### cell:

Golgi cell
* are the only elements within the cerebellar cortex that inhibit granule cells.
* create a brief burst of granule cell activity.

Gray cell
* die, affecting functions controlled by the damaged area.
* indicate chromatic functions in either major or minor keys.

Green cell
* convert light to carbohydrates and oxygen.
* develop from a white cell line that again becomes green and so on.

### cell:

Guard cell
* absorb water and become turgid.
* allow gas exchange between the surrounding air and the internal photosynthetic cells.
* are able to open and close the stomates to save water
  - activated by sunlight
  - bean-shaped cells covering the stomata opening
  - cells surrounding each stoma
  - kidney-shaped cells that are filled with chloroplasts
  - the only epidermal cells to contain chloroplasts
* become flaccid
  - fully turgid , and because of their specialised structure, they 'bend' apart
* can change shape to open or close the stoma.
* change the shape of the opening by changing their own shape.
* contain chloroplasts and so are able to conduct photosynthesis.
* control the size of the opening of the stoma.
* differ from the translucent epidermal cells in that they contain chloroplasts.
* regulate the opening by changing water pressure within the cell to swell or shrink.
* surround a stoma and control the stoma opening and closing.
  * 's are types of cells that surrounds stomates in plants. Plants lose water through stomates. Guard cells are able to open and close the stomates to save water. Guard cells are activated by sunlight. When water follows, the cells get hard and they push open. At night, guard cells lose water and close again.

Hadley cell
* are very efficient at transporting heat.
* serve to diffuse heat away from equatorial regions.

Haploid cell
* can fuse in fertilization, forming a new diploid cell.
* grow vegetatively by budding and are non-pathogenic.
* have half of a full set of chromosomes
  - twice the normal number of chromosomes

Helper cell
* T lymphocyte
* help the immune system to function normally and fight off certain kinds of infections.
* mature and multiply rapidly to fight off the virus.
* use receptors on their surface to read antigenic displays.

### cell:

Heterozygote
* also express the dominant trait.
* are a large reservoir of genetic variability
  - available for distribution in limited quantities
  - clinically and haematologically normal
* are phenotypically normal but are carriers of the trait
  - protected from malaria, however, which is what keeps the allele in the populaiton
  - unaffected
  - usually asymptomatic
  - zygotes
* can also develop thrombosis.
* display an intermediate level of sensitivity.
* exhibit a low penetrance of ectopic wing veins
  - both hair colors, and are referred to as tortoiseshell, or calico cats
* have a normal phenotype
  - slective advantage against malaria
  - an advantage over normal homozygotes
  - intermediate levels but are clinically normal
  - no advantage when infected individually with either pathogen
  - severe anemia, splenomegaly
  - short tails and other abnormalities
* look normal.
* produce equal numbers of normal and dysfunctional enzymes.
* show a general pale yellow-green color
  - both phenotypes, but no blending
  - mild orotic aciduria but are otherwise unaffected
* tend to run in circles and show a white patch of fur on their forehead or belly.
* usually have no bleeding manifestations.

Homozygote
* are true-breeding
* die at birth with cleft lip and cleft palate
* die in utero with multiple abnormalities
  - of renal failure at about one year
  - within a few hours postnatally
* have a thalassemia intermedia
  - small brains and die during late pupal stages
* often develop neonatal purpura fulminans shortly after birth.
* show circling, head-tossing, deafness, and hyperactivity
  - typical circling, head tossing, deafness, and hyperactivity