### person | scientist | social scientist:

Anthropologist
* DO cite informants.
* Many anthropologists argue that there are one hundred or more racial groups
  - believe that modern humans evolved from earlier, ape-like, primates
  - enjoy working as university and community college teachers
  - link the beginning of war to religious rites, and especially to sacrifice
  - subscribe to the idea that land determines lifestyles
  - teach in colleges and universities, combining teaching with research
* Most anthropologists agree that patriarchy existed way before capitalism
  - carry out research and teach about what they have learned
  - specialize in one particular region of the world
* Some anthropologists believe native videomaking can help preserve traditional cultures
  - that head-hunting evolved from cannibalism
  - specialize in museum work, linguistics, or folklore
  - speculate that the urge to compete is part of basic human nature
  - trace most aspects of cultural difference to the environment
  - try to compare stages of tooth calcification with the stages of maturation
  - view themselves as members of a dispersed community of scholars
* also investigate the processes through which cultures change
  - look at the human experience in terms of holistic integrated systems
* are also able to see other markers present on the bones
  - careful observers of humans and their behavior
* are concerned about the loss of languages and cultures
  - with their own society, but only as one among many
  - interested in what things are valued in the culture
* are trained specialists who conduct studies of the culture and adaptation of humans
  - to do their research via the scientific method of enquiry
* base their ethnographies on the extended period of time they live in a community.
* believe that 'H. erectus' was the first human species to control fire
  - East Africa's Great Rift Valley is the site of the origin of humankind
  - traditional medicine can remedy Africa's aids crisis
* can create a database on local knowledge about fish
  - work as television and radio journalists and editors
* classify cultural artifacts such as spear points and musical instruments.
* commonly see the body as a statement of identity.
* conduct interviews and study case histories to determine where to look for remains.
* consider magical thinking a precursor to scientific thinking.
* explain it by examining cultural myths, procreative instincts and mating behavior.
* feel that nothing that is human is foreign to anthropological inquiry.
* find ritualistic behavior.
* frequently use diagrams to illustrate kinship relationships.
* gather information about cultures and try to explain what has been observed.
* invest great intellectual sums to invest early man with animal traits.
* know it all - from the anatomy of the earliest primates, to that of living primates.
* look at how humans develop physically and socially
  - people across a broad spectrum of space and time
* make a distinction between people who are doing, and people who are being
  - frequent use of the primate collection in their studies of human evolution
* mostly do research.
* never forget that humans are biological as well as cultural beings.
* observe people in their own surroundings for an extended period of time.
* often define humans as a peace loving being for nature
  - distinguish between two forms of magic, the sympathetic and the contiguous
  - focus on the context
  - regard anthropomorphism as an element in primitive human societies
  - specialize in particular culture areas as well
  - work as advocates of cultural and ethnic rights both at home and abroad
* recognize burial as a very human, religious act.
* regard modern Chinese people as secondary descendants of Mongoloids.
* report that lesbians and gay men have been part of every culture.
* say evangelism threatens local customs and cultures
  - that holidays reflect a culture's values
* see social rituals as one of many cultural universals.
* seek to inform their professional colleagues while journalists inform the public
  - understand what is common to all cultures, and what is truly unique
* share a common perspective that is diachronic , holistic , and comparative.
* study all aspects of the lives and history of humans
  - different cultures, compare obscure languages, and dig up old bones
  - every facet of human social life, past and present
  - how culture interacts with family structures and processes
  - human beings
  - humans, and paleontologists study ancient life forms
  - peoples and cultures, both past and present
* study the diversity of humankind as manifest through time and across the globe
  - full range of human experience in both the past and present
  - history documented in primitive aboriginal carvings on cave walls
  - origin and behavior of humans
  - traces of human behavior to learn what people where doing and why
  - various groups of people to determine their similarities and differences
* suggest that hearing was more important than seeing to early humans.
* suspect that early hominids lived in fission-fusion societies.
* take a global and comparative perspective on cultural diversity.
* tend to be generalists, and the concept of holism is central.
* think that fieldwork is at the very core of their research.
* trace the home of the Malay race to the northwestern part of Yunnan, in China.
* try to determine how people who share a culture view their world
  - see other cultures from the point of view of a person from that culture
  - understand how and why cultures change
* understand complexity and can help devise answers that reflect that complexity.
* usually gather information about culture by talking to the people who experience it.
+ Control of fire by early humans: Fire :: Human skills
  * A reconstruction of 'Homo erectus'. Anthropologists believe that 'H. erectus' was the first human species to control fire.
+ Ethnocentrism, Ethnocentrism and anthropology: Cultural geography :: Sociology
  * All people tend to use the values of the culture we were born in. One of the main goals of anthropology is to not use ethnocentric ideas. Anthropologists try to see other cultures from the point of view of a person from that culture. This is also known as 'cultural relativism'. Cultural relativism says that all human action is relative to the culture where the action happens. Anthropologists know that they have to not use the standards of their own culture if they want to understand another society correctly.
+ Pre-history: Periods and ages in history
  * Some important sciences that are used to find out more about pre-history are palaeontology, astronomy, biology, geology, anthropology, and archaeology. Archaeologists study things left over from prehistory to try to understand what was happening. Anthropologists study the traces of human behavior to learn what people where doing and why.