### plant part | stem:

Rhizome
* Many rhizomes display an extraordinary capacity for regulating the depth at which they grow.
* Most rhizomes contain acid
  - develop just below the soil surface
  - grow from roots
* Most rhizomes have layers
  - outer layers
* Most rhizomes produce flowers
  - growth
  - shoots
  - take up water
* Some rhizomes are submerged in water.
* Some rhizomes contain latex
  - red latex
  - starches
  - form tubers
  - grow in water
* Some rhizomes grow into banana plants
  - under water where they can be safe from the fire
* Some rhizomes have buds
  - holes
  - leaf fans
  - small holes
  - soft texture
  - stolons
  - sweet flavor
  - young buds
* Some rhizomes produce plants
  - productive plants
  - serve purposes
* actively grow in the summer, producing aerial shoots in the fall.
* allow for spread and the production of additional plants with the same genetic makeup
  - plants to survive the periodic fires, which prevent trees from taking over
  - the plant to form sizeable colonies
* also contain stored nutrients to support initial growth.
* are an underground network that spread out from the host plant just below the soil surface
  - another distinguishing characteristic common among many ferns
  - available from an increasing number of sources
  - basically underground extensions of the stem
  - below ground creeping stems, and stolons are above ground creeping stems
* are elongate and extensively creeping in habit
  - produce extensive lateral growth
  - endless, as are desire and the imagination
* are horizontal below-ground stems
  - modification of the stems
  - plant stems that are often meaty and swollen, and usually grow underground
* are horizontal roots than grow at, or just below the surface of the soil
  - that grow underground
* are horizontal stems that are similar to stolons except that they grow underground
  - tunnels beneath the surface of the soil
  - underground stems that can produce new from their nodes
  - life, rhizomes are art
  - long stems that grow horizontally out under the dirt
  - modified root stems of varying sizes
  - poisonous
  - protected from fire by the depth of overlying soil and by their extensiveness
  - really thickened stems that run horizontally
  - root-like stems that grow horizontally under the ground
* are scaly and often form an almost impenetrable mat
  - yellowish
* are stems that grow horizontally underground
  - which grow horizontally under the ground
* are the horizontal stems, or creeping rootstalks
  - most common stem form
  - stem-like part of the plant and lie against the host
  - tubes and tunnels left by a living plant as it searches for water in the sediment
* are thick and scaly
  - thick, fleshy, horizontal underground stems
* are underground stems capable of producing new plants
  - that grow outward from the base of the plant
  - with buds located at the tips of the branches
  - underground, creeping stems that are capable of forming new plants
  - usually white
  - whitish, branched, scaly and sharp at the tips
* bind underwater soils, inhibiting erosion.
* break easily and are often left in the ground.
* can also form above the soil level
  - grow again along another line if broken at some point
  - penetrate root vegetables and become wiry and fibrous over time
  - stand prolong dry periods
* connect plants in a living network
  - into living networks
  - water and nutrients allowing ferns to recover quickly after heavy grazing or fire
* develop at depths far below the zone of rhizome development for most species
  - new shoots after fire
* differ from other storage structures by growing horizontally under the surface of the soil.
* enable plants.
* form along the roots and are renewed each growing season
  - secondary fibrous root structure
* generally creep or spread, unlike tubers.
* grow along or just below bottom sediments
  - and develop buds along their length
  - below ground for a short distance, then rise to the soil surface to form new shoots
* grow from other rhizomes and send shoots up to the surface, and roots down into the ground
  - in a linear pattern and bear new shoots at regular intervals
  - leaves and flowers from the top and, rather expectedly, roots from the bottom
  - throughout the summer developing from buds on old rhizomes
  - to the soil surface and produce new shoots
  - well in peat but can also penetrate to mineral soil
* have a dry, mealy rot
  - enough energy to push through the pre-emergent
* infected by soft rot are slimy, soft and foul-smelling.
* occur and fibrous roots are also produced at the base at each node of the trailing stem.
  - tubers and basal bulbs that bear aerial shoots
* radiate from the base of a culm in the top two feet of soil.
* represent important carbohydrate sinks for Kentucky bluegrass.
* reproduce by spreading horizontally underground, or on the ground surface.
* seem to crawl down the side of pots or baskets.
* send up numerous aboveground shoots of two different types at various times of the year.
* spread aggressively , producing many new plants
  - horizontally in all directions during the growing season
  - rapidly, so give it plenty of room to grow
* tolerate considerable desiccation.