### mutation:

Deletion mutation
* Some deletion mutation leads to tumor development.
* involve more than two base pairs.
* result from missing base pairs after DNA repair.
+ Zinc finger, Zinc finger structure, ZFN function: Genetic engineering :: Enzymes
  * The DNA-binding domain binds to a specific DNA sequence. The DNA-binding domains bind to both strands on the DNA double helix. DNA-cleaving domains break the DNA strand and cut the gene base pairs out. Cells fix broken DNA strands on their own using DNA repair. Deletion mutations result from missing base pairs after DNA repair.

Developmental mutation
* can cripple an organism or even lead to death.
* occur all the time in living systems.

Different mutation
* Many different mutations can occur to eliminate the activity of the transporter.
* confer different likelihoods of tumor types and age of onset.
* increase risk for different cancers.

Dominant mutation
* Some dominant mutation affects chromosome inheritances
* affects metamorphosis.
* results in abnormal bone growth

Genome mutation
* are alterations in the number of chromosomes in the genome.
* result in a multiple set of chromosomes in a cell.

Harmful mutation
* Some harmful mutation causes genetic disorder.
* are more common than beneficial ones
  - very rare events and sometimes just happen spontaneously
* cause dysfunction and disease in host organisms.
* happen constantly.
* leads to some unspecified diseases, aids, become gaint or dwarf or become ugly.

Neutral mutation
* can have a significant effect on the organism.
* have effect on the organism
  - no effect on the fitness of the organism in which they occur

New mutation
* continue to arise during gametogenesis.
* occur naturally in every species from one generation to the next.

Random mutation
* Some random mutation affects color.
* are a key ingredient in the neoDarwinian model of evolutionary change.
* is no respecter of order, and selection is partial to complexity.
* leads, once in a million times, to superior adaptation.
* occur in hypervariable regions of the V regions.
* produce changes in the offspring of living things.
* provides features
  - novel features
* serve as the substrate that ultimately leads to adaptation.

Silent mutation
* accumulate at an approximately constant rate over generations.
* are change in DNA sequence that have no phenotypic consequence.

Somatic mutation
* accumulate over our lifetime.
* are well-known causes of other diseases including cancer.
* favors the evolution of diploidy.
* fundamental component of acquired immunity.
* is the random point mutation of antibody genes due to interaction with an antigen.
* occur and wont be passed to offspring
  - during the ontogenesis of every multicellular organism

Spontaneous mutation
* Most spontaneous mutations change the net charge of hemoglobin.
* Some spontaneous mutation affects normal functions
  - leads to disorder
* arise at a remarkably constant rate
  - without external causes
* can result in the appearance of new traits.
* happen in nature at a relatively frequent rate.
* occur in different individuals
  - without exposure to any obvious mutagenic agent

Muzzle
* Most muzzles look like snouts.
* Some muzzles are part of guns.
* are faces
  - part of heads
  - restraint
* includes sections.
* pyoderma an infectious skin disease on the muzzle of an animal.

Myrmecophile
* Many myrmecophiles eat waste in ant nests , such as dead ants or fungi growing in the nest.
* Some myrmecophiles make food that the ants can eat.
* is an organism
+ Myrmecophile: Insects
  * Many myrmecophiles eat waste in ant nests, such as dead ants or fungi growing in the nest. Some myrmecophiles make food that the ants can eat. Aphids do this when they make honeydew. Ants may even farm or tend some insects, such as aphids, that make food for them. Other myrmecophiles eat the food supplies of ants, and a few eat ant eggs, larvae, or pupae.