### animal | worm | flatworm:

Tapeworm
* All tapeworms are parasitic
  - share a body plan
* Many tapeworms have a trunk divided into a succession of proglottids.
* Most tapeworms absorb food
  - nutrients
  - affect pets
  - are located in guts
* Most tapeworms cause blockage
  - health problems
* Most tapeworms cause serious health problems
  - symptoms
  - come from common foods
  - consume nutrients
  - develop in intestines
* Most tapeworms have anatomies
  - characteristics
  - cilia
  - hosts
  - intermediate hosts
  - proteins
* Most tapeworms live in intestines
  - small intestines
  - make both eggs and sperm
  - occur in guts
  - parasitize hosts
  - pass through intestines
  - reach maturity
  - rely on hosts
* Most tapeworms require hosts
* Most tapeworms steal certain vitamins
  - usually infect dogs when they ingest fleas or nonaquatic animals
* Some tapeworms are parasites of dogs
  - attack reproductive organs
  - cause headaches
  - develop cancer
  - feed food
* Some tapeworms have difficulty
  - more than one intermediate host
* Some tapeworms infect cats
  - horses
  - humans
  - lungs
  - pigs
  - inhabit intestines
  - lead to digestive trouble
  - leave descendants
* Some tapeworms live in digestive tracts
  - up to years
* Some tapeworms reach intestines
  - length
  - survive for years
* Some tapeworms utilize glucose
  - sugar glucose.
  * They are parasitic, which means that they need another larger creature as a host. Tapeworms live inside the intestines of vertebrate animals. This includes humans. When a vertebrate has a tapeworm, they may lose weight and become weaker.
  * are hermaphrodite, with both sexes. Cross-fertilization occurs between two tapeworms in the same intestine. They have a life cycle with a secondary or intermediate host. For example, human tapeworms have cows or pigs as intermediate hosts
* absorb food particles from their hosts
  - nutrient's from the host's intestine
* act as parasites to wolves and caribou.
* also lack a circulatory system and an organ specialized for gas exchange
  - live in the dog's intestine
* are a member of the group of parasites called flatworms, which also includes flukes
  - parasite that are found in the small intestine of dogs
  - ribbon-like flat worm that are parasite s that live in the intestines of puppies
  - acquired by eating undercooked meats or practicing poor sanitary habits
* are acquired by ingesting the immediate host containing larvae
* are also flatworms
  - parasitic and are adapted for life within a host
  - among the best adapted of parasites, meaning that they harm their host the least
* are an example of an endoparasite
  - internal parasite that can be contracted from the ingestion of infected fleas
  - bad for chickens if the load gets too heavy
  - endoparasites which have numerous adaptations to enhance parasitic nutrition
  - even more reduced in structure than flukes
* are flat and look like grains of rice
  - worms that live in a person's digestive tract
* are flat, segmented worms that live in the intestines of some animals
  - white worms that are made up of tiny segments
  - flatworms that are segmented
  - found in llamas
  - hard to get rid of
  - hermaphrodite , with both sexes
  - heterotrophic
  - interesting because they have the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually
  - internal parasites of vertebrates
  - intestinal parasites that usual infest mammals
  - long flat woms that live very simple lives
  - long, and flat and look like white ribbons
* are long, flat, intestinal worms found in humans and many other animals
  - parasitic worms that live in the intestines of dogs and cats
  - ribbon-like and can be less than an inch to several feet long
  - whitish and faintly segmented
* are made almost entirely of reproductive proglottids
  - up of segments, and they get longer by growing new segments
  - nasty parasites that set up shop in the intestinal tract
  - of special concern
* are one of the most common intestinal parasite of dogs
  - intestinal parasites of cats
* are parasites of Vertebrates and lack a centralized head or digestive system
  - the digestive system and can be transmitted to humans
* are parasites that can live in the intestines of animals and humans
  - live in the intestinal tract of humans and other animals
  - sometimes infest pigs, cattle, and fish
* are parasitic flatworms meaning they spend their adult life inside of a host
  - that live in human and animal digestive tracks
  - segmented parasites that can often be seen around the fur of a cat's hind quarters
  - simple animals and are totally reliant on their hosts for survival
  - small white worms that look like little inch worms
  - transmitted indirectly by cockroaches, beetles, or fleas
  - treated with medications taken by mouth, usually in a single dose
  - usually beef, pork or fish variety
* belong to the cestode family of intestinal worms.
* can also cause water retention.
* can cause diarrhoea, weight loss and abdominal discomfort
  - intermittent colic
  - intestinal infections
  - contribute to a thickening of the intestinal wall
  - infect all kinds of mammals
  - reproduce sexually and asexually
  - self-fertilize and as the proglottid develops the eggs inside are fertilized
* come from bad food
  - into the body via contaminated food
* compete with their host for nutrients.
* exist worldwide, but infection rates vary widely between countries.
* function pathogenically using a few mechanisms.
* have a distinct feature called the scolex, which is their head
  - fascinating life cycle
  - great life
  - tough outer covering that protects against the host's digestive juices
* have no digestive system and consist primarily of a reproductive system
  - systems themselves, but absorb nutrients through their skin
  - mouth or digestive tract, since absorb food directly through skin
  - some of the most intriguing life cycle adaptations in the world of parasites
* includes brains
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - flame cells
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - skulls
  - vacuoles
* increase the risk of colic in horses.
* infect hosts
  - mostly suckling lambs
* inhabit the intestines of dogs.
* interfere with gut motility.
* is acquired by the dog eating a flea containing a worm egg.
* is transmitted by fleas
  - in raw or undercooked fish, beef, and pork
* lack a gut or digestive organs
  - circulatory systems which transport oxygen and food molecules in higher organisms
* live in almost all land, sea, and freshwater habitats where vertebrates live
  - off food in the intestines
* look like pieces of rice
  - white rice or, if dried out, like sesame seeds
* need food.
  - when a dog bites and swallows fleas
* produce eggs in the segments which break off and pass out in the dung
  - surprisingly few physical problems for the human body in infected individuals
  - human hosts to live out their life cycles
* resist being destroyed by the body's immune system or digestive juices.
* spend their entire adult lives in warm environments safe from predation.
* type of infection caused by a flatworm that lives mostly in Asia and Africa.
* typically settle in the small intestine of dogs, puppies, and other pets.
* usually remain in the intestine, eating digested food and ignoring surrounding organs.
* vary in size from very small to several inches in length.