### action | chemical action:

Chemical reaction
* All chemical reactions are reversible in principle
* All chemical reactions are, in principle, reversible, i.e., they can go in both directions
* All chemical reactions involve a change in substances and a change in energy
  - atoms trying to get a full outer shell of electrons
  - changes in energy distribution
  - making, breaking, and relocating bonds
  - occur between electrons in the outer energy level of atoms
* All chemical reactions proceed in the direction of attaining greater binding energy
  - until a balance is established between reactants and products
  - require an initial input of energy called the energy of activation
* All chemical reactions require energy to begin
  - speed up as temperature is raised
  - tend toward a state of chemical equilibrium
* Every chemical reaction has it's characteristic proportions
  - involves a a. change in the state of the matter in the reactants
  - requires energy to occur
* Many chemical reaction are able to release energy to the surroundings.
* Many chemical reactions are also reversible
  - elementary
* Many chemical reactions give off energy
  - out heat, a byproduct in excess during the molecular rearrangement
  - happen a lot faster at higher temps
  - have products with less chemical energy than the reactants
  - involve an equilibrium process
  - keep an organism alive
  - produce energy in the form of heat
* Many chemical reactions take place in the cytosol
  - uniformly throughout a volume
* More chemical reactions occur in general as a cell increases in volume.
* Most chemical reaction creates compounds
* Most chemical reaction generates energy
  - kinetic energy
  - gives off heat
* Most chemical reaction has properties
  - steps
* Most chemical reaction involves chemical compounds
  - different substances
  - exchanges
* Most chemical reaction involves in energy
  - photosynthesis
  - oxygen
  - is caused by interaction
  - needs energy
  - occurs at temperature
* Most chemical reaction occurs in organisms
  - reductions
* Most chemical reaction occurs under conditions
  - difficult conditions
* Most chemical reaction occurs within normal physiological temperature
* Most chemical reaction produces energy
  - heat energy
  - provides energy
  - relates to activities
* Most chemical reaction requires activation energy
* Most chemical reactions are exothermic
  - involve the breaking and formation of chemical bonds
  - occur in some form of solution
  - take place in solution
* Some chemical reaction absorbs energy
  - affects characteristics
  - boosts metabolism
  - causes explosions
  - changes color
  - destroys ozones
  - has energy
* Some chemical reaction has lower energy
  - total energy
* Some chemical reaction involves addition
  - air pollution
  - breaks
  - elements
  - energy transformation
  - enzymes
  - in respiration
  - light
  - minerals
  - proteins
* Some chemical reaction leads to destruction
  - ozone destruction
* Some chemical reaction occurs in chloroplasts
  - clouds
  - organs
* Some chemical reaction produces acid
  - carbon dioxide
  - carbonic acid
  - electricity
  - radiation
  - shock waves
  - waste products
* Some chemical reaction releases chemical energy
  - electrical energy
  - requires energy input
  - triggers physiological reaction
* Some chemical reactions absorb energy and are called endothermic reactions
  - cause a voltage to appear between the two substances that are reacting
  - give off heat, while others absorb heat and make their container cold
  - release energy, others store energy
  - require the addition of energy such as heat
* appear as functional applications constructing new functions.
* are a necessary condition to life
  - difficult to reverse
  - most intense where the climate is wet and hot
  - often dependent on some electronic parameters of the given molecules
  - pressure-dependent
* are the basis of all chemistry
  - life on earth
  - heart of chemistry
  - where the composition changes
* become increasingly more endergonic.
* can also cause fires in garbage collection trucks
  - create substances that are insoluable in a given liquid
  - be either endothermic or exothermic
  - use up, or produce useful energy
* cause the base layer literally to break down.
* change the taste and style of the tea.
* convert one chemical substance into another
  - some minerals contained in the parent materials into clay minerals
* depend upon such collisions.
* digest the minerals of the protolith which yields new minerals.
* find new ways to live.
* goes on, heats up gas, channelled backwards so that rocket goes forward.
* happen very rapidly.
* has consequences
  - negative consequences
* influence the heart, nervous system, muscles and other areas of the body
  - nervous system, as well as the muscles and other areas of the body
* involve breaking and reforming covalent bonds
  - combining different substances
  - either the transfer or the sharing of electrons between atoms
  - re-organization of the atoms, the way they are bound together
  - reorganization of the atoms-changes in the way they are bound together
  - sharing or exchanging electrons
* involve the breaking and forming of bonds
  - formation or destruction of bonds between atoms
  - physical events
* lack the energy density to efficiently fuel a launcher.
* occur at a rate that depends on temperature
  - faster with the addition of heat, slower without it
* occur in a series of steps called a metabolic pathway
  - nature, and some also can be performed in a laboratory setting
  - much faster here than on the surface of the Earth
* occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged
  - chemicals combine to form new substances
  - new bonds are formed or broken in molecules
  - the metals are being mixed
  - within are bodies, one example is digestion
* oscillate in chaotic fashion.
* proceed more rapidly at higher temperatures.
* process in which one substance is chemically converted to another.
* producing water are common in space.
* progress in the direction of high to low energy.
* rearrange connections between atoms.
* require collisions - the physical impact of the reacting molecules
  - mixing
  - some kind of mixing or diffusion process
* run faster at higher temperatures
  - slowly when it is cold, but quickly when it is hot
* take place, and mineral grains grow.
* take the oxygen out of the water that river life needs
  - starting chemicals and end up with new chemicals
+ Chemical energy: Chemistry
  * Many chemical reactions produce energy in the form of heat. This warmth is sometimes called 'chemical energy'. Using Hess's law it is possible to calculate the amount of energy a chemical reaction produces. Chemical energy should not be confused with binding energy. Binding energy is the work that is needed to split a system of many components into its parts.
+ Fume hood: Laboratory equipment
  * Fume hoods have a large glass window that is opened when a scientist needs to get inside. The window protects the scientist from splashes of chemicals or explosions that could harm them. Most chemical reactions are done inside a fume hood.
+ Tea, Types of tea
  * To make 'black tea' workers take the leaves and spread them out on shelves where they can dry. Next they are rolled and broken into pieces and put into a room where they absorb oxygen. Chemical reactions change the taste and style of the tea. Finally the leaves are dried with hot air until they turn brown or black. Most black tea comes from Sri Lanka, Indonesia and eastern Africa. When black tea leaves are brewed in boiling water, the tea made from them looks deep dark red, so another name used for black tea, especially in China, is 'red tea'.
+ Weathering, Context, What does the weathering?
  * Physical weathering is important in very cold or very dry environments. Chemical reactions are most intense where the climate is wet and hot. However, both types of weathering occur together, and each tends to accelerate the other.