Toxicity
* Most toxicity is seen in cell types that are rapidly dividing
  - testing for food-use pesticides uses only adult animals
* Some toxicities can cause lysis of blood cells, the most common example being lead poisoning.
* Toxicities are subjective, objective, or both.
* Toxicities can also occur with collection of morels
  - easily occur with some micronutrients
  - mostly relates to site of injection
  - occur at lower intake levels in infants, children, and pregnant and lactating women
* also occurs when higher doses are administered accidentally or deliberately.
* can also occur in the fetus
  - result in withering and scorching of foliage
  - be variable with methanol
  - cause reversible nerve damage
* can occur in three different modalities, acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity
  - rapidly without the occurrence of warning signs
  - result where high levels of iodine are fed for long periods of time
* causes primarily heart damage, and deaths due to heart failure have been reported
  - weakness, confusion, diarrhoea and skin rashes
  - weight gain as a protective mechanism by the body
* chemical property of matter.
* correlates best with the number of chlorine atoms in each homologous series.
* decreases as chlorine atoms are added or removed.
* depends on the amount of plant material ingested.
* hazard of boron application when adequate amounts are present for plant uptake
  - that almost every laboratory worker recognizes, but understands poorly
* increases with higher water temperatures and acidity
  - maturity or when the plant is drought stressed
* is an inherent property of all substances
  - the material
  - associated with relatively high consumption levels of at least one liter per day
  - based upon risk versus benefit
  - caused by both inhibition of cellular metabolism and nitrite oxidization of hemoglobin
* is characterized by an asymptomatic ring of yellow-orange crystals in the macular region
  - nausea, episodic vomiting, and diarrhea in some cases
  - compounded by the apparent palatability of yew
* is dependent on the amount people ingest
  - concentration of the calcium hypochlorite
  - dose related
  - due to an excessive intake of nitrates or nitrites
  - enhanced by acidosis and hypercarbia
  - established by injecting lab mice with an extract of mussel tissue
  - like that of phenoxybenzamine
  - mainly a matter of blood contamination
* is measured by a decrease in light output
  - testing liver enzymes with classic tests that are extremely sensitive
  - in different ways
  - morbidity
  - one consideration in assessing the hazard in handling a particular pesticide
  - provided in reference to mammals and to fish
  - rare except in certain diseases involving vitamin D or the parathyroid gland
  - secondary to hypoxia, reoxygenation toxicity, a d oxygen radical formation
  - seen in the bone marrow, lymphoid organs, intestines, liver and testes
  - similar to that of cyclosporine, with nephrotoxicity being a major adverse effect
* is the ability of a chemical substance to cause harm
  - capacity of a material to produce injury or harm
  - condition where harmful or toxic gases encounter breathable gases
* is the inherent ability of a material to cause adverse health affects
  - substance to cause adverse health effects
  - to impair health
  - capacity of a substance to cause injury or death
* is the potential a chemical, such as a pesticide, has for causing harm
  - substance has to poison humans, animals, or plants
  - for a substance to cause harm to organisms with which it interacts
  - quality, state, or degree of being poisonous
* major cause of illness, disease and feelings of general malaise.
* matter of dose.
* means poison.
* measure of the poisoning strength and is an unchanging characteristic of a chemical
* occurs as a result of intentional overdose or accidental ingestion
  - through contact with skin and mucus membrane of eyes, nose, and throat
* often occurs because of the exposure of children to lead which can be found in many homes.
* plays a role in many conditions such as atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
* ranges from acute death to chronic diseases, cancer and reproductive malfunction.
* reaches a peak when the plant matures.
* real but far less common cause of fish kill.
* refers to how toxic, or poisonous, the oil is to either people or other organisms
  - the degree to which a specific insecticide is poisonous to animals
* relates to the waste's ability to contaminate groundwater.
* requires saturation of metabolic pathways of detoxification.
* results from the binding of ampho B molecules to cholesterol in the host's cell membrane
  - in a reduction in light emitted by the bacteria
* seems to be related to the level of tolerance developed for the effects of the drug.
* simply means the ability to do damage to the fungus cells.
* tends to be chronic and result in alkali disease and blind staggers.
* varies greatly depending on different metal compounds
  - in other groups of chemicals
  - with both the concentration of vapor and the length of exposure