### process | oxidation | combustion:

Fire
* All fires burn upward in an inverted conical shape
  - require fuel, heat, and oxygen
  - start with an ignition
* Branches touching power lines can cause fires.
* Every fire needs fuel, heat, and oxygen.
* Many fires also result from improper use of appliances
  - result from preventable accidental causes
  - start in weeds and brush along highways and can easily reach into neighborhoods
* More fires mean even more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
* More fires occur during late fall and winter than any other time of the year
  - the winter and the holiday season than any other time
* Most fire affects trees
  - causes fire
  - consists of movement
* Most fire destroys available food sources
  - grass habitats
  - nest sites
* Most fire generates heat
  - white smoke
* Most fire gives light
  - yellow light
* Most fire has human origins
  - intensity
  - low intensity
  - scientific explanations
  - impacts habitats
  - increases light
  - is caused by combustion
* Most fire occurs in areas
  - forest areas
  - summer
* Most fire produces ash
  - carbon dioxide gases
  - physical effects
  - provides light
* Most fire reduces conifers
  - invasive plants
  - releases energy
  - requires oxygen
  - threatens habitats
  - varies in intensity
  - fires happen at night when people are asleep
* Most fires occur at night when people are sleeping
  - while people sleep
  - night, while people are sleeping
  - because the public is indifferent toward good fire prevention practices
  - in residential buildings, and most residences have peaked roofs
* Most fires occur in the home when people are asleep
  - originate from faulty wiring in the lights
  - produce an immense amount of smoke that is highly toxic
* Most fires result from a forgotten cigarette falling from an ashtray onto a sofa or bed
  - human carelessness
* Most fires start in the contents of a building
  - small
* Smoke alarms save lives.
* Some fire accelerates germination.
* Some fire affects abundances
  - arthropods
  - growth
  - koalas
* Some fire causes air pollution
  - emotional distress
  - imbalances
  - mortality
* Some fire creates alkaline soil conditions
  - deer habitats
  - host plant patches
  - enhances germination
  - has combustion products
  - heats water
  - includes skin irritation
  - increases herbaceous growth
  - induces germination
* Some fire is caused by activations
  - adhesive
  - destruction
  - drought
  - explosions
  - premature activations
  - storms
* Some fire is produced by combustion products
* Some fire kills cockroaches
  - colorado pinyons
  - invade conifers
  - juniper trees
  - many mature trees
  - orangutans
  - pigs
  - pigweed plants
  - saguaros
  - seedlings
* Some fire occurs during breed seasons
  - dry seasons
* Some fire occurs during rainy seasons
  - summer seasons
* Some fire occurs in fuel
  - late springs
  - mountain goat habitats
  - pasture
  - rainforests
  - provides habitats
* Some fire relates to activities
  - military activities
  - requires burns
  - turns into ash
* Some fires burn on the surface of the ground
  - can occur when lint builds up in the filter or in the exhaust duct
  - have the capacity to extinguish themselves without burning the place down
* accounts for fire.
* activates a chemical reaction between sugar and oxygen
  - hairy manzanita seed by scarifying the seedcoat
* actually stimulates dormant buds to grow, which they do by means of epicormic branching.
* affect forest communities in many ways.
* affects areas
  - bone by reducing the organic content and causing color changes
  - ecophysiology and community dynamics of central Wisconsin oak forest regeneration
  - nutrient availability and subsequent nutrient loading of streams
* allows diverse, native plant and animal communities to thrive.
* also affect the winds
  - aids in breaking the dormancy of the seeds
  - bring other benefits, such as helping to rejuvenate native plants
  - burn dead but undecayed plant material releasing nutrients
* also burns back undergrowth
  - up dead plant debris on the ground allowing the sun and rain to penetrate the soil
* also can result from welding, especially if working on machinery broken down in the field
  - symbolize the Holy Spirit
  - cleanse forests
  - cleanses the impurity of the soul
  - consumes oxygen
  - cycle nutrients back into the soil, and help regulate insect and disease levels
  - determines species distribution in the forest, age-class and carbon storage
  - drives insects away
  - epitomizes the principle of cosmic order
  - furnishes the energy for running steam engines and other machines
  - has numerous other uses
  - heat large boilers to generate steam, which then powers large turbines
* also helps control non-native invasive plant species
  - set back the successional stage and prevents the growth of woody vegetation
  - tallgrass to thrive
  - hollows out the inside of many trees, leaving behind cavernous holes
  - influences distribution of giant sequoias within groves
  - interacts with other ecosystem processes to create heterogeneity across the landscape
  - is used to regenerate habitat for native fauna and to regenerate areas cut for timber
  - make the soil rich in nutrients such as phosphorous, calcium, and magnesium
  - occur in tropical forests, but they are rare
* also opens the forest canopy, allowing sunlight to reach the seedlings
  - up dense areas and helps maintain meadow habitats
  - prepares the ground for the germination of the seeds
  - prevents the spread of the forest into the prairie
  - produce mutagens, pyrotoxins and heat
  - produces large amounts of particulate matter
  - purifies the system by burning off toxins, viruses, bacteria and fungus
  - releases nutrients bound up in standing vegetation
  - removes the old growth, which releases nutrients and stimulates new growth
* also represents awareness
  - knowledge and understanding
  - returns valuable nutrients to the soils
  - serve to concentrate animals, causing further habitat degradation of unburned areas
  - shines
* also stimulates a huge increase in rates of nitrogen fixation
  - the opening of the fruits in some bottlebrushes
  - suppresses the invasion of woody plants into prairies
  - symbolizes the summer solstice
  - transfer heat by radiation to the surroundings
  - varies with habitat type and vegetation
* alters forest structures
* ants Fire ants are a serious new pest in Queensland.
* appear to have a beneficial effect on woodcock habitat.
* appears responsible for the mosaic of habitats in the swamp
  - to affect acorn crops only in that, dying trees tend to produce a massive crop
* are a common occurrence after a serious earthquake
  - considerable threat to forest biodiversity
  - leading cause of accidental death in the home
* are a natural occurrence in a sedge meadow
  - part of the life cycle on the savanna
  - normal and 'natural' seasonal event in forested areas
  - primary, natural disturbance in many ecosystems
  - already a significant source of climate change
* are also a major cause of injury and death in foreign countries
  - an important source of carbon monoxide
  - common in their habitat
  - difficult for cooking often being quite messy, time consuming, and unreliable
* are an ever-present risk in Australia's hot, dry environment
  - important part of the savanna
  - another natural disaster that can benefit ecosystems
  - chemical reactions that burn energy and give off heat and light
* are common because the grass is so dry
  - during occasional dry vecirs in northern forests and tundras
  - crucial and necessary for the wilderness and for big game
  - essential to most forest and grassland ecosystems
  - four times more likely to happen in a home than at any other location
  - hot, and so is lava
  - large uncontrolled flames
  - less common, but small ones happen six or eight times each year
  - listed as the primary threat to the natural populations
* are low, moderate and high intensity surface or stand replacing fires
  - moderate, or high intensity ground or stand-replacing fires
  - more frequent in the dwarf forest than anywhere else
  - natural, but six million acres lot of forest to burn in a single year
  - nature's way to renew the prairie for another growing season
* are of high intensity and spread rapidly with high potential of spotting
  - variable frequency, season, and intensity
  - periodically common, occurring during drought
  - prevalent in chaparral because of the lightning and dry conditions
  - relatively frequent in northern dry forests
  - surprisingly selective, leaving live trees right next to blackened dead trees
* are the primary cause of children's deaths while at home
  - second leading cause of unintentional injury death among children
  - television of the outdoors
  - usually combustion reactions that take carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen
  - very common events after gas explosions
* are, like disease and insects, natural processes in forest ecosystems.
* awakens a primal fear of death, triggering the flight response in birds and animals.
* basically controls cool-season plants such as blue grass and clover.
* begin that nature can no longer extinguish.
* bellied toads are a very productive species.
* belongs in the forest.
* benefits other plant species as well, because a mature lodgepole forest is homogenous.
* blaze night and day.
* break out at random, and burn inconsumably.
* breaks things down like old trees, plants etc. to make fertilizer for new growth.
* breeds life as much as it destroys it.
* brings a desire to create, innovate, and lead
  - to innovate, to lead
  - change as it burns all that is stale, stagnant, and oppressive
  - the most damaging effect to forest resources
* broad term used to describe combustion.
* burn all night to celebrate the defeat of darkness and the victory of the sun
  - amid the bordering countries of Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay
  - best from the bottom up
  - fast in rooms
  - hotter, destroy cypress seeds and roots in the soil, and eliminate cypress sprouts
* burn in garbage cans
  - national forests
* burn on hearths, casting their glow on old wood and brass
  - the surface with moderate flame
  - only what is above ground leaving roots to sprout new trees
  - the spines off the plants, providing a source of preferred forage
  - to ashes
* burning at higher temperatures spread quickly and consume a lot of biomass.
* burns off the mat of dead material and allows new grasses to sprout
  - up one-third of the earth
  - with a rare flame
* can actually travel through the tree's root system and cause a forest fire.
* can affect forage species utilized
  - weather, and vice-versa
  - aid a plant community in returning to an earlier successional stage
* can also cause burns carbon monoxide poisoning when used in shelters
  - create their own weather pattern
  - drive away the disease
  - increase downfall timber, limiting access to foraging areas
  - make trees more susceptible to insect attack
* can and do occur in campus buildings
  - very destructive force
* can be a deeply spiritual symbol representing transformation and enlightenment
  - threat to humans
  - tremendous help in renewing plant species and animal habitat
  - useful way to rejuvenate forested areas
  - an effective agent in controlling Virginia creeper
  - beneficial or highly damaging, depending on their intensity
  - dangerous because of things like live wires, falling walls and explosions
  - deadly and cause destruction to our animals and forests
  - devastating, but when used properly, a fire extinguisher can save lives and property
  - either devastating or beneficial to owl habitat
  - mystical and mysterious as well as powerful and unforgiving
  - nightmares wherever they occur
* can be one of the biggest dangers to forests and the things living there
  - dangers to forests and the things that live there
  - passion
* can be the raging forest fire or the gentle, welcome light of a candle in a window
  - slow burn of a deep, dark ache
  - become a magnet to a child
  - begin when sunlight is focused to a point by broken glass onto dry leaves or glass
  - benefit waterfowl in ways other than improved nesting cover
  - break out because of chemical reactions during experiments
* can burn and destroy or it can refine and purify
  - at three levels
  - away life or sustain it
  - on most days during the fire season, but weather on a few days can be critical
  - burn, always be aware of the fire and control the heat
* can cause fatal or debilitating burn injuries
  - serious injury and death as well as the loss of equipment and facilities
  - the temperature to rise several hundred degrees in just seconds
  - change the temperature, moisture, pH, and nutrient levels of the soil
* can create flickering candle flames, gas-stove flames, raging forest fires and more
  - new fire
* can damage areas of woodland
  - tissues of yellow sweetclover, particularly the crown buds of second-year plants
* can destroy homes and other structures
  - land and turn houses into sand
  - seed still in pods but scarifies and promotes germination of some seed as well
  - develop and spread with quickness
  - erupt and spread rapidly
  - evaporate it and Ice can freeze it
* can get into walls and smoulder
  - out of control in seconds
  - to a child as easily as a child can get to fire
* can grow and spread through homes very quickly
  - happen to anyone
* can have a devastating impact on university resources
  - negative impact on habitat of the greater white-fronted goose
  - help enhance habitat for deer
  - improve the habitat of the greater white-fronted goose
  - increase worm activity by increasing soil temperatures
  - jump roadways and move faster than a speeding car
  - kill animals that live in the forest and can kill many people
  - leave scars that last for decades
  - maintain or expand short-eared owl habitat
  - melt metal, therefore fire precedes metal
* can occur in loose hay, small bales, large bales or in stacks
  - inside the home from many sources
  - naturally or be initiated by human beings
  - when clothing comes in contact with stovetop burners
  - often follow drought, and drought can be followed by flood
  - only grow and spread if favorable fuels, heat, and oxygen are available
* can quickly get out of control
  - too big for someone to put out
  - spread out of control
  - rejuvenate a pasture by increasing the numbers of seedstalks and density of desired plants
  - render toxic waste harmless when it burns such waste in special incinerators
  - reset the clock for shrubs that had grown too tall and unpalatable for wildlife
* can result from burning gases
  - in serious injury or death
  - shorten the cycle to a matter of hours
  - sit and smoulder for ages, give out a little heat
  - smbolize the Holy Spirit or it can symbolize hell
  - smolder for just so long, and it breaks forth
  - smoulder just so long, and it breaks forth
* can spread by radiation, convection, and conduction heat transfer
  - due to gas pipe explosions
  - quickly both in the same floor, and between floors
* can start easily, spread rapidly, and burn intensely
  - for many reasons
* can start from branches, trees and other objects growing into or blowing across power lines
  - other objects laying across powerlines
  - smoldering cigarette butts dropped behind furniture cushions
* can start if an electrical component malfunctions
  - trees are too close to such lines
  - in operating mines for a variety of reasons
  - when the dryer's heat ignites lint in the trap or exhaust duct
* can strike anyone, anywhere without warning
  - anywhere, anytime
  - sweep through cities and rural areas alike
  - symbolize the Holy Spirit or it can symbolize hell
  - take even longer to build up to their potential rate of spread in forests
  - travel up, inside the walls undetected for quite a long time
* can travel very quickly and damage property and structures
  - from a wooded area and damage property and structures
* catalyst for change, ignition of passion, destruction of the old, commencement of the new
  - that promotes changes in an ecosystem
* cause loss of human life, economic upsets, and perturbations of atmospheric chemistry
  - much property loss, cause very painful injury and even cause death
  - soil nitrogen loss due to volitization from heat
* caused by cooking are the leading cause of fire-related injuries in the elderly
  - flammable vapors are chemical fires
  - humans, the second most common cause of wildland fires, are preventable
  - man can be accidental or on purpose
* caused by smoking are the leading cause of fire deaths in the elderly
  - in bed are particularly dangerous
* causes Only two percent of all fires are caused by lightning
  - extensive damage
  - forests to revert to early successional stages
  - minor damage
  - more deaths than any other type of disaster
  - much damage
  - muskrats to disperse, thereby facilitating trapping
  - problems
  - reductions
* causes threshold changes in carbon and energy exchange with the atmosphere
* central part of the life cycle of many Canadian ecosystems.
* changes both the composition and density of the forest.
* chemical process.
* chemical reaction called combustion
  - in which oxygen is combined with a gaseous or vaporous fuel
  - involving rapid oxidation or burning of a fuel
  - released from the rapid oxidation of a fuel
  - reaction, where the release of energy results in heat and visible flames
* clean up the debris between plants, providing small areas of bare ground.
* cleanses the forest of underbrush and smaller trees.
* cleansing agent.
* clear the understory to bare soil , stimulating the germination and establishment of seeds.
* clearly depend on the flow of combustion reactants into and products out of the reaction zone.
* clears the floor of duff so that redwood seeds can reach mineral soil
  - ground of understory, replinishes nutrients and allows sunlight to reach the ground
* combination of oxygen, fuel and heat.
* coming from the mouth symbol used for powerful preaching.
* common component of many regions where crusts grow
  - culprit behind premature deaths in California lilac plants
  - metaphorin Scripture for both temporal and eternal judgment
  - natural disturbances
  - occurrence in connection with an explosive detonation
* commonly exacerbates the disaster of an earthquake
  - move up hills because heat rises
* complex agent, being both an instrument for benefit and a weapon for destruction.
* conceals another crime such as burglary or murder.
  - two powers - the power to burn, and the power to illuminate
* constant danger in aircraft accidents.
* consume the West's forests, showing how poorly politicians manage the environment.
* consumes most surface litter along with a significant loss in organic soil material
  - the fuel that's feeding it and when the fuel is consumed, the fire goes out
  - what it burns
* consuming a sacrifice sign of the revelation of the shechinah.
* continue to grow because of winds, steep slopes, and low humidity
  - plague the western and northwestern United States
* contribute to the greenhouse effect, which is thought to be changing the earth's climate.
* contributes to global warming by giving off carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
  - maintaining Virginia's natural heritage in many ways
* covers areas
  - extensive areas
* create disturbances that can directly favor the colonization of noxious weeds
  - important habitat for a wide array of wildlife, especially our imperiled songbirds
  - more particles
  - smoke in the daytime and a light source at night
  - snags, which are important perching and nesting sites for bald eagles
  - their own wind currents
* creates a mosaic of different habitat patches, each at a different stage of succession
  - new insect foraging areas for chicks and controls nonnative plant species
  - openings in the forest canopy that allow sun-loving seedlings to thrive
  - seedbeds favorable for germination and establishment
  - thick, black smoke and deadly gases that make it hard to see or breathe
* crucial disturbance factor in the boreal ecoregion.
* decimate the orangutan and their habitat in Borneo and Sumatra.
* deplete a resource, wood, that can be a necessity in an emergency situation.
* depletes nitrogen from chaparral soils
  - oxygen directly, but also promotes the activities of other oxidation processes
  - billions of dollars of property and kills thousands of people and animals every year
  - exist nest sites
  - metal by melting it
  - more property and claims more lives annually than any natural disaster
  - yellow mold, and sunlight renders it dormant
* devastating and deadly force
* directly affects the abundance of a species through changes in vegetation.
* disperses black spruce seeds.
* does damage
  - improve the forage quality of a pasture
  - things to a forest or a plantation that management without fire can never do
* dominates the history of the forests, grasslands, and chaparral communities.
* don t just happen.
* dramatic and essential ingredient in the West's ecosystems.
* drills Fire drills are carried out at least once a year
  - condition schoolchildren to respond properly even when terrified during a fire
* driven by a strong, steady wind are usually long and narrow.
* drives phylogenetic clustering in Mediterranean basin woody plant communities.
* encourages flowering in colonies of violet wood sorrel
* enhances intuition as well as empathy.
* enriches the soil and lengthens the growing season.
* fascinates because fire has such power.
* favor grasses over woody plants
  - longleaf pines and suppress populations of oak, hickory and other hardwood trees
* feeds and warms, it also destroys.
* film that starts a process of questioning.
* flexible chat program that supports multiple Internet chat protocols.
* follows two thousand years of human effort to be safe from fire.
* forces the cones to release their seeds.
* forms an important part of their belief.
* frequently occur without negligence.
* fundamental aspect of technology
  - chemical reaction based on oxidation
* generally are rare due to low biomass
  - begin to cool down and burn less actively as temperatures drop with nightfall
* generates Earth
* gives energy, vitalizing the human organism physically, mentally and spiritually
  - heat energy plus light
  - warmth, it is the start of technology, farming, industry, transportation, and war
* goes through the tubes in the water to turn the water into either hot water or steam.
* great purifier, both moral and physical.
* happen when some hot part of the lamp is too close to a meltable or flammable part.
* has consequences.
* has devastate consequences
  - disadvantage
  - for thousands of years been the substitute for sunlight
  - indirect effects
  - intense heat
  - many ecological effects that benefit fire-adapted habitats and species
  - negative effects
  - obvious disadvantage
* hastens the function of recycling nutrients.
* have as much right to exist as grizzlies and wolves.
* hazard in the field, particularly during cereal grain harvest.
* heats the cones of the sequoia, releasing the tree's oatmeal-sized seeds
  - upwards
* help burn away dry brush
  - provide large herbivores such as bison and deer enhanced grass species
  - to remove competing vegetation
* helps control the spread of natural tree parasites like mistletoe
  - maintain good habitat conditions for tortoises
  - to burn away any excess fuels and adds nutrients to the soil
* helps to recycle nutrients and sets the stage for diverse, healthy plant growth
  - that add to the productivity of the marsh
  - stimulate new food supplies for sharp-tailed grouse
* hides in trees and hides in stars, and most of all, hides in hearts.
* impacts environments
  - marten habitats
* induces clonal sprouting of riparian cottonwoods.
* influences the spatial pattern of turkey oak.
* initiates critical natural processes by breaking down organic matter into soil nutrients.
* involves elements
  - heating and flaring
* involving dangerously reactive materials can be more hazardous than normal
  - diborane sometimes release toxic gases such as boron oxide smoke
  - scrap tires are often difficult to extinguish and can cause air and water pollution
* is able to carry from surface fuels by convection into the crowns with relative ease
  - fuels through convection into the crowns with relative ease
* is actually a chemical reaction called the combustion chain reaction
  - rapid oxydation of fuel, stimulated by heat
* is affected by gravity
  - wind conditions and terrain
  - already a symbol for some religions, but it is specially appropriate for pantheists
  - also a cultural phenomenon
* is also a major factor determining the dynamics and extent of tropical dry forests
  - source of trace gases and particulates in the atmosphere
  - natural process, in forests
  - necessary agent of change
  - quality, releasing heat and light
  - symbol of sacrifice
  - weather indicator
  - important because all of the local plants are highly resistant to fire
* is also the element of passion
  - foundation of human culture and civilization
* is always a threat to plants in the wild
  - something that's going to happen to someone else
* is an active and forceful energy
  - alchemical element and one which brings transformation
  - artificial substitute for the reality of truth, which can only be found in books
  - efficient and economical tool for improving habitat for certain wildlife species
  - element with the power to transform all it touches
* is an essential element of California palm regneration and oasis maintenence
  - part of our live
  - ever-present winter danger in the home
  - example of oxidation
  - important ecological factor in miombo woodland
* is an important element in Pentecost
  - of the giant sequoia forest
* is an important factor for soil and vegetation
  - governing the dynamics of the boreal forest
* is an important factor in creating and maintaining sharp-tailed grouse habitat
  - many upland and marsh communities
  - the ecology of the Gulf Coast marshes
  - hunting tool for Aboriginal people using it to flush out prey
  - natural process on dry slope positions in the southern Appalachian Mountains
* is an important part of giant sequoia forest ecology
  - our world
  - prairie ecosystems
  - the natural ecology of a native prairie
  - process that affects ecological systems around the globe
  - ineffective method of purple loosestrife control because few plants are killed
* is an integral part of a healthy Monterey pine forest
  - an ecosystem, and without it, many species lose their competitive niche
  - uncommon occurrence due to the lack of accumulated fuel and the cool, moist environment
  - another method of removing old prairie thatch
  - any brightness, heat, energy, or transformation
  - apparent in a darker environment with a few point light sources
* is as elemental a part of the ecosystem as rain
  - much a part of nature as creeks and wildflowers
* is associated with bitter
  - energy, assertiveness, intuition etc
  - innumerable jokes
  - at the heart of many forest health and sustainability issues being discussed today
  - attacks
  - believed to be an important influence on both savanna formation and propagation
* is both hot and dry
  - spiritual as well as physical
* is capable of burns
  - heats air
  - hurt
  - warm hands
  - characteristic of interior ponderosa pine forests
  - colored light reflected from within a diamond
  - common, usually set by lightning during the summer dry season
  - considered a form without substance
  - controlled by fuels, weather and topography
  - created from diamond's high dispersion
  - criticism
  - dangerous, it can kill
  - definitely one of the most ethereal elements of the world
  - energy given off when matter burns
  - equally powerful as cognition
* is especially important in cold weather
  - regulating the species composition of vegetation
* is essential for maintaining prairies
  - plants in the chaparral
  - scrub jay habitat maintenance
  - in maintaining pine forests
  - to maintain the prairie ecosystem
  - essentials
  - everywhere, both consuming and cleansing
  - fireplaces
  - followed by the Earth
* is for cleansing, illumination and passion
  - strength, lust, passion, strong emotion, creativity and purification
  - frightening and can be deadly
  - good, creating plants that feed generations of moose
  - guarded by three evil spirits at the top of a tall mountain
  - happening
* is heat and light from rapid combination of oxygen and other materials
  - hot and dangerous
* is hot, penetrating, sharp, and agitating
  - wa ter is wet, Wind moves and the earth is dense
  - water is wet, Wind moves and the earth is dense
* is important because it keeps the forest midstory from getting too tall
  - in creating and maintaining bison habitat
  - in all things
  - independent of the kinds of wood
  - infrequent in the cool, wet forests in which deer fern is found
* is just a combustion reaction
  - source of light and heat - whether terrestrial or cosmic
  - one of the means by which forests are being cleared
  - light and fire is clean
  - light, and light reveals to man the existence of the material universe
  - likely to radically alter the surface energy and carbon balance of tropical savanna lands
* is located in fireplaces
  - laboratories
  - merely a means of change in ecosystems
  - more important than water for nitrogen fluxes in semi-arid forests
* is most active, requiring air for combustion which is most yang
  - frequent in semi-arid forest types, but plays an important role in many others as well
* is needed to burn up and absorb foods cleanly and efficiently
  - maintain and enhance species diversity
  - melt the resin in pine cones to release seeds for natural reforestation
  - normal in the dry season
  - of all elements most opposed to life
  - often necessary to keep warm and dry, and to cook food
  - one of our oldest and most important technologies
* is one of the biggest concerns when it comes to cruise-ship safety
  - dominant threats to the safety of our weapon systems
  - five traditional elements in Asian cultures
  - four elements used in witchcraft ritual, the others being earth, wind and water
* is one of the greatest forces of change in the boreal forest and tundra
  - threats to quaking aspen
  - important natural agents of change
  - leading causes of accidental death
  - major agents of damage to sweetgum
* is one of the most common disasters and causes more deaths than any other type of disaster
  - prevalent disturbances in the Australian environment
  - serious consequences of drought
  - reasons tall trees struggle in the heat
  - only the means to bring about the end, which is death
* is part of a healthy southern pine forest
  - healing the forest
  - nature s cycle
  - the ecology of many plant communities, notably the yellow pines
  - passion and love
  - powerful and all consuming
  - preferable to discing, as it retains root crowns of perennial plants
  - probably the factor that tips the balance from forest to grasslands
* is produced in the firebox which burns wood, coal or oil
  - when oxygen unites with substances very rapidly
  - rare in northern floodplain forest in humid climates
  - ready when coals turn ash gray
  - represented by inside and outside fireplaces
* is responsible for maintaining large stands of pitch pine in the wild
  - plant distribution and varied vegetative communities
  - revered as a visible symbol of the inner light that burns within each person
  - sacred and divine in all the religions
  - safety, warmth and community
  - simply the heat and light that comes from burning
  - software
  - something to be afraid of
  - sometimes a hazard
  - spirit, soul, intellect, passion, the mind, the tarot suit of swords, the air
  - studied as a natural process operating as a component of an ecosystem
* is symbolic of power
  - the cleansing and purification of the soul
* is the central symbol of Zoroastrian worship
  - cleanser that purifies the soul of the alt.mage
  - colored light reflected from within a diamond through the crown
  - constant, transforming reality
  - cure for the cold
  - defender of all that is good, it is strong, filled with passion and determination
* is the element of action and transformation
  - authority and leadership
  - change and passion
  - destruction of the world
  - used in defence and strengtening
* is the energy of doing, working towards that final goal
  - life to grow and expand
  - fundamental hazard in any aircraft incident that involves a forced landing
  - gift that inspires the next phase of the journey of self-transformation
  - greatest foe that has alarmed mankind for centuries
  - heat and light that comes from burning substances
  - illumination of consciousness or direct knowledge
  - light, which streams in each day
  - main source of life universally
  - major natural disturbance agent in the boreal forest
* is the most common hazard after an earthquake
  - following earthquakes
  - dangerous situation risking people s safery
  - destructive and devouring of all elements
  - dramatic symbol of the human ability to harness natural energy
* is the most frequent hazard following floods
  - other disasters
* is the most important disturbance in the western boreal forest
  - factor shaping the forest composition of both the uplands and wetlands
  - single factor influencing forest and tundra in most of Alaska
  - sacred element in Zoroastrianism as it pervades the entire creation
  - yang, while water is the most yin
* is the only object of mass destruction to which young people have access
  - thing that kindles fire
  - way to properly manage a forest
  - weapon of mass destruction that is available to everyone - man, woman and child
* is the power of change and transformation
  - to transform solids into liquids, to gas, and back again
* is the primary control for southwestern dwarf mistletoe infection
  - ecological factor that influences forest development
  - threat to our national forests
  - principle method used to clear new land
  - purest form of substance
  - quickest of animals
  - rapid burning of material resulting in the net gain of heat
  - second leading cause of unintentional deaths in the home
  - spark of life
  - strongest and in every initiatic or alchemistical process - Fire sets things
  - supporting element of Earth
* is the symbol of annihilation, and is said to burn evil
  - divine in all sacrifices
  - test of gold
  - third element that gives motion, vigor and vitality to the body
* is the third leading cause of accidental death or injury
  - accidental deaths in the United States
  - tie that binds
  - ultra-living element
  - very essence of potential
  - warmth of friendship, the passion of a kiss, a relaxant and, soother
  - word used most often in scripture to describe hell
  - worst natural foe, but usually to young trees which lack the thick bark protection
  - therefore a symbol of fellowship and prayer
  - thus related to forest community structure and composition
  - traditionally an expensive, dangerous and time-consuming special effect to shoot
  - trials
  - ubiquitous in the boreal forest region
  - uncontrolled burning
  - unpredictable and can travel very quickly
* is used as a recycler, making nutrients readily available for plant growth
  - tool in forest conversion
* is used for both good and evil purposes, but no one is calling for fire to be banned
  - cooks
  - heating water
* is used in Isaiah to symbolize both purification and judgement
  - the Scripture to denote suffering, persecution, trial, distress of any kind
* is used to clear land by large companies and farmers alike
  - land, as a tool of agriculture and forestry
  - help burn out the interior and seal the surface against insects
  - remove and destroy waste materials
  - suppress undesirable plants and increase fodder production
  - usually candles
* is very common in the savanna biome at various times of the year
  - effective at controlling the invasion of woody shrubs and trees
  - important in some biomes
  - what's produced when light is spread out in all directions when shown through a prism
  - worshipped at all festivals
  - yet another health risk that smoking can create
* is, of course, important for heat production and for cooking of food.
* keep sites open, lots of light for grasses in understory.
* keeps trees from growing on the prairie and adds needed elements to the soil.
* key component of maintaining prairie vegetation
  - ecological force influencing the wetlands of the North Landing River
* kill relatively few numbers of wildlife species directly
* kill, destroy homes and leave survivors with painful, disfiguring injuries.
* kills aboveground parts of prairie sandreed, but the rhizomes probably survive most fires
  - foliage
  - more people every year than all other natural disasters in the United States combined
  - the above ground parts of shrubs and small trees
  - twenty times more people than hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and earthquakes combined
* leave unsightly soot marks and damage soil organisms.
* limit the invasion of woody vegetation and retards or occasionally reverses peat accumulation.
* lives by consuming.
* living, eating, breathing, consuming beast.
* main factor which influences the climate today and also in the past.
* major ecological factor in forest as in open ecosystems
  - factor in all forest types in Manitoba
  - force that shapes coastal sage scrub
  - missing link in the life cycle of tallgrass prairie
* make more nutrients available.
* makes everything move, and there is no life if there is no fire
  - nutrient and moisture conditions more variable in sandhills
* management tool that has been used and misused by man since prehistoric times.
* masculine element and governs all candle magick.
* means all the oxygen aboard burns and everyone dies.
* melts the seal, opening the scales and releasing the seeds.
* minicourse in energy.
* mortal danger for racing car drivers.
* move very quickly.
* natural and healthy part of good ecosystem management.
* natural and important part of the boreal forest ecosystem
  - ecology of our western forests
  - unavoidable component of forests
* natural component of the ecosystem
  - island ecosystem
  - cycle in forests
  - disturbance that affects oak forests
  - energy source which provides heat, light and energy
  - event in many regions, perceived only by humans as a disaster
  - feature in much of the aspen ecosystem of western North America
  - force affecting all terrestrial and wetland communities in southern Florida
* natural force in the boreal plains
  - occurence that many species have adapted to
  - occurrence and adaptive responses to fire are evident in many Australian species
* natural occurrence in many of Florida's natural communities
  - the life of the prairie
  - part forest ecosystems
* natural part of a functioning forest environment
  - any prairie system
  - many forest ecosystems
* natural part of our ecosystem
* natural part of the Florida environment
  - redwood ecosystem and has amazing benefits for the forest environment
  - southern California environment
  - process integral to maintenance of healthy ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains
* naturally flows vertically, while water flows horizontally
  - occurring phenomenon and an important management tool
  - spreads
* needs air in order to breathe.
* needs air to burn and fire gives air a purpose
  - generate heat
  - keep burning
* needs fuel and oxygen
  - fuel, oxygen and heat in order to burn
* needs oxygen in the air to keep burning
  - to continue burning
  - oxygen, heat, and fuel to burn
* normal part of most forest and range ecosystems in temperate regions of the world
  - phenomena in Indonesia
* normally originate from faulty electrical equipment or wiring.
* occur frequently in most forest ecosystems, which are adapted to regular wildfire outbreaks
  - the deciduous, pine and bamboo forests during the dry season
  - most often in the forest and grassland biomes
* occur naturally and frequently in scrub
  - with the help of lightning, but most fires are started by people
  - naturally, ignited by lightning strikes or by volcanic products
  - on campuses across the United States every day
  - under various conditions, typically based upon fuel loads and ignition sources
* occurring in the coniferous forests spread uphill and develop as crown fires.
* occurs any time four elements are present - fuel, heat, oxygen and the chemical chain reaction.
  - naturally in the savanna, and keeps the habitat from developing into forest
  - naturally, but can also be caused by human activity
  - when a fuel combines with the oxygen in the air and gives off heat
* offers many benefits to wildlife and plant species.
* often flare in the late afternoon
  - has enough heat to blister skin, or melt home appliances
  - kill aerial plant parts
  - result from a build-up of creosote in the chimney
  - start in kitchens when people leave their stove on and walk away
  - surrounds the deities
* one end and the meat at the other.
* only happen to other people.
* opal transparent to translucent opal, with warm body colors of yellow to orange to red.
* operates in our lives in the physical and in other areas of our lives.
* part of the entire ecosystem
  - natural world
* persist longer and can eventually creep under fire lines or breaks.
* play an important role in many conifer forests.
* play an important role in the life of scrubs
  - natural changes that occur in Earth's ecosystems
* plays a crucial role in many ecosystems.
* plays a major role in shaping the preserve's ecosystems
  - the species that occur on the preserve
  - minor role where bristlecones are found due to sparse ground cover
  - natural role in the ecology of forests and rangelands
  - vital role in the wildlands of Utah
* plays an elemental role in Idaho's forests and ranges
  - extensive role in forest ecology
* plays an important role in nutrient cycling, diversity maintenance and habitat structure
  - preventing the invasion of woody plants
  - removing dead material so new plants can grow
  - shaping various aspects of tallgrass prairies
* plays an important role in the grassland ecosystem
  - natural cycle of life in the west
  - natural regeneration cycle of boreal forests
* pose a real threat to the hearing impaired
  - serious threat to the preservation of the public peace, health, and safety
* potential hazard in almost any workplace.
* prevents expansion
  - prairies from choking on their own growth
* primal attractant, the primal attractant.
* primary shaper of Idaho forests, determining age, density, and species present.
* probably kills New Mexico locust aerial stems and seedlings
  - seeds unless they are covered with an insulating layer of soil
* produce habitat for many game and non-game species
  - smoke and poisonous gases
  - many gases that are highly poisonous
  - pitch black smoke
  - residue which settles down to form Earth
* produces toxic gases and smoke that actually numb the senses
* promotes seed germination, converts dead plant matter to fertilizer.
  - the energy to drive machines and keeps industries running
  - warmth, comfort, and the ability to cook
* prune the trees, kill the population of pests and rid the trees of the parasitic mistletoe.
* put people's lives and homes at risk.
* puts off heat.
* rapid chemical reaction of a material with oxygen.
* really matter of life or death.
* recycles nutrients from the dead grass back into the soil.
* reduces availability
  - canopy cover and allows for the continued growth of quaking aspens
  - plant litter, releases nutrients into the soil, and warms the soil
* regenerates life.
* regular feature of our planet.
* release huge amounts of smoke, carbon dioxide, and methane into the atmosphere
  - the nutrients locked up in slowly decaying logs and other organic material
* remove dead trees and litter from the forest floor.
* removes debris and thus impedes marsh accretion
  - decaying vegetation and allows for regrowth
  - doubt from the mother-substance of human heart and replaces it with joy
* removes the dead plant litter and returns minerals and light to the soil surface
  - litter, returns minerals to the soil surface, and increases light
* renews the soil by returning nutrients in the form of ash.
* represents anger
  - life, and flotsam and jetsam represent environmentalism
  - purification as it is used to rid society of that which is undesirable
* represents the energy and radiance infusing all things
  - spiritual and inspirational level of existence
* requires air and there is no air in space
  - fuel, oxygen and heat for ignition to occur
  - oxygen, air
  - three components, fuel, ignition and oxygen
* respond quickly to shifts in wind direction or wind speed.
* result of a chemical reaction called combustion.
* rises naturally.
* rules the function of internal combustion or digestion the burning up or absorption of food
  - combustion, or digestion, in the body
* runs in waves.
* seeks oxygen.
* seems to stimulate germination of undamaged seeds.
* self-organizing activity which is another cosmic dynamic.
* serious concern in many island communities, especially during dry summer months
  - secondary hazard following an earthquake
* serious threat to life, health, and property
  - summer tanager habitat
* serves also as a symbol of the energy of the path
  - man by giving light
  - many important functions within fire-adapted ecosystems
* set by juveniles are the leading cause of fire deaths in preschoolers.
* show up as white spots.
* simply transforms polluting matter from one state to another.
* softens resins and the scales of the cone elevate releasing seeds.
* sometimes bypass stands of aspen enclosed within coniferous forest.
* speeds the process of decay and recycles valuable nutrients back into the soils.
* spreads in all directions, radiant and hot
  - much faster when it has cluttered waste materials to feed on
  - rapidly, even on minor slopes
* stands for effulgence, illumination
  - willpower and passion
* start and spread, as water mains are broken
  - easier and burn warmer
* start easily and are very expensive to control
  - in present conditions
  - quietly and grow quickly
* started by children often have tragic results
  - smoking materials can start and spread rapidly
* starts bright, but quickly produces black smoke and complete darkness
* stimulate productivity and the germination of fire resistant seeds.
* stimulates the growth of many native grasses and wildflowers
  - production of reproductive tillers in timothy
  - younger plants that have much higher nutritive values for wildlife
* strips the ground of vegetation, allowing rains to erode fresh rock and soils.
* survives on oxygen.
* symbol for judgment all throughout the Bible.
* symbolizes energy, enthusiasm and volatility
  - knowledge in many stories and myths
  - spirituality
* symbolizes the Holy Spirit, revealing both light and truth
  - drive for individualism and excitement
* tells how bushfires threaten people, yet regenerate forest life.
* tend to travel uphill faster than downhill.
* tends to be very intensive with large amounts of smoke
  - flare up
* there consume thousands of acres of pine forests.
* threaten power lines, homes, barns, and local villages.
* tool for use by adults
  - which can be used to regulate the amount of thatch present
* transforms food into energy
  - raw materials into steel and glass
* travel upslope with the prevailing wind faster than on level ground.
* uses the air, which gives to the world
  - up available oxygen rather quickly
* usually causes temporary declines in populations
  - consume dry vegetation to ground level
  - kills aboveground parts of prickly rose
  - manifests whenever a match is struck
  - occur in the early spring and autumn, especially in dry years
  - start near the engine where dust and dry crop debris accumulate
* vary considerably in intensity and extensiveness.
* very serious hazard in the dry climate of Antarctica.
* vital and natural part of the functioning of numerous forest ecosystems.
* warms the flesh but leaves the soul cold.
+ Candle: Light sources :: Fire :: Christian symbols
  * Fire can burn most string very fast. But in a candle, the string does not burn fast, because the fire melts the wax instead. The wax sometimes drips down the side of the candle. When the melted wax is far from the flame, it gets hard again, and can be used again in a new candle.
  * Fire destroys most of Padua, Italy.
+ Classical element: Ancient Greece :: Science
+ Eucalyptus, Problems caused by eucalypts, California: Myrtaceae :: Trees of Australia
  * Eucalyptus forests in California have been criticized because they drive out the native plants and do not support native animals. Fire is also a problem. The 1991 Oakland Hills firestorm which destroyed almost 3,000 homes and killed 25 people was partly fueled by large numbers of eucalyptus in the area close to the houses.
+ Fire, Reactions
  * Fires are usually combustion reactions that take carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The products are very commonly water, and carbon dioxide, although there are other examples that avoid this generalization, such as burning magnesium in air, which makes magnesium oxide.
  * Fire rips through parts of eastern Washington State, northern Idaho and western Montana
  - Safety:
  * Fire is very hot. A person should never touch fire, because fire may burn anything that gets too close. If human skin touches fire, the skin may blister which can take some time to heal. If a fire occurs, the mouth should be covered with a wet cloth because if too much smoke is breathed in, it is possible to faint
  * Fire can be very useful if it is treated carefully. It has always been very important for people to be able to make fire, because people need its heat on cold days and to cook things. Its light is also useful to be able to see in dark places
+ Hazard: Chemistry :: Safety
  * A 'hazard' is something that can be dangerous. Fire is sometimes a hazard. Explosives are a hazard. Many chemicals can be a hazard. There are ways to get rid of hazardous things.
+ Hercules and the Circle of Fire, Plot synopsis: 1994 movies :: Adventure movies :: TV movies :: Xenaverse :: Hercules movies
  * Zeus replies that he does, but he loves Hercules more. Hercules tells Zeus he loves him too. Zeus accepts what Hercules must do, and lets him go. Hercules goes through the fire and retrieves the Torch. He throws it and it lands in Prometheus's home, waking him. Fire begins to return. As Hercules lays dying in the circle, Zeus begs Hera not to harm Hercules or he will haunt her for eternity. Seeing Hera will not spare Hercules, Zeus strides towards the ring of fire, saying if she kills Hercules, she will have to take him as well. Suddenly, Hera stops the flames and permits Zeus to helps Hercules, who thanks him for saving his life. Before leaving the cage Hercules picks up a stick and makes a torch. Zeus asks if he knows the power of the flames.
+ Kakadu National Park, Human impacts, Fire management: Protected areas of the Northern Territory :: Ramsar sites :: Australian National Heritage List :: World Heritage Sites in Australia :: National parks in Australia
  * Controlled burning is practiced by the national park in consultation with traditional owners who have used fire as a land management tool for thousands of years. Fire is an important hunting tool for Aboriginal people using it to flush out prey. The other benefit is that once the fire has gone through an area the tender shoots of the fast regenerating grasses attract wallabies into a clearly defined area. Birds of prey such as Whistling Kites also rely on fire to flush out small animals and are usually found in large numbers circling a fire front. Other species such as white-throated grasswrens have declined because of too many fires.