familiar plastids
* are the site of complex lipid metabolism
  - photosynthesis and they are in plant cells
* are the site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells
  - plants only
  - photosynthesis, which is where solar energy is converted into sugar
  - small compartments in leaf cells that generate energy from sunlight
* are the structures in which photosynthesis happens
  - which manufacture chlorophyll
  - tiny, spherical bodies containing chlorophyll
  - thus the central site of the photosynthetic process in plants
* are tiny and green, and they contain chlorophyll
  - structures containing the green pigment chlorophyll
  - typically lens-shaped and bounded by a double membrane
* are unique to plant cells
  - the photosynthetic protista and plants
  - very small structures that are found in many plant cells
  - what give plants their green color
* are where photosynthesis occurs within the leaf
* can serve as cellular sensors.
* capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
* conduct photosynthesis and are found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms.
* contain a green pigment called chlorophyll which traps light energy from the sun
  - substance called chlorophyll
* contain chlorophyll a and b
  - and absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
  - pigments and occur in all green parts of the plant
* contain chlorophyll, a green pigment which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
  - the green pigment that captures sunlight for the plant
  - chlorophylls a and b and accessory pigments carotenoids and xanthophylls
  - light-capturing pigments and enzymes that transform light energy into sugar
* contain the green pigment chlorophyll and play a role in photosynthesis
  - which is needed for photosynthesis
  - chlorophyll, which absorbs light
  - molecule chlorophyll , which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
  - their own DNA that is separate from the nucleus
* exist in green plant cells.
* float in the juices of each cell and are inherited from the female parent.
* form clumps that resemble polka dots in both gametophyte and sporophyte tissue
* have an inner membrane system consisting of thylakoids
  - specific structures involved in photosynthesis
* have their own DNA and self-replicating under the influence of nuclear genes
  - genome , which is much smaller than that of free-living cyanobacteria
* is where photosynthesis takes place.
  - leaves green
* move in relation to light.
* normally capture light to produce food through photosynthesis.
* occupy a substantial proportion of the cytoplasmic volume outside the vacuole.
* occur in cells of leaves and young stems of higher plants.
* occur in most cell types but only in organs above ground
  - cells of the green plant undergoing photosynthesis
* perform light energy capture to drive photosynthetic electron transport.
* possess a double membrane.
* produce nutritious elements with the help of sunshine.
* specialize in producing and briefly storing food.
* thus use light energy to make sugar by coordinating the two stages of photosynthesis.
* trap light energy and convert it into sugar.
* use chlorophyll which green pigment that absorbs red and blue light
  - energy from light to transform carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen
  - photosynthesis to turn sunlight into food
  - the energy from the Sun to make food
* variable, but usually discoid.
+ Chloroplast, Evolution: Botany :: Biochemistry :: Organelles
  * Chloroplasts are one of the many different types of organelles in the cell. They are thought to have originated as endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. This was first suggested by Mereschkowsky in 1905 after an observation by Schimper in 1883 that chloroplasts closely resembled cyanobacteria. Almost all chloroplasts are thought to derive directly or indirectly from a single endosymbiotic event.
  * Mitochondria also had a similar origin, but chloroplasts are found only in plants and protista. In green plants, chloroplasts are surrounded by two lipid-bilayer membranes. They are thought to correspond to the outer and inner membranes of the ancestral cyanobacterium. Chloroplasts have their own genome, which is much smaller than that of free-living cyanobacteria. The DNA which remains shows clear similarities with the cyanobacterial genome. Many of the missing genes are encoded in the nuclear genome of the host.