### motion:

Wave
* All waves can propagate around obstacles to some extent as a result of diffraction.
* All waves have a wavelength, an amplitude and a frequency as shown in the figure
  - one property in common and that is they transfer energy
  - properties of amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed
  - the property that, once emitted, they propagate outwards from the source
* Any wave moving through a medium has a source.
* Continuously applies a sine wave to the x-coordinates of an image.
* Most waves are caused by activities
  - displacement
  - volcanic activities
  - generated by wind
  - produced by wind
  - become thermal waves
* Most waves cause destruction
  - visible destruction
  - create sound
  - depend on contraction
  - get energy and motion from the wind
* Most waves have crests
  - patterns
  - power
  - shapes
* Most waves involve motion
  - particle motion
  - make patterns
* Most waves move across surfaces
  - through substances
  - toward the shore at some angle
* Most waves occur in water
  - within bloom periods
* Most waves produce sensation
  - reach height
  - release energy
  - result from vibration
* Most waves stimulate blood vessel growth
  - travel though matter called a medium
* Most waves travel through a medium, the properties of which determine the speed of the wave
  - used in radar, sonar, and ultrasonic technologies, are also transient
* Some waves add together, making certain frequencies or colors of light brighter
  - affect teeth
* Some waves are caused by gravitational interaction
  - hurricanes
  - spikes
  - storms
  - whales
* Some waves are generated by displacement
  - explosions
* Some waves are produced by earthquakes
  - associate with storms
  - become tsunamis
* Some waves cause heat
* Some waves contain chemicals
  - psychoactive chemicals
* Some waves create large waves
  - shock waves
* Some waves have degrees
  - hemispheres
  - motion in another direction as well as the direction of the wave
  - triple-ledges and tubes forming within tubes
  - increase electricity
  - move through air
* Some waves result from extreme heat
  - show diffraction
  - transfer heat
* Some waves travel through air
  - warm air
  - trigger earthquakes
* actually move in a horizontal direction, rising and falling.
* also add oxygen and cut the amount of light that can penetrate the surface
  - aid in distributing coral larvae and prevent sediment from settling on the reef
  - carry away small pieces of material
  - change speed when refraction occurs
* always travel fastest in the least dense medium.
* approach beaches
  - coasts
  - shores
* are a flow of energy
  - form of solar energy the uneven heating of the Earth by the sun causes air to move
  - manifestation of periodic vibrations of a system
  - powerful source of energy
  - able to reinforce and cancel one another
  - actually energy
  - an essential part of windsurfing
  - at the other end of the light spectrum
  - capable of sinking large ships, toppling oil rigs and destroying coastal homes
* are caused by the frictional drag of the wind over the surface of the water
  - wind blowing over the surface of the ocean
  - curves
* are disturbances that carry energy as they move
  - travel through matter or space in regular patterns
  - dynamic, spread out, and more like continuous wholes
  - energy fronts generated far to sea by storms
  - energy-mobiles
* are everywhere in nature
  - the natural world
  - found everywhere in the natural world
  - generally spatially big, and deposit their energy over large areas
* are generated by storms, wind, or hurricanes and can cause coastal erosion
  - wind passing over the surface of the sea
  - gestures
  - higher than the mast of the ship
  - large and slow
  - large-scale coordinated disturbances
* are located in beachs
  - oceans
  - low most of the time except during high winds
  - more than the water they contain
  - most active on the ocean side of the island but also occur on the bay side
  - necessary for rapid oxygen diffusion in lakes and seas
  - normally large, rounded and have a long period
  - one of the means by which energy can be transported
  - oscillations of the water surface
* are part of oceans
  - particularly dangerous at the outer edge of the reef, where parts of the reef are exposed
  - powerful forces of erosion
  - probably the single most dangerous naturally destructive occurrence on any shoreline
  - reservists
  - rises
  - said to be an energy transport phenomenon
* are the fashion by which energy is transmitted in the universe
  - flip side of particles
  - form of motion in fluids, or rather of interfaces between moving fluids
  - medium for a ship as the air is the medium for a human being
  - most common agent of cloudy water conditions
  - product of wind
  - relative pictures of what life appears to be
  - undulatory motion of a water surface
  - way energy moves from place to place
  - transverse
  - very important in the natural world
  - weather
* attack fractures and other weak spots to wear away the coast.
* become steeper and break heavily on shallows
  - on beaches and shoals
* begin to form as soon as the wind starts to blow.
* break against the shore releasing varying amounts of energy
  - on boulders
* build over a period of time from energy that is transferred from one point to another.
* can also interfere destructively
  - occur in lakes, lagoons, rivers and other closed or semi-enclosed basins
  - turn rocks over, even large boulders
* can be a major factor in capsizing especially if they are unexpected
  - small, medium or large
  - very large at high tide but smaller and much gentler at low tide
  - break on a beach, on rocks or a coral reef
  - cause more strain than the mussels on the bottom can bear and rip away entire clumps
  - come up very quickly
  - couple and produce broadband turbulence
  - crash on intertidal life forms with extreme force
  - deposit sediment, in addition to eroding it
  - exist at the same place at the same time
* can interfere with each other, and they can spread out, unlike particles
  - lift sailplanes to very high altitudes where oxygen is essential
  - make even sturdy logs float and roll on top of a person, causing injury or death
  - obscure a swimmer in the water
  - propagate either through a medium or in vacuum
  - sometimes reach ten feet tall, while still being playful and fun
  - travel in any plane they want
* can travel long distances as swells from their point of origin
  - up rivers as bores
  - thousands of kilometres from the point of generation
* carry crabs
  - energy and help stir up and mix nutrients, silt and decaying matter in an estuary
* carry energy from one location to another without the transfer of matter
  - place to another without translation of the medium
* carry energy from place to place and can also transmit information
  - food, nutrients, and oxygen to the reef
  - off energy so stars slow down and move closer together
  - profound destruction
  - shoreline erosion and can disrupt wildlife habitat
  - shorelines to erode and stir up sediment that impede sea grass growth and survival
* caused by earthquakes tend to be very high near the beaches.
* change direction, or refract, as they enter shallow water, because the waves slow down.
* come all the way across the Pacific and pound the shore
  - from the bottom of the ocean
* come in at an angle to the shoreline dependent on the prevailing winds
  - degrees, the smaller being the building blocks of the larger
  - groups called sets
  - off the ocean, and start to feel the shore, especially on the upper shore face
* consist of crests and troughs.
* consistently break at heights of ten to fifteen, sometimes twenty-five feet.
* continue to get larger as they move and absorb energy from the wind.
* convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.
* created by wind are the most common waves.
* diffract most when their wavelengths are a. long.
* displace the media through which they travel in both positive and negative directions.
* exist above and below the visible spectrum, too
  - only when there is motion
* extend from one place to another.
* form, crest, break, and dissipate naturally, as long as nothing interferes in their movement.
* frequently break during storm conditions, especially during an ebb tide.
* generate currents that move the sediment, which in turn modifies the waves passing over it
  - interference patterns because they can pass through the two slits simultaneously
  - more CLW than natural ice consumes
* go from small in the summer to overhead in the winter
  - most slowly in the plane of the equator and most quickly when heading poleward
* have a finite vertical extent
  - preferred direction of travel and a particular vibration
  - aspects
  - characteristics
  - enough power
  - measurable properties in a repeating pattern
* have no mass and yet they carry energy as they travel through space
  - mass, yet carry energy through space
  - properties that can be measured
  - repeat patterns
  - several aspects
  - similar characteristics
  - wave characteristics
* help shape our shoreline by forming and reforming beaches, cliffs and sand dunes.
* hit surfaces.
* increase in energy and speed, and then become longer and stronger.
  - the transport of energy without the transport of matter
* is movement
* lose energy when they come closer to shore, hit the ocean bottom and then reach the beach
  - power by creating energy, thus reducing erosion
* migrate across the ocean's surface, sometimes for thousands of miles.
* move across a medium with a speed that function of wavelength
  - at different speeds in different materials
  - by the transmission of energy by cyclic movement through matter
  - energy through a medium without moving the whole medium
  - in patterns
  - into shallow water, increase in height and cause stress in the overlying ice sheet
  - up and down all across the surface of the ocean
* normally break when the forward speed of the crest exceeds the speed of the wave itself
  - wash up onto the beach and ebb back into the sea
* occur in almost all branches of physics
* occur within bloom periods
  - normal periods
* possess great energy.
* produced by audio oscillators drive beads attached to earphone diaphragms.
* propagate up from below the thermosphere, depositing energy there.
* propel, enchant, injure and even kill.
* propogate through the earth's crusts in several forms.
* push hot water into the top of the cylinder, which pumps the water inside down
  - the medium forward in the direction of wave propagation
* quickly exploit joints, cracks and bedding planes in rock through hydraulic action.
* radiate out from a source with oscillation in the direction of propagation.
  - shallow water sooner in front of headlands
  - their maximum size when they reach the speed of the wind
  - three feet in height
* refer to many lakes
* refer to the hills and lakes
  - location of municipality on the banks of P rnu river
* reflect when they meet upright jetties, seawalls, or other vertical walls.
* refract around a headland.
* ride on the surface ocean currents, circumnavigating the earth at times.
* rise and fall at sea.
* roll along the wall and break in very shallow water.
* see crashes.
* shape the coasts and can damage organisms in the sea.
* simulation program based on a mathematical model of transverse waves along a string.
* spread out either as wavefront or as spherical wave.
* start to distort as they travel, generating harmonics, 'self-demodulation', and shocks.
* steepen and break heavily on shallows.
* steepen and break on beaches and shoals
  - beaches, shoals and submerged rocks
* swell as the sun begins to fade into the blackness of the gray clouds.
* tend to break the hardest at the shallow area, or bar, of an inlet.
* transfer energy such as sound, heat, light, and earthquakes, through different mediums
* transform in transitional and shallow water depths due to interactions with the bottom.
* transmit energy across the sea.
* travel at a constant speed, but their amplitude diminishes with time and distance
  - rate based on the distance between their crests
  - over the surface of water in a pond , through the air in a room , etc
  - roughly in the direction of the creating wind
  - with a fixed speed v through a given medium
* traveling in shallow water also steepen and sometimes break
  - through a solid medium can be either transverse waves or longitudinal waves
* undulate back and forth and light intensity varies rapidly.
* used in radios are also examples of radiant energy.
* vary from breakers at low tide to gentler, spilling surf at high tide.
* vary in direction and power according to the direction and strength of the wind
  - velocity and frequency depending on water depth, surface water area and wind
* wear away exposed points and transport beach materials to form bars cutting off bays.
+ Calculus, Other uses of calculus
  * How waves move. Waves are very important in the natural world. For example, sound and light can be thought of as waves.
+ Erosion, Erosion by water
  * Water erosion happens when water moves the pieces of rock or soil downhill and carries small pieces of material with it. Waves also carry away small pieces of material. A wave can wash up onto the surface of rock or soil and then carry away pieces of material as it flows back into the ocean or lake.
+ Luminiferous aether: Physics :: History of ideas
  * Luminiferous aether' is something once believed to fill the Universe and explain how the transmission of waves of light can happen. People believed that light was a kind of wave. Waves travel over the surface of water in a pond, through the air in a room, etc. All waves that people had studied before had traveled through something. Sound waves traveled faster through steel than through air. So people imagined that light had to travel through something too. But at the same time this substance would have to be entirely yielding so that it would not slow down the movements of planets and cause them to eventually fall into their suns.
+ Polarization: Electromagnetism :: Light
  * Some waves have motion in another direction as well as the direction of the wave. In water, for instance, the wave will move across the water, but something on the surface of the water will move up and down. This is not a perfect example because the water itself isn't moving forward, and polarization is for particles that do move forward.
+ Sine wave, Waves made of Sine Waves
+ Thermal physics, Overview: Thermodynamics
  * A central topic in thermal physics is the canonical probability distribution. The electromagnetic nature of photons and phonons are studied which show that the oscillations of electromagnetic fields and of crystal lattices have much in common. Waves form a basis for both, provided one incorporates quantum theory.
+ Wave (physics), Examples
  * Waves have properties that can be measured. All waves can be pictured by adding sine waves
+ Wavelength, Examples of waves: Wave physics :: Mechanical vibrations