### plant | tracheophyte | spermatophyte | angiosperm | wildflower:

Native wildflower
* Many native wildflowers are wild collected
  - bloom year-round in the sunny areas
  - provide food, shelter, and cover for bird species
* Most native wildflowers occur in meadows
* are different from domestic plants in a couple of ways.
* can be an attractive way to add native plants to a home garden.
* make wonderful cut flowers for fresh and dried bouquets.

Perennial wildflower
* Most perennial wildflowers grow in areas.
* Some perennial wildflowers consist of basal leaves
* Some perennial wildflowers find in open woodlands

### plant | tracheophyte | spermatophyte:

Gymnosperm
* All gymnosperms are heterosporous
  - woody plants
* All gymnosperms have cones as reproductive structures
  - needle-like leaves and produce some type of resin
  - make seeds
* Many gymnosperms are evergreens with a wide variety of leaf structures.
* Most gymnosperms are evergreen, with leaves lasting more than one growing season
  - trees
  - wind pollinated
  - germinate from seeds
  - grow in sand
* Most gymnosperms have characteristics
  - needles
  - roots
  - surfaces
* Some gymnosperms are among the tallest, largest and oldest organisms in the world
  - attain areas
  - do drop their leaves - ginkgo, dawn redwood, and baldcypress, to name a few
* Some gymnosperms have a pollination droplet upon which pollen grains adhere
* Some gymnosperms produce gametophytes
  - male gametophytes
* also produce trees with ringed stems.
  - a familiar group nearly everywhere on earth
  - all woody, perennial and usually have long reproductive cycles
  - among the most essential plants used today
  - cone bearing plants like pines, fir, and cycads
  - found throughout the world
  - haploid, have spiky, needle-like leaves and are softwood
  - heterosporous seed plants that produce naked seeds
  - non-flowering plants that reproduce new plants with seeds
  - older than angiosperms on the evolutionary scale
  - pine trees and other cone bearers
  - plants line coniferous trees, etc
* are plants that bear naked seeds
  - develop exposed or naked seeds
  - have exposed seeds set in cones
  - rare, except cycads
* are seed plants but their seeds are held in cones
  - that have evolved cones to carry their reproductive structures
  - sporophyte dominant
* are the first seed plants
  - most ancient seed plants
* are the other main group of flowering plants
  - seed-bearing plants
  - plants that are known as evergreens
  - trees with seeds that develop on the surface or tip of an appendage such as a cone
  - usually woody plants
  - vascular plants, able to transport water internally
* bear naked seeds on cones or open structures.
* begin to diversify widely.
* comprise four divisions.
* differ from angiosperms.
* display no self-incompatibility, presumably because they have no style.
* do show incongruent reactions.
  - major economic uses
  - male cones and female cones
  - naked seeds, and angiosperms have covered seeds
* have seeds in cones
  - that can form without the presence of standing water
  - tracheids, but no vessels
  - vascular tissue and reproduce with seeds
  - water-conserving traits, including thick cuticles
* includes cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - vacuoles
* only have tracheids in their xylem, while angiosperms have both.
* possess true roots, stems, and leaves.
* produce seeds in cones
* produce two kinds of spores
  - types of spores, microspores and megaspores
* provide several major economic uses.
* reproduce by means of naked, or uncovered, seeds.
* usually have needles that stay green throughout the year.
+ Flowering plant
  * Together with the gymnosperms they make up the seed plants. They are different from the gymnosperms because angiosperms bear flowers, and have enclosed ovules. Gymnosperms bear naked seeds on cones or open structures.