### plant | tracheophyte:

Tree
* All trees are different, even among the same species
  - in the Kingdom Plantae, the plants
  - parts of ecosystems
  - plants, including redwoods
  - single trunk and shaped by hand
  - upright, oval in habit, and uniform in size and shape
  - can reproduce by seeds
  - die after fire
  - drop dead leaves
* All trees grow in more humid conditions than our homes, offices and dormitories
  - slowly, and it is difficult to distinguish temporary from permanent setbacks
* All trees have a characteristic shape
  - finite life span, but the length of life depends on many factors
  - bark
  - both male and female cones
  - their own natural defenses
  - underground drip irrigation for the dry summer months
  - love to play
* All trees produce fruit
  - sap but maple trees produce sweeter sap than other trees, and more of it
  - reproduce by producing seeds, but the seed structure varies
* Any tree graph.
* Every tree gives a home to thousands of interliving insects and other small lives.
* Every tree has a Santa
  - critical root - a taproot that is essential to the tree's future growth and health
  - single root node, which forms the base of the tree
  - at least a root-node which is the anchor of all subnodes
  - is in full leaf and flowers are in full bloom
* Learn about the shape of trees, how they spread their seeds, and more.
* Many tree ferns detest wind, and respond with burnt frond tips.
* Many trees also have a taproot that grows straight into the ground
  - provide flowers in the summer, a time when flowers are much less common
* Many trees are attractive to winter foraging animals
  - contaminated by spores carried by the wind
  - hundreds of years old, and a few live thousands of years
  - killed by the voracious habits of porcupines
  - still dormant in the early growing season leaving water available for grass
  - top-heavy, to reach into canopy light source
* Many trees bear a sign giving the common name and botanical name of the plant
  - deep gouge marks and have odd shaped trunks due to the ravages of the elephants
  - can fix nitrogen, enriching the soil when their residues decompose
  - collect sunlight that is filtered through the leaves of taller trees
  - depend on fire for their survival
  - develop discoloration or furrowing on their bark that is also completely natural
  - die from being planted too deep
* Many trees die in the same season that infection occurs -some die within a few weeks
  - their first eight years of life
  - fall over when they get very old and become nursery logs for seedlings
  - flare outward at their base
  - form ridges on the top and bottom of branches where they are attached to the trunk
* Many trees grow in Antarctica
  - the temperate forest
* Many trees have a taproot that grows straight into the ground
  - tendency to have root sprouts or shoots originating from injured roots
  - beneficial associations between their roots and fungal hyphae called mycorrhiza
  - even shorter life spans, fruit trees and Norway maples in particular
  - flowers rich in nectar which are attractive to bees
  - holes in their leaves now or leaf spots
  - multiple stems as a result of damage to trunks by ice and flood-carried debris
  - loose their leaves during the drier seasons
* Many trees lose leaves in dry period
  - their leaves when the weather gets cool
  - placed in churches have Chrismons on their boughs, symbols of the Christian faith
* Many trees produce chemicals to protect themselves from natural predators
  - resin , but usually it is broken down by physical and biological process
  - recover rapidly from anthracnose if they are maintained in a vigorous condition
  - seem to be in early stages of infection
  - shed their leaves each year and most animals produce droppings at least once a day
* Many trees show signs of wilt and general lack of vitality
  - withering leaves from top to bottom
  - topple because the roots are decayed
  - use the wind to disperse their seeds
* More trees die from being kept inside when they crave fresh air, than otherwise
  - mean less heat and more water
  - means less production of other plants, less food for elk
* Most trees absorb energy
  - nutrients
  - acquire sunlight
* Most trees adapt to climates
  - different environments
  - habitats
  - many different environments
  - marine environments
  - add one new ring for each year of growth
  - affect climates
* Most trees are at peak color, and some cottonwood and ash are losing leaves
  - difficult or impossible to propagate by cuttings
  - green
  - monoecious
  - self sown
  - still very young at the age of one hundred
* Most trees attain height
  - large size
* Most trees attract animals
  - birds
  - other pollinators
  - squirrels
* Most trees bear blossoms
  - orange fruit
  - oval fruit
  - ovules
  - red fruit
* Most trees bear small fruit
  - stone fruit
  - white blossoms
* Most trees become habitats
* Most trees begin as seeds
  - to bud two years after they are planted
* Most trees belong to genus
  - taxonomic genus
* Most trees block light
* Most trees bloom in late springs
* Most trees can have extensive roots
  - survive continued infestations with only minor setbacks
  - tolerate an early defoliation and come back next year as long as the rains come
* Most trees can withstand a few days of flooding during the growing season
  - severe defoliation for at least one year without permanent damage
  - carry leaves
  - come from trees
* Most trees consist of roots
  - tap roots
* Most trees contain hollows
  - root nodes
  - substances
* Most trees create environments
  - less sterile environments
  - wildlife habitats
* Most trees depend on conditions
  - moisture
  - soil moisture
  - derive from ancestors
* Most trees develop leaves
  - die during the winter
  - do well in neutral or slightly acidic soils
* Most trees drop flowers
  - green leaves
  - small twigs
  - dry up, stunted on starving roots
* Most trees exhibit growth
  - vigorous growth
  - expose to sunlight
  - feature massive trunks
* Most trees form branches
  - generally have leaves
* Most trees get food
* Most trees grow along edges
  - riverbanks
  - streams
* Most trees grow at advance ages
* Most trees grow for decades
* Most trees grow from roots
  - wing seeds
* Most trees grow in areas
  - coastal areas
  - cone shapes
  - countries
  - gardens
  - landscapes
  - locations
  - many countries
  - meadows
  - mud
* Most trees grow in natural environments
  - wood environments
  - places
  - regions
  - setting
  - shade areas
  - shelter areas
  - shoot length and diameter and root length and diameter
  - study areas
* Most trees grow in tropical areas
  - windy areas
  - woodlands
  - yards
  - zones
  - large leaves
* Most trees grow near hawthorn trees
* Most trees grow on private properties
  - sites
  - over years
  - their new leaves during early rainy season
* Most trees grow to height width
  - medium size
  - meters
  - up to feet
* Most trees have a characteristic shape
  - characteristic, predictable pattern,hardness, density, and flexibility
  - shallow spreading root system with a few anchor roots
  - aerial roots
  - aggressive spread roots
  - almost all roots within three feet of the soil surface
  - alternate leaves
  - anchors
* Most trees have beautiful blossoms
  - spring blossoms
  - biomass
  - branch structures
  - broad leaves
  - buds
  - centers
  - chlorophyll
  - circumferences
* Most trees have deep root structures
  - defense mechanisms
  - dry leaves
  - enormous trunks
  - enough water
  - epiphytes
  - few problems with insects or diseases
  - fine roots
  - foliage density
  - fragrant bark
* Most trees have fresh foliage
  - green foliage
  - fruit seeds
  - full branches
  - germination
  - gray bark
* Most trees have green bark
* Most trees have hollow interiors
  - kinds
  - large limbs
  - lobe leaves
  - meristems
  - moist leaves
  - no leaves, but they have many buds
  - organs
  - oval leaves
  - plant organs
  - protection
  - seeds inside fruits
  - shades
  - shiny leaves
* Most trees have smooth bark
  - grey bark
  - surfaces
  - straight trunks
  - strong roots
  - superior thermal protection
  - terminal nodes
  - thick trunks
  - thin bark
  - tiny leaves
  - trunk circumferences
  - woody branches
  - yellow color
* Most trees help atmospheres
  - keep their leaves, or pines, year round
* Most trees live for centuries
* Most trees live in areas
  - cold climates
  - oak woodlands
  - temperate areas
* Most trees lose dead leaves
  - make food
  - mature in the fall
  - naturally develop a multi-trunk growth habit
  - obtain water
  - occupy rocky habitats
* Most trees occur in habitats
  - on sites
  - originate in regions
  - perform best in well-drained soil
  - pollinated by the wind have much smaller flowers
  - possess birds
  - prefer moisture
* Most trees produce aromatic flowers
  - autumn foliage
  - black fruit
  - crops
  - deep taproots
* Most trees produce edible fruit
  - nuts
  - female flowers
  - fleshy fruit
  - fragrant leaves
* Most trees produce fruit buds
  - during the same growing season as the flowers
  - heavy crops
  - mangos
  - mast crops
  - materials
  - mature fruit
  - more fruit than they can support or develop adequately
  - nutritious fruit
  - only small amounts of cork cells
  - oxygen
  - pea flowers
  - pollen in the spring
  - products
  - quality wood products
  - refresh fruit
  - rich wood
  - seedless fruit
* Most trees produce shape fruit
  - single flowers
  - small white flowers
  - stumps
* Most trees produce sweet fruit
* Most trees produce tiny flowers
  - yellow flowers
* Most trees provide diverse habitats
  - food sources
  - primary food sources
  - valuable habitats
  - range in height
* Most trees reach breast height
  - full maturity
  - maximum size
  - sexual maturity
* Most trees receive direct sunlight
  - maximum sunlight
  - rainfall
  - seasonal rainfall
  - rely on photosynthesis
  - remain large trees
* Most trees remove carbon dioxide
  - replace at least one third of their feeder roots each year
* Most trees require direct sunlight
  - supplemental water
* Most trees retain foliage
  - ripen their fruit over a two to four week period
  - seen in rivers and lakes are logs without roots floating horizontally
* Most trees shed foliage
  - spread seeds
* Most trees sprout from roots
  - still show no signs of being affected by the disease
  - store litre water
* Most trees survive decades
  - for years
* Most trees survive in climates
  - humid climates
  - temperature
* Most trees take in air
  - up carbon
* Most trees thrive in areas
  - full sunlight
  - soil conditions
* Most trees tolerate drought conditions
  - harsh conditions
  - leaf spots with little or no apparent damage
  - typically have trunks
* Most trees use natural wood trunks
  - solitary trunks
  - usually support a small population of such mites that causes no visible damage
  - vary in height
* Most trees yield edible nuts
  - pinyon nuts
* SOME trees suffer by their associations.
* Some tree frogs live in trees
  - possess discs
* Some tree kangaroos eat insects
  - leaves change color
* Some tree pangolins secrete smelly substances
* Some tree squirrels damage forest trees
* Some trees ARE unpredictable when it comes to dropping green branches
  - adapt to sites
  - affect growth
* Some trees also produce flowers attractive to adult butterflies
  - store wastes in bark
  - annually shed bark, while others have persistent bark
  - appear to be wrapped almost entirely with webs
* Some trees are better suited for warm climates
  - brown
  - consumed by bison
  - deciduous during the dry season, dropping their leaves entirely
  - easy to identify any time of year
  - evergreen
  - extremely susceptible to deicing salts
  - far more resistant to vine damage than others
  - fire resistant, and some encourage flame
  - genetically resistant to insect infestation
  - in full open bloom while a few others have only swelling buds
  - just more sensitive to alkaline soils than others
  - more stressed than others and are already dropping their leaves
  - oaks
  - raised from seeds, others from cuttings, grafts or layers
  - resistant to adelgids
  - scarred during periods of extreme flooding
  - short and others are tall
  - susceptible to oil injury
  - tall and narrow, while others are low and broadly spreading
  - toxic if eaten
  - very particular about the amount of nutrients and moisture they receive
* Some trees attract bark beetle vectors
  - beetles
  - caterpillars
  - deer
  - doves
  - hawks
  - moths
  - mourn doves
  - parrots
  - starlings
  - wrens
* Some trees bear a few nuts every year with a major flush of nuts every third or fourth year
  - black fruit and some trees bear orange coloured fruit
  - both male and female flowers but on separate branches
  - every year, while others bear every third year
  - fragrant flowers
  - fruit through self pollination and are called self-fruitful
  - fruit, like people who have children
  - large white flowers
* Some trees become taproots
* Some trees belong to families
  - pea families
  - weasel families
  - bend in a gentle wind, like people who walk in balance
  - benefit from fertilizer
  - bloom at less than a year old and others take longer
* Some trees can be hundreds of years old
  - grow just about anywhere
  - have a high number of webs
  - live for hundreds of years
* Some trees can survive even when their crowns are scorched
  - for many years in various states of decline
  - take a very long time to grow - a hundred years or more
  - tolerate a lot of water while others can tolerate a lot of heat and drought
  - withstand a fair amount of scorching and still survive
  - compete with conifers
* Some trees contain fruit
  - create much more litter than others
  - depend on bees
* Some trees develop huge buttresses for additional support in the thin soils in the rainforest
  - upright shoots, which compete with the main trunk for dominance
* Some trees die after fruit
  - quickly but others linger
* Some trees die within few years
  - die, leaving gaps
  - disperse fruit
  - display more golden or orange leaves in the autumn
  - do grow on the savanna, but they are sparsely scattered
* Some trees drop plums
* Some trees even provide important medicines
  - key medicinal ingredients for illness cures and treatments
  - experience death
  - extend their roots a hundred feet or more
  - feed in fields
  - find in deserts
* Some trees form flowers
  - go leafless for short periods of time, but almost never shed all their leaves
* Some trees grow along banks
  - coasts
  - creeks
  - intertidal shores
  - pacific coasts
  - river banks
  - shelter shores
  - shorelines
  - an extra layer of wood every year as the seasons change
  - as far east as Idaho and Montana
* Some trees grow at degrees
  - elevation
  - lower elevation
  - cities
  - during centuries
  - faster than others
  - for hundreds of years, like people who stay in our hearts
  - hollow trunks
* Some trees grow in air
  - ambient air
  - containers
  - cracks
  - isolation
  - partial shades
  - patches
  - ranges
  - valleys
  - near salt water
* Some trees grow on bluff
  - clay
  - cliffs
  - heavy clay
  - lavas
  - mountain slopes
  - mountainsides
  - playgrounds
  - rocks
  - rocky cliffs
  - sunny slopes
  - poorly
  - positions
  - very slowly
* Some trees harbor mites
  - prey
* Some trees have a taproot that is sent straight down for water and also provides support
  - tendency to develop branches with narrow angles of attachment and tight crotches
  - texture so rough to touch, like people with hard faces
  - abundances
  - annual dry seasons
  - big, wide, flat root systems, such as pine trees
  - blossoms that become fruit
  - both male flowers and female flowers
  - broad-leaves
  - catkins
  - cavities
  - coats
  - compounds
  - dark green needles
  - discharge
  - distinctive odors
  - droop catkins
  - entire limbs that are yellowing and dying now
  - eyes
  - fibre
  - flower petals
  - flowers that begin to form colors in the bud
  - forks
  - free-flowing sap that bleeds after late winter or early spring pruning
  - genetic resistance to dogwood anthracnose
  - germination patterns
  - good shade tolerance
  - growth patterns
  - hairy stalks
  - health issues
  - hollow horns
  - immature fruit
  - large whitish flowers
  - leaf stalks
  - lifespans
* Some trees have long needles
  - thin needles
  - low tolerance
  - margins
  - maximum lifespans
  - middles
  - multiple wounds
* Some trees have needles and scales
  - or leaves, like people with their gifts
  - one or more genes that cause sweeter sap
* Some trees have only male flowers and therefore no berries
  - one tap, while others have two or more
* Some trees have persistent fruit
  - potential lifespans
  - power
* Some trees have roots that are above the ground 'and' underground
  - ropes to swing on
  - shapes that are so inviting, like people who always hug
  - short lifespans
  - small yellow flowers
  - specific soil requirements
  - strong smell
  - suitable cavities
  - surface areas
  - tangles
  - tissue
  - truffles
  - types
* Some trees have waxy coats
  - leaves or hairy leaves all helping in reducing water loss
  - weak spots
  - help birds
  - hold their fruit well into winter
  - infected by crown gall grow poorly, have severe die-back, and eventually die
* Some trees kill beetles
  - goats
  - launch more potent allergens than others
* Some trees live in grassland
  - thousands of years, although most live a few hundred
  - to be over a thousand years old
  - living today are as old as the most ancient pyramids of Egypt
* Some trees lose color
  - their leaves in winter
  - to animal consumers every seed they produce
  - make up diets
  - naturally have interesting structure and some are gawky or a mass of twigs
  - never survive the struggle of life, like people who are weak
  - normally form the collar only when the branch begins to die
  - offer natural habitat features
  - originate from regions
* Some trees plant in landscapes
  - urban landscapes
* Some trees possess ants
  - eagles
  - heal power
  - prefer wet soils
  - prevent accumulation
* Some trees produce acid
  - acorns
  - apples
  - bananas
  - coconuts
  - cook bananas
  - edible seeds
  - electricity
  - excess glucose
  - fleshy seeds
  - green apples
  - many, small seeds and depend upon the wind for their dispersal
  - nuts, and cones
  - oils that can be turned into basic ingredients for big cosmetics companies
  - only male flowers, but some hermaphrodite flowers are usually on every tree
  - pineapples
  - pollen cones
  - purple berries
  - sweet almond flavoured kernels while others produce a distasteful kernel
  - triple samaras and others produce samaras with double wings
* Some trees provide colorful or fragrant flowers
  - dense shades
  - environmental benefits
  - evergreen shades
* Some trees provide excellent growing medium for shiitake mushrooms
  - nest sites
  - food, others give shade, and others are made into lumber
  - important nest sites
  - reach feet
  - receive nutrients
* Some trees reduce sunlight
  - release pollen
* Some trees rely on animals
  - bats
  - fungi
  - wind pollination
* Some trees require fertilizer
  - full sun, some like low light, some do best with bright indirect light
  - summer irrigation
  - the truffle associate for establishment and survival
  - winter protection
  - respond to cut roots or other damage by sending up new suckers from the root system
* Some trees retain fruit
  - smooth texture
* Some trees show continuous growth
  - disease resistance
  - no symptoms on leaves or fruit
  - nutrient deficiencies
  - rapid growth
  - severe white infection
* Some trees sprout female flowers
  - stand as tall as two hundred feet tall
* Some trees still have black trunks
  - fall color
  - support growth
  - survive fire
* Some trees survive in conditions
  - intensity fire
  - windstorm
  - survive, if their roots are enough long
  - tend to have branches crossing the trunk
* Some trees thrive in moisture
* Some trees turn color considerably before others, even right next to each other
* Some trees use as much as a quart of water a day
  - carbohydrates
  - in forestry
  - vertical air roots to assist with oxygenation
* Some trees utilize gases
  - green house gases
* Some trees yield chocolate
  - conkers
  - essential oil
* Trim back all tree limbs and vegetation away from roof.
* absorb between two pints and a gallon of water every day.
* absorb carbon dioxide and are vital carbon sinks
  - emit oxygen as they grow
  - release oxygen
  - during photosynthesis and can lock it up for decades
  - from our air, and can offset some greenhouse gasses
* absorb carbon dioxide from the air as they grow
  - atmosphere and are thus referred to as carbon sinks
* absorb carbon dioxide to make food during the process of photosynthesis
  - wood and grow larger
* absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, from the air
  - major greenhouse gas, and prevent it from going into the atmosphere
  - provide habitat for animals, and provide shade to keep buildings cool
  - the principal greenhouse gas
  - carbon-dioxide laden air and send out fresh oxygenated air
  - dust and wind and reduce glare
  - greenhouse gases, and act as a buffer from further global warming
  - groundwater and release the same into the atmosphere during transpiration
* absorb minerals and other essential elements as they grow and prosper
  - essentials as they grow and prosper
  - oxygen and emit carbon dioxide
  - vast amounts of water through their roots and leaves
* act as a carbon sink
  - giant air filter for the world, continuously cleaning and re-cleaning the air
  - sink for VOCs
* act as buffers that keep pollutants out of our water stream
  - out of our water supply
  - carbon sinks, capturing greenhouse gases and emitting clean oxygen
  - living pumps that draw moisture out of the soil and release it into the atmosphere
  - lungs by filling the air with life-giving oxygen
  - noise buffers, weather shields and land stabilisers
  - pollution filters, creating cleaner air
  - shade in the hot summer months and as a windbreak in the colder months
  - sponges soaking up the rain and releasing it slowly in hot weather
  - water pumps, reducing the pore water in the soil
  - windbreaks, reducing the force of desiccating, eroding winds at ground level
* adapt by digging into their energy storerooms to produce more leaves.
* add beauty and create an environment beneficial to our mental health
  - reflection to our everyday lives
  - greatly to the aesthetics of an area, helping to soothe the soul of all mankind
  - one ring per year as they grow
  - shade and perspective, and usually frame our homes and yards
  - value to communities as they mature
  - regional climates because of their part in the hydrological cycle
* also absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen
  - ozone, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter
  - act as a windbreak against winter's icy chill
  - add one ring for each rainy season within a year
* also are key to an adequate food source for fish
  - nature's first line of defense against heat and smog
  - beautify the landscape, with their graceful foliage or colorful blooms
  - become weakened and more susceptible to diseases and wood boring insects
  - check soil erosion, maintain the water table and help prevent both flood and drought
  - coexist with humans and a threat to a tree can also pose a danger to humans
  - cool the city, which decreases air pollution and enhances living conditions
  - create habitat for birds and provide shade for children playing outside
  - emit much moisture through their leaves
  - fight global warming by consuming carbon
* also filter air-borne particulates
  - carbon dioxide from the air and provide a home for birds and wildlife
* also give an air of maturity to a new development
  - homes to creatures
* also have a role in conservation
  - different growth habits
  - economic value, both by increasing property values and as a source of wood products
  - significant economic value
* also help by stopping dirt and snow from blowing around during the seasons
  - conserve soil and water
  - control the rate and volume of water and influence flood levels
  - cool the Earth
  - keep the soil in place by means of their strong root systems
  - manage the amount of particulate matter picked up and carried by the wind
  - perpetuate the water cycle by returning water vapor back into the atmosphere
* also help prevent droughts by maintaining steady stream flows into drier seasons
  - flooding and help control soil erosion
  - remove pollutants from the air and replace carbon dioxide with purified oxygen
* also help to filter dust and pollution
  - keep our air clean and our ecosystems healthy
  - with climate control, air and noise pollution
  - hold water with their vast root systems, by creating air pockets deep in the soil
  - improve the soil in other ways
* also increase property value and reduce energy costs
  - values and can help boost a community's economic development
  - values, and they can provide colorful fall foliage and fond memories
  - intercept water and impede storm water runoff
  - lessen the force of the rain on the soil
  - look different in shape and size
  - minimize heat gain on summer afternoons
  - nourish and inspire the human spirit
  - offer interest in patterns of branching, forms and bark colors and textures
* also offer shelter from harsh weather and cover for nesting birds
  - wind and rain and act as a noise buffer
* also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming
  - role in discharging ground water
  - prevent heat loss from the house in cold weather
  - protect much of our drinking water and provide vital habitats for fish and wildlife
* also provide a means of escape
  - bark for house building for weasel and other creatures
  - cover and nesting materials
  - farmers with materials for fence posts, poles and farm implements
* also provide habitat for a variety of animals
  - the wildlife, something which is very important in an urban setting
  - shelter and food for a variety of wildlife
  - record fire scars which cause a sequence of overlapping wounds
* also reduce harsh winds, moderate temperature extremes, and offset poor air quality
  - heat loss in winter
  - local air temperatures by several degrees through evapo-transpiration
  - noise pollution, act as wind buffers and absorb dust and other air pollutants
  - the green-house effect by shading our homes and office buildings
* also remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere directly
  - heavy metals
  - serve as windbreaks which lessen the drying effect of the wind
  - shade the water, keeping it cool and oxygenated
  - stop erosion and provide more food for fish
  - tend to grow in different shapes
  - trap air pollution particles
  - use more water in summer months, transpiring water back to the air
  - vary in growth rate
* always make people happy.
* ameliorate environmental hazards.
* appear highly variable genetically and are almost uniformly poor in form.
* are a big investment of time and money
  - common cause of dispute between neighbours
  - defining characteristic in Wedgwood
  - direct source of cures for a range of ailments
  - foundation concept in dealing with the rest of the natural world and our own lives
  - long-term investment that can take up to six years to produce
  - major element in the city structure, with economic, ecological and aesthetic value
  - mixture of ponderosa, spruce, aspen, and scrub oak
* are a part of nature
  - our shared environment
  - the fertility of the soil
  - protected species on the island
  - rarity on the open, windswept moors
* are a renewable natural resource, unlike coal, which is non-renewable
  - resource, and forest products are recyclable and biodegradable
  - slow growing investment, often owned by wealthier groups who can defer returns
  - symbol of life and growth
  - ten year crop
  - uniquely valuable natural resource
  - universal symbol, inspiring awe and admiration
* are a valuable part of our environment
  - renewable resource, if managed properly
* are a very important element to prevent some flooding
  - special part of our environment
  - vital part of an urban neighborhood
  - way to reduce pollution and the heat island effect by providing shade and cooling
  - above average in vigor and have been productive each year
* are abundant in pines, magnolia and cypress
  - the state
* are alive and live in Forests
  - almost always healthy and nearly pest-free
* are also a factor in retaining and attracting residents, which promotes community stability
  - at the center of forest food webs
  - good producers of pollen and nectar for honey, and the honey is first grade
* are also important because they provide homes
  - for storing carbon
  - habitat for hundreds of wildlife species
  - medium in height with a bushy habit further reducing crop potential
  - regularly watered to help ensure quick and continued growth
  - useful for erosion control and wildlife enhancement projects
  - valuable sources of fuel, fiber, medicine, timber, and food for people
  - very important to the natural world
* are always closer than they appear
  - dripping water
* are among the first to die, grasses among the last
  - oldest living things on earth
* are an asset to the community and the environment
  - essential and integral part of the riparian zone
* are an essential part of the natural world's ecosystem
  - urban ecosystem
* are an important element of the landscape for wildlife from seed to dirt
  - part of how our planet regulates the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere
* are an important part of our lives
  - indicator of climate, soil and water
  - integral part of our home landscapes and neighborhoods
  - interface between the atmosphere and earth
  - invaluable natural resource
  - annually productive and easy to grow
  - autotrophs
  - available in a variety of species adapted to the soils and climates of North Texas
  - basically plants that want to be in the sun
* are best grown in full sun can grow with little shade
  - suited to a warm subtropical climate
  - bows of violins
  - broad oval to round with age
  - by far the most common objects struck in roadside hazard crashes
* are capable of buds
  - burns
  - cast shadows
  - dies
  - collections of domains sharing a single namespace and forests are groups of trees
  - colored dots on a black background
  - commodities of commerce, and the death of a child is the factored cost of waging war
* are common data structures
  - in the spring, grass in summer, then weeds in the fall
  - on alkaline, infertile sandy soils
  - connected graphs that contain no loops
  - cool in the summer and warm in the winter sunshine
  - costly for the government to plant and maintain
  - critical to the overall quality of our environment
  - cut for timber and land cleared for agriculture
  - dark blue, and shell deposits and marsh mud are usually dark red
  - data structures that are made up of nodes
  - deciduous trees
  - deep rooted, long lived and open growing with a long trunk
  - deeply and firmly rooted to solid ground
  - descendants of ones at battlefields, historic homes, and one germinated in space
  - diagrams of hierarchical relationships, such as family trees or corporate hierarchies
  - different in size and shape, and in importance
  - difficult to move once they are established
  - down to sticks
  - early bearing, very productive, and hardy
  - effective at intercepting the light needed by grass to grow
  - either deciduous in the north or semi-evergreen in the south
  - erect as seedlings, globose and slightly spreading as budded or grafted plants
  - especially prone to such wounds in spring when bark is most easily knocked off
* are essential to provide shade, invertebrate habitat, and coarse woody debris
  - reduce pollution, stabilise the ground and cast welcome shade over it
* are even more efficient than forages in converting solar energy into biomass
  - susceptible to pests when stressed by air pollution
  - everywhere in Florida and forests are composed of trees
  - evil
  - fairly effective at removing both solid and gaseous particulates from the air
  - favorite names for streets
  - feeble, with brittle, bare branches
  - figures
  - fire retardant for indoor and outdoor displays
  - for all seasons
  - fractal in nature
  - fragile
* are generally deciduous during the dry season, though riverine ssp
  - lower than the rainforest trees, but again have massive trunks
* are generally more in tune with nature than people
  - tolerant of flooding during cool weather
* are gifts that grow
  - last a lifetime
  - good examples of perennial plants that live in a forest
* are good for our health, and the health of the planet
  - the preservation of soil and watersheds
  - great for shade
* are green in summer
  - habitat to birds and insects, including insects that eat other pests
  - hardy and resistant to most bacterial diseases that infect Japanese plums
  - hardy, but are slow to come into bearing
  - hierarchical displays of immediately broader and narrower terms
  - hierarchies of domains linked by trust relationships
  - home for animals like birds, owls, caterpillars, squirrels and other animals
  - immune from the disease until they are about ten years old
* are important assets that require care and maintenance the same as other public property
  - because they provide oxygen, shade, food and homes for animals
  - in children's lives, but are all too often taken for granted
  - regulators of temperature and climate
* are important to many other forest resources
  - the integral health of a community
* are in ground objects and in trees
  - permanent contact with microorganisms, which have very different functions
  - incredibly complex, and have many ways of fending off disease, insects, and decay
  - integral part of the human existence
  - intolerant of shade, grow slowly, and are locally scattered in distribution
  - invaluable for their filtration of noise and air pollutants, and for privacy screening
  - investments that normally increase in value over time
  - just one of the state's renewable natural resources
  - keys to ecological land use for three reasons
  - known to more often fall over in strong wind
  - large timber types that are early bearing and blight resistant
  - large, generally single-stemmed, woody plants
  - largely cross-pollinated, and produce few pods when grown in isolation
  - leafless during the dry season
* are less cold hardy and are more susceptible to footrot
  - resistant to grazing than shrubs or forbs with grasses being the most resistant
  - susceptible under drought conditions
* are like all living creatures
  - factories that make air
  - people - live fast, die young
  - limited to river and stream basins
* are living organisms that are born, live a certain number of years, and then die
* are located in backyards
  - countrysides
  - jungle
  - orchards
  - rainforests
  - state parks
  - towns
  - universities
  - zoos
* are long lived perennial plants with in several cases very particular flower biology
  - living organisms and open systems consisting of a large number of modules
  - long-lived and subject to the accumulated effects of environmental stress
  - m tall, and shallow roots, mostly evergreen, with large dark green leaves
* are made of leafs
  - major capital assets in America's cities and towns
  - many things to different people
  - massive creatures that appear more or less static and unchanging
* are medium to large and have no low branches
  - with a tendency to spread
  - moderately susceptible to scab and cedar apple rust and resistant to powdery mildew
* are more effective in stabilizing a stream bank than grass, shrubs or bare soil
  - general than chains because each chain tree
  - susceptible to fire blight in poorly drained sites than in well-drained ones
  - than big sticks of dead wood
  - vigorous when nutrients from decomposed leaf litter are available
* are most susceptible in spring, during shoot elongation
  - to infection in springtime and when planted in poor draining soils
  - vulnerable during bloom
  - mostly self sown
* are native to Asia, the southeastern United States, Latin America, and South America
  - Peru, though commonly found throughout southern California
  - natural buffers to harsh weather conditions
  - naturally semi-dwarf, upright, spreading, productive, and hardy
* are nature's absorbent urinals
  - air conditioners
  - way of cleansing and purifying the air
* are normally cold hardy, but are highly susceptible to cold damage when heavily laden
  - multi-stemmed, but can also have a single trunk
  - nursery-grown in the south
* are of great value to communities and nations
  - varying heights, including many palms, in both understory and canopy
* are often bent into a permanent leaning position by the weight of ice and snow
  - fair to large in size, especially the hemlocks
  - subtle indicators of their environments
  - symbols of age and time
  - one of our most precious resources
* are one of the biggest, oldest and most complex organisms on the planet
  - first plant categories a child learns
  - major causes of power outages
  - symbols of our culture
  - world's greatest renewable resources
  - only large plants and as such reproduce with seeds the same ways
  - open air
* are our life-source
  - outdoor air conditioners
* are part of an ecosystem
  - nature's air filtering system
  - our forests
  - particularly vulnerable to damage if growth has started
  - perennial plants that have long woody trunks
  - perennials
  - pine with oak and other hardwoods
  - poems that the earth writes upon the sky
  - powerful symbols found in many scriptures
  - productive and come into production at an early age
  - prominent in mythology around the world
  - prone to cankers and twig blight under Missouri conditions
  - pumps, long before humanity engineered pumps
  - pyramidal in shape
  - pyramidal, well established and consistent in size and shape
  - resistant to bud mite and relatively resistant to hazel blight
  - responsible for many natural amenities
  - rooted men and men are walking trees
  - seed plants - that is they reproduce by seed
  - self-optimizing structures
  - self-similar in that a tree node is also a tree
  - short-term carbon storage
  - shrubs are perennials
  - similar to people
  - slightly less hardy than oranges
* are small and confined to stream and lake beds
  - in height and size except in some of the river valleys
  - small, widely spaced, and often fall over if they get too tall
  - smaller and ground cover is much denser because more light reaches the ground
  - so strong, but they have the ability to bend and move
  - solar-powered machines that convert air into wood
  - some of nature's most accurate timekeepers
  - something most people can identify with
  - somewhat like humans in the respect that they each have their own 'personalities'
  - sparse on grasslands due to seasonal floods and droughts, heavy grazing, and fires
* are subject to the ravages of man, machines, insects, disease, nature and time
  - winter injury and late spring frosts
  - sun nets
  - superior survival organisms
  - supple and pliant
* are susceptible from the seedling stage through maturity
  - to fire blight, a bacterial disease
  - symbolic of our relationship with nature, a touchstone to the past and future
* are symbols of both good and evil, and of life and death
  - personal solitude and source of edification for the mind and spirit
  - systems that came from genetic codes
* are tall and provide good canopy cover
  - talls
  - the biggest and longest-lived creatures on Earth
* are the earth's oldest living organisms
  - oxygen factory
  - greatest things in nature
  - icons of the earth
* are the largest and longest living plants on Earth
  - some of the most impressive plants in the world
  - of living things
  - longest living and largest living organisms on Earth
  - longest-living organisms on earth
  - lungs of nature
* are the lungs of the Planet
  - main type of landscape plants used to modify the temperatures in and around the home
  - medicine people of the plant world and the symbols of transformation
* are the most important plants in temperate forests
  - restricted of all higher elevation plants
  - number-one landscape plant used in energy conservation in the home landscape
  - oldest and largest of living things
  - primary cause of power outages in Milwaukee County
  - source of many of the world's best known fleshy fruits
* are the tallest elements in most gardens, so they are the dominant element
  - vegetation and therefore dominate the sunlight resources of a site
  - world's largest forms of life
  - thin boled and very close together
  - to be set up in areas away from sources of heat and ignition
  - too precious to cut, and constructing walls provides more shade and consumes less water
  - unrooted
* are upright, V-shaped in character and quite uniform
  - less precocious than Empire
  - vigorous, and precocious
* are used for beauty
  - climbing
  - decoration
  - flood control
  - lumber and lumber byproducts, such as furniture and boats
  - refuge
* are usually the first plants to release pollen, usually in the early spring
  - very productive, medium sized and spreading
  - well developed on the desert ranges and their bajadas
* are very complex organisms
  - energy and chemical intensive to turn into paper
  - fire resistant with very thick bark
* are very important as far as taking in carbon dioxide
  - in the landscape for shade, flowers and fruit
  - much an important part of caravan parks in Australia
  - site-demanding and intolerant of excess moisture
  - suitable for reforestation and are useful for lumber and masts
  - tall and the leaves are always green
  - vigorous, productive and spreading
* are vital for the atmosphere
  - in the creation and continuance of almost all life on Earth
  - vital, functional parts of our communities, our homes and yards, and our lives
  - vulnerable to drought and other vagaries of weather
* are well adapted to losing their lower limbs
  - outdoor conditions because that's where they live
  - leafed-out and many birds have returned for the summer
  - what make our climate livable
  - wood and wood is essentially carbon that was once carbon dioxide
* are woody plants which continue growing until they die
  - young and rare, yet can still be a hindrance
  - birds, butterflies and other wildlife
  - cedar waxwings, mockingbirds, robbins and many other birds
  - insects, birds and mammals to an otherwise sterile suburbia or concrete city
  - lightning because they bring the ground close to the cloud
  - wildlife, offset carbon dioxide production and enhance the environment
* bare their branches quickly.
* bear according to their kind
  - apples or plums far beyond the requirements of seed for reproduc- tion
* bearing fruits or nuts can provide an excellent source of food for many species of wildlife.
* bears at a young age
  - heavily and is long-lived
* beautify farmsteads and provide diversity to the landscape
  - urban and community areas, such as parks, streets and school yards
* become a dominant plant form on continents
  - more vulnerable to permanent injury after mid-season when terminal buds set
  - root-bound, often girdling themselves and choking to death
* become shorter and grow crooked rather than upright, and their leaves are smaller
  - often bent, their response to more extreme weather
  - susceptible to injury when they reach a height of about three feet
  - wide-spreading with age
* begin as epiphytes on host trees
  - producing in the third year
  - to bear five to seven years after planting the root shoot
* begin to bud and plants push up out of the ground
  - as another of nature's growing cycles begins anew
  - flower and bear fruit about four years after planting
  - form fruiting buds at around three years of age
  - lose their leaves, to go into their winter hibernation
  - rot and eventually death happens
* bend and blow in the wind
  - their boughs toward the earth
  - under the weight of the ice
* benefit from mycorrhizae in several ways
  - humanity in many ways
* binary tree with a sibling property.
  - some sunlight and help make different environments within the rain forest
* bloom and set fruit in both spring and fall
  - at a young age and are compact with a dense, rounded form
* bloom, then shed their leaves.
* bordering streams help keep water clear and cool.
* break the fall of heavy rains, encouraging natural filtering into the ground.
* breathe in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen
* bring nutrients from deep within the earth to restore the surface soils with their leaves.
* burn glucose to release energy to power the forces of life.
* burst into flame when fired upon.
* cabling and bracing involves the installation of hardware in trees.
* can act as pumps to reduce the water table and consequent pore water pressure
  - adapt for example to changes in climate over centuries
* can also be air layered but air layering usually takes four to six months to be successful
  - dangerous conductors of electricity
  - bring people together
  - cause problems for some gardens
  - prevent rain from reaching the ground
  - produce savings in cold weather
  - save energy in cold weather
* can be a stimulus to economic development, attracting new business and tourism
  - excellent conductors of electricity
  - important for wildlife, especially squirrels, birds, insects, birds, bats, and lichens
  - more susceptible to being blown down by winds in a logged area
  - thorny and come in male and female gender
  - cause serious damage in a variety of ways
  - coexist near one another without causing damage
  - compartmentalize and contain the spread of infection
  - conserve soil by slowing wind erosion
  - contribute to building and infrastructure damage
  - cut energy costs, too
  - decline over several growing seasons
  - defoliate prematurely
* can fall as can power poles and lines
  - down and soil can run down by wind and water
  - on houses, cars, etc
  - fall, and power lines
  - grow back or re-sprout from the stump and roots of cut trees
  - harbor wasps nests and bee hives
* can have a canopy large enough to shade roofs, reducing cooling costs and increasing comfort
  - branches, called subtrees
  - many uses
* can help direct air movement
  - keep heavy winds and rains from causing soil erosion
  - raise land values during the growth process
* can help reduce temperatures
  - the greenhouse effect in two ways
  - impact our personal health
  - improve air quality by removing pollutants and particulate from the air
  - increase the risk because of the water they take up from the soil
  - join a forest at any time
  - literally drown
  - live for thousands of years
  - meet nearly all human needs
* can move by however much they grow
  - in along with other plants
* can often be the best use of land that is too poor for farming
  - die within months of initial nematode infestation
  - only grow where they are protected from the north winds
  - outgrow early damage if insect numbers are low and growing conditions are good
  - perform many jobs for communities, farms, and ranches
* can play an important role in climate control
  - deadening unwanted noise
  - rural areas
  - prevent flooding, because they sponge up rainfall
  - produce shade, food, firewood or just a beautiful scene
  - protect their own space in a lot of ways
* can provide a haven for birds which, in turn, assist in the control of insects
  - habitat for wildlife and mulch for plants
  - shade in the summer if the trees are properly located
  - useful shade in the summer if properly located
  - raise the water table and cause moisture to condense out of the air
  - rape women
* can reduce summer temperatures significantly
  - temperatures by as much as nine degrees Fahrenheit
  - waterlogging, and erosion caused by water andwind
  - remove incredible amounts of water from the soil
  - screen out noise pollution and reduce stress
  - serve as a living memory to people who have contributed to our society
  - spread vegetatively by means of aerial runners
  - starve to death during long hot, dry periods
  - store energy reserves only in living cells
  - take a hundred years or more to replace
  - talk in both the human world and here
* can tolerate heavy wet soils
  - minor flooding, but have low tolerance for salts, boron and lawn herbicides
  - twist as they grow to the left or to the right
  - usually survive such defoliation, but with reduced growth
  - vary very much
  - withstand extended drought, and up to six months of inundation
  - work as a natural barrier to noise, dust and smoke
* capture dust and microorganisms
  - rainfall and help recharge drinking water sources
  - solar energy, use carbon dioxide, and produce oxygen and the miracle of wood
* change colors according to complex chemical formulas.
* clean and purify existing air as well as manufacture oxygen
  - carbon dioxide from the air and make oxygen
* clean our air of many air pollutants, including carbon dioxide, an important greenhouse gas
  - water and make it safe for drinking, boating, and swimming
* clean the air by trapping dust, pollen, and smoke
  - air, reduce noise, create privacy and can increase a property's value
* climb like ladders and no top limbs snap.
* come in all shapes and sizes
  - different shapes and sizes
* come in many shapes and sizes and are located in all types of locations and terrain
  - shapes, such as round, oval, spreading, vase-shaped, pyramidal or narrow
* compensate for shallow rooting by increased spread of root systems.
* compete for sunlight so selection favors trees to become higher and higher
  - with grasses for light, water, and nutrients
* connect in synergistic ways with many other organisms.
* conserve other resources.
* consist largely of water tupelo, Carolina ash, and blackgum.
* consist of nodes and paths
* constantly clean our air and recycle our water.
* consume about a quart of water a day.
* contain a large amount of moisture which absorbs microwave energy
  - lot of water, which when burned, turns into water vapor and increases humidity
  - both heartwood and sapwood
* continue to live for hundreds of years, even after being lumbered.
* contribute a sense of natural beauty in landscapes dominated by buildings and roads.
* contribute to a clean, healthy environment in other ways as well
  - our lives and communities in many ways
  - the beauty and character of the local landscape
  - thousands of products that are essential to every-day living
* convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, replenishing the atmosphere
* cool our cities, filter the air, buffer noise and provide homes and food for wildlife.
* cool the air and add moisture to it
  - by shading and through water evaporation
  - earth and suck up air pollution
  - local environment, mitigating the effects of hot temperatures and conserving energy
* cover almost two thirds of the state
  - the surface of the island, but are limited in height by the shallow topsoil
* create a sense of privacy in urban environments
  - feelings of relaxation and well being in humans
  - much more biomass and produce much more oxygen than microbial ecosystems
  - organic matter on the soil surface from their leaf litter
* crowns intercept wind-driven cloud moisture on leaves and branches that drip to the ground.
* damaged by gas leaks initially exhibit sparse, stunted, yellow-green foliage.
* dance with colors of parrots and toucans
  - without the wind
* decline in vigor and the crown gradually dies back
  - over several seasons
  - slowly for no apparent reason and the fungus slowly rots the wood
* define many biomes.
* depend on bats to drop seeds
  - perfect conditions
  - the leaves for manufacturing food
  - upon water, soil nutrients, sunlight, and air for growth
* desire sunshine
* develop a basic vase shape while leaves are dark green with a medium-fine texture
  - positive emotions and reduce negative coloured like fear, anxiety and depression
  - root systems that extend above the anaerobic level to find oxygen
* develop thick barks
  - trunks and strong roots in response to the stress of bending in the wind
* develops interesting bark as it grows and the showy fruits are edible.
* diaries interest children in learning about nature.
* die and new trees grow
  - rot down to return many nutrients to the soil
  - as a natural part of life in the forest
  - of old age and disease just as humans do
  - quickly, in a few weeks for small trees and a few years for large trees
* die within a year or two
  - five years of infection
* die, topple over, and eventually become part of the soil again.
* dies within a year, branch by branch.
* differ though they grow in the same orchard.
* display standard growth habits and generally bears well
  - very vigorous growth with high precocity
* do attract or cause rainfall to occur
  - best when there is time for the soil to drain and dry slightly between irrigations
  - conduct electricity when struck by lightning
  - indeed fall and kill people
  - live in urban environments but it is very difficult
  - more than just give off oxygen and look pretty
  - seem to have a reach a certain stage of maturity before the blossoms can form
* do, and that's how they remain tall in the foulest of weather.
* don t grow with sticks of graphite at their core
  - shed tin cans
* draw close, borne by rising ground
  - water to great heights by wicking, assisted by evaporation of water from the leaves
* drink at least a gallon of water on the first day, and a quart or two per day after that.
* drip water for days, for weeks, and the soil absorbs it through root systems.
* dying from Nectria infection usually have a distinct appearance when viewed from a distance
  - natural, essential stage in the life cycle of a forest
* earn their humble altitudes in shadow.
* eat carbon dioxide, which prevents global warming.
* emit hydrocarbons called terpenes.
* enhance our environment
  - the aesthetics of our environment
  - urban areas, improving the quality of life
* enrich the soil and supply the world with oxygen.
* eventually die from litteleaf
  - die, and their roots decay and rot
  - form successive rolls of callus around cankers
* exhibit an astonishing range of colors
  - certain annular growth patterns, depending on the species
* exhibiting wilt symptoms often develop reddish-orange to deep red colored leaves.
* exist in the spaces left over after other infrastructure is in place.
* experience damage
  - significant damage
* experiencing dieback can live for many more decades.
* exudes a rosin-like gum known commercially as South American copal.
* fail to assert dominance, so willow stands periodically stagnate.
* fall and new ones grow out of the same ground
  - flat and turn to fossils
* fall over all the time
  - in the winter times when the ash soils are saturated with water
* fall, and other species grow.
* felled by the rice-sized insects become dangerous fuels for wildfire.
* filter many agricultural, household and industrial pollutants
  - out dangerous pollutants that can damage our lungs
  - the air and make it clean
* flee and animals collapse.
* flower and grow during the spring and summer growing season
  - throughout the year, peaking in spring and summer
* follow a cyclic pattern of life and apparent death
  - same patterns
* form a canopy overhead, filtering the subaqueous light
  - valuable part of the urban environment
  - callous tissue around the margin of scars, and gradually add new wood and bark
* forming due only to high electrical stress are electrical trees
  - to exposure to water are electro-chemical or water tress
* frequently send up suckers from the roots.
* generally add to property value, up to about twenty percent
  - become established in forest openings created from a disturbance
  - take longer to grow to maturity and cost more
* generate vasts amounts of oxygen.
* get adequate water
  - sick and develop problems that endanger their survival
  - sufficient water
  - their carbon from carbon dioxide in the air
* get their energy by a process that traps the energy of the sun in a molecule called glucose
  - from the sun
* give animals life
  - fruit, cows offer milk, bees make honey, rivers supply water, and the sun provides light
* give off moisture
  - water through their leaves in a process called transpiration
  - oxygen as well as plankton living in the ocean
* go from apparently healthy, with green foliage, to dead in a single season.
* go through a natural cycle of growth and decay
  - their cycle of dormancy, growing foliage and then dropping their leaves
* gradually decline in health
  - decline, wilt, and die
  - lose vigor over a period of years
* groan under the weight of ferns, mosses, vines and bromeliads.
* grow a new ring each year
  - all over the world
  - the river banks and in the cities where they have been planted
* grow and change and dissipate like their airborne cousins
  - fall into power lines
  - provide shade and shelter to living things
  - stay alive for centuries, providing oxygen, shade and beauty for generations
  - store carbon in small amounts each year
  - then lie dormant
* grow at a very fast rate so some have to be chopped down
  - best in deep, alluvial soils with high water-holding capacity
* grow by adding new layers of wood on the trunk and branches each year
  - producing new cells in a very limited number of places
  - close together in the rain forest
  - down as well as up
  - far differently in the northeast than the northwest
  - faster in the spring and slower in the fall
  - higher than anything else, yet they remain firmly rooted
* grow in a variety of sizes and shapes, as shown below
  - green wreaths of grass and fern
  - height as a result of meristems that are located at their branch tips
  - impossible nooks and crannies
  - open stands on dry sunny ridges
  - some of the tundra
* grow in the soil
  - stream bed
  - woods and rocky hills in moist, well-drained soils
  - leaves in the spring to provide nourishment, beauty, and shade all summer long
  - leaves, Beautiful flowers start to popl New birds come out, they fly all day
  - limbs, which fall to the forest floor as the tree matures
  - more slowly but are well protected as they grow
* grow new leaves
  - rings every year, and the thickness is affected by climate
  - old and get sick
* grow on a farm in the southeastern United States
  - the relatively thin soils of the valley sides
  - top like a crown
  - only from the mountain
  - out in very cold weather, and go dormant at a certain temperature
  - poorly in tropical areas, except at high altitudes
  - quietly without pomposity and hype, confident in their purpose and function
* grow rapidly, and under the timber culture act, immense quantities are being planted
  - often three to four feet or more in a single growing season
  - remarkably fast from seedlings
  - shorter until they simply stop growing
  - tall in order to get above the competition for access to sunlight
  - taller than any other living things
  - throughout the world from the far north to the far south
  - toward the sun
  - under weight
* grow up straight and have a main stem called trunk
  - using photosynthesis, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen
* grow very quickly in the temperate south and tropical north of Western Australia
  - slowly because of the scarcity of nutrients in the soil and because of low rainfall
  - well on the hills, especially the upper slopes where the rainfall is higher
  - where the audience once watched plays and listened to concerts
  - wherever adequate groundwater is available for the major portion of the year
  - with surprising rapidity, and the wild grasses of the prairie grow to great luxuriance
* grow within their means, or within the limits of their environment
* grow, are cut, and grow again
  - produce leaves, flowers and fruits under such an order
* growing alone or in small clusters are also part of the savanna biome.
* growing alongside streams and rivers has a byproduct
  - hold soil in place with their roots
  - at the same time, under the same conditions, have similar patterns
  - branches in a predominately vertical direction are poor choices for large groups
  - further inland, however, become semi-evergreen, losing some leaves in fall and winter
* growing in California add one annual ring per year
  - drought-prone soils grow more slowly than under more fertile conditions
  - forest soils have abundant mycorrhizae
  - lawns benefit from fertilizers used on the lawn
  - low areas and near hickory trees are more likely to be infested
  - moist and low situations afford the most sap, though the least proportion of sugar
  - such soils usually have shallow root systems
  - near a factory often have a lot of dust on their leaves
* growing on poorly drained soils are particularly prone to frost cracks
  - public land are public property
* grown for excessive periods in a container often have a pot-bound root system.
* grown in plantations are subject to root rot
  - poorer sites also seem to color less and usually earlier
  - on sandy soils generally require more fertilizer than on loamy or clay soils
* grows so large that it has to shed it's bark almost continuously as it is growing.
* habitats with their associated shrubbery attract a wide variety of insects which bats prey on.
* has ellipsoidal shape
  - thorns and invasive roots
* has very large, heart-shaped leaves
  - unique branching form
* have a better chance to repel insect pests if there is sufficient water to form sap
  - deep and extensive root system as compared to annual plants
  - life expectancy like humans
  - lifecycle that includes birth, growth, injury, disease, aging, and death
  - lifespan just like everything else
  - major impact on every other living thing in the forest
  - natural life span
  - ratty appearance
  - root, To keep the soil put
  - tendancy to block the microwave signals
  - tremendous influence on society
  - wide variety of sizes and shapes and growth habits
* have an amazing ability to recover from storm damage
  - diversity of adaptation to fires
  - effect on our air quality
  - unending source of medicines
  - urge to spread their genes
  - both protective processes and protective organs
  - break limbs
  - buds nested inside other buds
  - canopy width
  - chances
  - characteristics
* have complex relationships with the rest of the forest community
  - components
  - coverage
  - dark green crown with a triangular shape
  - different color, shape and size leaves as well
  - distinctive characteristics by which they can be identified
  - four ways to spread their seeds
* have growth and rest periods
  - rings, so do seals teeth
  - higher longitudinal growth strains in their stems than in their roots
  - horizontal fruiting branches
  - identical characteristics
  - importance beyond their beauty and utility
  - lateral roots that spread out from the tree and cover a broad area
  - leaves that turn color and fall off
  - lichen coverage
  - life-giving value
  - lives too
  - long lives, and changes in forests often happen slowly
  - main trunks to support their leaf crowns
* have many ecological stages
  - important benefits in addition to their esthetics
  - roles in the environment
  - moderate vigour and are prone to over cropping
  - more roots than they have branches
  - names like jackfruit, aswattha, banyan, jamarul, cashew
  - no healing system, in the sense of restoring injured and infected tissues
* have other basic nutritional requirements that are necessary for proper development
  - benefits that people take for granted
  - protective organs located at the juncture with every branch
  - remarkable built-in defenses against rot
  - replacement values
  - roots, and sunflowers, and tomato plants
  - rougher bark, more persistent spurs, and more numerous flowers than European types
  - shallow, widespread root systems and a huge, persistent biomass to support
  - sparse leaf cover
* have specific requirements
  - site requirements
* have superior protection
  - swell trunks
* have the ability to undergo secondary growth and produce a woody body
  - disadvantage of requiring time to grow to an effective height
  - longest root systems
  - their roots in the ground and their trunk and branches extended towards the sky
  - thorns and eventually have light gray smooth bark that breaks up into plates with age
  - three main parts - the leaves, the trunk and the roots
  - to be cut down, then dried during a period of several months, to be ready for burning
  - unique properties
  - value for the economy and the environment
  - whole communities of other organisms associated with each type
  - widely differing responses to temperature
  - yield seeds
* have, therefore, ears and do hear.
* heal pruning wounds quicker and better if the cut is made just outside of branch collar.
  - bring good insects to gardens
* help clean our air
  - the air and water, they provide habitat and shelter
* help clean the air by absorbing and storing carbon, removing it from the atmosphere
  - removing poisonous gasses and particulates such as dusts and pollens
  - of pollutants and provide safe homes for birds, owls, and squirrels
  - air, trap carbon dioxide and generate life-giving oxygen
  - cleanse the environment
  - conserve energy
  - create relaxation and well being
  - discourage vandalism, graffiti, and violence
  - draw neighborhoods together
  - hillside gardens keep their soil in place
  - hold the soil, controlling eroson and siltation
* help keep the water temperature low, which helps keep dissolved oxygen in the water high
  - water cool which is critical for fish populations
  - maintain the integrity of land and their absence makes land vulnerable to harsh weather
* help moderate air temperature extremes
  - temperature extremes and offset poor air quality
  - people a lot because they provide wood to make boats to provide transportation
* help prevent erosion and soil from getting into the city's water supply
  - soil erosion, help modify temperatures, and act as windbreaks
  - protect the soil from erosion
  - provide clean water and prevent floods
  - recharge ground water and sustain streamflow
* help reduce stress
  - traffic noise from freeways
* help remove or trap lung damaging dust, ash and pollen
  - pollutants from the atmosphere that can damage humans
  - soften the urban environment and make our cities better places to live
* help to conserve both land and water resources
  - curb the effects of wind, rain, heat, cold and noise
  - enhance public spaces and contribute positively to a community s image
  - moderate temperature extremes and off-set poor air quality
  - prevent flooding, keep the soil healthy and curb soil erosion
  - turkeys because they are shy birds
  - with erosion control
* here are largely deciduous, shedding their leaves in the dry season.
* hold more carbon than crops
  - soil in place and can deter mudslides and flooding
* hold the soil in place and keep it from washing into the creeks
  - together and help it absorb rain
  - soil, prevent erosion and provide shade for cattle
* improve air quality by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen
  - reducing airborne carbon
  - trapping and holding dust particles
* improve our air by capturing pollution particles in leaves and reducing carbon dioxide
  - psychological well-being and enhance our quality of life
  - quality of life in several important ways
  - property values and the quality of our lives
  - quality of life, build community spirit, reduce crime, and help control urban sprawl
  - soil quality as their leaf litter makes perfect compost
* improve the environment by cleaning our air and water
  - with their beauty and grace
* include gymnosperms
  - live oak
* includes bark
  - cell membranes
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - leaf nodes
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - tree branches
  - treetops
  - xylem
* increase economic stability by attracting and keeping businesses and shoppers in a community
  - in value from the time they are planted until they mature
* increase the value of property
  - real estate
* infected by the beetles develop a popcorn-shaped pox on their trunks.
* inhale poisonous carbon dioxide and exhale life supporting oxygen.
* intercept and absorb storm water, reducing runoff and soil erosion.
* intercept water, store some of it, reduce storm run-off and the possibility of flooding
  - reduce storm runoff and the possibility of flooding
* is almost always ornamental in the landscape.
* is an annual bearer, strong, very vigorous, upright and spreading
  - upright, vigorous grower
  - attractive especially when fruiting, compact, and productive
  - considered to be a noxious weed in Florida
  - covered in creamy cylindrical flower spikes in late spring
* is deciduous , needles turning golden and falling off in fall
  - and flowers appear in spring prior to foliage
  - dioecious
  - easy to grow, hardy, drought resistant, virtually pest and disease free
  - fairly adaptable to soils and weather
  - inoculated with blue stain fungi
  - many-branched, yet narrow and upright
  - medium to vigorous, spreading, annual cropping
  - most attractive when lower limbs left to the ground to hide numerous fallen leaves and pods
  - small to medium, with very slender, willowy branches, almost thornless, and slim leaves
  - speckled with dolphins, shells and iridescent rhinestones
  - tolerant to fireblight
  - very large and upright, bears at a young age
* is vigorous and produces at an early age
  - spreading, and produces heavy crops
  - vigorous, spreading, and very resistant to fireblight
* kangaroos dwell mainly in mountainous rainforests
  - primarily eat tree leaves
* keep growing, mosses are rich green, and most animals never completely hibernate.
* keep our air breathable by removing carbon dioxide and pollutants
  - supply fresh by absorbing carbon dioxide
  - soil from eroding and absorb storm runoff
  - the water from running off the land too quickly and help control floods
  - water cool enough to support fish and other wildlife
* killed by drought, insects, or pathogens create abundant fuel that exacerbates fire hazard
  - fire provide shelter for birds and other animals
* know as Conifers have woody cone and needles.
* lack vigor, decline.
* leave grass when plucked.
* leaves in full color then turn brown and fall to the ground.
* let birds nest and play there.
* like all plants carry on the process of photosynthesis.
* lined groves provide lots of shade to hide from the sun.
* lining the river are hosts to large Queensland fruit bats as well as many birds.
* live anywhere from a few years to thousands of years.
  - cavities or hollows
  - without consciousness, without a mind
* located on rocky hillsides and in very wet sites are less nutrient rich.
* look like trees, and animals like animals.
* lose a lot of moisture through their leaves
  - their foliage, caterpillars crawl everywhere, and their droppings rain from the trees
* lose their leaves before they freeze
  - in order to grow tender new ones
* lower our urban temperature thus slowing the creation of ozone
  - temperatures, provide oxygen, and help filter the air
* make a world of difference when it comes to the quality of life in a community
  - communities livable for people
  - food by photosynthesis which can absorb the carbon dioxide and release the oxygen
  - good hiding places
* make life more pleasant by softening harsh outlines of buildings
  - pollen and then grow up and make seeds
  - shade for everyone
* make the air feel cooler by releasing water vapor from their leaves
  - land fertile and help prevent floods
* make their own food through the process of photosynthesis
  - towns and cities more livable, and help foster a sense of community
  - wood so they can reach as high as possible to collect more sunlight than their neighbors
* mature slowly.
* may have flowers
  - perfect flowers
* move in the wind, lightning bolts crash, and strange noises send shivers up their spines.
* naturally extract greenhouse gases from the atmosphere while providing habitat for wildlife
  - strive to grow straight and tall
* need air
* never reach the sky, but they keep growing in that direction.
* now grow from what was once the inside of a building
  - limit visibility in the summer
* occupy different strata in the forest
  - naturally only along riverbanks
* offer good anchors and protection in avalanche terrain only if they are close together.
* often appear scorched by midsummer
  - appears to have a soft blue tint
  - bear some fruit the first year
  - blow over on the edge of clearcuts
  - cedars or pines in farm groves, city lots, orchards or deep woods
  - contract fusarium
  - contribute significantly to the character of conservation areas
  - develop multiple stems
* often die from the top down
  - when they become infested
  - establish symbiotic relationships with fungi
  - grow in clumps
* often have limited rooting space and are similar to large potted plants
  - prop or stilt roots
  - thin bark from close planting in the nursery
  - occur in seasonally flooded alluvial flats and adjacent to salt lakes, on clays
  - produce less starch during droughts
  - ruin sidewalks, and sidewalk repair often kills trees
* only grow to be cut down
  - store carbon for a short period of time
  - more or less continuously
* outgrow pots.
* pangolins live in the rain forests of Central Africa.
* plant in countries
  - themselves wherever they want, and rivers run down however they please
* planting around wetland and river systems can reduce soil and chemical runoff.
* play a critical role in governing runoff rates
  - reducing air pollution in urban environments
  - crucial role in anchoring down topsoil and slowing down the force of winds
  - huge role in the health of our neighborhoods
  - major role in our way of life
  - role in the water cycle
  - significant role in reducing erosion and moderating the climate
  - unique role in the global carbon cycle
  - valuable role in improving urban air quality
  - an essential role in the health of streams and rivers
* play an important role in almost all ceremonies, especially their leaves, fruit and roots
  - producing oxygen from carbon dioxide
  - regulating the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
  - sustaining a healthy environment
* play an important role in the Town's quality of life
  - carbon cycle, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
  - important roles in communities by providing beauty, shade and fresh air
  - several roles in maintaining a healthy watershed
* pollinate during early spring and grasses during late spring
  - early, but have limited seasons
  - in late winter and spring
* pollinate in the late winter and spring, and grasses pollinate in the late spring and summer
  - spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall
* pollinated by animals tend to have large flowers to attract the animals.
* prefer deep and infrequent applications of water
  - watering
* prevent both drought and flood
  - wind and water erosion
* prevent or reduce soil erosion
  - water pollution
  - soil erosion, enhance soil fertility and maintain soil moisture
  - the advance of decay with internal barriers
* produce a delicious fruit too, and the fruits are born during the early to late spring
  - best quality fruit
  - better-quality fruits if given regular moisture during fruit formation
  - enormous amounts of pollen, which can travel up to hundreds of miles
* produce flowers which, in turn, produce pollen
  - with male and female parts
  - fruit, nuts, and seeds that feed people and wildlife alike
* produce good mast crops
  - seed crops about every other year
  - masses of yellow flowers in spring
  - most of the oxygen on Earth
* produce oxygen by absorbing carbon dioxide from the air
  - for our lives
  - popular products
  - rings of various thickness annually in response to rainfall
  - seed crops in most years in Central America
  - seeds of many shapes, sizes, and colors
  - shade and cooling in the summer
  - substances that kill disease-carrying germs just like antibodies
  - thousands of seed, many more than are needed
* produces a large edible fruit which contains an oil- producing nut used for culinary purposes
  - edible nuts with a high oil content
* protect from the wind
  - soil and water, and slow global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide
* protect the soil against erosion and reduce the risks of landslides and avalanches
  - and crops from damaging, erosive, and drying winds
* provide a buffer that is essential to a habitable environment for all plants and animal life
  - myriad of economic and environmental benefits to our communities
  - protective physical and psychological barrier between pedestrians and traffic
  - additional protection
  - ample shade, enhance the skyline, and create habitat for birds and other wildlife
  - benefits for humans and wildlife alike
  - birds with food, cover, nest sites and song posts
  - both economic value and environmental benefits
  - buffers to noise pollution, while increasing the wildlife population
  - clean water and natural flood control
  - cleaner air by removing carbon dioxide, releasing oxygen and trapping pollutants
  - cover and food for wildlife such as deer and squirrels
  - direct and indirect economic benefits to property owners, communites and regions
  - enormous environmental benefits
  - essential habitat features for birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and insects
  - everything - food, clothing and shelter
* provide excellent food sources
  - extra protection
* provide food and shelter for desirable wildlife
  - wildlife and protect the soil from erosion
  - to wildlife too
  - for people too
  - in the form of fruits, nuts, leaves, bark, and roots
  - food, shade, and protection for growing fish
* provide habitat for a large variety of wildlife
  - variety wildlife, birds and insects throughout the year
  - birds and some animals and food for both animals and humans
* provide habitats for animals and birds that eat crop pests and insects
  - hiding places for animals
* provide homes and shelter for birds and other animals
  - for many animals
  - humans and other organisms with shelter and food
  - important resources
  - jobs for people
  - leaves and woody debris that are used by aquatic life for food and habitat
* provide many gifts to all living things on earth
  - types of living places and food for animals
  - medicine and fruit for local populations, and they also clean the air and water
  - natural settings for nests as well as perches for social interaction
  - nest sites for birds
  - nesting sites for a variety of animals
  - numerous environmental, social and economic benefits for people
  - oxygen and also help absorb pollutants from entering waterways
* provide primary food sources
  - privacy and help reduce noise and glare
  - protection of soil and water quality and wildlife habitat
* provide shade and beauty for our eyes
  - cool the air through evaporation
  - cooling of streams, which is essential to fish and other aquatic life
  - help keep the water cool
  - shelter, reducing yearly heating and cooling costs significantly
* provide shade for livestock, important to their health and productivity in hot, dry areas
  - salmon, keeping the water cool
  - the weary and healing for the sick
* provide shade in the summer and block cold winds in the winter
  - protects from the wind in the winter
* provide shade in the summer to help cool our homes
  - help keep our homes cool
* provide shade, a natural setting for a home, and walls and a ceiling for outdoor living areas
  - and homes for beautiful birds
  - beauty and protection from harsh winter
  - minimizing evaporation and providing natural cooling
  - reducing air temperature and soil moisture evaporation
  - which helps maintain cooler water temperatures during the summer
  - windbreaks, and wind channels
  - shelter and attract a diverse range of insect species for bats to feed on
* provide shelter and food for animals
  - wildlife and wood products for man
  - to a variety of birds and other wildlife
  - from climate and predators
* provide shelter from the sun
  - weather and bugs
  - shelter, food, and things for all species of animals on - including humans
  - sufficient moisture
* provide the primary food source to the aquatic system
  - wood products used in making homes, furniture, and paper products
  - timber for building, paper-making and fuel
  - urban habit for wildlife, including songbirds and small animals
* provide valuable habitats
  - shade in hot climates and seasons and they give shelter in winter
* provide wildlife habitat for birds and small animals
  - birds, mammals and reptiles
* pull in the carbon dioxide animals exhale and produce the oxygen animals breathe.
* pump water into the air
  - up to their leaves every day
* purify our water and remove pollutants from our air
  - the air and generate oxygen
  - market size
* receive adequate water
* receiving regular applications of essential nutrients look better and live longer.
* recharge groundwater and sustain stream flow.
* record many events or processes that influence annual growth patterns.
* recover rapidly after branches are lopped off for fuel.
* reduce air pollution through absorption of gases and interception of particulates
  - air-conditioning costs, reducing dependency on oil
  - costs of using our resources
  - energy costs, pollution, noise, and water erosion
  - erosion, runoff, and water pollution
  - forage production by competing for soil moisture, nutrients and light
  - glare from buildings
* reduce heating and cooling costs
  - costs by providing shelter from wind and cold
* reduce noise pollution by absorbing and blocking urban noise
  - acting as a buffer and absorbing urban noise
  - noise, dust and air pollution
  - pollution by locking up carbon and filtering air
* reduce stormwater flow by intercepting rainfall and slowing overland runoff
  - rainwater on leaves, branches and trunks
* reduce the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide, helping to reduce global warming
  - temperature in urban environments by casting shade and creating humidity
  - wind speed and cool the air by transpiring water from their leaves
* regenerate readily from coppice.
* releaf following heavy rains.
* release an incredible amount of pollen to improve the odds of finding a female flower.
* release oxygen for people to breathe
  - in to the atmosphere and take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
* rely on fungi to live and grow
* remove carbon dioxide from the air naturally
  - through a process known as carbon sequestration
* remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, produce oxygen, and provide shelter
  - thereby helping to prevent global warming
* remove dust and particles from the air, including dangerous heavy metals
  - pollution from the air
  - little soil water during times of critical farming activities
  - ozone from the air at a rapid rate
* represent forests
  - human beings
  - one of the largest causes of power outages in California
* require a large leaf surface area to provide food for maintenance and growth
  - variety of age structures and species for a woodland eco-system to work
  - adequate light, moisture and nutrients to survive
  - basic maintenance
  - calcium to form wood
  - carbon dioxide and release oxygen
  - certain nutrients to function and grow
  - decades to grow while hemp matures in about a hundred days
  - food, just like animals and people
  - free circulation of air and a sunny position
  - organization, too
  - watering every three to four weeks during a drought
* resist the entry of wood-rotting organisms by forming barriers
  - spread of injury and infection through the process of compartmentalization
* respond effectively to their wounds without the aid of additional chemicals.
* respond to temperature, rainfall and other environmental conditions by altering growth
  - the ever changing environment, and to injuries and infections
  - well to the leaf mulch like that found on the forest floor
* save energy and money
  - through cooling in the hotter months
  - farms, as well as filtering the air and water and providing animals with homes
* seal better and faster naturally, without any pruning paints.
* seek out the good soil in order to stretch ever higher in their growth.
* seem to experience the most effect, probably because of longer lifetimes
  - fall with unnerving frequency during droughts
* send sap to the topmost branches that are warmed by the sun
  - their roots deep into the ground in order to withstand a storm
  - water through their trunks and out their leaves
* serve as a major food source for large animals
  - living and silent sentries to history
* serve to continuously sustain rather than periodically rebuild soils
  - reduce noise pollution and help to reduce stormwater runoff
* shade a stream and maintain normal temperature
  - and cool the water
  - streams, absorb excess nutrients, stabilize stream banks, and provide homes for animals
  - the stream, and help maintain cool water temperatures
  - leaves every fall because the chlorophyll in the leaves breaks down
* shed their leaves each year for a variety of reasons
  - in the dry season to conserve water
* shelter and nourish wildlife
  - crops and soil surfaces from drying winds and intense sun
  - small Tibetan villages, each having a temple or monastery
  - wildlife, slow rainfall runoff, muffle noise and provide privacy
* show classifications
  - early symptoms
  - first signs of regeneration
  - many growth forms, leaf type and shape, bark traits and organs
  - reduced growth, an unhealthy appearance, and possibly nutritional deficiency symptoms
  - severe symptoms
  - similar symptoms
  - the undersides of their leaves
* showing conspicuous damage from egg laying include oak, hickory, ash, and dogwood
  - early fall color include sourwood, pin cherry, flowering dogwood and yellow birch
* shrink in diameter at midday.
* slow and reduce the flow of surface water, reducing soil erosion
  - down water as it surges both to and from land and dwellings
  - erosion and help maintain soil quality and they provide habitat for wildlife
* soak up and store water from season to season, slowly releasing moisture during dry periods.
* species diversity in logged rain forests
  - important to turkeys include a variety of oaks
  - response to release from domestic livestock grazing
  - stratificationin relation to allometry and demography in a warm-temperate rain forest
* sprout forth new leaves and buds
* stabilize soil and help prevent damaging erosion
* stand against all circumstances that the winter season can generate
  - erect against most wind and flood conditions
  - for the cycle of life
  - on spots and hold arms outstretched to sides
  - out like colored lollipops during the fall, affording shade on hot days
  - tall with their arms extended in the air
* start from seeds grown in seedbeds, sometimes in a special glass house called a greenhouse
  - out as seeds, grow tall, then die, nourishing the forest floor so other plants can grow
  - producing in three years for some varieties
  - showing initial signs of a wilt condition, including needle discoloration
  - with a small amount of woody material and many leaves for photosynthesis
* starts to grow seeds.
* stop abruptly at the valleys where glaciers left their stony, inhospitable soil
  - breathing
* store food in twigs and limbs
* sucker readily from roots and also graft easily.
* suffer damage
  - long term damage
  - severe damage and often die
* suffering from stress conditions are more prone to severe injury.
* supply clean water, food, wildlife habitat, wood products and spiritual rejuvenation
  - fungi with carbohydrates from photosynthesis
* support lizards and insects, which themselves support birds and monkeys.
* survive damage
* swallows naturally nest in cavities, which explains why they so readily use nest boxes
  - nest in loose, semicolonial associations
* take care of our soil and water
  - it better if they re transplanted when dormant, before the buds break
  - our carbon dioxide and make it into oxygen
  - the carbon out of the air and put it into storage
  - time to grow from seed, and they last a long time, too
* take up carbon
  - great amounts of water through their roots and evaporate it into the air
  - large quantities of water from the soil
* take up water from the soil and lose it to the atmosphere through their leaves
  - through their root system
  - years to grow and only minutes to cut down
* talk and dance in the wind.
* tend to alternate bear.
* tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old
  - scattered but form dense forests in some areas
  - younger, smaller, and more uniform in species composition
* tend to die back gradually
  - flower after a long drought season
* tend to grow close together providing shelter and water for many kinds of plants and animals
  - near other trees
  - have more carbon than grasses and shrubs
  - overbear
  - produce thick blankets of insulation to protect their roots
  - toward alternate bearing especially if fruit are harvested late in the season
* tends to be straighter and less scraggly in appearance than pitch pine.
  - swampy areas and on hillsides having high rainfall
  - underground and fresh air is plentiful
* thus are important in reducing flooding.
* to absorb sunlight.
* to produce flower fruit
  - viable seeds
  - survive in habitats
* tolerate conditions
* tops bend into question marks under the weight of the snow.
* transform into white ghosts, heavily snow-laden down to the smallest branch.
* trap the rain and allow it slowly to percolate into the soil.
* trimming is an Olympic event.
* trunks with attached root masses are the dominant large debris type.
* tumble down wooded slopes where their branches kiss the water.
* turn reddish-brown in late spring or summer following the previous summers successful attacks
  - their leaves into yellow, red or various brown
* universally symbolize life, calling to mind family trees.
* use a lot of water when placed indoors
* use carbon dioxide and emit oxygen
  - dioxide, replenish oxygen and hold soil in place
  - energy reserves during refoliation and are eventually weakened
  - nitrogen and phosphous as nutrients
  - sap to make leaves, flowers and fruit
  - sugar as food for growth and energy
  - up excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and turn it into life-giving oxygen
  - water all year
* usually bear no fruit and die within a year
  - decay from the inside, forming a cavity
* usually die in a short time
  - within one year after infection
* usually dies before spring
  - have a contorted and multistemmed appearance
  - require pruning at some point, often quite high
  - show signs when they are sick just like humans
  - survive unless they are subject to other severe stresses, such as a drought
  - thrive with a minimum amount of interference
* vary in color, appearance and odor
  - individual size and in the size and sweetness of their fruit
  - size and vigor, and the crop size varies from year to year
  - susceptibility to the parasite
  - the amount of thinning they can tolerate without creating ill effects
  - their ability to tolerate repeated wounding
  - water requirements
  - significantly in their tolerances to construction damages
* wall off annual cankers in a year's time.
* wash in, deep holes fill in, and shallow runs wash out to become deep holes.
* weaken and eventually die.
* weakened by defoliation can become more susceptible to other pests
  - disease are more susceptible to winter injury
  - fire also contribute to increasing beetle populations
* will have roots
* withdraw water from the soil through transpiration.
* wither and die.
+ Amber, Amber in geology: Minerals
  * To end up as amber, the starting resin must resist decay. Many trees produce resin, but usually it is broken down by physical and biological process. Exposure to weather tends to disintegrate resin, assisted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. For resin to survive long enough to become amber, it must resist such forces, or be produced under conditions that exclude them. Life in amber'.
+ Deforestation, Cause of deforestation: Forests :: Environmental issues
  * Trees are also important for storing carbon. Deforestation causes the carbon in the trees to go into the air again, and this causes more carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, deforestation causes global warming.
+ Hovenia dulcis, Ecology: Rosales
  * The plant grows well in both shade and light. This plant is resistant to cold, but not the dry. This plant is also resistant to pollution, so it thrives in cities and other industrial areas. The seeds are sown from February to March. Most trees begin to bud two years after they are planted.
+ Root, Aerial roots: Plant anatomy
  * Some trees have roots that are above the ground 'and' underground. They exchange gases with the atmosphere, just as leaves do. They are an adaptation to the poor level of oxygen in the waterlogged soil of the mangrove swamp. BBC Books, London.
+ Tree, Classification
  * A tree is a plant form that can be found in many different orders and families of plants. Trees show many growth forms, leaf type and shape, bark traits and organs
  * Trees are similar to people. Both can take a lot of some types of damage and survive, but even small amounts of certain types of trauma can result in death. Arborists are very aware that established trees will not tolerate any appreciable disturbance of the root system. Even though that is true, most people and construction professionals do not realize how easily a tree can be killed
  - Parts of trees, Exceptions
  * Not all trees have all the organs or parts as mentioned above. For example, most palm trees are not branched, the saguaro cactus of North America has no functional leaves, tree ferns do not produce bark, etc. Based on their general shape and size, all of these are nonetheless generally regarded as trees. Trees can vary very much. Even though that is true, no precise differentiation between shrubs and trees is possible. Given their small size, bonsai plants would not technically be 'trees', but one should not confuse reference to the form of a species with the size or shape of individual specimens. A spruce seedling does not fit the definition of a tree, but all spruces are trees
+ Tundra: Geography :: Biomes
  * In physical geography, 'tundra' is an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. In all of these types, the plants are mostly grass, moss, and lichens. Trees grow in some of the tundra. The boundary between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. The area itself encircles the Arctic Ocean of the Northern Hemisphere. The climate in a tundra biome consists of freezing cold and dryness in the winter and cold summers. The tundra ground is a barren place, often covered with rocks. Most water on the tundra is frozen within the soil.