### plant:

Perennial
* Identify herbaceous perennials used in southeastern landscapes.
* Many perennials are susceptible to the virus and thrips
  - grown from seed take one or two years before they flower
  - look the same when they have only a couple of their first leaves
* Most perennials also reproduce by seed so new seedlings germinate every year
  - are adaptable to sun or shade, various soil and water conditions
  - benefit from a boost with fertilizer as new growth begins in the spring
  - die back in winter, but some retain many of their leaves
  - do best in full sun, although many tolerate shade, and some even prefer it
  - end up spindly and unattractive when high-nitrogen fertilizers are applied
  - give daily color and last longer
  - have to be dug up and divided occasionally
* Most perennials prefer good levels of sunlight, about six hours is optimal
  - well-drained soil
  - reach their mature size in two to three years
* Some perennials are even well-suited to growing on a trellis or a fence line
  - extremely drought-tolerant
  - invasive and others require pruning
  - very long lived, and some short
  - live to return year after year for decades or even centuries
  - provide beauty through striking foliage or texture
  - take three or more years to produce flowers
* add nutrients to the soil directly, but they also have an indirect effect.
* also produce new plants from seed.
* are a little more costly but can live for years as they grow and spread
  - an indispensable part of every garden, regardless of size
  - best divided in fall as the plants enter dormancy
  - classified as either herbaceous or woody
  - difficult and costly to control once a crop has been planted
* are great at filling voids between blooms
  - for taking up lawn because they can require little care
  - less fussy about the timing of rainfall
  - long-lived compared to annuals and require relatively low maintenance
* are more primitive than biennials, and biennials are usually more primitive than annuals
  - work than annuals
  - most often deciduous plants, which reappear from the roots year after year
* are plants that can live for several years or more
  - come back every summer
  - continue to grow indefinitely
* are plants that grow back year after year, assuming they have proper conditions and care
  - persistently for many seasons
  - live and bloom for more than one year
* are plants that live for three years or longer
  - two or more years
* are plants that live more than two growing seasons
  - two seasons
  - survive the winter
  - popular because they live for many years once established in the flower garden
  - probably the most useful, versatile plants around
  - the staple plants of many garden palettes
* bloom all summer.
* bring color and texture to the landscape.
* can add brilliance and backbone to many gardens
  - be dandy container plants
  - fill niches in dry shade, moist shade, and damp or dry sunny spots
  - last decades and spread more each year
  - range in height from several inches to many feet
  - take three or four years to reach a mature size
* come back every year for three or more years
  - season after season, and survive the winters in their roots
  - up too early because of the heat from the lines, then they freeze off
* continue in a pasture year after year while annuals have top be planted every year.
* develop their roots, stems, leaves, flowers and seeds all in the first year.
* differ in growth habit, size, leaf morphology, and other characteristics.
* drop seeds at different times throughout the growing season, depending upon the species.
* establish a root system and come back each year.
* generally require different conditions from annual seeds.
* grow in sweeps
  - to twice their size in as little as one year
* grows from the parent plant.
* have a positive effect on the annual crops as well
  - shorter bloom period than annuals
  - enough work growing without competing with weeds for food, water and space
  - several different types of root systems
* know it's time to rest for the winter.
* live and produce seeds year after year.
* live for more than one growing season
  - that one growing season
  - several years after germination
  - forever
* live more than two years before their life cycle is complete
  - years, and grow back from the same roots year after year
  - the longest of the three - more than two years
* move nutrients into their roots during fall to prepare for winter.
* often require less maintenance than some annual flowers.
* prefer full sun and well-drained soil.
* produce new vegetative growth from growing points at or below the soil surface.
* protect annuals from desiccating winds.
* provide a permanent vegetation cover and annuals can be intercropped
  - organic fertiliser from leaf fall and nitrogen from nitrogen fixing species
  - the local fauna with nesting sites and hiding places from predators
* regrow from roots.
* represent a growing category for local greenhouses and nurseries.
* reproduce from seed, as well as vegetatively from their root systems.
* require from one to many years growth before flowering.
* sleep the first year, they creep the second year, and they leap the third year.
* subshrub native to the Mediterranean.
* survive three or more seasons.
* take longer to grow, though.
* tend to be lower maintenance and more drought resistant than other types of plants
  - die back to the ground when exposed to cold weather during the winter
* usually live for several years a
  - show up best when planted in clumps or groups of plants of the same variety