### soil | wetland | bog:

Mire
* are bogs
  - difficulty
  - mud
  - wetlands with a vegetation which is usually peat-forming
* can form in two general ways.
* come in two general types, minerotrophic and ombrotrophic.

### soil | wetland:

Coastal wetland
* Many coastal wetlands contain swamp communities along the landward margin.
* absorb the erosive energy of waves, further reducing erosion.
* are also habitats for many furbearing mammals that provide for a strong fur market
  - important for keeping coastal waters clean
* are among the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate change
  - most productive ecosystems on Earth
  - an important factor to insure the success of bird migration
  - home to a variety of animals
  - likely to be lost to sea level rise
  - the life zones for a number of species and they are popular recreation points
  - valuable resources
  - variable ecosystems, making monitoring and assessment difficult
* help to blunt the force of major storms.
* occur in estuaries, behind barrier islands, and along low-energy coastlines.
* play a major role by absorbing the force of storms as they hit shore.
* provide habitat for migrating, wintering and breeding birds
  - many benefits to society
* serve as havens for native plants and animals.

### soil | wetland:

Fen
* also develop in cool and wet climates, but they have a better nutrient supply than bogs
  - occur at the foot of calcareous slopes
* also produce peat but are fed by streams or by ground water
  - peat, but unlike bogs they are nou rished by streams and rivers
  - support reeds, orchids, grasses and trees in the drier parts
* are a rare type of wetland found in the sandhill wetlands
  - found throughout the world, wherever water gathers and flows from a catchment
  - groundwater-fed wetlands with soils high in moisture and organic matter
  - inland, freshwater marshes common in lime-rich areas
  - minerotrophic which means that their water supply is from the mineral-rich ground water
  - palustrine wetlands characterized by the surficial exposure of alkaline groundwater
  - peat-forming wetlands that support diverse plant and animal communities
  - peatlands with wet, spongy ground
  - the rarest wetlands and they are given special protection
  - typically more productive and less acidic than bogs
* are wet because of underground seeps or springs, and have alkaline water
  - year-round and have good drainage
  - wetlands having peaty soils and strong groundwater flows
* come in a very wide range of different forms.
* confers sensitivity to the insecticide fenthion.
* exhibit much greater species diversity than bogs.
* form non-acidic peat.
* have a higher plant diversity than bogs due to higher nutrient levels
  - boggy or quaking bottom soils
  - slow moving water that rinses acid from the soil
* is an unit
* produce grains, potatoes, sugar beats, and many more.
* provide critical habitat for many rare plants.
* receive some drainage inputs from surrounding mineral soils and supports marsh-like vegetation
  - water from groundwater sources

Healthy wetland
* are part of a healthy coastal ecosystem.
* means cleaner water, reduced flooding and more places for recreation.

Inland wetland
* are areas where water is at or just below the surface of the ground.
* occur everywhere from plains to mountain tops.