### plant | tracheophyte | herb | grass:

Cheatgrass
* greens up early in the spring before the native grasses.
* helps fires spread faster, and the weed returns before most other plants after a fire.
* invades sites soon after disturbance.
* is grass
* thrives with more available nutrients, especially nitrogen.

### plant | tracheophyte | herb | grass:

Cordgrass
* Most cordgrasses grow in intertidal zones
* Most cordgrasses have dark green leaves
  - distribution
  - rhizomes
  - wide distribution
  - produce pollen
  - provide storm surge protection
* Some cordgrasses grow feet
  - on terraces
* Some cordgrasses have glands
  - salt glands
  - single spikes
  - obtain nutrients
  - produce flowers
* have blades
* includes cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - vacuoles
  - vegetables
* provide protection
  - superior protection

### plant | tracheophyte | herb | grass | cordgrass:

Gulf cordgrass
* Some gulf cordgrasses have single spikes
* is tolerant of submersion and can extend to beaches
  - well adapted to fire

### plant | tracheophyte | herb | grass | cordgrass:

Smooth cordgrass
* Most smooth cordgrasses grow in intertidal zones
* Most smooth cordgrasses provide protection
* Some smooth cordgrasses have glands
  - salt glands
  - produce flowers
* has a mutualistic relationship with both fiddler crabs and ribbed mussels
  - smooth, blade-like leaves that taper to a point
* have blades
  - salt glands that excrete salt onto the leaf surface
* is an important food source for many endemic and migratory birds
  - primary producer in salt marshes
  - found from Newfoundland to Florida and west to Texas
  - well-adapted to a frequently flooded, saline environment
* native perennial grass with flat, blade-like leaves.
* survives fires by tillering from rhizomes.

Crabgrass
* are grass
  - summer annuals that germinate and grow best late in the season
* germinates in the very early spring.
* spreads by seeds produced and distributed in the soil from previous years.
* starts germination about the time the lilacs are beginning to bloom.

Different grass
* Many different grasses cover the steppes, plains, and gently rolling hills.
* grow at different times of the year
  - best in different locations
* require different amounts of water.
* respond in different ways to chemicals applied in the control of weeds.

Dry grass
* grows in pubic clumps.
* is an open invitation for fires, especially in summer
  - reflected in the water
* responds by wilting and rolling or folding the leaves.

Dune grass
* is essential to dune development
  - very important to the preservation of sand dunes
* keep the beach from eroding and are extremely delicate.

Forage grass
* are subject to a multitude of leaf, stem, floral, and root diseases.
* differ in their ability to suppress Canada thistle.

Fountain grass
* grows well in any fertile, moist, wet or well-drained soil.
* has beautiful plumes that emerge in midsummer, resembling foxtails on sticks
  - more compact growth habit and crimson foliage
* is able to spread under the right conditions
  - found in Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Florida, Louisiana, and Tennessee

Foxtail
* are barbed seeds of dried grasses and weeds, most common during the dry season
  - common in California and other Western states
  - late spring emerging weeds
* can be extremely dangerous to dogs.
* ruin the summer for dogs in California.

Foxtail millet
* are foxtails
* contains very little floury endosperm and is of a hard, corneous texture.
* have low seedling vigor and in general are poor competitors with weeds.
  - harvested and dried before threshing
  - native to temperate Eurasia and, today, is mainly produced in China
* possesses adaptation to low fertility soils.

Giant foxtail
* grows best on fertile sandy soils.
  - the major grass weed in the Corn Belt
* produces large seeds which are valuable wildlife food.