Statistic
* Describe the statistical design of the experiment.
* Every statistic way of summarizing complex information into relatively simple numbers.
* Explain the purpose of statistics in the area of assessment.
* Focuses on indicators of the condition and progress of education in the United States.
* Includes statistical information from the colonial period through the present.
* Learn the fundamentals of modern statistical methods.
* Many statistics are close representations of the state of the world they attempt to measure
  - point to the economy's overall health
  - show sharp increases in teenage smoking in recent years
* Provides a database of statistics and indicators in education
  - crime statistics in charts, brief tables, and full text reports
* Provides statistics and information on education in the U.S. and elsewhere
  - on nonprofit organizations
* Systematically collect, organize, and describe data.
* align themselves to natural tendencies.
* also is the numerical value that results when the function is applied to the sample.
* also show that skin cancer is first appearing in younger people
  - very few children die, largely due to the vigilence of their parents
  - women earn less than men
  - the effect of separation on families
  - shows an increased mortality rate of cancer with age
* always vary over time, and capability indexes are statistics.
* are a male oriented way of trying to understand human nature.
* are a tool for extracting information from data
  - to determine quantitative numbers and to analyze trends
* are an essential first step to controlling workplace safety and health
  - integral part of baseball
  - datums
  - especially important when trying to interpret the results of an experiment
  - estimates and information is presented as opinion
  - figures, which show relationships among phenomena
  - important for understanding social science data
  - mathematical methods of interrogating data
  - most meaningful in baseball, be they player, team or generic
* are numbers looking for an arguement
  - that characterize a sample
  - to describe ideas
  - numbers, which represent some aspect of the entity or process being monitored
  - numerical facts, generated from the collection and analysis of data
  - numerically formulated facts used to describe observations of size or frequency
* are one of the basic tools that psychologists use to conduct research
  - standard types of evidence used by people in our society
  - part of our everyday life
* are something people manipulate
  - the students are used to seeing and analyzing as part of their course work
  - still statistics, whether based on comprehensive census or sampling
* are the DNA of baseball
  - business of computers, human milestones are the business of newspapers
  - food of love
  - tools, used for particular purposes
  - used to estimate bird diversity and population density
  - vital for researchers in the agricultural sciences
* basic tool used by sociologists.
* biased form of number forecasting.
* branch of mathematics that scientists use to analyze data from their experiments.
* can be difficult, because it is hard to know how to count things.
* can help a lot in interpreting information about humans
  - decide the authorship of literary works
  - make decisions throughout the political arena
  - injure human beings once that data are invested with political power
  - lie in a number of ways
* come in many forms and interpretations.
* concerns patterns of chance.
* contains some elementary statistical analysis functions.
* creeps into all walks of lives.
* cumulative discipline.
* deal with state totals, metropolitan areas, counties, and places.
* deals with distribution of numbers in a given set of numbers
  - methods for the collection, visualization, modeling, and analysis of data
* deals with the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data
  - presentation of numerical data
* demonstrate that healthy pregnancies produce healthier, more thriving babies.
* denotes a body of methods for reaching conclusions from data.
* depersonalize events, turning people into portions of percents.
* describe a disease epidemic growing quickly out of control.
* difficult subject to learn on one's own.
* discipline which builds progressively
  - demands to be taught in an applied context
* don t work with infinity.
* elevate social trends from the anecdotal to the general.
* exists to be applied to data.
* field that studies data
  - which poses many interesting mathematical problems
* great field for men and women.
* has a broad base of real world applications
  - mathematical foundation
  - many other uses and can be used in all different areas of life
  - two basic levels of activity - descriptive and inferential
* helps the human mind to comprehend the scattered data as an organized whole.
* highly useful tool in helping scientists keep a handle on variability.
* includes both applied and mathematical statistics.
* indicate approximately one in three women are raped in adulthood.
* indicate that one in three women and one in six men have experienced sexual abuse
  - the number of suicides rise during the winter months
  - toddlers who are read to on average grow up to have greater self-worth
  - women are three times more likely to suffer from migraine than are men
* involves the analysis of genuine data
  - collection and interpretation of data for use in decision-making
* is about learning from data
  - numbers that represent certain ideas
  - understanding the world through data
  - accepted as college level mathematics at some schools
* is also an important tool in operations research
  - important in many aspects of society such as business, industry and government
  - the art of making numerical conjectures about puzzling questions
  - also, by definition, an information science
* is an applied science
  - area that calls for strong mathematical skills and an interest in problem solving
* is an important part of modern geographic research
  - tool in the pharmaceutical development process
  - yet often unconscious part of our lives
  - increasingly important field of study
  - integral part of today's information-rich industrial environment
  - another area of mathematics that related, but yet distinct, from probability
  - applied in many fields
  - at the heart of decision making in industry, and scientific and medical research
  - basic to quantitative research in the biological, physical, and social sciences
  - basically the science of uncertainty
* is concerned with data analysis
  - designing investigations to minimize the effects of uncertainty
* is concerned with drawing conclusions and making decisions from empirical data
  - sound inferences from a limited amount of data
  - observations, or experiments
  - the theory of how to collect and analyse data
  - considerably different from mathematics
  - considered as science of data
  - cumulative in nature
  - fundamental to contemporary biomedical research
  - mostly the manipulation of numbers
* is one of the glues that binds together the functional areas of business
  - most important tools in psychology, and in most other sciences as well
  - resources of historical research
  - something people are really afraid of
* is the art of condensing information while minimizing the loss of important aspects
  - collection and analysis of numerical data
  - collection, analysis, and presentation of numerical data
* is the discipline at the heart of the scientific method of discovery
  - that evaluates the reliability of data
* is the language of science
  - used to express the uncertainty in research and in decision making
  - main source of tools for analyzing data and making scientific decisions
  - making sense of data
* is the mathematical science of making precise statements about uncertain possibilities
  - tool used to describe research observations and to make inferences
  - mathematics of the collection, organization, and interpretation of numerical data
  - most widely used quantitative method in business
* is the science and art of prediction and explanation
  - understanding and analyzing data
  - of collecting and analyzing data
* is the science of collecting, organizing, and interpreting data
  - and interpreting numerical facts called data
  - collection, organization, analysis, and explanation of data
  - data collection and analysis
  - gaining information from numerical data
* is the science of making sense of complicated data
  - wise decisions in the face of uncertainty
  - reasoning from uncertain empirical data
* is the science of the future
  - study of randomness
  - ofcollection, organization and analysis of quantitative data
* is the study of patterns in numbers
  - the collection, organization, and interpretation of data
  - subject that allows the researcher to extract the signal within the noise
  - systematic collection and display of numerical data
  - task of describing and analyzing a set of numeric data
  - therefore a specific method of history
  - thought of as problem solving in a broad sense
  - used everyday by people everywhere
* is used in business to determine if financial reports are accurate
  - government to assess the potential impact of new laws
  - quality control and preventive maintenance
  - various areas of business, industry, science, and government
  - intensively in industrial research and underlies modern quality control methods
* is used to determine if new medical procedures and new drugs are both safe and effective
  - quantify the extent of variation in customers' needs and wants
* mathematical tool used to analyze data.
* measure phenomena.
* measures the quality of information.
* only count in research studies.
* play a central role in discussions on the social policy agenda
  - role in all our lives
* play an important part in the life of a nation
  - role in the determination of experimental success
* plays an important role in contemporary society
  - productivity improvements
* prove that deaf people live longer than hearing people
  - men are commonly paid higher wages than women for performing the same duties
  - people produce more in an open and communicative environment
* provide a way of dealing with numbers
  - quantitative information about people, processes, events, and ideas
  - the tools for decision-making in every field of society
* provides a logical framework for the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data
  - guidelines about how to use data to make decisions
  - survey data and statistics about education
  - the theory and methodology for the analysis of wide varieties of data
* quantitative subject.
* really cool branch of mathematics.
* refer to the percentage of individuals affected
  - quantity of work done or the value of it in money
* report that women are twice as likely as men to experience depression are.
* rise with leveling, and skills rise with practice.
* say most people die within three to five years after diagnosis
  - that each week one plant species disappears from Earth
* science of information gathering, data analysis and decision making
  - probability, a science that studies chance
  - used by health care researchers, sociologists, marketers and planners
* set of procedures for organizing, displaying, and interpreting data.
* show a strong link between alcoholism and smoking
  - abductions of infants by someone other than family members are rare
  - how countries around the world have rather different rates of breast cancer
* show most boating accidents are caused by human error or poor judgment
  - rapes occur during the first month of school
* show people in Cuba are about as healthy as people in the United States
  - with more birthdays tend to live longer
  - rural crime happens in all areas of the country
  - smoking contributes to more accidents on the road, because smokers are distracted
  - that Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most common workplace sicknesses
* show that a fit child usually grows up to be a fit adult
  - significant number of people regularly use the Internet
  - small number of persons are responsible for a large proportion of accidents
  - abductors of children are usually someone the child already knows
  - about one-third of patients with high blood pressure are also overweight
* show that almost all sexual assaults are committed by men towards women or children
  - one-third of all rapes are committed by either a friend or boyfriend
  - animals that have been fixed are likely to live longer, healthier lives
  - at the age of seventy, there are five women to every man
  - bicycles are one of the greatest sources of fatalities for children
  - boys are more likely to be poisoned than girls
  - cancer causes one of four deaths in the United States
* show that cases of food borne illness normally rise during the summer
  - foodborne illness normally rise during the summer
* show that children are having sex earlier and with more people
  - the most likely to suffer injuries from dogs
  - of divorce often marry and divorce themselves
  - children's activities are the single biggest deterrent to juvenile delinquency
  - drinking and grades have a direct correlation on each other
  - educated persons are less likely to commit crimes
  - eighty percent of the population likes animals
  - for every person that is born, fifteen dogs and forty-five cats are also born
  - girls are sexually abused more often than boys are
  - groups that suffer the most belong to the lower socio-economic class
  - half of all remarriages end in divorce
  - in India, infant mortality is ten percent higher for girls than it is for boys
  - increased research, prevention and awareness are key to improving health
  - infants and toddlers are at greatest risk
* show that lesbians have the lowest incidence of sexually transmitted disease
  - many people who have high blood pressure are also overweight
  - married people tend to have fewer and less costly accidents then single people
* show that more children today are overweight than ever before
  - people die every year in road, bus or train accidents than in air
  - than half the victims of child abuse have fractures
  - white women are managers than women of color
* show that most cases of child abuse are perpetrated by family members or adults
  - custodial parents are mothers
  - deadly teenage auto accidents happen while the sun isn t shining
  - violence is inflicted by men upon women
* show that nearly all sexual assaults are committed by men against women or children
  - are committed by men against women or girls
  - nine percent of all cosmetic procedures are performed on men
* show that one in nine college men have been victims of rape or attempted rape
  - out of every four people has a mental illness
  - person in five over the age of seventy five is legally blind
  - people are safer when they're surrounded by others
* show that people who have more birthdays live longer
  - the most birthdays live the longest
* show that people with disabilities face greater challenges in obtaining employment
  - higher education earn more money
  - preventive medicine, including healthy eating and regular exercise, pays off
  - rates of illness and even death increase significantly
  - recreational scuba diving is about as safe as swimming
  - relationships of two years or more have a much higher marital success rate
  - schools have traditionally been the safest place for children to be
  - seat belts reduce serious crash-related injuries and deaths by fifty percent
  - skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in New Zealand
  - strabismus occurs equally in males and females
* show that suicide is the eighth leading cause of death in the country
  - major problem among young people
  - suicides increase during holidays
  - teen-agers are at a higher risk for being involved in a fatal car crash
* show that the United States nation of bird lovers
  - crime of sexual assault occurs mostly with woman
  - incidence of breast cancer begins to go up when women enter their forties
  - largest group of uninsured is the working poor
* show that the majority of marine losses are caused by human error
  - parents trust daycare providers with their children
  - people who have the most live the longest
  - threshold for change is when women account for one-third of parliament
* show that there are more women in the world than anything else - except insects
  - thousands of men, women and children who are afflicted
  - have been dramatic improvements in stomach cancer and childhood leukemia
  - thirty-four people per thousand enter the population by birth
  - two hundred adolescents commit suicide each year in the United States
  - under-educated people are more likely to abuse their kids
  - unemployment reality for almost two-thirds of people with disabilities
  - western countries are ageing
  - within three years of divorce, many people marry a second time
* show that women are about twice as likely as men to become depressed
  - in the most danger when fleeing from an abusive relationship
  - living longer than men
  - have become the dominant holders of degrees
  - outlive their husbands by seven years
  - sustain the majority of physical injuries
* show that women who belong to unions are far less likely to suffer wage discrimination
  - unions are less likely to suffer wage discrimination
  - women, along with children, are the most impoverished sector of society
* show the aboriginal birth rate is four to six times higher than the general population
  - average person catches a cold six times a year
  - workplace homicides are mostly committed by strangers
* show, however, that men are three times more likely to be lefty than women
  - teen childbearing occurs disproportionately among low-income women
  - too, that there high correlation between health and education
* special field in mathematics.
* subject taught in colleges and some high schools.
* summarize the characteristics of any group of people.
* to test hypotheses.
* tool for researchers
  - the evaluation of observations
  - used to organize information and to draw inferences about data
* very logical discipline.
* way of answering questions to some difficult problems
  - summarizing distributions
  - to describe or explain the usual behavior of the members of a population
+ Asperger syndrome, Statistics: Autism :: Pervasive developmental disorders
  * In general, boys have more chances to be affected by the Asperger syndrome then girls. Statistics say that three boys are affected for one girl.
+ Errors and residuals in statistics
  * It is not possible to do an exact measurement, but it is possible to say how accurate a measurement is. This is because one can measure the same thing again and again, and collect all the data together. This allows us to do statistics on the data. Statistics talks about 'statistical errors' and 'residuals'. In both cases what is meant is the difference between the observed or measured value and the real value, which is unknown.
+ Theodore Sturgeon, Short stories: Hugo Award winning writers :: Nebula Award winning writers :: Autobiographers :: 1918 births :: 1985 deaths :: American science fiction writers :: Writers from New York City
  * Statistics herein refer to the original editions only.