Unemployment
* Considers the physical and emotional impacts of unemployment.
* Identify the four types of unemployment.
* affects people differently
  - some groups more than others
* also leads to anti-social behaviour caused by despair
  - tends to be higher among poor household heads
* always increases at the beginning of summer.
* amounts to one half of the labor force.
* appears to fall even as trade deficits increase.
* becomes problems.
* breeds racial and gender intolerance.
* can have a devastating impact on individuals and their families
  - mean sudden lifestyle changes for the entire family
  - often lead to a loss of self-esteem
* causes severe economic problems.
* continues at the lowest rate in decades.
* continues to be concentrated in the young and unskilled population
  - rise in most of Europe
* correlates strongly with a higher mortality rate due to heart disease and suicide.
* creates frustration which is expressed in negative actions.
* creates poverty and desperation
  - social exclusion
* definite problem in Europe.
* depersonalizes people.
* exacerbates problems.
* exists only when money wages are arbitrarily raised or held above the market price.
* falls due to the high level of production.
* flow as well as a stock.
* has a devastating effect on communities, bringing poverty and despair
  - pervasive and pernicious impact on health
  - strongly depressing effect on happiness
  - costs in addition to the obvious losses of income and security
* hits women and young people hardest.
* imposes a cost on the economy as a whole since fewer goods and services are produced
  - costs on individuals and nations
* increases the competition for jobs, while decreasing wages.
* is also higher than average in the years surrounding devaluations
  - relatively low in the United States and the United Kingdom
* is an economic problem, a problem of government and corporate policies
  - unbalance between the supply and the demand of working hours
  - another major cause of poverty in Africa
* is at a generation low and continuously declining
  - depression levels
* is at historically high levels
  - low levels
  - some of the lowest measured rates in three decades
* is at the lowest rates in over thirty years
  - root of most of the destructive forces in our societies
  - built into the capitalist system
  - common in Roma communities
  - concentrated in groups of young people with particular experiences
* is considered low or high relative to the so-called natural rate of unemployment
  - to be a 'lagging' indicator of the business cycle
  - destructive of a person's identity and sense of self-worth
  - endemic to capitalism
  - endemic, and there are rising numbers of desperate people
  - equally on the rise particularly in the developing countries
  - felt most acutely by the young who comprise almost half the population
  - followed by social problems such as alcoholism, malnutrition, crimes and illness
  - half the national average
* is high because most people are either rural workers or work for the county council
  - of discrimination
  - for reasons other than inflexible labour markets
  - high, and people struggle to make a living
  - historically low and American companies are world leaders in the new technologies
  - in double digits in many urban areas
  - largely an urban problem
* is less important for a mature age person than for a young person
  - than half the levels of the Great Depression
  - like a contagion also because it spreads
* is low and people are still spending money
  - with most of the workforce engaged in white collar employment
  - low, and people have a choice in jobs
  - measured as the percentage of the total labour force out of work
  - much higher among women than among men
  - never a price worth paying
* is now a hot issue in many advanced economies
  - at record levels, as are the levels of poverty and inequality
* is one of the main reasons for immigration
  - reasons leading to drug use
  - serious problems in quite a number of countries in Southeast Asia
  - permanently high, as in the Great Depression
  - rampant among all nationality groups
* is rife and parents are unable to nourish their children
  - at at least a quarter of the workforce
  - in almost all countries
  - riskier to life and limb than steeplejacking or mountain-climbing
  - significantly higher for women than for men
  - situations
  - still a factor with the youth of today
* is the biggest waste of money there has ever been
  - curse of many regional communities
  - dark spot in the economic picture
  - difference between labor force and employment by place of residence
* is the highest in Europe
  - Georgia
* is the lowest in a generation
  - it has been in a generation
  - major cause of widespread poverty in South Africa
  - useful for lowering wage rates
* is widespread among the wives and most live through their families
  - and even the middle class is reduced to poverty
* major problem among parolees and contributes to their likelihood to recidivate.
* major problem in Botswana
  - our society today
* means little money comes into an area resulting in poor maintenance of housing.
* national crisis.
* phenomenon of a changing economy.
* problem fundamental to the workings of the system.
* provides a measure of people at risk of being in financial or social distress.
* remains a major social and economic problem
  - problem in virtually all transition economies
  - high in many parts of California
* represents a loss of revenue for society.
* result of self-serving manipulations of the money system.
* rises around the world, and the outlook remains dim.
* still climbs when immigration declines
  - impacts the young
* stressful time for the entire family.
* strikes all kinds of people from all parts of society.
* symptom of a sick economy and, indeed, a sick society.
* tax paid entirely by the employer rather than withheld from the employees wages.
* temporary condition.
* tends to rise during a recession
  - rise, which eases wage inflation, although at a human cost
  - run at about twice the national average
* therefore seems to have an independent causal effect on male mortality.
* tremendous blow in the lives of people.
* usually lags a downturn in the economy.
  * The 'unemployment rate' is the number of unemployed people divided by the total population of that age group of a country. The unemployment rate is influenced by many things, including the government of a country to the average age of a country's population. Unemployment bad thing for society.
* varies negatively with output.
* world-wide condition.
+ South Africa, Economy: English-speaking countries
  * Unemployment is very high. Income inequality is about the same as Brazil. Informal jobs went up. Overall unemployment got worse. The average South African household income went down a lot between 1995 and 2000. As for racial inequality, Statistics South Africa said that in 1995 the average white household earned four times as much as the average black household.