### written language:

Document
* Some documents are indices to other documents.
* Usually refers to government documents or publications.
* are also related to non-document objects such as authors, publishers, and archives
  - communication
  - files created in word processors
* are in printed format, in microform, or in electronic format via the Internet
  - the official language of the country of origin
* are information objects
  - organized and presented for human understanding
  - located in suitcases
  - objects that are viewable and navigable with a viewer
  - paper
  - representations
  - sets of related information
* are the DNA of knowledge
  - building blocks of complex organizations
  - currency of business
  - files in which users store the content they create in an application
  - means by which information is communicated, captured, managed and controlled
  - pages users see when they visit a Web site
  - raw material of the legal system
  - used for storing information
  - where information meets with people and their work
* come in many forms.
* contain examples
  - financial information
  - instruction
  - look statements
  - necessary instruction
* describe actions
  - treatments
* give instruction
  - overviews
* have definition
  - different types of relationships among themselves
  - extensive information
* imaging saves money by saving time.
* include information
  - references
  - such information
* is an object
  - the programmatic, language-neutral interface that represents a document
* objects store data in memory or on disk.
* play a significant role in business.
* present information
* provide assessments
  - basic overviews
  - descriptions
  - detail information
  - details
  - further guidance
  - historical perspective
* provide more detail information
* tend to evolve as the technology advances.
* tree of elements.
* written in XML have a rich, hierarchical structure, the document tree

### written language | document:

Ballot
* affect voting behavior.
* are companies
* is papers
* mode of decision still more censurable than sortition.
+ Instant Runoff Voting: Voting systems
  * Voters rank the candidates from favorite to least favorite, with only their top choices being counted each time. Ballots are counted, and a series of simulated rounds is conducted. If no candidate has a majority of the votes in any round, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated, and those voter's next choice votes are then counted. This is repeated until a candidate has a majority.

Cash equivalent
* are items that can be converted to cash in a very short time.
* represent short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.

### written language | document | cash equivalent:

Commercial paper
* cash equivalent
* corporate equivalent of government treasury bills.
* is an unsecured promissory note and is usually issued on a discount basis.
* is debt security
  - that typically matures in less than a year
  - short-term debt that is issued by corporations
  - unsecured loans
* short-term promissory note issued by large corporations.

Certificate
* are digital documents that authenticate individuals or organizations
  - official documents
  - one of the most secure methods of protecting transactions over the Internet
  - similar to many other forms of personal identification
  - the equivalent of passports to travel the information highway
* contain important information
  - statements
* provide knowledge.
* refer to sites that offer secure transactions online.

### written language | document | certificate:

Birth certificate
* are certificates.
* are legal certificates and are available to two formats
* have a number of important functions.
* legal document describing details of a person's birth.
+ Birth, Legal meanings: Biological reproduction