### covering:

Shell
* Consider the specimens and drawings of mollusks, brachiopods and barnacles.
* Most shells act as shelter
  - temporary shelter
* Most shells are made of calcium
  - silica
  - come from snails
* Most shells consist of layers
  - several layers
* Most shells contain calcium
  - certain substances
  - iron oxide
* Most shells contain yellow iron oxide
  - cover with layers
* Most shells have a conical or oval shape
  - aperture
  - holes
  - large aperture
  - only one child, and they maintain the same size and position as the child
  - oval shapes
  - ridges
* Most shells protect animals
  - clams
  - tortoises
* Some shells act like mirrors
  - affect growth
* Some shells are a major source of calcium for some birds
  - closed by muscles
* Some shells are made of chitin
  - silicon
* Some shells are part of ants
  - aphids
  - arthropods
  - bees
  - beetles
  - bivalves
  - blowflies
  - bugs
  - butterflies
  - capsids
  - centipedes
  - chrysalises
  - cicadas
  - cockroaches
  - crabs
  - crickets
  - cuttlefishs
  - decapods
  - dragonflies
  - earwigs
  - emperors
  - fireflies
  - fleas
  - gastropods
  - goldeneyes
  - grasshoppers
  - hawksbills
  - honeybees
  - hornets
  - horseflies
  - houseflies
  - insects
  - katydids
  - krill
  - ladybirds
  - leafhoppers
  - lice
  - lobsters
  - locusts
  - mantises
  - mayflies
  - midges
  - millepedes
  - mites
  - molluscs
  - mosquitoes
  - moths
  - oysters
  - peacocks
  - phasmids
  - plankton
  - pollinators
  - pupas
  - queens
  - scorpions
  - silverfishs
  - slugs
  - spiders
  - springtails
  - squids
  - tarantulas
  - termites
  - terrapins
  - treehoppers
  - trilobites
  - turtles
  - wasps
  - weevils
  - winkles
  - woodlouses
  - rod-shaped, some are spheres
* Some shells consist of carapaces
  - dorsal carapaces
  - heads
  - hinge sides
  - plates
* Some shells contain crabs
  - fungal toxins
  - gelatin
  - hermit crabs
  - live mussels
  - pigments which are incorporated into the structure
  - seeds
  - even float throughout their entire lives on a raft of bubbles
* Some shells fill with fluid
  - food
  - form a kind of cement and cement themselves to hard objects
* Some shells have black stripes
  - chambers
  - gases
  - legs
  - muscle scars
  - outer tissue
  - purple scars
  - small slits
  - spires
  - help animals
* Some shells protect larvae
  - small snails
  - pump water
  - resemble bones
  - retain water
* Some shells surround nuclei
* accumulate on the ocean floor after the organisms die
  - when the organisms die
* also vary by species in size, thickness, color, shape, and texture.
* are a high source of calcium and beneficial to the soil
  - hollow iron ball filled with blackpowder and fitted with a fuse
  - ammunition
  - areas that surround the center of an atom
  - divided into chambers, made up organic compounds
  - housing
  - hulls
* are located in oceans
  - sea
  - many different shapes, sizes, and colours
  - now a source of lime
  - oil companies
* are part of eggs
  - grandfather clocks
  - parts
  - prized because of their inner, iridescent layer
  - rudimentary or absent in most cephalopods
  - skeletons
  - temporary structures
  - the hard coverings of the creature that lived inside
* can make interesting eyes or ears.
* come in a variety of shapes, including round, elongate, oval, or tear-drop shaped
  - various shades and colors and are mostly protective
  - to rest On the blanket of sand at the shore
* consist of apatite-cemented quartzose silt and sand
* contribute largely to household implements.
* form spirals.
* grow with the organisms, extending out from the hinge area.
* have a blood and nerve supply, so bleeding and pain can result if the shell is injured
  - characteristics
  - spectral energy distributions characteristic of starlight
* includes corpi
* is ammunition
* live on seaweed, on coral holdfasts, under rocks, buried in the roots of undersea grass beds.
* offer protection.
* often have complex features such as spines, ribs, cords and grooves.
* provide effective protection
* serve as protection
  - functions
  - protective functions
* serve vital functions
* vary in color from black to brown.
+ Shell (projectile): Artillery
  * Shells usually have the shape of a cylinder but taper towards the front end to form a point. However, special shells may use other shapes.
+ Snail, Body parts, Shell: Gastropods
  * Snails are invertebrates, which are animals with no backbones. The shell on the snail helps protect it, and also reduces the loss of water by evaporation. Shells are many different shapes, sizes, and colours. Snails do not breathe through their mouths, instead they have a breathing hole under their shells.