### process | secretion:

Hormone
* ALL hormones are synthesized from fat.
* All hormones are active in very small amounts
  - multifunctional compounds of wide spectrum of biological activities
  - pulsatile in nature
  - have the following basic structure a
* DO play a role in acne.
* Many hormones activate adenylate cyclase when they bind to their receptors
  - are proteins
* Many hormones are secreted by specialized glands such as the thyroid gland
  - into the blood during sleep
  - steroids or peptides
  - come in antagonistic pairs that have opposite effects on the target organs
  - decrease significantly with aging
* Many hormones interact to integrate body growth with nutrition and other intrinsic signals
  - keep a woman's body in balance
  - orchestrate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy
* More hormone is secreted when there is less oxygen delivered to the kidney.
* Most hormone estrogens stimulate uteruses.
* Most hormones accelerate breast tumor development
* Most hormones act on glands
  - pituitary glands
* Most hormones activate development
  - gland development
* Most hormones affect development
  - functions
  - kidney functions
  - metabolism
  - reproduction
  - are controlled by a feedback regulation mechanism
* Most hormones are made by endocrine glands
  - parathyroid glands
  - pineal glands
  - produced by animals
* Most hormones are produced by anterior glands
  - pituitaries
  - cells within the ganglia of the central nervous system
  - hypothalami
* Most hormones are proteins composed of amino acid chains of varying length
  - consisting of amino acid chains
* Most hormones are released by adrenal glands
  - anterior pituitaries
* Most hormones are released by posterior glands
* Most hormones are secreted by adrenal cortexes
* Most hormones are secreted by anterior glands
* Most hormones are secreted by posterior glands
  - sex organs
  - thyroids
* Most hormones bind to antibodies
  - can function only within very narrow ranges of temperature
* Most hormones cause chain reaction
  - change development
* Most hormones circulate in blood, coming into contact with essentially all cells
  - bloodstreams
* Most hormones come from enlarge glands
  - contribute to characteristics
* Most hormones control blood
  - glucose blood
  - other endocrine glands
* Most hormones create conditions
* Most hormones encourage growth
  - maturation
  - enter bloodstreams
* Most hormones have additive effects
  - different effects
  - homeostatic functions
  - many different effects
* Most hormones have positive effects
  - impact
  - properties
  - roles
* Most hormones help cortisol
  - lower cortisol
  - muscle growth
  - root growth
  - improve performance
* Most hormones increase blood calcium levels
  - chances
* Most hormones induce effects
  - normal growth
* Most hormones influence crop growth
  - inhibit secretion
  - involve in development
  - lead to excretion
  - mediate growth
  - pass into bloodstreams
* Most hormones perform functions
  - important functions
  - many important functions
* Most hormones play different roles
  - essential roles
  - important roles
  - key roles
  - major roles
  - physiological roles
  - vital roles
* Most hormones produce abnormal cell growth
* Most hormones produce in adrenal glands
* Most hormones promote bone health
  - differentiations
  - reach their target cells via the blood circulatory system
  - regulate activities
* Most hormones regulate blood calcium levels
  - pressure
  - sugar levels
  - bodily activities
* Most hormones regulate body metabolism
  - weight
  - exchanges
  - fetal tissue
  - kidneys
  - onsets
  - plant growth
  - renal uptake
* Most hormones regulate water excretion
* Most hormones release into bloodstreams
  - circulatory fluid
  - remain in bloodstreams
* Most hormones secrete from glands
  - specialize glands
* Most hormones stimulate adrenal cortexes
* Most hormones stimulate anterior glands
  - behavior
  - blood cell production
  - cartilage maturation
  - courtship behavior
  - hair growth
  - milk production
* Most hormones stimulate overall body growth
  - red blood cell production
  - white cell production
  - support growth
* Some hormone oxytocins stimulate contraction
  - treatments cause ovulation
* Some hormones accelerate protein synthesis
* Some hormones act on bones
  - tubules
* Some hormones affect behavior
  - human behavior
  - only one or two organs, while others affect the whole body
  - sexual behavior
  - the permeability of the cell membrane
* Some hormones are excreted by kidneys
  - scorpions
  - lipids rather than proteins
  - located in lobsters
  - made by pancreases
  - necessary for life
* Some hormones are produced by adrenal cortexes
  - cows
  - female gonads
  - follicles
  - humans
  - lobes
  - ovaries
  - plants
  - pregnant women
  - primates
  - skin
  - thymuses
* Some hormones are released by hypothalami
* Some hormones are secreted by anterior pituitaries
  - atriums
  - embryos
  - hearts
  - intestines
  - small intestines
  - stomachs
  - trophoblasts
  - steroids, fatty cholesterol-produced substances
  - stored, others undergo continuous turnover
* Some hormones block ovulation
  - regular ovulation
* Some hormones cause activations
  - baldness
  - electrolyte imbalances
  - inflammation
  - male baldness
  - tumors
  - change shapes
  - consist of as little as a single amino acid
* Some hormones control growth
* Some hormones control the release of other hormones
  - transcription of certain genes in their target cells
  - created in humans can also cause cancer
  - cross the target cell membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor
  - decrease peristalsis
  - derive from cholesterol
  - destroy tissue
  - do things like preparing the uterus while others have a mood-altering effect
* Some hormones enhance production
  - enter nuclei
  - find in blood
* Some hormones have causes
  - nephrons
  - residues
* Some hormones help blood pressure
  - cervixes
  - children
  - food
  - homeostasis
  - motility
* Some hormones increase blood pressure
  - food intake
  - indicate pregnancy
  - induce ovulation
* Some hormones inhibit cell growth
  - involve in reproduction
  - isolate from fungi
  - maintain pregnancy
* Some hormones participate in carbohydrate metabolism
  - play a role in the development of cancer by promoting cell proliferation
* Some hormones prepare glands
  - mammary glands
  - prevent metamorphosis
* Some hormones produce in brains
* Some hormones promote cell division
  - cytokinesis
* Some hormones reduce consumption
  - water consumption
* Some hormones regulate activations
  - cellular metabolism
  - concentration
  - digestion
  - enlargements
  - height
  - movement
* Some hormones stimulate bone marrow
  - livers
  - suppress development
* Some hormones trigger dormancy
  - hunger
  - rapid production
  - work to ensure that there is enough calcium in the blood
* act as a biological clock controlling the pace of aging
  - catalytic agents in various biochemical reactions
* act as chemical messengers to influence cell activities elsewhere in the body
  - regulate specific body functions
  - messengers to initiate a response to a change in conditions
* act by accelerating, slowing, or stabilizing enzyme activity in target cells
  - triggering or regulating chemical reactions in the body
  - is small quantities and are usually carried in the serum
  - parts of the body by sending chemical signals through receptors on or inside cells
  - target tissues to activate a receptor
  - only as they are programmed by their target cells
  - behaviour and thinking
  - brain regions selectively
  - development, behavior, and reproduction
  - flexibility, male hormones reduce flexibility, female hormones increase flexibility
  - growth and metabolism
  - many vital functions in the body
  - the operation of other glands and organs
* affects sexual receptivity, but also is related to contentment especially around mates.
* also affect blood cholesterol
  - the individual's psychology, sometimes profoundly
  - cause the glands under the arms to release chemicals that have an unpleasant odor
  - come in pairs, with one member opposing the action of the other
  - control the volume of fluid and the levels of salt and sugar in the blood
  - have anti-inflammatory effects and stimulate the lymphatic system
* also help mothers to relax and focus on their infants
  - prevent osteoporosis
  - make certain genes turn on
* also play a role
  - significant role in regulating female sexual function
  - an important part in basal metabolism
  - reduce the amount of fat in the meat
  - regulate feelings of satiety and are important for the control of appetite
  - start and control sexual development
  - tend to cause fluid retention
  - thickens cervical mucosa
* are a functional class of chemicals
  - strange thing and can make a person or a horse act nothing like themselves
  - activational and permissive at puberty
  - active in very small quantities
  - actually a reality for all women from before birth until the end of life
  - also a factor
* are also responsible for characteristic changes
  - swelling because of the exaggerated response of the immune system
  - the emotional changes that take place during puberty
  - an additional factor that contributes to gender differences in motor skill
  - carried throughout the body through the bloodstream
  - chemical messages produced by special cells in glands and other organs of the body
* are chemical messengers in the body that are sometimes proteins
* are chemical messengers that control many bodily processes, such as growth and metabolism
  - invoke profound changes within target cells
  - the body produces to regulate critical life processes
* are chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions
  - body that control various bodily functions
  - secreted from different glands of the body
  - that are produced by glands or organs
* are chemicals from glands that affect other body parts
  - made by the body that regulate bodily functions, development and growth
* are chemicals produced by one part of the body that cause things to happen in other parts
  - specialized organs called glands
* are chemicals secreted by the animal's glands
* are chemicals that are formed in the body and circulate in the blood
  - tell parts of the body to do things
  - which affect the actions of different organ systems in the body
  - created by glands
  - critical to the aging process because they control the chemistries of the body
  - glycoprotein chemicals that cause action away from their point of origin
  - hormones are hormones
* are important for mental function, reproduction and other physiologic processes
  - in maintaining normal growth, puberty, blood glucose, and calcium levels
  - inanimate objects
  - incredibly powerful chemicals
  - interdependent
  - just as important for a transsexual person as for a non-transgender
  - known to play a role in senescence
  - long-lasting chemicals released from glands
  - glands in the body
  - molecules
  - natural substances that control normal development of all embryos and fetuses
  - naturally present in foods of plant and animal origin, including milk
  - now illegal in poultry and eggs
  - often medically necessary for successful living in the new gender
* are organic compounds that are effective at very low concentrations
  - molecules that come in unique structures and shapes
  - our body's chemical messengers which act on a cellular level
  - potent biochemical messengers that trigger all sorts of bodily mechanisms
  - powerful chemicals produced by glands
* are powerful chemicals that control or influence particular functions of the body
  - help keep our bodies working normally
  - drugs
  - substances that control many functions throughout the body
* are present in almost all foods whether of animal or plant origin
  - low concentrations in early autumn
  - primarily proteins which require interaction with enzymes to regulate bodily processes
* are produced by all humans and animals for normal body functioning and maturation
* are proteins or steroids that are secreted directly into the blood stream
  - produced by organs of the body that trigger activity in other locations
  - which are broken down into amino acids in our digestive system
  - received only by cells with the appropriate receptor
  - into the bloodstream to prepare the body for physical action
* are responsible for many aspects of being a woman
  - the egg s release from the ovaries and attachment within the uterus
  - in regulating growth and development
  - glands into the blood stream
* are secreted by the endocrine glands and carried throughout the body in the bloodstream
  - directly into the blood and act on tissues elsewhere in the body
  - similar to neurotransmitters
  - special tokens for inter-agent communication and control in distributed systems
* are substances produced by the body that control or stimulate other cells into action
  - that travel through the blood stream and affect other organs
  - the blood-born molecules that regulate our metabolic and reproductive functions
* are the body's chemical messengers that regulate a woman's fertility cycle
  - way of communicating messages about a wide range of functions
  - chemical messengers of the body's endocrine system
  - driving factor in development and growth in the bumblebee
  - major survival signals in endocrine tissues
  - means by which distant parts of the body communicate with each other
* are the messengers of the body
  - natural chemical messengers of our bodies
  - pacemakers of youth
  - signaling molecules in enzyme control
  - time-released capsules of genetic code
  - toxic in the wrong amounts
* are transported in the bloodstream
  - within the plant by utilizing four types of movements
  - typically present in very low concentrations
* are used by both plant and animal cells for long-distance signaling
  - in some forms of contraception and in fertility treatments
  - to cause the tissue to grow into callus masses, roots or shoots
* are very important bio-chemicals in the human body
  - potent chemicals that operate at low concentrations
* are very powerful and can be dangerous
* assist the kidney in maintaining the appropriate water balance and salt balance.
* begin to decline in mid-twenties.
  - receptors on a cell's surface or inside a cell
* binding causes a conformational change in the receptor that is transmitted to the G-protein
  - globulins undergo serpin conformational change in inflammation
* binds to receptor and causes a second messenger to be released within the cell
  - with a specific receptor molecule, which protein
* block the effect of oestrogen by acting on the oestrogen-receptors.
* can act as immunomodulators , altering the sensitivity of the immune system
  - on the bone marrow to stimulate the pluipotential stem cell
  - affect menopause, libido, impotence and fertility
* can also affect food cravings
  - dictate body temperature
  - have a harmful effect, especially if given in too-large amounts
  - be proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, or steroids
* can cause acne
  - depression as well
  - function in much the same way as non-hormonal neurotransmitters
  - influence human preceptual abilities
  - interact in permissive, synergistic, or antagonistic ways
  - interfere with other body processes
  - modulate the nervous system
  - produce both positive and negative effects
  - shape personality
  - significantly affect bonding
* cause a normal rise in blood sugar in all pregnant women
  - changes in their mood and blood chemistry
  - the growth and death of cells and of whole organisms
* certainly play a role as does bacteria and possibly yeast.
* changes after childbirth can affect the neuro-transmitters in the brain such as serotonin
  - during teenage years cause oil glands to become overactive
  - in body secretions, along with skin bacteria, can lead to a change in body odor
* circulate in bloodstreams.
* circulate in the blood and affect different body functions
  - bloodstream and affect the way other parts of the body function
* commonly tell genes within cells to start or stop a growth cycle.
* control a man, and women control hormones
  - all functions of the body
  - behavior to have sperm and egg released at the same time
  - every function in our bodies
  - growth, development, reproduction, and other important processes
  - many important body activities, such as growth
  - our energy, immune function, development, and desires
  - reproduction in most animals, and birds are no different
* control the actions of certain cells or organs
  - tissues or organs
  - amount of calcium in the blood
  - function of various tissues
  - hair growth cycle, hair loss and transition phase
  - way certain cells or organs act
  - when the plant goes dormant and when it grows
* convey their messages only where receptors are available.
* coordinate and control the various organs and tissues of the body.
* decrease with age and slow hair growth.
* dictate which type it parlays into physical energy, and which form of fuel it stores.
* differ from enzymes in that they take part in the reaction and are consequently used up.
* diffuse away or are degraded by enzymes.
* diffuses through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.
* do affect a lot of our responses and the levels are constantly changing
  - our aging process
  - seem to affect arousability by altering the threshold for erotic stimulation
* drive the production of breast milk.
* effect every aspect of the body.
* enable people and other animals to live, develop and reproduce.
  - the blood stream and can affect whole body
* even have a role in the cure of hormonally responsive cancers.
* exert many of their effects by forming transcription factors
  - their effects on cells by binding to specific cell receptors
* exit their cell of origin via exocytosis or another means of membrane transport.
* fights fat in humans.
* function as biochemical messengers.
* get into the developing cell and bind to receptors
  - their name from the Greek word meaning 'to urge on'
* have a dramatic effect on emotional states
  - little-understood effect on oil production
  - significant impact on the skin
  - wide range of harmful side effects
  - an important effect upon body function
  - benefits
  - the effect of influencing how a mind and body behaves
* help boys
  - elderly sleep
  - keep homeostasis in an organism
  - the body manage stress
* induce adjustments in urine concentration
* influence brains
  - electrolyte excretion
  - periodontal disease
  - the production of hair
* inform cells about how and when to grow, produce bodily substances, divide and then die.
* interact with receptors on or in target tissues to produce a response
  - their targets
* is produced in the hypothalamus by cells in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei
  - problems
* made by the placenta to help the baby grow block the effect of the mother's insulin
  - thyroid are also important during childhood growth and development
* make our bodies grow up
  - tissue grow
* making stems and leaves grow.
* masculinizes other tissues.
  - their effects by changing biochemical events in the cell's interior
* modify behavior.
* occur in very low concentrations in our bodies all the time.
* occur naturally in all plants and animals, at widely varying levels
  - many foods
* often make cells divide.
* pass through gap junctions of adjacent cells without entering extracellular fluid
  - synaptic clefts between neurons as do neurotransmitters
* perform an organizational role and an activational role during adolescence
* play a critical role in our health and vitality
  - crucial role in the proper development of the growing fetus
  - fundamental role in a worker's behavioral development
  - key role in development, and especially sexual differentiation
* play a major role in influencing emotions
  - the way women feel throughout the menstrual cycle
  - role in the development of acne
  - similar role in people
  - vital role in the regulation of cellular activity
  - an important role in a woman's health and well being
* play important roles in the regulation of many physiological and behavioral processes
  - the same vital sexual role in humans as they do in fish and other animals
* produced by both the woman and fetus play a role.
* produced by the pituitary also affect the function of other endocrine glands
  - thymus, too, act on cells in the brain
* profoundly affect the nervous system, the reproductive system, and the immune system.
* provide a primary way for cells to communicate with each other
  - many important controls over digestion
  - other benefits
* raging out of control can cause problems that are unpredictable.
* redistribute fat.
  - all areas of sexual performance, from arousal to ejaculation
* regulate body functions
  - functions such as growth and maturation
  - growth and immune functions
  - growth, development, behavior, and sexuality
  - hunger and affect appetite
  - nearly every response and function within the marijuana plant
  - overall body conditions, such as blood glucose levels and metabolic rate
  - pancreatic secretions
  - physiologic processes in the body
  - puberty, fertility, pregnancy, and menopause
* regulate the blood electrolyte levels
  - ebb and flow of calcium in and out of bone
  - ovarian and menstrual cycle
  - virtually all body processes
* released by endocrine gland circulate the blood in order to reach their target cells
  - glands affect other tissues, including the brain
  - one gland can also tell 'other' glands to make 'different' hormones
* released during labor are an example of a negative feedback loop
  - pregnancy can raise the mother's blood glucose levels to diabetic levels
* seem to have an important role in breast cancer
  - play a role in the condition
* serve as chemical messengers, carrying signals from one part of the body to another
  - messengers to coordinate activities of various parts of the body
* signal an ovum or egg in the ovary to begin developing
  - the ovaries and other internal reproductive organs to start growing
* significantly affect human brain formation, as well as brain development at puberty.
* start affecting every animal shortly after it begins life as a fertilized egg
  - the softening of the cervix
  - both hair growth and hair loss
  - enzyme release
  - feelings, and homones are created by nervous stimulation of the glands
* stimulate the growth of other lumps or cysts, too
  - oil glands to secrete more oil
  - sebaceous glands and oil production
* stimulate, regulate and control all vital bodily functions.
* supplements lower risk of cataracts.
  - reproductive functions and regulate metabolism
* synchronize immune function.
* take much longer to activate and dissipate, since they travel within our bloodstream.
* taken orally enter the bloodstream from the small intestine, and go directly to the liver.
* tell our bodies when to start developing breasts or producing sperm
  - the body when, where, and how to grow
* travel in the bloodstream to cells that are called target cells a.
* travel through the bloodstream
  - body by means of the blood vessels
* travel throughout the bloodstream to act on target organs and regulate their activity
  - body and any cells can be affected
  - to other organs of the body where they produce their effect
* trigger behaviour
  - mate behaviour
* triggers cells to turn to fat.
* vary in their range of targets.
* work by fitting into receptors
  - on the basis of their specific molecular structure
  - slowly, i.e., they take minutes
  - together in a web-like design of chemical balance between our brain and body
+ Breast, Growth and form: Torso :: Sexuality
  * The appearance and size of the breasts of a woman may vary due to genetic factors, and the amount of fatty and connective tissue. Hormones also play a role.
+ Hormone, Actions: Endocrinology
  * Hormones do many things. They regulate metabolism. Metabolism is all of the chemical and energy reactions that happen in a living thing. Hormones cause the growth and death of cells and of whole organisms. Hormones also start and control sexual development. For example, the hormones estrogen and progesterone make girls puberty.
  * Hormones do many things. They regulate metabolism. Metabolism is all of the chemical and energy reactions that happen in a living thing. Hormones cause the growth and death of cells and of whole organisms. Hormones also start and control sexual development. For example, the hormones estrogen and progesterone make girls puberty. Hormones help keep homeostasis in an organism. Homeostasis means to keep a constant state inside the body like temperature, amount of water and salts, and amount of sugar. Hormones released by one gland can also tell 'other' glands to make 'different' hormones.
+ Puberty, How the body controls puberty: Physiology :: Human sexuality
  * Puberty is started and carried on by different hormones. Hormones are chemicals that tell parts of the body to do things. Hormones are made by glands in the body.