### species:

Native specie
* Many native species are uniquely valuable as indicators of environmental quality
  - grow in northern Wisconsin in a variety of conditions
  - have a lower percentage of germination than Schinus
* Most native species stress easily.
* are especially important along streams and shorelines
  - more sturdy and maintain their spread-leaf shape
  - subject to extreme stresses as a result of exotic species invasions
  - very important to the ecosystems that they represent
* become extinct while popular food and game fish are spread by humans.
* belong in the nature and landscape of the Netherlands.
* browse shrubs and grasses heavily in the winter when plants are dormant.
* can die out in the face of competition, and food sources can be exhausted.
* do occur naturally in dead tree limbs and dry, seasoned wood.
* emerge later and benefit from the elimination of duff and a darkened soil surface.
* have significant wildlife value as food, shelter and breeding habitat.
* live and thrive in a particular ecosystem.

Natural specie
* are the library from which genetic engineers can work.
* come and go, as have various cultures over the millennia.
* growing near lakeshores include cottonwoods and willows.

Nematode specie
* Many nematode species are beneficial to agricluture and the environment.
* Most nematode species produce males and females, but some species only produce females.

### species:

New specie
* appear in speciation events and through immigration.
* are believed to arrive in the Mediterranean at the rate of four to five annually.
* arise from old species by slowly inheriting successful traits from their ancestors
  - throughout evolution
* can arise only if changes in DNA occur in an existing species
  - through several different evolutionary mechanisms
  - evolve much more rapidly than biologists had previously thought
  - more easily survive and reproduce on an island that already has many species
* come about or evolve when populations are by themselves.
* create niches for more species, further increasing potential diversity.
* evolve in short order
  - quickly as they specialize to exploit narrow niches
  - through the steady and gradual transformation of the entire population
  - while inhabiting the same environment
* originate in the process of evolution.
+ Tree fern: Pteridophyta
  * It is not certain how many species of tree fern there are but it is likely to be around a thousand. New species are discovered in New Guinea with each botanical survey. Many species must have become extinct in the last century as forest habitats were cut down by people.

Northern specie
* All northern species have similar habits and life cycles.
* have one brood and hibernate in the egg stage.

Numerous specie
* are critically endangered in all parts of the world
  - of commercial value or are used to monitor seawater pollution
* eat the fruit or make hole nests in dead branches.
* live in tropical seas and some of tnem attain alarge size.
* render oils that result in flavorings.
* serve as indirect indicators of habitat quality.

Parasitic specie
* Most parasitic species have high reproductive capacity and develop rapidly.
* Some parasitic species cause serious diseases in human beings and other hosts.
* are mostly external parasites of fish or crustaceans and feed on blood.

Pelagic specie
* cruise the deep waters, lured by the warm, swift current of the Gulf Stream.
* live in the water column.

Pioneer specie
* are organisms that are the first to live in a uninhabited area
  - the first to colonize an area, followed by more competitive species
* consist of a variety of annual plants.
* dominate over mature forest species.
* includes that can live on bare rock.