Protein
* ALL proteins are antigens.
* All protein combination of building blocks called amino acids.
* All proteins are chains of smaller molecules, called amino acids
  - composed of amino acids
  - enzymes
  - nothing more than groups of amino acids
  - polypeptides of a defined sequence of amino acids
  - various compositions of twenty specific naturally occurring amino acids
  - very complicated molecules
* All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen and some contain sulfur
  - nitrogen, and oxygen
* All proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and most contain sulphur
  - have the secondary structure called an alpha helix
  - possess three levels of structure
* Are large, naturally occurring polypeptides.
* Every protein has a few non-standard bonds
  - particular function
  - unique amino acid sequence
  - is comprised of a unique sequence of amino acids
* Every protein is made up of a chain of building blocks called amino acids
  - smaller chemicals called amino acids
  - translated gene
* Is A Cause Of Osteoporosis.
* Many proteins act by interacting with other proteins.
* Many proteins are enzymes that catalyse biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism
  - catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism
  - enzymes, which catalyze and regulate chemical reactions within organisms
  - involved in the process of cell signaling and signal transduction
  - modular
  - bind to specific sites in the genome to regulate genome expression and maintenance
* Many proteins can bind to more than one ligand
  - undergo change their shape between two alternative stable and functional forms
  - contain only one type of subunit
* Many proteins contain signal peptides at the beginning which are cleaved off afterwards
  - sequences that facilitate their sorting within the cell
* Many proteins have a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic surface
  - specific sub-cellular localization pattern
  - carbohydrates covalently attached to asparagine residues
  - sheets and helices
  - play active and vital roles in ensuring normal cell function
  - possess more than one polypeptide chain
  - regulate or control biological activity
  - serve as enzymes
  - use a carefully designed change of shape to regulate their action
* More protein is stored in the leaves than the stem
  - means more calcium
* Most protein comes from grain
  - is in muscles, and most fat is in fat cells
  - proteins act on kidneys
* Most proteins affect activities
  - growth
  - muscle growth
  - quality
  - also have an ordered arrangement called the native state
  - appear in urine
* Most proteins are also too large to pass through the filtering system of the kidney
  - decomposed to single amino acids by digestion in the gastro-intestinal tract
  - globular, essentially spherical
  - located in mammals
* Most proteins are produced by glands
  - live organisms
  - pituitary glands
* Most proteins are too big to go through the kidneys, so usually no protein is found in urine
  - large to pass through the glomeruli into the urine
* Most proteins become blood
  - food
* Most proteins bind oxygen
  - to host cell receptors
  - boost resistance
* Most proteins can have adverse effects
  - irreversible effects
  - stimulate effects
  - carry irons
  - circulate in blood
  - combine with carbohydrates
* Most proteins come from fresh meat
* Most proteins contain alpha-helical segments in least some regions
  - both alpha helixes and beta sheets
  - destroy viruses
* Most proteins encourage development
  - hair growth
  - enter guts
* Most proteins facilitate absorption
  - molecular reaction
  - vitamin absorption
* Most proteins find in beans
  - certain food
  - connective tissue
  - legumes
  - pet food
  - true vascular tissue
* Most proteins have a single destination
  - additive effects
  - amino acid domains
  - capacity
  - differences
  - dominant effects
  - enormous potential
  - factors
  - favorable effects
  - functions
  - half life
  - hydrophobic domains
  - muscle build effects
  - no trouble folding quickly and efficiently to their native state
* Most proteins have similar functions
  - size
  - some of both
  - sulfur bonds
  - weight
* Most proteins help activities
  - lean muscles
* Most proteins induce effects
  - immune responses
* Most proteins involve in development
  - gamete interaction
* Most proteins pass through guts
  - membranes
  - perform same functions
* Most proteins play central roles
  - critical roles
* Most proteins play crucial functional roles
  - important roles
  - key roles
  - large roles
  - minor roles
  - multiple roles
  - positive roles
  - various roles
* Most proteins promote chemical reaction
* Most proteins provide calories
  - energy
  - muscle build nutrients
* Most proteins reduce excretion
  - nitrogen excretion
* Most proteins regulate activities
  - steps
  - release into blood
  - remain in the cytosol
* Most proteins require a number of post-production modifications before they become functional
* Most proteins require for cell survival
  - health
  - optimum health
* Most proteins serve functions
  - various functions
* Some protein substitutes for red meat are chicken and turkey
  - proteins absorb oxygen
* Some proteins accelerate biochemical reaction
  - accumulate in cytoplasm
* Some proteins act as allergen
  - carrier molecules that carry specific molecules across the membrane
  - sensors
  - like pheromone
  - activate responses
* Some proteins affect absorption
  - damage
  - kidney damage
  - livers
  - magnesium absorption
  - trials
* Some proteins also contain iron, phosphorus, and sulfur
  - have natural tendencies to prevent or fight disease
  - help package DNA molecules into chromosomes
  - incorporate phosphorous, iron, zinc, and copper
  - require sulfur
  - appear to function as a protection against cancer
  - are cottage cheese, hard boiled eggs, peanuts, monkey chow, and even dog food
* Some proteins are enzymes that catalyze most biological reactions in a living organism
  - interact with small molecules and promote chemical reactions
  - filtered by glomeruluses
  - fixed at certain points in the membrane, others are movable
  - formed by actions
  - free to move
  - generated by fermentation
  - harder to cook than others
  - located in mice
* Some proteins are more digestible than others
  - important to a cell's normal function than others
  - non-structural, eg
* Some proteins are produced by bacterium spores
  - insect viruses
  - microbes
  - plants
  - thyroids
  - types
  - quite complicated assemblages of multiple common domains
  - simply more important than others
  - structural, in that they help to form tissue like the heart or bones
  - synthesized in livers
  - used by dogs more efficiently than others
  - very large molecules, containing hundreds of amino acids
  - become enzymes which speed up chemical reactions
  - belong to families
* Some proteins bind to antigen
  - hormones
  - specific antigen
  - can have more than one polypeptide chains
* Some proteins carry charge
  - negative charge
  - net neutral charge
* Some proteins cause allergies
  - cell death
  - soy allergies
  - circulate in bloodstreams
  - clog small intestines
* Some proteins come from beef
  - insects
  - pigs
  - the mother, stored in the egg
  - conduct electricity
* Some proteins consist of a single polypeptide chain, such as myoglobin
  - collagen
  - myosin
* Some proteins contain all the essential amino acids and are called complete proteins
  - cold shock domains
  - distinct domains
  - disulfide bonds
  - percent nitrogen
  - pigment
  - transcription activation domains
* Some proteins contribute to destruction
  - infection
  - control specific tasks
* Some proteins derive from animals
  - kidney beans
  - natural beef
* Some proteins derive from red beans
  - soybeans
  - destroy bacteria
  - enhance capacity
  - enter vesicles
  - even light up without the addition of a dye
  - excrete in urine
  - extend through both sides of the bilayer
* Some proteins find in blood plasma
  - cat saliva
  - cereal grain
  - extant vertebrates
  - fish
  - marine fish
  - raccoon saliva
  - tuna fish
  - fold and unfold via single-exponential kinetics
  - form structural units in the body, while other proteins are enzymes
* Some proteins have a structural role, providing mechanical support
  - ability
  - alteration
  - carbohydrate segments attached which extend into the aqueous environment
  - concentration
  - globular heads
  - heal ability
  - low biological values
  - net negative charge
  - other organic molecules attached to their polypeptide chains
  - structural roles
  - vitamins
  - help to make cellulose more rigid in the cell walls
  - increase expression
* Some proteins induce calcium excretion
* Some proteins inhibit degradations
  - matrix degradations
* Some proteins interfere with activities
  - phagocytosis
* Some proteins involve in drug resistance
  - fusion
  - glycolysis
  - stress responses
  - synthesis
* Some proteins kill certain insects
* Some proteins lead to activations
  - cell disintegration
* Some proteins make cells, other proteins tell the cells how to function
  - up skin
  - mediate the interpretation of cellular signals, like hormones
* Some proteins move into intestines
  - obtain from milk
* Some proteins participate in development
  - melanocyte development
* Some proteins produce effects
  - heat
  - same effects
  - promote bone growth
* Some proteins promote cell death
  - inflammation
* Some proteins protect plants
  - rats
* Some proteins regulate establishments
* Some proteins require for activations
  - reductions
  - resemble intricate pretzels, while others are twisted and woven into braids
  - result in reductions
  - serve as important enzymes that regulate metabolic reactions
* Some proteins show high sequence homology to known antioxidant enzymes from plants
  - significant similarity
  - span the membrane while others are found on the outside or the inside
  - stimulate immune responses
  - suppress tumor growth
  - trigger allergic reaction
* Some proteins undergo adaptive modification
  - use the helix dipole to stabilize binding of charged ligands
* There are many types of protein.
* accumulate in the interstitial tissue.
* act as chemical messengers, dictating every function of our cells
  - enzymes, as well as perform many other functions in the body
  - structural materials and as catalysts in life-giving chemical reactions
  - templates for the synthesis of new proteins
  - in complex networks and pathways to carry out all cell activities
* actually tend to end up in a relatively limited number of families.
* add body.
* also accelerate cell growth
  - accumulate in the root during the fall period
  - act as hormone receptors
  - are important in the building of muscle
  - contain carbon, but they are made up of molecules of amino acids
  - facilitates vitamin absorption
  - function as hormones and chemical transmitters within nerves
  - generate and transmit nerve impulses
  - helps children and adolescents to grow
* also helps maintain a strong immune function
  - the proper acid alkali balance
  - regulate body processes
  - is in dairy products, grains and legumes, including beans, peas and lentils
  - line the fenestrations and have a negative charge
  - make up silk
  - move laterally in the lipid bilayer
  - promote satiety and helps patients in adhering to the carbohydrate allowance
  - regulate the specificity, accuracy and efficiency of the splicing process
  - satiates and has the highest thermic effect
* also serve as building materials for the growth and repair of body tissues
  - carriers for nutrients in the blood such as free fatty acids
  - slow down the breakdown of carbohydrate, thus decreasing insulin secretion
  - supplies some energy
  - supply energy when fed in excess of protein needs
* appears to slow down the rate of gastric emptying.
* are a part of just about everything in our bodies
  - second type of intracellular organic molecule
  - very important part of the cell membrane
  - abundant in all organisms and are indeed fundamental to life
* are actually a chain of amino acids linked together
  - polypeptides, chains of more than two amino acids
  - the things which carry out biological function
* are also a concern for a few vegetarians on the Olympic squad
  - significant source of dietary energy
  - chain molecules built up from twenty or so different types of building blocks
  - common sources of human allergies
  - important in maintaining the structure of cells and their organelles
  - little machines that do work inside the cell and inside the organelles
* are also of great importance in food
  - interest to the pharmaceutical and infant formula markets
  - part of enzymes, such as antibodies that help protect from diseases and viruses
  - present in enzymes, hormones, plasma, and antibodies
  - amino acids linked together in chains
* are among the most complex of the body chemicals
  - important building blocks of our body
  - amphoteric molecules and can be separated by electrophoresis
  - an essential nutrient for heterotrophs
* are an essential part of all cells
  - living organisms
  - important part of the study of biology and genetics
* are assembled from amino acids using information encoded in genes
  - on ribosomes
  - available from both plants and animals
  - based on polypeptides , which are unique sequences of amino acids
  - basic constituents in all living organisms
  - believed to increase performance in terms of athletics
  - biological macromolecules containing thousands of atoms
  - biological, nanoscale machines that perform tasks essential for life
  - biology's blue-collar workers
  - body builders and they contain amino acids
  - both structural components and workers in living things
  - broken down into amino acids by peptidases
  - built up of chains of amino acids that are freed and adsorbed in the intestine
  - chains of a. sugars b
* are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
  - together like beads on a necklace
* are chains of amino acids that fold to form very unique structures
  - perform most of the functions of our bodies
  - acids, and new amino acids are added to the chain within the scalp
  - polymers that are composed of amino acids
  - chemicals that perform many different functions necessary for life
  - clearly more chemically varied
  - coils of several hundred amino acids
  - combinations of different amino acids in chains
* are complex biochemicals that serve a variety of purposes in living organisms
  - chemicals that are the building blocks of the body
  - compounds that are made up of smaller compounds called amino acids
* are complex molecules consisting of long chains of amino acids
  - essential to the lives and health of all organisms
  - which contain many chemically bonded amino acids
* are complex organic compounds whose basic structure chain of amino acids
  - polymers composed of twenty different amino acids
  - systems
  - components in all body tissues and are used in growth and repair
* are composed of chains of amino acids joined by pep- tidebonds
  - different combinations of amino acids assembled in chain-like molecules
  - one or more polypeptides
  - substances called amino acids
  - constituents of all living cells and are dietary essentials
  - crucial components of muscle
  - degraded into small peptides and amino acids before absorption
  - dynamic molecules whose motions are important for folding, function and stability
  - easily available in grains and animal tissues
  - elements which do the different jobs our bodies require
* are essential components for cell growth, repair and reproduction
  - of all living cells and serve many different functions
  - elements of all living cells
  - enabling components of the biotechnology revolution
* are essential for all life processes
  - all.life processes
  - building and maintaining muscle and keeping our brains healthy
  - larval growth and egg production in the adult moth
  - proper cellular metabolism and soft tissue synthesis
  - repairing body tissue, reproduction, and give resistance to infection
* are essential for the constant repair and replacement of the body tissues
  - growth of bones
* are essential in our bodies
  - the structure and life of protoplasm
  - nutrients for the human body
* are essential to all cells
* are essential to all living organism
  - build strength and body weight
* are essential to the structure and enzymatic function of the cell
  - function of cells
  - structure, function, and regulation of the body
  - excellent molecules for fueling cellular respiration
  - extremely large molecules with large groupings of amino acids
* are fairly large molecules, made up of strings of amino acids linked like a chain
  - stable and get digested anyway
  - for building and repair
* are formed by linkages of individual amino acids
  - sub units called amino acids
* are found in meat, milk, fish, eggs, soy, beans, legumes, and nuts
  - poultry, fish, cereal grains and beans
  - plants too
  - free to diffuse across the surface of cells
* are fundamental components of all living cells
  - elements of life
  - food components, both functionally and nutritionally
  - to all biology
* are generally large molecules containing hundreds of amino acids
  - much too large to be easily comprehended
  - genetically determined
  - harder to digest than carbohydrates
  - huge molecules with thousands of atoms with at least as many molecular interactions
  - huge, complex molecules whose function is heavily influenced by shape
* are important because they define a cell's work and differentiate one cell from another
  - biological macromolecules present in all organisms
  - chemicals in cells
  - components of all cells
  - constituents of all cells and tissues
* are important for building and repairing muscles
  - muscle and bone growth
* are important in growth, and muscle development
  - the proper and efficient functioning of sight, hearing, and other senses
  - molecules that carry out nearly all biological functions
* are in fact ready made nanomachines
  - many ways the 'workhorses' of the cell
* are key components in enzymes, antibodies, and hormones
  - elements of gene networks
  - large and complex molecules made of smaller pieces called amino acids
* are large molecules built up of small subunits called amino acids
  - made from the linking together of specific sequences of amino acids
* are large molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
  - determine a cell's structure and function
* are large molecules which are built from a repertoire of twenty amino acids
  - can be difficult to synthesize
* are large organic cmpds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain
  - molecules of amazing compositional and conformational diversity
  - polymers of amino acids
  - large, complex molecules made of long chains of amino acids
* are large, complex molecules made up of long chains of subunits called amino acids
  - of smaller subunits called amino acids
  - of smaller units called amino acids
  - substances that are building blocks of living substances
  - complex, nitrogenous compounds built of chains of amino acids
  - like strings of beads wound into bundles
  - linear heteropolymers of fixed length
* are long chain molecules of amino acids with a backbone of covalently bonded atoms
  - chained amino acid assigned in a specific order
* are long chains of amino acids folded into three dimensional shapes
  - held together by peptide bonds
  - that fold into compact yet flexible shapes
  - smaller molecules called amino acids, linked together
  - strands of amino acids joined together
* are long, complex polypeptides
  - folded chainlike molecules made up of building blocks called amino acids
* are made at the ribosomes
  - by tiny machines in the cell called ribosomes
  - from 'amino acids'
  - in the cytoplasm on small organelles called
  - inside of ribosomes
* are made of a chain of dehydrated amino acids
  - amino acids arranged in a linear chain joined together by peptide bonds
* are made of amino acids, small units necessary for growth and tissue repair
  - they are the structure of the organism
  - subunits called amino acids, which are nitrogen containing compounds
  - on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
* are made out of amino acids
  - smaller polypeptides , which are formed of amino acids
* are made up of amino acids which are the building blocks of life
  - small units called amino acids
  - smaller building blocks called amino acids
* are molecules that fold and twist into many physical conformations
  - which serve biological functions
  - more complex, and make for more potent antigens, than carbohydrates
  - much more complicated than nucleic acids
* are natural adhesives, developed over millions of years
  - targets for interventions in the treatment of disease
  - naturally dry and chewy when cooked by methods other than boiling or slow roasting
  - nature's smallest machines
  - nature-made nanomachines central to all areas of life
* are necessary for growth and repair
  - maintaining tissues and for sustaining growth
* are necessary for the growth and repair of the body's muscles, cells and tissues
  - healthy functioning of all cells
  - to maintain and repair the body condition
  - needed for tissue growth and repair
  - never deficient in an adequate caloric diet
  - next to be used up, followed by carbohydrates
  - nitrogenous substances that are the building blocks of life
  - nutrients in the form of amino acids and are requird for healthy cell building
* are nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  - the body uses for growth and the repair of cells
  - often large, complex molecules
* are one of many naturally occuring polymers
  - the main building blocks in living things
* are one of the major categories of both the structure and the chemistry of living things
  - constituents of plant and animal cells
  - targets of oxygen-free radicals and other reactive species
* are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
  - that consists of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds
  - matter
  - molecules found in large quantities in most living systems
  - our chief dietary source of nitrogen
  - part of human diets
  - particularly important buffers in interstitial fluid
  - passed across the apical membrane into the lumen via exocytosis
  - polymer chains made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
* are polymers composed of amino acids
  - containing a backbone or main chain of repeating units the peptides
* are polymers of amino acid with unique structure and function
  - acids, while nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides
  - that are composed of a linear sequence of amino acids
  - polymers, that is, long strings of individual amino acids
  - polypeptides consisting of many amino acids
* are polypeptides of amino acids required for building of body tissues
  - greatly divergent length
* are present either as structural elements or enzymes in wall synthesis
  - in all protoplasm and are characterized by the element nitrogen
* are present in every living cell and form an essential constituent of cells
  - on the planet
  - small quantities in nearly every type of food
  - on the surface of cancer cells which bind hormones
  - prevented from folding in the cytoplasm
  - prior-digested with trypsin to give peptides
  - responsible for carrying out all the cellular work
* are responsible for every chemical reaction essential for life
  - essential to life
  - many activities at the cellular level
  - mediating the effects of retinoic acid on gene transcription
* are responsible for the growth and repair of the body itself
  - selectivity of membrane transport
  - unwinding, copying, and rewinding DNA strands during replication
  - sensitive markers of early onset of disease, and of obvious importance to diagnosis
  - simple, straight, small molecules
  - sometimes coats of a virus
* are strings that fold into complex shapes
  - with an alphabet of twenty amino acids
  - strong - like building blocks
* are substances made from combinations of amino acids
  - synthesised according to a DNA code
* are the 'machinery' of a cell
  - action superheroes of the body
* are the basic building blocks of all cells
  - component of all animal and vegetable tissues
  - material of all living cells
* are the basis for wool, silk and other animal-derived filaments
  - of how biology gets things done
* are the biological building blocks for actions in an organism
  - molecules that give living cells their diverse forms and functions
* are the body's building blocks
  - primary component and the basis of all enzyme reactions
  - building blocks for all body parts, including muscles, bones, hair, and nails
* are the building blocks of human life, essential for normal growth
* are the building blocks of living cells and control many vital biochemical processes
  - muscle tissue
* are the building blocks of the body, and are needed for both growth and maintenance
  - cellular machinery
* are the chemical building blocks of living materials
  - compounds of amino acids, which regulate much of the body's functioning
  - cogs and gears of bacteria
  - common material of tendons, muscles, enzymes, etc
  - complicated mixtures of amino acids that regulate many of the body's functions
  - core structure of living cells
  - essence of life
  - essential components of all organs and chemical activities in the body
  - expression of the genetic information carried in genes
  - functional molecules in our cells
  - gene products that carry out specific functions in a cell
  - hardest to digest
  - key to the complexities of human physiology
  - last class of nutrients
  - macromolecules that preform almost all of the cell's work
* are the main building blocks of the human body
  - molecules for energy transduction and signal sensing in living systems
* are the major building block out of which our body is made
  - components of body tissue that are needed for growth and repair
  - macromolecule component of tissues
  - operational polymers
  - mediators of all biological functions
  - missing link between the genetic code and the disease process
  - molecular machines that carry out genetic instructions
* are the molecules that carry out all of the work of the cell
  - most cellular functions
  - perform all the functions of cells and living organisms
* are the most abundant buffers in the body
  - polymeric components in living cells
  - diverseassemblage of biological compounds
  - important components of wheat grains, governing end-use quality
  - numerous of chain molecules
  - reactive molecules in food allergic disease
  - next level up from genes
  - nitrogen-containing key components of all living organisms
  - nutrients needed for tissue growth and repair
  - only substances digested in the stomach
* are the primary functional units of every cell
  - mechanism for moving all but lipid soluble compounds across the membrane
  - product of genes and also the structural stuff of cells and tissues
  - second-most abundant substances in the body, next to water
  - targets of rational drug design
* are the work force
  - horses of cells
  - worker molecules in every living thing
* are the workhorses for the cell
  - of biological life
* are the workhorses of the cell, but they are easily rendered useless
  - cells, the molecules that conduct the business of life
  - thus polymer chains of amino acids bonded by peptides
  - to genes as buildings are to blueprints
  - too large to be absorbed into the bloodstream
  - truly remarkable molecules
* are ubiquitous and show diverse shapes, sizes, and functions
  - bio-polymers with a huge range of very different functions
  - used to repair the body
* are very complex and versitile macromolecules
  - crucial in the prevention of marasmus and kwashiorkor in Children
* are vital for lean muscle and bone growth
  - the development and survival of any living organism
  - molecules that control all sorts of processes in our body
  - wadded-up strands made from beads of amino acid
  - what get things done
* are, most importantly here, crucial for the process of photosynthesis.
* arranges itself to allow light rays to pass through and to focus the rays onto the retina.
* arrays allow gene expression analysis on the scale of a few or single cells.
* attach to the centromeres creating the kinetochores.
* based calories are preferable to fat based calories.
  - drier and tougher
* begin chemical digestion in the stomach
  - in the cells as one-dimensional strings
  - to bind almost randomly with other proteins
* being studied include insulin, endothelin, and vascular endothelial growth factor.
* bind to host cell receptors
  - specific regions of DNA to inhibit expression of one or more genes
  - the resin via electrostatic interactions
* binding - some formaldehyde is bound to substances in the urine and surrounding tissues.
* binding is independent of total drug concentrations
  - more important for basic drugs and pKa for acidic drugs
  - substantially affects pharmacokinetics and cell toxicity in many organs
* bound to the DNA produce an even larger deflection.
* branch out in all directions from a common center.
* break into amino acids
  - smaller fragments, influenced by hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach
* breaks down into to simpler compounds called amino acids
  - urea, a waste product in the urine
* build and maintain tissue and are also important in resistance to disease
  - repair body tissue help fight off infections
  - body with moisture and conditioning
  - muscle and provide the necessary amino acids for metabolic functions
  - muscle, but consumed in large amounts is hard on the kidneys
  - tissues and carry out a number of critical functions in the body
* builds and repairs body tissue and helps form germ- fighting antibodies
* builds and repairs muscles, builds and repairs skin and other cells
  - ligaments, tendons and other body tissues
  - muscle mass
  - muscle, organ, and all body tissue
  - new cells
* builds strong muscles and blood
  - tissue and cells in the body
* builds, maintains and repairs body tissue.
* can affect alertness, attention, concentration and ability to learn.
* can also act as enzymes , which transform certain chemical compounds into other compounds
  - be a cause for concern especially among vegetarians who avoid milk and eggs
  - become modified or blocked during electrophoretic separation
  - bind to, or even be integrated into, cell membranes
  - serve as a source of energy
  - supply the body with energy during starvation or intense exercise
  - assemble in groups to build larger structures
  - attach a variety of chemical tags to histones
* can be negatively or positively charged or neutral
  - tens of nanometers across
  - bind to other proteins as well as to small-molecule substrates
  - change their environments, but they have no mechanism for reproduction
* can come from both animals and plants
  - eggs, meat, fish, poultry, nuts, legumes, and dairy products
  - differ in both the number and order of amino acids
  - exist in more than one conformation
  - either structural or functional roles in biological systems
  - modulate the properties of ligands to which they bind
  - pass through both mito
  - passively allow molecules to move through a channel, or simple hole, in the protein
  - promote excess prolactin secretion
  - repair a damaged coat by helping to rebuild the cuticle of the hair shaft
  - safely fluctuate from day to day
  - serve a wide variety of functions through their ability to bind to other molecules
  - trigger the release of energizing brain chemicals that help fight a late-morning slump
  - out most of the chemical activity in cells
* carry out the activities of cells, and making proteins is what genes mostly do
  - vast majority of functions in the body
  - virtually all of life s essential functions through chemical reactions
* catalyze the activity of life.
* cause latex allergies.
* chemical entity.
  - the blood in inactive form
* coagulates when it is heated.
* coating the surface of each virus create a fuzzy, halo-like appearance.
  - other chemicals that cause the injured area to become inflamed
* come from foods such as fish, chicken, beef, and milk
  - in many sizes and shapes, and their functions often depend on tiny structural details
* comes from a variety of sources, including nuts, cheese and fish
  - both animal and plant material, and varies in digestibility
  - in different forms
  - mostly from meat
* complex chemical structure of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen
  - combination of amino acids present in living matter
* component of skin, eyes and the brain.
* comprise a single or multiple lengthy chains of amino acid residues
  - the majority of the structural and functional substances that make up our bodies
* consist of a non-branched chain of amino acids , hooked end to end
  - polypeptide backbone with attached side chains
  - string of amino acids
* consist of amino acids in different proportions
* consist of chains of amino acids , joined by peptide bonds
  - hundreds or thousands of amino acids joined with peptide bonds
  - subunits known as amino acids
* consist of long chains of amino acids, of which there are only about twenty kinds
  - units known as amino-acids
  - nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen
  - very long strings of individual units called amino acids
* consists as a chain of amino acids linked together
* constitute the enzymes and many of the structural components of cells.
* consumed is utilized by the body based upon the source of the protein.
* contain amino acids, sometimes referred to as the building blocks of protein
  - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur and phosphorus
  - nitrogen, which other foods lack
  - only L-isomers of amino acids
  - several classes of weak acid groups
  - sulfur but no phosphorus
* containing tyrosin are turned yellow by nitric acid.
* contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and usually sulfur.
* contains sulfur, but very little phosphorus
  - which our livers turn into sulfuric acid
* continues to be inserted until it reaches the hydrophobic stop signal sequence.
* control all cellular processes in the human body
  - biochemical reactions and determine the physical structure of organisms
  - many biological processes in organisms ranging from bacteria to plants and humans
  - nearly every system in our bodies
* critical component to our body's functioning.
* critical nutrient in all beef cattle diets
  - the dairy ration
* cross to the tubular fluid in inverse proportion to their size and negative charge.
* database of protein sequences in fasta format -pfam pfam hmm library.
* decide how the body is made up and develops.
* depend on DNA for their formation.
* determine the physical and chemical characteristics of cells and therefore organisms.
* differ in the number, sequence, and kinds of amino acids.
* digests more slowly.
* directory of HMMs with a file called HMMs in it indicating which HMMs there.
* do different things depending on their shape
  - many other things, too
* do most of the work in cells
  - of the cell in the form of enzymes
* do the work and communication inside a living cell
  - of the body, building structures and catalyzing biochemical reactions
* drives development of the testes.
* durable nutrient, yet quite fragile at the same time.
* electrostatically bind onto a matrix bearing the opposite charge.
* embedded in the membrane carry crucial signals or materials from one side to the other.
* encoded by the put operon allow cells to use proline as a sole carbon or nitrogen source
  - viral genomes play unique and critical roles in viral infections
* encourages bacterial growth, acids slow it down.
  - the nucleus through nuclear pores
* enzyme frequently perform general acid-base catalysis.
* equal meat.
* evolve, along with their functions, such as enzymatic activities.
* exert their actions after binding to phosphorous.
* exist in a world of intricate circularity
  - every cell and are essential to plant and animal life
  - adherence or prevent phagocytosis
* feeds brain cells and protein isn t found in potato chips and cola.
* float in the bilayer.
* fold as quickly as a millionth of a second
  - based on the sequence and properties of the amino acids
  - in sequential stages, by translocation of their polypeptide into folding compartments
  - irregularities that hinder sequence analysis
* fold recognition at the secondary structure level
  - by mapping predicted secondary structures
  - using sequence-derived predictions
  - too fast to warrant the conclusion that they sample all possible states
* folding Even studies on folding pathways are possible for proteins
  - studies on lysozyme and membrane proteins are also underway
* folds - towards understanding folding from inspection of native structures
  - consist of three-dimensional angles
  - in the worm genome
* form an important part in foods like milk , eggs , meat , fish , beans , and nuts
  - many structural features such as hair, hooves, and tendons
  - structural connections between cells
* forms a major part of our structure.
* forms the building blocks of muscles, blood, skin, hair, nails and internal tissues
  - collagen woven framework, which gets mineralized into bone formation
* function in many ways
  - some body regulating processes and are a source of energy
* give rise to emergent properties
  - unique genes
* gives the body structure, shape and definition.
* gradually elevates and sustains blood sugar, essential physically but also mentally.
* guide the flow of electrons in photosynthesis.
* has a greater metabolic boost than fat or carbohydrates
  - four calories of energy per gram
* has little direct effect on blood sugar levels
* have a central role in cell biology
  - large variety of functions
  - role in all aspects of cell structure and functions
  - value as builders of body tissue
  - variety of functions in the living protoplasm
  - very complex structure
  - an extraordinary variety of functions
  - benefits
  - helices as well, shown as the tight yellow and brown spirals
  - important biological functions and fold into complicated three-dimensional structures
* have many functions, however
  - negative charges per molecule
  - uses in cells, such as being used as a structural material to build cell parts
  - several levels of structural organization
  - structure at several levels
  - the ability to manipulate other atoms
  - their own code, which is more complex than the genetic code
  - to be approved by the nucleus to go through the nuclear membrane
  - unique amino acid sequences as specified by genes
  - cells perform their functions
  - make bone and muscle and fur, they also are responsible for turning food into energy
  - the cells properly organize to regenerate new tissue
* helps balance insulin release through production of the hormone glucagon.
* helps build and repair body tissue and is of paramount important to bodybuilding
  - new muscle fibers after a workout or exercise
  - antibodies and helps build and repair body tissues
  - muscle, bone, skin and blood
  - muscles and strong bones
  - moderate swings in glucose levels
  - muscles grow and repair and it provides energy and heat
  - promote acidic urine
  - rebuild and maintain muscle mass and it aids in healing and repair of body tissues
  - replace worn-out cells
  - slow down digestion
  - speed burn healing by rebuilding collagen, a building block of skin tissue
  - sustain a high metabolism, thus increasing muscle building and calorie burning
* helps the baby grow
  - body repair tissues and fight infections
  - fetus grow
  - growth and healing of a body and gives energy
* helps to prevent muscle loss
  - replace losses resulting from immobility
  - with growth and repair of a body
* holds water inside the blood vessels.
* hydrolysate formula.
* include seafood.
* includes atoms.
* includes chemical chain
* increases ones fluid requirements and diminishes the tolerance to cold
  - the metabolism of the drug
* indeed play crucial roles in virtually all biological processes.
* influence kidneys.
* inhibit cell growth
* inhibits calcium absorption, as does smoking and heavy alcohol use.
* intake in our diets today is highly variable.
* interact with the matrix based on their molecular weight.
* involved in vesicle budding and fusion are non-specific.
* is absolutely essential for healthy brain tissue and even our hair, skin and nails
  - tissue as well as our hair, skin and nails
  - necessary for life and growth
  - absorbed as amino acids in the lower duodenum and the jejunum
* is abundant in a wide range of foods, particularly in foods of animal origin
  - nearly all of the foods people eat
  - added through hunting
* is also a building block for our muscles, bones, cartilage, skin, hair, and blood
  - necessary component of hormones, enzymes and hemoglobin
  - critical to the reproductive cycle
  - helpful in a balanced diet
* is also important as an aid for the body in preventing infection
  - because it's the basic food for cells, and so for a beings growth
* is also important for building enzymes and hormones that the body needs
  - growth and development during childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy
  - growth, as well as lactation and improved digestion
  - in calcium balance
  - important, but most people get more than enough protein in an average diet
  - one of the most important element for the health of the body
  - present in dairy products
  - somewhat similar to rhodopsin of the eye
  - an essential building block of the body
* is an essential component of our diets
* is an essential nutrient and carries out many important functions in the body
  - in any healthy diet
  - nutrient, so potential applications cover a broad range
  - part of nutrition, and second only to water in the body s composition
  - expensive source of calories compared to carbohydrates
  - important bodybuilding food
* is an important building block of bones, muscles, cartilage, skin , and blood
  - that helps build muscle
  - element in a healthy diet
* is an important nutrient and the most abundant solid material in meat
  - for garden birds throughout the year
* is an important nutrient, especially when the body is in a disease state
  - essential for the growth and repair of body cells
* is an important part of an athlete's diet - it helps heal injuries to muscles and bones
  - everyone s diet especially the sports person
  - wellness and nutrition
  - quality factor in wheat
  - available in all foods other than refined white sugar
  - both an energy source an a source of amino acids
* is broken down by the liver and kidneys
  - in the gut and absorbed into the blood stream as ammonia
  - built up of amino acids
  - burned up as calories in exercise
  - calculated, assuming nitrogen as fixed percentage of total body protein
* is composed of amino acid building blocks and is important in building and repairing muscle
  - acids and serve as the body's workhorses
  - acids, which, when digested, increase the blood's acidity
  - several fractions which vary in their solubility in the rumen
  - comprised of twenty-two amino acids that maintain and protect the body
* is crucial for good health
  - to muscle recovery and burning off fat
  - currently the component of whey that produces the greatest value
* is derived from animals and animal by-products
  - arthropods
  - designed to absorb fast
  - different from gelatine
  - difficult to digest
  - divided into that which is undegradable and degradable in the rumen
  - easy to find on a vegetarian diet
  - equally important as the builder of muscle and provider of necessary vitamins
  - especially important for muscle gains
* is essential for building and maintaining body tissues
  - muscle formation, without it they break down
* is essential for muscle growth and maintenance
  - post-workout repair
  - normal cellular growth, repair and maintenance
* is essential in the diet of a healthy individual
  - whitetails' diet
* is essential to build and maintain strong muscles
  - build, maintain and repair the body s tissue
  - building lean muscle tissue, a key factor in superior athletic performance
  - promote good health
  - the human body for growth and repair of tissue
  - when dieting or working out
  - estimated based upon the amount of bound nitrogen in the sample
* is extremely important for a strong immune system and tissue repair
  - the growth and repair of muscle tissue
* is found in a wide variety of foods
  - all green leafy vegetables and, in fact, in all living plants
  - animal and non-animal foods
  - beans, nuts, cheese, soya, tofu, eggs and seeds
  - beef, as well as the minerals iron, zinc, and phosphorus
  - food, and is most highly concentrated in animal sources than other sources
  - foods such as beef, poultry, pork, fish, cheese and eggs
  - lots of different foods
  - many foods such as meat, fish, poultry, and eggs
* is found in meat, chicken, fish, eggs, some cheese, dried beans, tofu', grains and nuts
  - dairy products and beans
  - eggs, and beans
* is found in meat, fish, liver, poultry, eggs, milk and soybeans
  - poultry, dairy, dried peas and beans
  - poultry, fish, dairy products, beans and some vegetables
  - most plant foods as well as in animal foods
  - poultry, fish, dairy, eggs, beans and some vegetables
  - practically every food
  - the urine along with white blood cells
  - mostly in meats and dairy products
  - frequently the key limiting nutrient
* is given in amounts to help promote growth
  - to sheep the most when production is high
  - high in phosphorus and can be a cause of loss of calcium from the bone
  - highly antigenic
* is important at every meal, especially for the iron that it usually provides
  - because it plays an essential role in protecting the body
  - economically for total ration formulation
* is important for all animals
  - healthy hair
  - muscle growth and to repair body tissues
  - stamina
* is important in a healthy diet
  - building, maintaining, and repairing body tissues
  - to the organs, muscles, nervous system, blood vessels and skeleton
  - unless renal disease is present
* is in all animal foods and some plant foods, but in smaller amounts
  - foods except fruits and fats such as oil and margarines
  - known to satisfy hunger the best, followed by carbohydrate and fat
  - less effective than carbohydrates at being burned for energy
* is made of small building units called amino acids
  - strings of amino acids like uneven pearls
* is made up of a combination of basic units called amino acids
  - long chain of amino acids
* is made up of amino acids of which lysine is the first limiting amino acid
  - that have the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen
  - which are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
* is made up of amino acids, the building blocks of the entire body
  - which contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
  - essential and non - essential amino acids
  - hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen and sometimes phosphorus and sulfur
  - protein building blocks called amino acids
  - strings of amino acids all joined together
  - when long, linear chains of amino acids fold into precise shapes
  - meant to drive calf growth
* is metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys into the urine
  - in the liver, then excreted to the kidneys for disposal in the urine
* is necessary for development of all new cells
  - egg and brood development, while proteins are used for energy storage
* is necessary for growth and development
  - maintenance of body structures
  - growth, so it s extremely important that protein intake doesn t fall short
  - many body systems, including the development of muscles
  - optimal growth
  - proper immune system function
  - reducing the risk of iron deficiency anemia and to improve healing
  - tissue building and repair
  - to supply essential amino acids used by the body to build muscle tissue
  - needed by young children to grow and develop
* is needed for body repair of muscles, tissue, brain, heart and other body organs
  - building cells
  - cells to be able to carry out their required functions
  - energy during all exercise tasks including endurance
* is needed for growth and maintenance of body tissues
  - repair of every cell in the body
  - to help the body repair itself
* is needed for growth, maintenance and repair of all body tissues
  - muscle development, healthy immunity and wound healing
  - normal body maintenance and growth, reproduction, lactation and antler growth
  - repair and maintenance of blood and body tissues, including liver tissue
  - the structure, function, and regulation of the body
  - in the diet for muscle and tissue growth and repair
* is needed to build muscle and, to a lesser extent, as a fuel source
  - muscle, cells, and organs in the body
  - muscles and tissue and provide energy
  - fight infection and to heal damaged liver cells
  - help the muscles recover
* is needed to maintain healthy cells and to help build resistance to infection
  - the tissues in the body
  - rebuild muscle and other protein-based tissues
* is obtained from animals
  - primarily by eating meat, but there are many other sources
  - obviously important for building muscle
  - often the major limiting nutrient in a sheep diet
  - one of six classes of essential nutrients
* is one of the easiest nutrients to get
  - main building blocks of the body
  - major nutrient components of a well-balanced diet
* is one of the most expensive nutrients to supplement in the diet
  - fundamental nutrients for humans to live
  - important considerations in planning meals during a pregnancy
  - powerful influences on appetite
  - widely discussed nutrients in the sports world
  - three major nutrients in food and an important part of a diabetes meal plan
  - produced by the microorganisms from the nitrogen in the feed
  - proportionally higher in young than older leaves
  - required as it helps to build and repair tissues of our body
* is required for egg production
  - growing, body repair, and maintenance
  - milk production and reproductive tract reconditioning after calving
* is required to build and maintain muscle
  - help with muscle repair post exercise
  - responsible for building and maintaining muscles
  - rich in amino acids, which are the building block of all muscles in the body
  - so important to help people feel satisfied after a meal
  - sometimes present in trace amounts in normal urine
  - stimulator to the endocrine system
  - stored in the grain, fruit and seeds of plants
  - the ''building block'' of body tissue
* is the basic building block of the body
  - material of life
* is the body's main source of nitrogen, and when it breaks down, nitrogen is excreted
  - most plentiful substance except for water and, possibly, fat
* is the building block of animals and humans
  - blocks of DNA, the basic structure of the human body
  - cornerstone of human existence
  - counter balance to the carbohydrate problem
  - essential ingredient for cell growth and repair
  - foundation of a good diet and is made up of amino acids
  - fundamental structural material of every cell in the body
  - important factor in summer weight gain
  - key food fuel in eliminating body fat
* is the key to both fat loss and lean muscle gain
  - strong, healthy muscles and is absolutely necessary for our everyday diet
* is the main building material of the body
  - component of muscles, organs, and glands
  - supplement provided to beef cattle in Tennessee
  - thing in skin, organs, muscles, hair and fingernails
* is the major building block for the body
  - organic component in all body parts
* is the most abundant class of all biological molecules
  - expensive ingredient in food
  - important part of our meals, whether to gain or lose weight
  - serious loss in alfalfa due to potato leafhopper feeding
  - nutrient most responsible for cell growth and cell repair
* is the nutrient that builds and repairs
  - gets most attention in the vegetarian diet
  - the body uses to build new tissue
* is the only nutrient that can be used to build muscle
  - other major part of the endosperm
  - primary food component broken down in the stomach
  - raw material that the body uses to build lean muscle tissue
  - second of our two dietary sources of blood sugar
  - single most important ingredient in fish foods
  - source of amino aids and nitrogen in feeds
  - substance that makes up all living matter
  - toughest nutrient to digest
  - then unavailable to build and repair muscle tissue
* is used as an energy source, only in the absence of carbohydrates
  - the building blocks of our body tissue
* is used by the body for energy and the body needs more energy to fight off illness
  - to build, maintain, and repair body tissues
  - to build and repair lean muscle tissue
* is usually the first limiting nutrient in dormant forage
  - most expensive part of the diet
  - utilized to produce breast milk and nourish the growing baby
* is very important for growing children
  - wild turtle's to grow
  - in maintaining strong bones and muscles
  - vital to a duck's health
* is vital to the development of tissues in the body among many things
  - growth and development of all body tissues
* is what builds all the tissues in the body from hair to muscle
  - comprises the muscles
* is, of course, the nutrient that new vegetarians worry about the most.
* key essential element for muscle growth and recovery
  - nutrient in building muscle
* kinase A activation of glucocorticoid-mediated signalling in the embryonic retina
  - regulatory subunits in colon cancer
  - a activity modulates natriuretic peptide-dependent cgmp accumulation in renal cells
  - dependent chloride currents in feline ventricular myocytes
* kinases Many biological signals act through G proteins.
* lacking one or more essential amino acids are incomplete proteins.
* leak into the alveoli and inhibits the surfactant function
  - out in large amounts
* leaks into the retina during diabetes.
* longer lasting energy source.
* lose their ability to function if their structure changes.
* made by body to combine with foreign material thus activating the immune system.
* major issue in bison diets as it is usually the most expensive nutrient after minerals.
* make cells grow larger
  - many of the structures and all the enzymes in a cell or organism
  - the functional machinery of life
* make up a large part of each cell in the human body
  - major portion of cell enzymes and mechanical structure
  - about half of the dry weight of the bodies of living organisms
  - much of our bodies
* makes hair follicles stronger
  - up most of our part of the body
* manufactured inside our cells each have a specific destination within or outside the cell.
* migrate to their isoelectric points where they form tight bands.
* misfolding cyclic amplification uses sonication to generate PrPres and infectivity in vitro.
* move from there to the vacuole.
* natural polymer formed from molecules called amino acids.
* necessary component of muscle building and the natural repair system of the body.
* need for continue growth
  - rapid development
  - viral reproduction
* need from food
* needs can vary, depending on the stage of liver disease.
* needs increase for intense exercisers, along with their calorie needs
  - when the body is stressed by injury, infection, surgery, or illness
* needs, as well as that of other nutrients, is related to energy intake.
* normally are linear polypeptide chains
  - help the body repair tissue
* nutrient needed by the human body for growth and maintenance
  - that provides the framework for all living cells
* occasionally take detours to off pathway species.
* occupy a central position in the architecture and functioning of living matter.
* occur in all animal and vegetable matter and are necessary for growth and repair.
* occurs in meat and milk products and is important for muscle building.
* often remain soluble
  - taste bitter to some children undergoing treatment
* part of every body cell and is needed to repair body cells as they wear out.
* participate in every process of a cell.
* perform a huge variety of roles
  - wide variety of activities in the cell
  - numerous important functions in the body
* performs the same functions in sedentary and physically active individuals.
* play a big role in building the brain
  - central role in virtually every aspect of human metabolism
  - crucial role in virtually all the fundamental processes in the living cell
  - vital role in the formation of structures in living organisms
* play an important role in biochemistry
  - many food systems
  - integral role in transport through the cell membrane
  - roles in almost all biological processes
  - diverse roles in living things
* play important roles in daily life, from providing nourishment to fighting disease
  - nearly every biological process
* play key roles in biological systems
* play vital roles in daily life, from providing nourishment to fighting disease
  - the operation of the human body
* plays a key role in candida
  - major role during lactation to affect quantity and quality of milk produced
  - very versatile role in the body
* plays an essential role in health
  - important role in the regulation of bodily functions
  - varied and crucial roles in every cell of the body
* poor source of immediate energy, and it contributes to dehydration.
* precipitate out and some other chemical modifications take place.
* produced in mammalian cells are more likely to be bioactive, but the yields are much lower
  - plant systems are safe and offer the advantages of large-scale production
* produces diuresis and additional water needs to be consumed.
  - growth and repair body tissues
  - cell structure and are involved in cell signaling and cell communication functions
  - essential yeast nutrients and contribute to the body and head retention of beer
  - immune protection
  - remaining energy, only after meeting the requirements for dietary amino acids
  - ways to moderate the body's machinery
* provides building blocks for new cells, including muscle and immune cells
  - stamina by building and maintaining strong muscles
* provides the body with energy
  - growth element for body tissues
  - structure of all living things
* pumps in the membrane are used for active transport.
* putrefy and rot, carbohydrates ferment, and oils and fats turn rancid.
* quickens thinking and reactions.
* rapidly associate and dissociate with specific nuclear subcompartments.
* react with other molecules in a specific way because of the manner in which they fold
  - the inverted sugars, adding flavor, texture, and color
* recognize the shape and surface properties of other molecules.
  - every aspect of cellular function
  - when other genes start or stop encoding proteins, which produce specific traits
* represent one of our three food energy sources, together with carbohydrates and fats.
* require a defined three-dimensional structure to fulfill central tasks in living organisms
  - an acid treatment for their digestion
* requires mammalian or eukaryotic post translational modifications.
* seem to block a cell's access tothese genes.
* seems to make the kidneys work harder, reducing dietary protein reduces their workload.
* sequences, as simple strings of text, are generally more complex and distinguishable.
* serve a myriad of functions.
* serve as the primary building blocks of connective tissues such as ligaments and tendons
  - receptors, or true targets, for all drugs on the market today
* serve many important functions in plants and animals, and viruses cause diseases
  - purposes in the body
* skimming is important in the grow out tanks because it controls phosphate.
* slows down digestion.
* source of essential amino acids which are vital for normal growth.
  - reactions by working as a biological catalyst
* stimulate activities.
* store the same information more economically, using less material.
* strands that attach to centromere region during M-phase of cell cycle.
* supports normal growth and development.
* synthesizes enzymes, hormones and antibodies.
* take instructions from genes to do much of the work inside cells.
* takes a long time to digest.
* tend to fold into the lowest energy conformation
  - starve yeasts and carbohydrates ultimately break down into sugars
* then provide the biochemical muscle that drives the biology of the cell.
* toxin a small poisonous molecule, produced naturally from bacteria or plants.
* toxins from snake venoms are currently under investigation.
* typically fold into specific three-dimensional structures that determine their functions
  - have very specific functions, such as proteins that act as enzymes or hormones
* undergo normal eukaryotic post-translational modifications
* use only one type of bond.
* very important macro-nutrient, one which is often neglected and misunderstood
  - stable energy source
* volatile fuel - our bodies use it right away, and then, it's gone.
* work well because they are often long, branching, stringy chains of molecules.
* works the same on skin regardless of the source.
+ Biochemistry, Macromolecules, Proteins
  * Proteins are polymers of amino acids. There are twenty different common types of amino acid. Broadly speaking, they have two kinds of function. Muscle, for example, is mainly made of protein.
+ Bioinformatics, The process: Biology :: Computer science
  * Proteins are the 'machinery' of a cell. They can perform many functions like transportation, structural support, movement and metabolism. Proteins are made from 'amino acids'. There are twenty different amino acids that are used to build millions of different protein molecules.
+ Carbohydrate, Nutrition and foods: Biochemistry :: Nutrition
  * Carbohydrates are the most common source of energy for the human body. Protein builds tissue and cells in the body. Carbohydrates are very good for energy, but, if a person eats more than needed, the extra is changed into fat.
+ DNA, Protein synthesis: Cell biology :: Macromolecules
  * A piece of DNA that contains instructions to make a protein is called a gene. Each gene has the sequence for at least one polypeptide. Many complex proteins consist of more than one polypeptide, and the polypeptides are coded separately. Proteins form structures, and also form enzymes. The enzymes do most of the work in cells. Proteins are made out of smaller polypeptides, which are formed of amino acids. To make a protein to do a particular job, the correct amino acids have to be joined up in the correct order.
  * Proteins are made by tiny machines in the cell called ribosomes. Ribosomes are in the main body of the cell, but DNA is only in the nucleus of the cell. The codon is part of the DNA, but DNA never leaves the nucleus.
+ Gel electrophoresis, Applications, Protein separation: Chemistry :: Biochemistry
  * Proteins are large and complex molecules made of smaller pieces called amino acids. Proteins can be studied by gel electrophoresis in two ways. One way is to take a mixture of proteins and separate them in the gel. The other way is to breakdown a single protein into smaller pieces. The smaller pieces can then be separated in the gel.
+ Gene expression: Genetics :: Cell biology :: Molecular biology
  * The basic idea is that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. Proteins make many of the structures and all the enzymes in a cell or organism.
+ Genetics, Genes and development, Gene expression: History of science
+ Meat
  * Meat is an important part of the diet of many people because it contains protein. Protein helps the growth and healing of a body and gives energy. People who cannot afford meat, or who do not like to eat it need to find other ways to get enough protein in their diet. Beans and certain nuts are also high in protein. People that choose not to eat meat are called vegetarians, and those who do not eat any animal product are known as vegans.
+ Nutrient, Substances that provide energy: Ecology
  * Proteins are organic compounds that consists of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds. In nutrition, proteins are broken down through digestion back into free amino acids.
+ Nutrition: Healthy lifestyle :: Physiques
  * Protein is needed for building cells. It is found in meat, beans, and eggs. Protein is made of amino acids.
+ Protein structure: Molecular biology :: Proteins
  * Proteins are important biological macromolecules present in all organisms. They are polymers formed from 20 possible amino acids by RNA translation. Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids.
+ Protein, Proteins for humans
  * Proteins do different things depending on their shape. They can be found in meat or muscle. They are used for growth and repair, as well as for strengthening the bones. They help to make tissue and cells. They are in animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and also in the human body.
  * Muscles contain a lot of protein. When protein is digested, it is broken down into its amino acids. These amino acids can then be used to build new protein. Proteins form an important part in foods like milk, eggs, meat, fish, beans, and nuts. There are four things that determine what a protein will do. The first is the order of the amino acids. There are 20 amino acids, and they are all a bit different. The second is the little twists in the chain. The third is how the entire thing is folded up.
+ Stop codon
  * Proteins are based on polypeptides, which are unique sequences of amino acids. Most codons in messenger RNA correspond to the addition of an amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain, which may ultimately become a protein. Stop codons indicate the end of this process, and therefore, the end of protein synthesis.
+ Sulfur, Uses: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals
  * Sulfur is commonly used in gunpowder, medicine, and matches. Matches release sulfur dioxide when they burn, giving them their smell. Sulfur is an essential component to living cells. Many proteins contain sulfur. It is also used as a pesticide on organic farms.