### sound | ultrasound:

Breast ultrasound
* painless, non-invasive method for evaluating breast abnormalities.
* procedure generally used to compliment mammography.
* uses high-frequency waves to image to the breast.

Cardiac ultrasound
* monitors how their hearts are pumping.
* uses sound waves to produce pictures of the heart in motion.

Endoscopic ultrasound
* is performed by gastroenterologists in a manner similar to routine endoscopy.
* useful way to determine the site of the tumor within the bowel wall.

Pelvic ultrasound
* can reveal additional associated congenital malformations of the uterus or cervix.
* clinically useful tool in the evaluation of spontaneous abortion.
* is the imaging study of choice for initial evaluation of pelvic disease
  - useful to examine the uterus and adnexal structures

Routine ultrasound
* is likely to miss other fetal problems such as heart defects and club foot
  - the method of choice for dating pregnancy
* uses sound waves that are at a very safe level for imaging of a fetus.

Testicular ultrasound
* is used to confirm the diagnosis.
* very useful tool in describing the characteristics of a scrotal mass.

Therapeutic ultrasound
* can treat damaged tendons.
* is capable of significantly raising the temperature of deep tissues
  - designed to intentionally produce certain biological effects

Transvaginal ultrasound
* is performed by inserting a probe into the vagina.
* produces much sharper images than does abdominal ultrasound.
* uses a probe to produce an image of the ovaries on a monitor screen.

Ultrasound testing
* is also helpful in diagnosing an ectopic pregnancy.
* uses sound waves to detect whether a mass is solid, cystic or filled with fluid.

### sound:

Vowel
* All vowels occur in words of one syllable and in words of two or more syllables.
* Some vowels bring two sounds together
  - keep their regular sound, but some vowels get weak
* are a musical element of singing aside from their information carrying function
  - harder to classify because they're more continuous
  - letters
  - like the European long vowels
  - long when they are in open syllables, which end in a vowel
  - much more variable than consonants
  - often the major expression of an accent
  - open sounds and consonants are relatively closed
  - part of speechs
  - particularly interchangeable in various languages and transliteration systems
  - phoneme
  - phonemes made by sending sound from the vocal cords through an open, shaped mouth
  - short if before two or more consonants, or before a single final consonant
  - simpler than consonants
* are the big difficulty in reading and spelling
  - sacred name
  - typical example of such phonemes
* become nasalized because they assimilate to the nasality of a following nasal.
* behave differently in accented and unaccented syllables.
* have a natural flow, while consonants define separate spaces and trigger distinct rhythms
  - long and short sounds, including umlauted vowels
  - minimal oral cavity constriction and are typically voiced
  - two main ones, their long and short sounds
* is sound
* often occur in the middle of words.
* serves as a syllable nucleus, or the open part of a syllable bound by consonants.
* typically represent several different sounds.

### sound | vowel:

Diphthong
* are also able to be constructed using a combination of two vowels
  - contours
  - digraphs
  - more than one vowel together
* involve gliding pitches.

Gradation
* is quantification
  - rank
* refers to the size distribution of the particles in the envelope.