### carbohydrate | lactose:

Lactose intolerance
* affects about half the Earth's population
  - many people
* can also cause gas, but is extremely rare in infants
  - hinder optimal calcium intake
  - lead to inadequate calcium intake
  - make sufferers lives a misery
  - manifest in many strange ways
  - sometimes occur for a period of time after giardial infection
* causes abdominal bloating and discomfort
  - stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhea, and gas
* common problem, especially in elderly persons.
* commonly known food intolerance.
* condition caused by a lack of an enzyme called lactase.
* does cause loose stools.
* is also more common among certain ethnic groups.
* is an example of an adverse food reaction
  - inability to digest the main sugar in milk
  - caused by a lack of lactase
* is common among people from the Mediterranean area
  - and a normal consequence of aging
* is common in Finland
  - adults
  - common, affecting nearly three-quarters of the world's population
* is different for each person
  - than a milk allergy
* is due to an inability to produce lactase, the enzyme that digests milk sugar
  - the lack of b -galactosidase
  - found in both children and adults
  - genetic diseases
  - hereditary
  - illnesses
  - least common among people with a northern European heritage
  - often dose dependent
* is one example of a food intolerance
  - explanation for the gas
  - probably the most well known malady caused by the lack of a disaccharidase
  - still a problem in a lot of humans
* is the body's inability to digest lactose normally
  - lactose, the sugar in milk
* is the inability to break down or digest lactose
  - properly digest milk sugar, also known as lactose
* is the same as being allergic to milk
  - intolerance or allergy to cow's milk protein
  - very common and occasionally is only seen in later ages
* is.more common in certain populations.
* natural process and there is no reliable way to prevent or reverse it.
* non-immunological disease which is due to an enzyme deficiency.
* occurs due to an absence or deficiency of the intestinal enzyme lactase
  - when the body has trouble breaking down the milk sugar
* produces symptoms like bloating and gas.
* takes several forms.
* tends to develop slowly over time.
* varies markedly among various human populations.
* well-studied metabolic disorder.

### carbohydrate:

Monosaccharide
* Most monosaccharides contain atoms
  - carbon atoms
  - exist as cyclic hemiacetals or hemiketals
* Some monosaccharides are modified by cellular enzymes to enhance or change their cellular function
  - find in sugar
  - have a sweet taste
  - pass through walls
* are carbohydrates
  - simple sugars with a carbon backbone of three to seven carbon atoms
  - sweet-tasting solids that are very soluble in water
* are the basic units from which all other carbohydrates are built
  - simplest carbohydrates
  - smallest type of carbohydrate formed by hydrolysis reactions
* can form polymers like starch and glycogen
  - react with alcohols to produce acetals or ketals that are called glycosides
* have a ring-like structure, kind of like a hexagon.
* includes atoms.
* includes chemical chain
  - groups
* is sugar