### animal | vertebrate | mammal | ungulate:

Camel
* All camels lose their fur in spring and grow a new coat
  - moult in spring and have grown a new coat by autumn
* Most camels adapt to desert environments
  - surround environments
  - can have diarrhoea
  - carry water
  - come from deserts
  - conserve water
* Most camels drink litres
  - salty water
* Most camels eat grain
  - grass
  - pasture
  - plants
  - thorny plants
  - woody plants
  - exhibit behaviour
  - give birth to offspring
  - graze on steppes
* Most camels has-part feet
  - muscles
  - stomachs
* Most camels have eyes
  - hump humps
  - legs
  - milk teeth
  - mouths
  - oval shapes
  - skin
  - thick fur
* Most camels inhabit regions
  - territory
* Most camels live for several years
* Most camels live in climates
  - hot climates
  - make milk
  - move legs
  - play in water
* Most camels possess bodies
  - hair
  - prefer deserts
* Most camels reach maturity
  - sexual maturity
* Most camels require cells
  - habitats
  - retain water
* Most camels survive in climates
  - dry climates
  - walk on feet
* Some camels are evolved from ancestors
  - can learn to manage wet conditions
  - carry people
  - come from countries
  - depend on plants
* Some camels eat fruit
  - leaves
  - shrubs
  - thorny twigs
  - vegetables
* Some camels graze in environments
* Some camels have bare spots
  - branches
  - layers
  - temperature regulations
  - twins
* Some camels live in cellars
  - zoos
  - possess eyelashs
  - produce milk
* Some camels thrive in desert environments
  - transmit parasites
  - utilize proteins
* also have special fanglike teeth that the males use in fighting
  - the capability to run and can do so at ten to twenty miles per hour
* also require mineral and salt supplementation to ensure healthy development
  - regular worming to protect the camels against whip worm infestation
  - serve the people of the desert in many other ways
* are a strange looking animal, and sometimes can be a mean animal
  - traditional livestock for Central Asia
* are able to convert thorny desert shrubs and salty plants into highly nutritious food
  - survive long periods without food or water
  - adapted to a desert habitat by their feet, hump, fur and eyelashes
  - amazing creatures with incredible stamina
  - an important source of food in the desert
  - animals well known for their distinctive humps
  - browsing animals, they feed on thorny plants of the desert
  - different from other mammals right down to their unusual red blood cells
  - excellent for patrolling perimeter fences in semi-arid areas
  - gregarious and well adapted to their environment, the desert
  - herbivores
  - incredible animals and they are able to store food and water for a long time
  - known for spitting on people
* are large mammals that live in dry areas
  - large, strong desert animals
  - largely herbivorous, and they can eat thorny brush without being injured
  - less seriously affected than cattle
* are like cows in that they have more than one stomach
  - goats and can browse, eating bushes and the branches of trees
  - located in deserts
* are mammals and like all mammals, they reproduce sexually
  - with long legs, a big-lipped snout and a humped back
  - mostly famous for their humps
* are native to dry deserts in western, central and east Asia
  - the dry desert areas of western Asia and central and east Asia
  - notorious for their ability to work long periods without water
* are one of the few animals which seem to be designed to survive in the desert
  - most popular brands of cigarettes
  - one-humped African camels also called dromedary camels
  - pack animals
  - primarily grazers
  - prone to bloat, which is caused by alfalfa hay
  - ruminants just like cattle
  - said to be good swimmers
  - so mean spirited because they retain water every single day
  - stubborn, and they possess humps which can be difficult to surmount
  - suited to a much milder diet
  - symbols of adaptability
* are the main form of transport
  - transportation of the desert dwellers
  - mode of transport
* are the most important of their animals
  - well known desert animals
  - only animals with a hump
  - ships of the desert
  - traditional means of transport in the desert
  - very epitome of desert adaptation
* are their form of transport
  - main means of transportation, while sheep and goats are bought and sold
  - primary means of transportation, while sheep and goats are bought and sold
  - unique-looking creatures that are easily recognized because of their humps
* are used as draft animals in Pakistan
  - for riding, transport and agricultural work
  - useful beasts of burden in many parts of the world
* are very easy to raise and maintain
  - important to the Ethiopian people
  - strong mammals with wide, padded feet
  - well adapted because they can minimise the stress caused by high temperatures
* are well adapted to desert life
  - surviving in dust storms
* are well known as beasts of burden
* avoid stony deserts, as the gravel harms their feet.
* become carriers.
* can also close their nostrils
  - walk in scorching heat for two weeks without a drop to drink
  - be tall
  - carry people and food
* can close their nostrils to protect the lining in their nasal passage, from blowing sands
  - cope better with the desert heat and have bigger wombs than llamas
  - go a long time without water
* can go for days or even weeks with little or no food or water
  - long distances without food or water
  - many days without drinking
  - more than half a year in the desert without drinking water
  - several days without water
* can go without drinking water longer than any other domestic animal
  - water for a week
  - graze on a wide range of plants and thorny vegetation that other mammals avoid
  - live in dry lands where there is little feed and water available
  - make a lot of noise
  - shut their nostrils to stop sand from entering their noses
* can spit as can any animal in the camelid family
  - very far and often spit when they are angry
  - stand thirst for a very long period
  - store enough food and fluids for days in the humps of fat on their backs
* can survive up to six months without food or water
  - without water for up to a month
  - tolerate a greater water loss than most mammals
  - travel great distances across hot, dry deserts with little food or water
* can withstand extreme heat and cold and are said to be good swimmers
  - twice that level of dehydration
* carry full load
  - heavier loads than horses
  - packages long distances to market and are used as a form of transportation
  - travelers
  - water in the humps on their backs
  - in many colours - even piebald
* cross deserts.
* differ from ruminants in several ways.
* eat a lot of things
  - dates, grass, wheat, and oats
  - just about anything
  - unusual tolerance for dehydration
* exist only in the domesticated state in Africa and Asia.
* feed on vegetation, including shrubs and grasses.
* have a hard time with very steep places
  - multisectioned, ruminating stomach
  - very high requirement for salt
* have an ambling gait, simultaneously bringing up both legs on the same side
  - extra set of eyelids which help to keep the sand out of their eyes
  - extremely good sense of smell and keen vision
  - behavioral, structural and physiological adaptaions that conserve water
  - big feet for a very good reason
  - broad, flat, leathery pads with two toes on each foot
  - bumps over their eyes that act as built-in sun visors to help keep out bright sunlight
  - bushy eyebrows and two rows of eyelashes to keep the sand out of their eyes
  - calluslike bare spots on their chests and on their leg joints
  - exceptionally good eyesight and sense of smell
  - hairy eyelashes, ears and nostrils to keep out the sand
  - long eyelashes and thick eyebrows affording protection from foreign matter
  - long, strong legs
  - many adaptations for their desert habitats
* have oval shaped red blood cells which helps keep blood flowing in dehydrated states
  - pads on their feet to help it walk on the sand
  - part of the East African culture for centuries
  - small hairy rounded ears which are teddy bear like in appearance
* have the reputation of being bad tempered and stubborn creatures who spit and kick
  - bad-tempered and obstinate creatures who spit and kick
* have thick fur
  - leathery lips so they can eat prickly desert plants
  - lips so they can eat the prickly desert plants with out being injured
* have three eyelids to protect themselves from blowing sand
  - sets of eyelids
  - tough feet so that they can endure the scorching desert sands
* have two rows of thick eyelashes to protect their eyes from the desert dust
  - ways to keep from sweating too much
* hear something
* hoofed mammal
  - cannon bones
  - cell membranes
  - chest cavities
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - hoofs
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
* like to stay together in groups called herds.
* literally can survive on plant wastes, like an old twig basket or a mat.
* live in Africa and Asia
* live in deserts , where it is hot and dry
  - of Africa and Asia
  - that are hot and dry during the day, but cold at night
  - groups , with one male , several females , and their young calves
* live in the Sahara Desert
  - desert and can go for a long time without water
  - desert, where it is dry and hot during the day
* mate all year round, but they have a favorable period when vegetation is lush.
* may have difficulty.
* need food
  - dry deserts and arid lands to inhabit
* pull load.
* remove fluids from body cells rather than the blood.
* reproduce by copulating during breeding season after the males compete for dominance.
  - similar veterinary care to other domestic animals such as cattle and horses
* respond to verbal commands, and their gaits are gentle.
* roam deserts
* run about seven feet tall
  - like a giraffe with both legs on one side of the body moving simultaneously
* save water by producing dry feces and only small amounts of urine
* seek water.
* serve as draft animals and supply hair for the manufacture of fabrics and brushes.
* shed hair.
* solve their copulation difficulties by assuming a sitting-down posture.
* stand on feet.
* store heat during the day and unload it in the cool of the night.
  - hot deserts by storing water in body fat in their humps
  - trips
* sway from side to side because of the way their legs work.
* tend to be large and are strictly herbivorous.
* to drink salty water
  - stretch legs
  - survive in deserts
* travel in herds or caravans containing mostly females and calves with one dominant male.
* walk longer distances than horses
  - using a technique called pacing
* will have energy.
* work hard for people, but their behavior is unpredictable.
+ Camel, Habitat and adaptation: Camelids :: Domesticated animals :: Mammals of Pakistan :: Animals used for transport
  * Camels live in deserts, where it is hot and dry. Camels have adaptations that help them live in deserts. They have a thick coat of hair that protects them from the sun. They have wide, soft feet, so they can walk a long time in the hot sand
+ Desert, Animals and Plants
  * Animals such as lizards and small rodents often escape the hot rays by digging underground burrows where they live. They only come out at night to search for food. Like the plants, desert animals must live on as little water as possible. Most of the water used by these animals comes from seeds and stems that absorb and hold water. Camels survive in hot deserts by storing water in body fat in their humps. Like other desert animals, the camel loses little water in wastes.