### plant part | spore:

Aeciospore
* can also be a source of inoculum of wheat stem rust.
* infect the alternate host, which results in orange, powdery spores on the leaves.

### plant part | spore:

Ascospore
* Most ascospores are homokaryotic in the initial cross.
* are abundant in late fall
  - brown and septate to muriform when discharged, but remain hyaline within the asci
  - comparatively rare
  - dark brown, in asci on right
  - dispersed by the wind and can move a good distance from the apothecia
  - ejected into the air and are disseminated by air currents
* are formed within the asci
  - ascus as a result of free cell formation or ascosporogenesis
  - haploid
  - hyaline to darkly pigmented
  - less common in the Northeast than in semi-arid climates
  - primarily airborne and are most common during the petal fall period
  - produced in asci that degenerate inside of the perithecia
* are released around bloom
  - from the ascoma and germinate to form a new haploid mycelium
  - so tiny as to be invisible
* are the initial source of spring infections
  - major source of primary inoculum
  - primary inoculum for all Sclerotinia infections and disease
  - typical of the wet-weather air spora
* are very common in heavily infested regions of Saskatchewan
  - durable
* commonly colonize senescent petals that are attached or detached.
* infect open flowers and infect ovary directly or through the stigma
  - the florets, which then produce the sticky exudate containing conidia
* vary in shape and in size from a few microns to a couple of hundred microns
  - size, shape, color, septation, and ornamentation among taxa

### plant part | spore:

Basidiospore
* Many basidiospores are allergenic.
* are formed and released under humid conditions, which limit their spread
  - externally on a base pedestal called a basidium
  - released when the puffball is crushed or hit by driving rain
  - wind-dispersed and germinate with moisture
* can only infect pine.
* germinate and produce a haploid mycelium which colonizes the leaf tissue.
* infect the alternate hosts such as common barberry.
* vary in size, color and ornamentation depending upon the taxonomic group.

Chlamydospore
* are asexual spores different from sporangiospores
  - formed in the shredded tissue
  - specialized spores that allow the fungus to survive environmental extremes
  - thick walled and are produced in chains in infected root tissue
  - thick-walled spores formed by rounding up of hyphal or macroconidial cells
* form with a thickened cell wall inside hyphae.
* have no mechanism for dispersal.

### plant part | spore | chlamydospore:

Teliospore
* are airborne andeasily disseminated during the harvesting process
  - chlamydospores
  - dark brown to black and are covered by the host's epidermis
* are produced asexually and are dikaryotic overwintering structures
  - in a telium
  - later, intermixed with the urediniospores
  - the initial inoculum
  - windspread
* can remain viable for several years.
* form in host tissue.
* germinate and form another reproductive structure called basidia
  - at the soil surface in response to moisture
  - to form basidia which produce basidiospores
* pass the winter in a dormant state on the dry, dead daylily leaves.
* remain with the straw.

Diploid spore
* Most diploid spores undergo meiosis.
* Some diploid spores grow into gametophytes.