### placement | concentration:

Alkalinity
* Most alkalinity is in the bicarbonate form.
* affects the availability of plant nutrients, especially iron.
* can be a major problem in the North Carolina, especially in the coastal plains region
  - an indication of the presence of lime
* dries the skin and bacteria thrive in alkalinity.
* favors the rapid multiplication of microbes, whereas acidity opposes it.
* fights colds, bacteria and increases oxygen to the cell.
* function primarily of carbon dioxide concentration in the water sample.
* helps control the pH of water.
* indicates the buffering capacity of natural waters.
* is also significant in determining the suitability of water for irrigation
  - an important concept in understanding the effects of acid rain
  - countered by acid
  - different from basicity, which is directly related to the p H
  - expressed either as a pH or as titratable alkalinity in the form of bicarbonates
  - important in container production, much less so in field production
  - just one factor that goes into the pricing of paper
  - primarily a function of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide content of the water
  - related to the buffering capacity, or pH stability of the pond
  - significant in many uses and treatments of natural waters and wastewater
* is the ability of a natural water to neutralize acid
  - to neutralize acids
  - capacity of the lake water to neutralize acidity
  - measure of the capacity of water to accept protons or to neutralize a strong acid
* locks up iron needed for green color.
* marker for the ability a body of water had to resist damage from acid rain.
* measure of a water's capacity to neutralize acids.
* measure of the ability of the water to resist a change in pH when an acid is added
  - buffered condition of water
  - capacity of water to neutralize acids
  - proton-accepting capacity of a solution
  - resistance of stream waters to acidity
  - water's ability to neutralize acidity
* refers to how well a water body can neutralize acids.
* refers to the acidity of the soil
  - capability of water to neutralize acid
* shows interplay of organic carbon diagenesis and interactions with the sediments.
* test of the pH of water.

### placement | concentration | alkalinity:

High alkalinity
* can significantly increase the root medium pH over time.
* interferes with the bonding chemistry of most finishing sealants.

Low alkalinity
* can result in corrosion and discomfort to bathers.
* is the main indicator of susceptibility to acid rain.
* lakes and wetlands are the ecosystems most prone to accumulation of methylmercury.

Total alkalinity
* is the sum of carbonate and bicarbonate ions reported in ppm.
* measure of the amount of alkaline materials in the water.

Ambient concentration
* Most ambient concentration affects prolactin production.
* affects production

Arsenic concentration
* appear to be lower in the Southeast, based on a smaller amount of data.
* are generally highest in groundwater
  - usually highest in groundwater
* exceeds limits.

Atmospheric concentration
* Some atmospheric concentration affects photosynthesis.
* are, for the most part, very low.

Chlorine concentration
* are high in the blood, while sodium varies.
* vary according to the distance from the point of chlorine application.

Contaminant concentration
* affect the propensity for nonbreeding.
* vary from season to season and from watershed to watershed
  - over time and space

Elevate concentration
* Most elevate concentration occurs in pollute areas.
* occurs in areas

Enzyme concentration
* can, in theory, identify individuals at risk.
* change in response to different metabolic needs.

Flux density
* is concentration
  - density
* is the flux per unit frequency interval
  - physical unit used for point sources
  - ratio of flux to the area through which the flux passes