### animal | vertebrate | mammal:

Whale
* All Whales are highly active animals.
* All whales are gray
  - mammals and have lungs
  - mammals, and they are more closely related to cows than to fish
  - nonhumans
  - subject to colds
  - very noisy
  - belong wo two main cetacean groups
  - can swim
  - face a wide range of new and increasing threats
  - have unique patterns of thickened skin patches, called callosities, on their heads
  - make sounds
  - probably produce sounds
  - shelter in the ocean for various reasons
  - use sound as a very important part of their daily lives
* Every whale has a unique pattern, much like fingerprints in humans
  - to come up to the surface to breathe air
* Many whales also have distinctive scars from encounters with boats
  - are endangered, largely due to past hunting
* Many whales migrate to tropical waters for breeding and birthing their babies
  - yearly from cold feeding waters to warm breeding waters
  - return year after year to the same spot
  - stick their heads out of water and appear to be taking a look around
* Most whales adapt to life.
* Most whales are descended from land mammals
  - terrestrial mammals
  - highly social
  - social animals, although a few species live in pairs or are solitary
  - attain full size
  - begin life
* Most whales can hold their breath for prolonged periods of time
  - ingest vast quantities of food through mouths that match their enormous size
  - come from mammals
  - conserve heat
* Most whales consume fish
  - other animals
  - small prey
  - create sound
* Most whales depend on sound
  - underwater sound
  - detect sound
* Most whales drink sea water
* Most whales eat diets
  - krill
  - organisms
  - plankton
  - salmon
  - zooplankton
* Most whales enjoy life
  - reproductive life
* Most whales enter antarctic water
  - bays
  - evolve over years
* Most whales feed on animals
  - find along coasts
* Most whales find in antarctic water
  - gather food
  - grow to feet
* Most whales have babies
  - baleen plates
  - barnacles
  - blubber
  - bony skulls
  - brains
  - breaths
  - continuous distribution
  - expectancy
  - eyes
  - fins
  - flat heads
  - flippers
  - full stomachs
  - global distribution
  - hearts
  - holes
  - huge jaws
  - important roles
  - large baleen
  - length
  - life expectancy
  - mammalian brains
  - massive skulls
  - muscles
  - penises
  - powerful jaws
  - senses
  - shape flippers
  - songs
  - tail flippers
  - upper jaws
  - vestigial pelves
  - vision
  - white skin
* Most whales inhabit arctic regions
  - inshore water
  - north pacific water
  - oceans
  - lack dorsal fins
  - live for over years
* Most whales live in antarctic regions
  - areas
  - communities
  - freshwater habitats
  - temperature
  - water temperature
  - worlds
  - out life
* Most whales maintain body temperature
  - energy
  - migrate to polar regions
* Most whales move through water
  - throughout their lifetimes
  - nurse their young ones for about six-seven months
  - occur in oceans
  - pass through stages
* Most whales play important roles
  - vital roles
* Most whales possess organs
  - teeth
* Most whales prefer ocean water
  - pursue prey
  - range in ages
* Most whales receive blood
  - nutrient rich blood
* Most whales rely on sound
  - reside in areas
* Most whales retain color
  - yellowish color
  - seek prey
  - stay under water
  - survive months
  - swim in oceans
* Most whales swim through deep water
  - take a few breaths, arch their backs, raise their flukes and dive deeper into the water
  - travel up to kilometres
* Most whales use flippers
  - frequency sound
  - low frequency sound
  - noise
  - tail flukes
  - their tongue to get the food that is trapped in their baleen
* Most whales vary in color
  - shapes
* Most whales wash up on coasts
  - south coasts
* Most whales weigh as tons
  - metric tons
  - over tons
  - tonnes
* Some Whales have six times as much gray matter as Humans do.
* Some whales affect outcomes
  - are eaten by whales
* Some whales are fed by bottom sediments
  - omnivores
  - the biggest animals on earth
  - belong to families
* Some whales can also swim with their mouths open, straining out food continuously
  - have impact
  - hunt sharks, too
  - jump out of the water and dive back in again
  - remain submerged for up to two hours
  - carry children
* Some whales consume other mammals
  - sea mammals
  - descend from insectivores
* Some whales die from bacterial infection
  - gastrointestinal problems
  - do have teeth
* Some whales eat antarctic whales
  - blue whales
  - fish and some species of whales are equipped to eat plankton in great quantities
  - krill and plankton which are tiny, shrimp-like animals
  - large sharks
  - mammals, squid, krill, and so forth
  - marine mammals
  - monsters
  - octopi
  - otters
  - plankton such as copepods or krill, while others eat small fish or squid
  - sea otters
  - seals
  - squids
* Some whales enter gulfs
  - river mouths
  - escape from sharks
  - even spend the summer in Oregon and can be seen year 'round
* Some whales feed during springs
  - in summer
* Some whales feed on algas
  - birds
  - fish squids
  - kinds
  - milk
  - narwhals
  - sea birds
  - float at the surface for a while after they die
  - follow warm water current
  - form strong bonds
  - generate flukes
* Some whales go into states
  - through periods
* Some whales have a very powerful tail slap
  - ability
  - blubber layers
  - bridges
  - calves
  - combs
  - depressions
  - enemies
  - fingers
  - foam
  - grooves
  - injuries
  - limbs
  - long periods
  - mutation
  - natural predators
  - nerves
  - numbers
  - olfactory nerves
  - plastic
  - roofs
  - short flippers and others have long ones
  - smooth backs while others have knobs and ridges down the middle of their backs
  - snouts
  - spiral valves
  - teeth, others have baleen that filters small animals out of the water
* Some whales have thick blubber layers
  - throat grooves
  - tiny limbs
  - very sharp teeth and powerful jaws such as the killer whale
* Some whales have vestigial hind limbs
  - voices
  - hold breaths
  - interact with trainers
* Some whales kill calves
  - individuals
  - penguins
  - lack teeth
  - leave water
  - live for over centuries
* Some whales live in attraction
  - hemispheres
  - wild arctic attraction
  - look like flippers
  - make very loud low sounds
  - meet death
* Some whales migrate to locations
  - migrate, or swim all over the world, while others remain year-round in the same place
  - occur in habitats
  - poke their head up out of the water and turn around
  - pose danger
* Some whales possess barnacles
  - prey on sharks
* Some whales rely on ice
  - sea ice
  - solo hunting while others rely on the co-ordination of group hunting
  - share common ancestors
  - show similarity
  - stay calves
  - strand on beaches
  - suffer for several minutes, even up to one hour, before dying
* Some whales suffer from fungal infection
  - same fate
* Some whales use echolocation
  - noses
  - shape noses
  - wait for prey
  - wash up on shores
  - watch fish
  - weigh pounds
* actually have suborders depending on whether they have teeth or baleen.
* also are mammals that travel in pods, and are closely related to dolphins
  - communicate through low frequency creaks, moans, and groans
  - emit low frequency sound waves
  - grow some sparse hair, usually on the front of the lower jaw
* also have Lepas
  - more myoglobin, the oxygen-carrying pigment in the muscle
  - leap out of the water
  - like small creatures called cumaceans and isopods
  - retain a number of vestigial structures in their organs of sensation
  - swim very differently than fish
* also use a variety of sounds to communicate
  - body language to communicate
  - their blubber to store up energy for future use
* always go to the same place to breed.
* are Gravely Endangered
  - a good example of using low-frequency sound to communicate
  - able to grow to such enormous sizes because their weight is supported by the water
  - abundant, and some six species of seals are found in the area
  - accustomed to sea lions swimmin near
  - actually worth more alive than dead
  - airbreathers with lungs while fish breathe with gills
  - almost extinct
* are also able to control the assignment of blood to various parts of their body
  - extremely large
  - important for our soul in a respect
* are also in the limelight
  - polar regions and can be found near the surfaces of water where they prey
  - among the most interesting and awe inspiring creatures on Earth
* are an ancient species going back before any of our tribal traditions
  - endangered species
  - another marine mammal , but unlike the seals, they are exclusively marine
  - aquatic mammals
* are at the top of the food chain and have no predators other than humans
  - vast food chains of the sea
  - big mammals
  - blue and white
  - bony fish
* are by far the largest living mammal on the planet earth
  - no means alone in their symphonic calls
  - capable of swims
  - cetaceans
  - classified as mammals, even though they are clearly aquatic animals
  - divided into two categories, based on their teeth
  - endangered animals
  - enormous in size and weight
* are extremely derived mammals
  - rare in the Mediterranean Sea
  - from a group of mammals called cetaceans
  - generally scarce, but are occasionally spotted further north
* are highly evolved mammals
  - specialized for life in the water
  - hunted for their meat and other body parts
  - kind of like huge fish, but they are actually mammals
  - known to teach , learn , cooperate , scheme , and even grieve
  - large brained and sensitive creatures
  - large, magnificent, intelligent, aquatic mammals
  - large-brained and sensitive creatures
  - localised, according to their kinds, in certain seas which they never leave
* are located in aquariums
* are long-lived and produce few young at a time
  - mammals with a low reproductive rate
* are mammals and have many of the features and systems of mammal anatomy
  - reproduce by internal fertilization just as other mammals do
  - but the whale shark true shark and the largest fish in the world
  - deriving their oxygen from the air
  - designed for life in water
* are mammals that live in the ocean like fish, but they are very, very different from fish
* are mammals, breathing fresh air by means of a blowhole and a pair of lungs
  - just like human beings, they breathe air and feed their young on milk
  - so they feed milk to their babies and breathe air
  - they nourish their young with milk from the mother
  - which means the sperm whale has lungs and breathes air
* are marine mammals and breath air
  - masterful singers, capable of sending their calls over thousands of miles
  - migratory
  - much larger than most dolphins and porpoises
  - no more or less an important part of the food chain than most other animals
  - one of the resources to which the concept of sustainable use is applicable
  - phenomenal creatures
  - playful and carefree
  - plentiful
  - probably able to excrete large quantities of urine with their kidneys
  - rare and seabirds uncommon, due in large part to unpredictable open water conditions
  - rare, except for the occasional narwhal
  - ships
  - still most densely concentrated on the southern half of the bank
  - streamlined, almost hairless, entirely aquatic
  - strong powerful swimmers
* are the centerpiece of our culture and tradition
  - hippopotamus 's closest living relatives
  - largest and most stable nekton in the ocean
* are the largest animals ever to live and reside in the oceans and coastal areas
  - in the ocean , and in Antarctica
  - known animal and they live in the deep blue oceans
  - living creatures on earth, and the the longest living animal on earth
  - things in the world
* are the most biggest animals in the world
  - specialized of all mammals
  - wonderful creatures on Earth
  - thought to sleep around eight hours a day
  - uniquely special creatures
  - unpredictable critters, but schools of dolphins are usually plentiful
  - usually much larger, whereas porpoises are smaller
* are very good at remembering, and seem to have a great deal to talk about
  - vulnerable where there are a lot of boats nearby
  - vital to sustaining healthy marine life by regulating the food flow of the ocean
  - warm blooded
* are warm-blooded mammals that spend their time in the sea
  - who spend their entire lives in the open sea
* arrive each year at the oceanfront and even a birth or two have been great events.
* blow the water off their blowholes before taking in a breath.
  - out of the top of their head from a blowhole
* breathe through blowholes, which are located on top of their heads
  - their mouths noses blowholes
  - with their lungs
* breed on average in three-year cycles.
* can be challenging subjects when it comes to exposure
  - wall mounted or placed on a mirror
  - make a variety of sounds
* carry vital clues that help measure the health of the oceans.
* catch krill.
* close mouths.
  - near shore in late spring and early summer on their way to the Arctic
* come to Hawaii in the winter
  - the surface regularly to breathe air
* communicate with each other by clicking
  - one another through a wide variety of whistles, squeaks and whines
  - sounds similar to the trumpeting of elephants
* consume animals
  - kgs
* continuously travel throughout the oceans all of their lives.
* depend on hearing the way humans depend on sight
* dive routinely to very deep depths.
* do drink sea water, but they also get water from their food
  - the same thing as they swim, showing their ancient terrestrial heritage
  - their tails very nicely-they've had so long to evolve
* eat a huge amount of fish etc., and the balance of the ecosystem is collapsing
  - certain kinds of squid, which are a reddish-pinkish color
  - fish and krill
  - krill, fish, squid and seals
  - seals and other sea mammals to stay alive
  - small organisms called plankton as food
* either have the transmitter implanted into their body or bolted onto their dorsal fin.
* engage in activities.
* evolve from ancestors
* exhibit behaviour.
* expel air.
* feed by gulping in water and forcing it out through the baleen, trapping the tiny plankton.
* feed in blue waters teeming with fish
  - one of two ways
  - phytoplankton
  - prey that live between the second and seventh levels of the food chain
  - their young with milk from their mammary glands
* fill an important part in the food chain.
* get quite large.
* graze on microorganisms.
* have a far longer life span than most other animals
  - further major claim to evolutionary fame
  - global range, to the point that species of whale can be found in every ocean
  - great deal of blubber because they are bigger
  - habit of appearing at meal times
  - larynx, but no cords
  - number of physical features that they use to perform deep dives
* have a thick layer of fat , or blubber , that can be melted down to make oil
  - under their skin called blubber
  - actions
  - acute hearing, so it was important to approach quietly
  - an elongated head, especially baleen whales , due to the wide overhanging jaw
  - bellybuttons, too
  - blow holes
  - bones
  - few anatomical features re- maining that are reminiscent of their land life
  - flippers, flukes, and blowholes
  - hair around their blow holes
  - hair, although they have a lot less than land mammals, and have almost none as adults
* have horizontal tail fins
  - tails and show a lot of black
  - incredibly sensitive hearing and can hear for miles
  - larger brains than sharks
  - little teeth
  - lungs and breathe air
  - mammary glands with which they nourish their young
  - methods
  - near perfect adaptation to a watery environment
  - no hind limbs and, therefore, no hip or leg bones
  - only two enemies-man and the killer whale
  - poor vision
  - real bones
  - riders, too
  - small eyes, designed to withstand great pressures, and most species have good vision
  - smooth, rubbery skin that slips easily through the water
  - some basic shape but they differ in many ways
  - special mouth parts for obtaining food
  - spindle cells in greater numbers and are maintained for twice as long as humans
* have the biggest bones on the planet
  - general bow shape of a fish, though in some whales the head is greatly enlarged
  - largest hearts on the planet
  - thick layers of blubber or fat that help the animal float and stay warm
  - to come to the surface to breathe
  - traces of hind legs and hips
  - truly large body sizes
  - very efficient lungs
* hear from little holes behind their eyes.
* hunt fish.
* hunt for food
* includes brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - nuclei
  - pedal extremities
  - piluses
  - plasma membranes
  - rib cages
  - sections
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
  - vertebrate feet
* ingest food.
* just hold their breath like any other mammals and they can it do for up to several minutes.
* keep warm in the icy ocean water because of the fat under their skin called blubber.
* lie undisturbed.
* like to feed in the cold oceans where there is an abundance of their favorite food.
* live and travel in families called pods.
* live in a dark and murky world
* live in family groups called pods
  - groups, aid each other in distress, and talk to each other
  - salt water
* live in the ocean and the fartherest south that the ocean goes is around Ross Island
  - pretty ocean
  - water most of their lives some of their lives all of their lives
* live in water for their whole lives
  - only in water, and tend to stay where it is warmer
* living in shallower waters, like the humpback whale, make sounds that are more melodic.
* look like big fish but they are mammals like horses and cats.
* make a tremendous sound as they let their air out
* mate in springs.
* measure feet.
* migrate further than any other animal.
* move around a lot, particularly the large ones.
* move their tails up and down
  - tails, or flukes, up and down
* move through the ocean by an up and down motion of their tails
* need sea water
* never clean out their ears.
* occur in all the worlds' oceans
* offer a host of opportunities for the adventurous diver.
* often become entangled in fishing gear
  - come very close to shore
  - dive in search for food
* only have one baby at a time and the baby is born tail first and is fully developed.
* open mouths.
* pass by during their bi-annual migration
* perform four activities while swimming.
* play in the river, which, by now, is part of the salt-water ocean
  - waters and lighthouses mark the jetties
* prey on bottlenose dolphins
* primarily communicate by sound and touch, by also do some visually, and perhaps by taste.
* produce bubble nets to aid in herding prey
  - two basic types of underwater sounds that presumably serve two different purposes
* reach their adult size later than they become able to reproduce.
* regularly migrate up our east coast and dolphins are a common sight off many of our beaches.
* reproduce by going through a courtship phase and mating
  - in the same manner that humans do, by a female egg being fertilized by male sperm
  - more slowly than humans
* resemble fish outwardly, but resemble mammals internally.
* rise in three stages.
* roam oceans.
* see quite well both above water and below.
* seem to be feeding on abundant zooplankton in the waters here
  - have lost their sense of smell, since they spend little time in the air
  - touch the human spirit like nothing else
* share characteristics.
* shed flakes of dead skin, especially when they leap and dive.
* sing long to sonar
  - songs as their communication link between each other
* sleep approximately eight hours per day.
* speak to other whales in a language that appears to include abstruse mathematical poetry.
* stalk prey.
* suffer from illegal whaling, entanglement in fishing nets and death from pollution.
* swallow animals
  - tiny float animals
* swim by in some seasons.
* swim by moving their tail flukes up and down
  - tails up and down side to side round and round
* swim in the channels and seals lie on the rocks
  - waters around the island
  - into a school of krill or small fish with their mouths open
* talk to each other by making high pitched sounds like whistles, clicks, squeaks, and groans.
* tend to excrete more frequently than land animals
  - feed around the ice edge
* then eat a ton of it per day
  - use their tongues to loosen the amphipods from the baleen, and swallow
* travel hundreds of miles a year and they get their food and other things by themselves
  - long distances each day
* turn up to see people.
* use baleen to filter small food organisms from the water
  - echolocation mainly for navigation and hunting
  - sound for communication and echolocation
* use sound to communicate and echolocate
  - with one another
  - see in the dark
* use the outward movement of the ribs to fill their lungs with air
  - sound channel to communicate over vast distances
* use their ears to get around in the dark depths
  - excellent hearing
* use their flukes to propel themselves through the water
  - swim, and have lots of muscles around tehm, so they are very strong
* usually take about one to two breaths per minute while traveling at the surface.
* visit the bay on their annual migration during winter and spring
  - warm waters of the Caribbean during the winter months to mate and have babies
* watching on Maui is seasonal
  - provides people with an opportunity to learn about and appreciate marine wildlife
* weigh as metric tons
+ Antarctica, Life in Antarctica, Animals: Gondwana
  * Whales are the largest animals in the ocean, and in Antarctica. They are mammals, not fish. That means that they breathe air and do not lay eggs. Many different kinds of whales live in the oceans around Antarctica.
  * Men have hunted whales for hundreds of years. Whale meat is used for food. Whales have a thick layer of fat, or blubber, that can be melted down to make oil. The oils are used to light lamps.
+ Whale, Physiology
  * Whales breathe through blowholes. Baleen whales have two and toothed whales have one. Breathing first shoots out extra water from the blowhole, making a jet into the air, followed by inhaling air into the lungs.
  * All mammals sleep, including whales, but they cannot stay in an unconscious state for too long, because they need to be conscious to breathe. Whales are thought to sleep around eight hours a day
  - Taxonomy: Cetaceans
  * Both cetaceans and artiodactyl are now classified under the super-order  Cetartiodactyla, which includes both whales and hippopotamuses. Whales are the hippopotamus's closest living relatives
  - Whale behaviour, Socialization
+ Whaling, The History of Hunting: Fishing
  * Whales have a thick layer of fat under their skin called blubber. For many years, the Eskimos of Alaska depended on these whales to live. In this way, one whale could feed an Eskimo community for a long time. They were important to the Eskimos. However, sometimes a good thing can get out of control and become a bad thing. This was what happened in whale hunting.