### social organization | business | firm | corporation:

Large corporation
* All large corporations pay wages to their employees, and most pay dividends to stockholders.
* Many large corporations are larger than many countries, with incomes larger than many counties GDPs
  - connect their corporate email systems to the Internet
* Many large corporations have Intranets for their employees
  - divisions that develop different biometric systems
  - huge intranets
  - investors all over the world
  - own private networks that span the globe
* Most large corporations are self-insured
  - distribute only a portion of their after-tax earnings to shareholders
  - employ their own legal staffs
  - have commercial policies that cover employees while they're traveling
  - use an automated time-keeping system to facilitate payroll processing
* Some large corporations are major violators of human rights
  - hire anthroplogists to study their corporate structure
* are a culture of cruelty and exploitation
  - often major violators of human rights
  - people who happen to work for large corporations
  - usually the ones who deliver the weakest customer service
* have complex and diverse impacts on society
  - entire departments dedicated to competitive analysis
  - in-house accountants, attorneys, and security experts
  - many operational units that deliver products or services
  - thousands of personnel computers installed on the desks of their employees
* invest considerable resources at all stages in the knowledge chain.
* rule the earth and act with impunity toward the individual consumer.
* spend millions annually on professionally designed and constructed websites.
* spend millions of dollars each year manually installing software
  - to maintain their good names
  - on marketing every year
  - probably as much on public relations as on marketing
* support restrictions.
+ Montreal, Economy
  * Montreal's economy is the second largest in Canada. Many large corporations have their main offices in Montreal. The city is home to four major Universities, welcoming students from all parts of Canada and from all over the world.

Major corporation
* Many major corporations conduct business around the world.
* Most major corporations have their own marketing departments.
* have lines of credit with banks.
* spend fortunes on market research to get consumers' opinions about new products
  - millions of dollars creating brand name awareness

Multinational corporation
* are companies that operate in more than one country
  - firms engaged in productive activities in several countries
  - in partnership with city regions
  - often wealthier than the countries in which they operate
* can purchase or start enterprises easily.
* employ citizens from many different countries.
* have thousands of employees and far-flung global offices and operations.

Private corporation
* Some private corporations maintain pools.
* are insurance companies.
* employ foresters to manage woodlands for pulp and timber operations.
* have a smaller number of private individuals who have shares in the company.
* need experts.

S corporation
* are closely-held firms that are exempt from corporate income tax.
* have other benefits for entrepreneurs, especially in how they are taxed.

Transnational corporation
* are already more powerful than many nation states
  - responsible for all the laws in the jurisdications they do biz in
* exist above and beyond civil society.
* have the power to do good and bad, at home and abroad.
* hold ninety percent of all technology and product patents worldwide.
* prefer to deal directly with central governments.

Dominant firm
* Most dominant firms participate in markets.
* pursue innovation strategies
* take advantage.

Entrepreneurial firm
* are the back bone of our nation's economy.
* operate in markets of low complexity, but high equivocality.