### medical science | pathology:

Cardiac arrest
* Most cardiac arrests are due to abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias.
* Some cardiac arrests are due to extreme slowing of the heart.
* are cardiovascular complications
  - common in a hospital
  - heart diseases
  - rare, as is major trauma
* can also occur without any known cause.
* can strike any breed, and occurs in adolescent and adult dogs
  - anybody, anyplace and often without warning
  - people anytime, anywhere
* condition in which the heart suddenly stops pumping.
* happens when the electrical impulses change and the heart beats abnormally fast.
* is one of the leading causes of death in the United States
  - potentially reversible in most cases
  - reversible in most victims if it's treated within a few minutes
  - synonymous with clinical death
* is the most common cause of death
  - number-one cause of death on the golf course
  - single largest cause of death in the United States
  - stopping of the heartbeat and the heart's function
* life or death situation.
* matter of life or death.
* means the heart has stopped beating.
* occurs suddenly and dramatically
  - is closely linked with sudden chest pain
  - twice as frequently in men compared to women
* occurs when the heart stops pumping
* remains a leading cause of death worldwide
  - one of the leading causes of death in the world
* serious, usually fatal condition in which the heart stops pumping.
* stops effective pumping of blood to the heart.

Cardiopulmonary arrest
* are heart diseases
  - respiratory diseases
* is pathology
  - sudden cessation of breathing and of effective heart function
  - usually the result of a cardiac dysrhythmia

Cholelithiasis
* can cause a painless, smooth mass in the right-upper quadrant
  - lead to cholecystitis and to pancreatitis
  - result in early satiation and weight loss
* is managed surgically
* is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
  - within the gallbladder itself
  - unlikely to cause dyspepsia without other clinical findings

Clinical pathology
* involves the evaluation of body fluids by laboratory means.
* uses laboratory techniques to treat disease.

### medical science | pathology:

Diverticulosis
* affects more women than men and becomes more common with increasing age.
* are diseases
* can also cause a lot of painless bleeding from the rectum
  - occur in the lower bowel
  - sometimes result in pain only without fever or other signs of infection
* common condition affecting both men and women
* condition in which small sacs of intestinal lining bulge outward at weak spots
  - tiny pouches form within the wall of the bowel
  - wherein small bulges or sacks are created in the walls of the colon
* condition, rather than a disease.
* disease where pockets form in the large intestine.
* disorder in which pouches form in the colon.
* has a similar presentation, but is more acute in nature.
* is also common.
* is an anatomical condition found frequently in the elderly
  - uncommon and serious problem
  - common in nations where fiber intake is low
  - dangerous only if the diverticula become infected or bleed
  - suspected when symptoms such as rectal bleeding or diverticulitis are present
* is the condition of having diverticula present
* is the condition of having weak areas or outpouchings in the wall of the colon
  - areas or pouches in the wall of the colon
  - presence of weak areas or pouches in the wall of the large intestine
* is thought to be a slow process which can develop insidiously over years
  - caused by a diet that is low in fiber
  - where the large intestine gets sluggish, clogged, and quits pulsing properly
* occurs when small pouches bulge out in the colon at certain weak points or spots.
* often presents with abdominal pain, excessive flatulence, and irregular defecation.
* pouchlike protrusion or bulge of the large intestine.
* usually develops as a result of inadequate dietary fiber.