### stress:

Mental stress
* can also cause neck pain - sometimes severe
  - even restrict blood flow to the heart
  - make blood sugar either rise or fall
  - manifest health problems
* causes muscles to stay tight, or spasmed, causing the same damage.
* harms the heart.
* induces transient endothelial dysfunction in humans.
* is due to disorganised behavior inside the psyche
  - known to increase blood pressure
* is the commonest situation that raises blood sugar level
  - main cause of insomnia
* reduces coronary artery diameter.
* results from making vital decisions with little time and insufficient information.
* show up in the body.

Moisture stress
* can result in lower yields and irregular shaped tubers.
* causes the formation of small, woody, and poorly flavored roots.
* is the main cause of stringy, tough stalks.

Negative stress
* can include losing a loved one or losing a job.
* is contagious
  - distress
* risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease.

Osmotic stress
* causes mechanical freeze-thaw damage to thylakoids in vitro and in vivo.
* induces expression of choline monooxygenase in sugar beet and other crops.
* is experienced by cells throughout the freeze zone.

### stress:

Oxidative stress
* can also cause damage to lipids and proteins
  - lead to inflammatory states
  - cause damage to tissue and organs
  - itself cause hypertension
  - kill a cell through DNA, cell membrane, or mitochondrial damage
* causes coral bleaching during exposure to elevated temperatures.
* common factor in AD and stroke, as well as in a variety of other illnesses.
* contributes to cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory conditions
  - vascular endothelial dysfunction in heart failure
* induces delayed degeneration of oligodendrocytes
  - differential gene expression in a human lens epithelial cell line
* is an unavoidable part of life
  - believed to be responsible for age-related cataract
  - implemented in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders
  - important in the genesis of atherosclerotic lesions
  - one of several biological processes implicated in aging
  - present in the diabetic state
  - regulated by a combination of hereditary, environment and lifestyle factors
* leads to constriction of the blood vessels and higher blood pressure
  - programmed cell death, partly by damaging the cellular respiratory chain
* major form of endogenous and exogenous damage to cells.
* plays a central role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pulmonary diseases.
* real phenomenon.
* seems to be one of the most deleterious causes of damages due to water depletion.
* tends to escalate over time.

Physical stress
* can occur during heavy lifting, sports and computer work, for example.
* causes the body to adapt and get stronger.
* includes being exposed to pollutants, toxins, bacteria, viruses or injuries.
* increases with exposure time in heat wave weather.
* respond more readily to treatment when the child is very young.
* tends to increase bone mass, whereas immobilization furthers bone loss.

Pitch accent
* are also indicative for listeners to perceive important information.
* fact about utterances or pieces of utterances called intonation phrases.
* is stress

Positive stress
* affects people in different way as compared to negative stress.
* is called eustress.

Prenatal stress
* alters the dorsolateral nucleus of the spinal cord
  - size of the rostral anterior commissure in the rats
* attenuates ulceration in the activity stress paradigm
  - activity-stress paradigm

Prolonged stress
* can also affect our emotional well-being
  - disrupt the digestive system, irritating the large intestines
  - even cause death
* can lead to cardiovascular problems
  - frustration, anger, hopelessness, and, at times, depression
* common cause of diarrhea in a hamster.
* deadly disease in mammals - dolphins as well as humans.