### cell:

Gamete
* All gametes carry that allele
  - produced by females contain an X chromosome
* Most gametes simply enlarge to form the female gamete or macrogamete.
* also exit through nephridiopores in many annelids and through the mouth in a few species.
* are a delicacy in many cultures
  - always haploid, whereas zygotes are diploid
  - an organism's reproductive cells
  - created out of germ cells
  - delicate single cells
  - diploid, a zygote is haploid
  - equal in fertility
  - eukaryotic cells
* are formed by a kind of cell division called meiosis
  - type of cell division called meiosis
* are formed in Chlamydomonas in exactly the same way as daughter individuals
  - reprodutive structures at the tips of gametophytes
* are formed in the f gonads, which themselves arise from endoderm in the embryo
  - same way as the zoospores, but are smaller and more numerous
  - that fuse to form zygote
* are haploid cells used in sexual reproduction
  - cells, and each cell carries only one copy of each chromosome
  - egg or sperm that fuse to form a zygote
  - to preserve the diploid number
  - involved in sexual reproduction
  - just like vegetative cells
* are made by a process called Meiosis
  - during a process of cell division called meiosis
  - normally haploid
* are produced by 'germ cells'
  - a process called meiosis
* are produced in gametophytes through mitosis
  - structures called gametangia
* are produced in the cortex
* are produced in the male testes and female ovaries by a process called meiosis
  - and female ovaries by a splitting process called meiosis
  - via meiosis
* are released from the medusae into the water
  - into the ocean via the gonopores, located on the comb-rows
  - reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg
* are sex cells, and haploid cells are cells containing half of a full set of chromosomes
  - single haploid cells
  - spawned from early spring through to summer with increased spawning activity in spring
  - specialised cells that combine to produce progeny
  - specialized sex cells formed in gonads by gametogenesis
* are the egg and sperm cells used to form a new individual during sexual reproduction
  - only haploid cells
  - sex cells, sperm and egg
  - sperm and egg of the seaweed
  - usually haploid, but diploid, triploid, etc, gametes are possible
* arise by proliferation of germinal cells that line the follicle wall.
* being haploid are made by mitosis in haploid thallus.
* can differ greatly in genetic make-up and compatibility.
* carry genes from parents and fertilization happens.
* contain a random assortment of maternal and paternal alleles
  - and paternal chromosomes
* contain half as many chromosomes as the parent cell
  - the number of chromosomes found in body cells
* eventually join to form sporophyte.
* fuse randomly and new organisms contain one factor from each parent.
* fuse to form a diploid zygote, which develops into a new sporophyte
  - zygote that develops via mitosis into a diploid adult
  - zygote, which is the only diploid phase
  - produce the diploid generation, which grows into the adults
* haploid, one of each allele.
* have a single set of chromosomes.
* have half the number of chromosomes as the other cells in the body
  - found in other cells from the same organism
  - only one member of each homologous pair
* includes cell membranes
  - corpi
  - cytoskeletons
  - lobes
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - vacuoles
* join together to form a complete juvenile plant.
* normally meet in the fallopian tube.
* only have one set of chromosomes.
* pass to mantle cavity.
* result from meiosis.
* undergo no cell division themselves, but they fuse to form a diploid zygote.
* unite at random and irrespective of the other gene pairs involved
  - in the gamete pool to produce diploid offspring
  - during sexual reproduction to produce a zygote
* vary in shapes and sizes in different animals.
+ Phoronida, Reproduction: Minor phyla
  * Phoronids may be hermaphrodites or single sexed, and may also reproduce asexually. Gametes are released through the nephridia. Fertilisation is probably internal. Phoronids follow one of two types of reproductive strategy. These eggs are brooded within the adults tube, they are released only when they have hatched. These eggs are released as soon as they are fertilised. They hatch a few days later into what is called an 'actinotrocha' larvae.