### written language | document | certificate:

Death certificate
* are a matter of public record in California
  - legal forms
  - public records in most areas
  - the principal source of mortality statistics for the United States
  - information about how people die
* give the age at death and the name of the informant, usually next of kin.

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Digital certificate
* allow Web merchants to secure online communication and transactions
  - proof of identity and the right to access information or services online
* are a crucial part of the trust model behind electronic commerce services
  - an electronic means of identifying a user
  - attachments added to electronic messages to ensure the messages' security
  - crucial to Web security
  - data files that can be used to identify users
* are electronic credentials that vouch for the identity of a user
  - equivalents of a passport or identity card
  - files that act like a kind of online passport
  - important for many different businesses
  - one of the key technologies for getting public key used pervasively
  - small files that identify users
  - software-based IDs that contain a user's credentials
  - the most powerful method for identifying people and systems
* enable banks and online merchants to authenticate a consumer's identity.
* ensure that only the intended recipient can read messages sent.
* is one example of host or user authentication using a form of encryption.
* let users electronically sign and encrypt documents and mail.
* make it possible to trust an entity on the Internet.
* match a person to their signature.
* play a supporting role in Web site security.
* protect information from interception during Internet transmission.
* provide a method of authentication and originality
  - practical way to use encryption
  - enhanced security for protecting usernames and passwords
  - secure identification for web servers as well as for individuals

Government security
* Government securities consist of treasury bonds, treasury notes, and treasury bills.
* is an oxymoron.

Penny stock
* are high risk, low-priced, highly speculative stocks usually issued by new companies
  - low-priced stocks that typically start out at less than one dollar per share
  - one common product sold in boiler room operations
* contain capital risks.
* is stock.

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Probate
* are certificates
  - validations
* comes from a Latin term that means to examine or test.
* court procedure through which an estate is passed
  - process
  - supervised process which is required of many estates after death
* court-supervised process which takes place after a person dies.
* involves a series of court proceedings that supervise the distribution of an estate.
* is the process by which courts verify that wills are valid
  - of administering a dead persons estate, utilizing the court system
  - used to transfer the property
  - supervision of the distribution of a decedent's property by a court of law
  - system that developed in England in the Middle Ages to avoid such chaos
* legal process for managing estates of decedents and disabled persons
  - that takes place after someone dies
* process which is necessary to pass title from the deceased to successors.
* public record of the final financial affairs of the deceased person.
* refers to the legal procedure for the orderly distribution of property in a person's estate
  - process of passing property to one's heirs after one dies
* state law process, controlled by state courts
  - procedure while estate taxes are federal
* time consuming process that can often take in excess of one year.