### plant | tracheophyte:

Shrub
* Many shrubs also develop berries that are important food sources for birds
  - form their flower buds on the previous year's growth
  - have cork cells in the bark which insulates and protects the plant against water loss
  - require some sun even if it is filtered to perform well
  - thrive on steep, rocky slopes
* Most shrubs are fairly drought tolerant once established
  - much more drought tolerant than is usually supposed
  - can tolerate a wide variety of sites and soils
  - compete with seedlings
  - grow well without pruning
* Most shrubs have a limited flower duration
  - attributes
  - dark green leaves
  - desirable attributes
  - diameters
  - foliage
* Most shrubs have green foliage
  - oblong leaves
  - several desirable attributes
  - specimens
  - stem diameters
  - sweet berries
  - occur in regions
* Most shrubs produce blossoms
  - deep green leaves
  - fragrant blossoms
  - twigs
* Most shrubs provide shades
  - shelter
  - reduce availability
* Some shrubs are deciduous and grow to tree size, and some trees are evergreen and make large shrubs
  - dioecious meaning that male and female flowers are born on separate plants
* Some shrubs are dominated by juniper
  - mangroves
  - easy to propagate using stem cuttings
  - forsythia, spirea and weigela
  - associated with water courses have long tap roots to reach the water table
* Some shrubs become small trees
  - benefit from an annual or frequent hard cutting back
  - can become dry enough to use for kindling, yet they are alive
* Some shrubs have flowers
  - horizontal, underground stems that can be cut free with just a lopper
  - needles
  - only a single main trunk and are really small trees
  - red veined leaves and others have lemon veins
  - showy berries
  - white flowers
  - intersperse with grassland
  - occasionally reach tree stature, and are included in our database as trees
  - produce berries
* Some shrubs produce bright flowers
  - yellow flowers
  - brown catkins
  - fruits eaten by birds
  - purple flowers
  - suckers
* Some shrubs provide deer habitats
  - good deer habitats
  - reduce desirabilities
  - require occasional pruning.
  * Very many plants can be either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions. Small, low shrubs such as lavender, periwinkle and thyme are often termed subshrubs. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen
* also can act as a windbreak, blocking cold air in winter and hot, drying winds in summer
  - grow straight up
  - help define and enclose areas
  - provide places for sunning as well as shade and resting places
  - remain vulnerable throughout their life cycle
* are a key foundation planting for many gardens.
* are also a primary food source and habitat for wildlife
  - useful for shading the home
  - browsed throughout the year, however
  - common, especially sagebrushes and saltbushes, as well as grasses
  - excellent to use in borders, as hedges and do very well in containers
  - immediately noticeable in the landscape because they are at eye level
  - infrequent, but woody vines such as grape and poison ivy often are abundant
  - insect-pollinated and are also easy to maintain
  - invaluable in mixed borders with perennials, bulbs and other ephemeral plantings
  - juniper, lotebush, dalea, guajillo, blackbrush, and cenizo
  - located in parks
  - multi-stemmed woody plants, reaching a height of less than three metres at maturity
  - often in dense thickets as they are able to spread quickly underground
  - particularly vulnerable to damage if growth has started
  - perennial plants-meaning they live for at least three years
  - plentiful in the chaparral biome because they are able to survive on very little water
  - short or creep along the ground
  - small woody plants with true roots, stems, leaves and flowers
  - the dominant growthform of deserts
  - water conserving and once established, get by on weekly irrigations
  - widely spaced and, being completely exposed to the light, are round in form
* are woody but short and multistemmed
  - bend over time due to snow creep and become much less effective later in the season
  - mask traffic, create areas of privacy, and reduce wind
  - provide four-season beauty to a landscape
* come in an infinite variety of colors and textures
  - many different shapes, sizes and colors
* demand little fertilizer compared to the amount required by lawns or vegetables.
* form a ring along the interior edge of the trees.
* grow in patches where light and space are sufficient
  - where sunlight filters to the ground
  - wild except in the coldest areas of the world
* have attributes
  - deeper root systems than grasses, can penetrate down to soil moisture reserves at depth
  - graceful, weeping habit
  - many woody stems branching close to the ground
  - woody stems that obstruct runoff flowing into the stream and help slow floodwaters
* help bring proportion to the landscape
  - fill the gaps beneath the tree canopy, providing maximum shelter
  - partition the landscape while other annuals and perennials are used to provide accents
* include alders
  - yellow alders
* includes cell membranes
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - vacuoles
  - xylem
* normally relocate better than trees.
  - scattered patches, especially where the soil is moist
* occurring in bottomlands occasionally produce adventitious roots.
* often survive by their ability to re-sprout from their bases
  - resprout from their base
* protect the lower portions of walls from heat gain by blocking sunlight.
* provide a good source of food and protective cover for wildlife
  - added insulation against chilling winter winds
  - good forage during winter when grasses disappear or dry up
  - privacy and can be used to create secluded nooks and woodland hideaways
  - roosting, nesting, and other cover
  - suitable shelter
  - the structural backbone of a garden
* range in size from small trees to short, compact ground covers.
* sprout prolifically after fire, and the charred humus becomes covered by lichens.
* usually are sparse or absent
  - contain more protein than grasses
* vary greatly in color, flowering, size, texture and fragrance.