### body part | hand:

Recombination
* also increases variability.
* are combining.
* breaks down the linkage equilibrium and increases the variance.
* can also occur in somatic cells , for example by the action of transposons
  - break up beneficial allele combinations
  - occur during repair
* can produce a hybrid DNA with different sequences in the two strands of the duplex
  - unpredictable and potentially devastating gene arrangements
  - separate beneficial alleles from linked deleterious alleles
* can, and does, occur in both oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
* destroys combinations of genes that natural selection has favored.
* explains why children look different from their parents.
* generates diversity by creating new combinations of genes, or parts of genes.
* increases genetic diversity
  - variance in a population
* is also a source of variability
  - important in somatic cells for the repair of damaged or broken chromosomes
  - an important force countering reinforcement
  - dependent on the chiasma formation during meiosis
* is important for diversity
  - in repair of at least some UV damage in bacteria
  - likely to be important if multiple genes affect the selected trait
  - more rapid at teleomeric sites
  - probably important for cellular resistance to drugs other than cisplatin
  - responsible for leaps in viral evolution
  - the exchanges of parts of genes or blocks of genes between chromosomes
* is the most important process in generating new organisms
  - short-term source of genetic variation in populations
  - process when genes are split and reassembled
  - too rare to hinder adaptive divergence between bacterial populations
  - used by nature to modify the genetic code of organisms
* makes it possible for there to be limited variation within the created kinds
  - new allele combinations, which can then be passed to offspring
* natural process that generates genetic diversity.
* occurs at a high frequency between the genomes of different but related coronaviruses
  - homologous regions
  - in sexually reproducing organisms
  - naturally
  - only when non-sister chromatids are heterozygous for a trait
  - under different circumstances
* pairwise measure of genetic distance.
* plays a very small role in deletion.
* produces new genotypes.
* refers to the processes of reassortment and crossing over.
* shuffling of existing information.
* takes advantage of the chromosome alignment.
* works to reestablish linkage equilibrium.

### body part | hand | recombination:

Genetic recombination
* allows an organism's offspring to be genetically diverse.
* can produce products with unforeseen consequences and unexpected toxicity.
* involves both gene exchange on a chromosome and re-assortment of chromosomes.
* is both an advantage and a disadvantage to a sexually reproducing species
  - catalyzed by many different enzymes
  - counter-productive if conditions are stable
  - known to take place between the different nuclei
* key feature in the evolution of life.
* major source of variation for evolutionary selection
* occurs during crossingover and independent assortment
  - in meiosis by independent assortment and crossing-over
  - through independent assortment and crossing over
  - when two DNA molecules mix to form a new DNA molecule
* provides essential diversity of antibodies and T-cell receptors.

Homologous recombination
* exchanges the native mouse gene for the mutant gene.
* involves the breaking and rejoining of chromatids.
* is used to insert payloads into larger vectors
  - very, very rare
* plays two important roles in the life cycle of most organisms.

Meiotic recombination
* creates crossovers that are essential for proper chromosome segregation.
* is important in maintaining genome stability from one generation to the next.
* occurs during formation of pollen and egg cells with a high frequency.