### substance | wood | hardwood:

Northern hardwood
* are dominant on both sandy loam and silt loam soils.
* compete with southern deciduous trees like maple and beech.
* cover the mountainous terrain with oak-hickory and black cherry.

Small hardwood
* are top-killed, which increases the amount of sunlight that reaches the ground.
* reduce growth of pine overstory.

Hazel
* are small nuts.
* is wood

Heartwood
* are generally more resistant than sapwoods.
* begins to develop after twenty year's growth.
* ranges from a deep, rich dark brown to a purplish black
  - light brown to oatmeal color and is sometimes grayish

### substance | wood:

Hickory
* Hickories are best for gray squirrels and fox squirrels
  - common in the broadleaf forests of the eastern and central parts of the United States
  - economically important tree
  - important food sources for wildlife
  - nut trees
  - plants
  - tolerant of construction and human activity
  - valuable for their tough, hard wood
* Hickories have bold, yellow leaves that hold for a long time
  - quality
  - straight trunks and spreading branches
  - produce edible nuts
* dense wood with a wide open figure.
* imported from America is used to make golf shafts.
* is denser, heavier and more rigid than maple
  - the most popular wood used for making drumsticks
  - two counties north of Springfield
  - used for tables, furniture, and a variety of other uses
  - what axe handles are usually made of
* regional banking center with over one billion dollars in deposits.
* traditional favorite for turkey.
* very strong, close-grained wood that is known to have wide variations in colors.
* works well with most meats, and mesquite works well for pork or beef.

Hickory wood
* is also a preferred type for smoking cured meats
  - heavy, hard, and strong
* is very hard, stiff, dense and shock resistant
  - heavy and dense

### substance | wood:

Larch
* are conifers
  - one example of a coniferous tree found in some of the coldest regions
  - perhaps deciduous so they can be other than spire-shaped and still shed winter snow
  - the only deciduous conifers
  - unique in that although they are conifers, they shed all their needles in the autumn
* differ from most other conifers because they are deciduous.
* dominant the taiga biome, usually in Canada and Russia.
* grown in woodlands have much shorter crowns.
* is wood
* lose their leaves in the fall.

Larch wood
* is very valuable because it is resistant and it grows quickly.
+ Larch, Uses: Conifers
  * Larch wood is very valuable because it is resistant and it grows quickly. It is used for boats as well as houses.

Linden
* is used for hypertension with associated nervous tension.
* peaceful farming community, of which there are dozens in the region of Emmental.
* recognizes the role of population growth in causing instability.

Live wood
* has a white center and green inner bark.
* is green and has plump, healthy buds.

### substance | wood:

Log
* All logs are natural wood.
* Most logs are limby and bark inclusions extend deep into the wood
  - have thickness
* act as thermal mass, storing heat during the day and gradually releasing it at night.
* also store energy and fix nitrogen.
* are a durable building material and proven as energy efficient
  - natural reservoir for heat energy
  - hardwood oak, birch, gum, cypress, and hard pine
  - susceptible to attack by longhorn beetle
  - the records of every computer that connects to a Web site
  - usually well shaped, straight, and cylindrical
* can be in color or black and white.
* crack, most often in long spirals.
* hang up on fewer things, and pull easier if they are partially lifted from the ground.
* provide shelter and feeding holes for fish, and rocks make good spawning areas
* usually produce mushrooms in both the spring and fall.

### substance | wood | log:

Hollow log
* give raccoons and opossums places to den.
* provide shelter.