### animal | vertebrate | mammal | ungulate | cattle:

Bull
* Many bulls continually dribble urine and show damp patches on their hind legs.
* Most bulls can have offspring.
* Most bulls carry antlers
  - massive antlers
  - chase small animals
  - defend cows
* Most bulls display behavior
  - sexual behavior
  - eat food
  - emit loud sound
  - grow antlers
* Most bulls have a swirl of hair known as a whorl somewhere on their faces
  - big noses
  - blood
  - coats
  - foreheads
  - horns
  - mates
  - reddish coats
  - skin
  - thick skin
  - vision
  - mate with cows
  - possess horns
  - protect calves
* Most bulls reach full maturity
  - height
  - puberty
  - sexual maturity
  - sire offspring
  - use antlers
* Most bulls weigh kilograms
  - lbs
  - pounds
  - several tons
* Some bulls achieve maturity
  - attack humans
  - contain caffeine
  - deliver calves
* Some bulls develop diseases
  - severe diseases
  - skin diseases
* Some bulls die of mountain sickness
  - dig holes
* Some bulls eat diets
  - high protein diets
  - fight to death
* Some bulls have beams
  - habits
  - humps
  - only one testis in the scrotum
  - tusks
  - kill panthers
* Some bulls lead life
  - solitary life
  - live in hills
  - mount cows
  - produce testosterone
  - reach adolescence
  - rely on bulls
  - remain infected for years
  - shake horns
  - shed antlers
  - show fear
  - sire cattle
  - specialize in pushing over big trees
  - stretch necks
  - sustain serious injuries
  - use urine
* also attain much larger sizes than cows
  - bugle, bark and make other sounds
  - fight each other using their antlers to assert their dominance
  - grunt at cows straying from their harem
  - have a dewlap on their neck and have a patch of thick fur on their foreheads
  - roll in muddy wallows and thrash at vegetation with their antlers
* appear very often in Minoan art.
* are a troublesome group of cattle to provide proper nutrition
  - adult male cows
  - adults
  - also very territorial
  - bigger than cows as are cows bigger than calves
  - black or dark brown at maturity, although they are born a lighter shade of reddish brown
  - blunder
  - capable of charge
  - color blind
  - color-blind
* are dark brown or black, and cows and young are reddish brown
  - to black with a broad skull and narrow, rounded horns
  - especially vulnerable to heat stress
  - immune if vaccinated against campylobacteriosis
  - intact male bovines that are used for breeding
  - investors
* are male animals
  - males
  - men
* are more attractive to horn flies than are steers or cows
  - massive in appearance than cows, and more bearded
  - susceptible to internal parasites than cows
  - non-territorial and exhibit a dominance hierarchy
  - non-territorial, and amicably coexist together within overlapping home ranges
* are often a darker gray around their front ends
  - problematic and are normally kept for breeding purposes
  - too big for their age and appear to have been pushed on grain
  - part of cattle
  - people
  - placentals
  - policemans
  - polygamous and sometimes find more than one female mate
  - present year-round in deep waters off the British Columbia coast
  - prone to digging up paddocks and are subject to contamination by ingestion of soil
  - slain for men just to watch the sport of bull fighting
  - solitary or in small groups until summer when they begin to mix with cow-calf herds
  - teams
  - unlike pigs, because bulls know when to take profits
  - very territorial and tend to remain alone
* become very territorial during rutting season and often spar with other bulls.
* begin to migrate first.
  - smell when and which cow is in estrus
  - stand as tall as five feet at the shoulders
  - their antlers into late winter or early spring
* cause rampage in Leicester.
* challenge opponents.
* chase animals
* commonly compete for cows by jousting.
* continuously follow receptive females and test their vulvas.
  - territories and fast during the breeding season
  - territory
* defend their right to mate with a cow and sometimes a group of cows with their antlers
  - territories, but tolerate subordinate males
* differ in reproductive capabilities.
  - outward aggression by pawing at the ground with a hoof and charging
  - their dominance by bellowing, wallowing, and fighting other bulls
* driven from herds live alone or in bachelor herds.
* exhibit a behavior called the intimidation behavior.
* expend a great amount of energy during the rut.
* fight for dominance.
* fight with each other for possession of females, and the dominant bulls have the most mates
  - over control of the cows by attacking each other with their antlers
* grow antlers annually from the time they are nearly one year old
  - darker with age and become black about the head and neck
* have a dark brown or black muzzle, while the cows face is light brown
  - shaggy mane that covers their necks
  - dark-brown to black pelage depending on their geographic origin
  - higher daily liveweight gain and more efficient food conversion
  - loud roar that can be heard over a great distance
  - white chevron across face
  - attention
  - attitude
  - contact
  - frequent contact
  - horns, lions have manes, and baboons have rainbow noses and really vicious teeth
  - more dark cutters than steers, cows, or heifers
* have obvious potential problems
  - small scent glands in their cheeks
  - straight out and up horns while cows have a barely visible hook on the end
  - tendencies
  - the typical Zebu hump
* having a normal scrotum with a distinct neck generally have the best testicular development.
* includes beef
  - brains
  - breasts
  - cannon bones
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - hip sockets
  - hoofs
  - nuclei
  - piluses
  - plasma membranes
  - rib cages
  - second stomachs
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
* join female herds during mating, but favour other habitats out of the mating season.
* lose their antlers in the spring.
* make money, bears make money, and pigs get eaten.
* mark territory.
* measure eight feet from head to tail.
* naturally forage at higher levels than do cows to reduce food competition between the sexes.
* occupy territory.
* often become solitary or form their own herds, as do females with calves
  - chase and sometimes kill small hippos, presumably males still in mother's care
* patrol their areas on land and swim back and forth along the water side, barking incessantly.
* person who expects higher prices.
* prepare for the mating season by sparring with one another.
  - vicinities
* ram head and horns just like sheep and goats do and make a loud bellow.
* rank differently for milk and fat, but both traits are important to farm income.
* reach sexual maturity before their first birthday
  - the peak of their mating ability around the age of six to seven years
* rely heavily on visual indicators to find females in heat.
* rub their antlers against low brush and small trees, leaving worn bark and broken branches
  - tree bark to speed up the peeling process
* run in herds and follow the path of the six steers which they let go first
  - packs and crush little lambs
* running is inherently dangerous, death and injury occasionally occur.
* set up own territory
* sire calves
* spar a great deal and sometimes fight for possession of cows.
* stake out territories by breaking off branches of trees and bushes with horns.
* stay with the herd only during the breeding season.
* survive for time.
* tend to be lighter colored than cows
  - solitary or form small bachelor herds
  - feed at full stretch with their heads tipped upwards
* tend to separate into smaller herds over the summer to forage
  - stay in bachelor groups, except for the rut when they are competing with one another
* thrash brush and bark with their antlers, marking their territory.
* tolerate females and sub-adult males in their territory.
  - their high-pitched bugle both to attract females and to ward off other bulls
* usually don t breed until they re three years old
  - live in bachelor groups or alone
  - spend the summer alone or in small groups at high elevations
* ususally have darker coats, which get progressively darker as they get older.
* wander alone or in small groups but females and calves herd together for protection.