### science | surgery:

Laser surgery
* allows neurosurgeons to easily remove malignant tumors without damaging brain tissue.
* can help lessen wrinkles
  - shrink abnormal vessels in the early stages of the disease
  - treat some diabetic eye diseases
  - often slow the progression of wet macular degeneration
  - prevent blindness in some cases
  - shrink the abnormal blood vessels and seal the leaking vessels
* focuses a tiny beam of light on a spot in the eye.
* great advancement in animal medicine.
* has the advantage of being able to remove the visibly abnormal areas on the cervix
  - cauterizing as it goes, which stops bleeding
* helps fluid drain out of the eye, for people with open-angle glaucoma
* is an effective removal technique for many localized lesions
  - done in a doctor's office or in an eye clinic and lasts a short period of time
  - frequently helpful with infertility problems
  - less helpful when the abnormal blood vessels have already grown under the macula
  - much better at stabilizing vision rather than improving it
  - now the most common way to shorten the palate
  - often helpful in treating diabetic retinopathy
  - performed for certain types of glaucoma
* is performed in a doctor's office or eye clinic
  - an eye care professional's office or eye clinic
  - sometimes combined with standard surgery to treat selected cases
* is the most common treatment for diabetic retinopathy when it becomes advanced
  - treatment of choice in pets with primary glaucoma who can still see
  - use of a narrow beam of intense light to kill cancerous cells
* is used to treat a broad range of nearsightedness, astigmatism, and farsightedness
  - small cancers involving one of the vocal cords
  - very effective in preventing vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma
* leaves no scar tissue and heals fast.
* modern technique that can only be used on soft tissue.
* relatively new procedure that is being used for myopia in adults.
* removes skin tumours by high energy light.
* stiffens the palate to reduce vibration.
* uses a high-energy beam of light to burn away the dysplasia
  - narrow beam of light to remove cancer cells
  - an intense beam of light to cut or repair tissue

Neurological surgery
* encompasses disorders of the brain, meninges, skull, and blood supply.
* is performed to treat disability or pain symptoms.

Orthognathic surgery
* is covered under many medical insurance contracts.
* is performed by dental specialists, called oral and maxillofacial surgeons
  - in the hospital or outpatient surgical center
* means surgery of the jawbones.

Orthopedic surgery
* is rooted in a long tradition of preventing deformity in children
  - still a big deal-people do die from it or fail to regain original mobility
* offers great benefits to people with arthritis.

Palliative surgery
* is another kind of cancer treatment
  - done only for the purpose of improving the quality of a person's life
* provides a bridge to prepare the heart for eventual complete repair.

Radical surgery
* dangerous procedure at any time.
* describes the removal of the reproductive organs.
* involves removing the reproductive organs.
* is the only treatment in very little carcinoids to prevent metastases risk.
* is the treatment of choice of operable metastatic neck nodes
  - used for salvaging radiation failures
* represents the standard form of therapy having curative intent.

### science | surgery:

Reconstructive surgery
* branch of plastic surgery.
* can give women a big psychological lift
  - involve moving a nerve from one part of the body to the damaged area
  - repair trauma to the cornea, iris or lens, and remove foreign objects
* increases the heart s pumping efficiency.
* is an attempt to return the patient to normalcy
  - operation
  - performed to make a new eyelid or repair the defect
  - that which is done to restore form and or function to normalcy
  - the correction of abnormal structures of the body