ontocord/MixtureVitae-genericsKB huggingface dataset:
### animal | arthropod | insect | beetle:

Lady beetle
* Most lady beetles become household pests
* Most lady beetles eat aphids
  - bugs
* Most lady beetles have black spots
* Some lady beetles are black, often with red markings
  - very little and are black and hairy
* Some lady beetles eat carpets
  - emerge from cases
  - enter quiet places like the attic
* Some lady beetles feed aphids
  - on pests
* Some lady beetles go through complete metamorphosis
  - live up to years
* help control aphids, mites, and mealybugs.
* prey upon the aphids in both the adult and larval stages.
+ Lady beetle, Appearance: Beetles
  * Not all lady beetles are red, and not all red lady beetles have spots. Some lady beetles are very little and are black and hairy. Lady beetles vary in color as red, orange, or yellow with black spots. They can also be black with red spots. Some are missing spots altogether. There are even a few kinds of ladybeetles with metallic blue iridescence, and some have checkerboard markings or stripes.

Ladybeetle
* are common examples of predators employed in biological control.
* eat lots of aphids, insect eggs, and other insects.
* prefer to overwinter in places like California, New Mexico, and Mexico.
* usually eat aphids and other small insect pests.

### animal | arthropod | insect | beetle:

Ladybird
* All ladybirds can nip, but harlequins seem to bite more than others.
* Many ladybirds hibernate, a common one sometimes coming forth in a warm room in midwinter.
* Some ladybirds become gregarious during the winter and snuggle together in several hundreds
  - feed insects
* Some ladybirds feed on aphids
* Some ladybirds feed on red mites
  - spider mites
* Some ladybirds have ladybirds
  - ranges
  - spot ladybirds
  - wide ranges
* are a very beneficial insect
  - brightly-coloured because they contain defensive toxic chemicals
  - found all over the world
  - known to hibernate once the warm summer weather begins to cool
* can also supplement their diet with fruits and vegetables.
* component of a cardiogenic pathway required for diversification of heart precursors.
* feed mainly on aphids
  - on the aphids thus acting as a natural pesticide in potato crops
* have short legs and antennas.
* help gardeners by eating aphids.
* includes air sacs
  - brains
  - carapaces
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - heads
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - sections
  - shells
  - skulls
  - thoraxes
  - vacuoles
* lay extra infertile eggs with the fertile eggs
  - hundreds of eggs in the colonies of aphids and other plant-eating pests
* make ideal on-farm predators since both larvae and adults feed on other insects.
* primarily eat aphids, greenfly, plant-lice and other small insects.
### animal | arthropod | insect | beetle:

Water beetle
* Most water beetles have patterns.
* Most water beetles make creak sound
* Some water beetles prey on bullfrog tadpoles
  * ' are beetles who live in water. Water beetles are black, brown, or greenish. There are 2,000 species of water beetles
* are black , brown , or greenish
  - good swimmers, and many can fly as well
### animal | arthropod | insect | beetle | weevil:

Adult weevil
* are considered strong fliers, venturing more than a half-mile in search of host trees
  - nocturnal
  - only active after dark
  - severe damage
* emerge in springs.
* feed on leaves.
* have heads
* insert yellow oval eggs into alfalfa stems.
* lay eggs on the developing bean pods in the field.
* move into fields
  - rice fields
* notch main stems, side shoots, and leaf stems.
* spend the winter in ground trash near old cotton fields.
* tend to avoid laying eggs on shaded white pine with small diameter terminals.

Alfalfa weevil
* feed during the day, actively feeding on the foliage, starting near the leaf tips.
* have a white strip down the center of their back and black heads
  - the ability to severely damage the first cutting of hay in much of Illinois

Boll weevil
* are insects
  - on the decline in traps
  - still of concern in some fields
  - weevils
* continue to be an increasing concern in all areas
  - plague growers, particularly in the non-eradication areas
* feed on and lay eggs in the fruit of cotton
  - blooms and bolls and cause the fruit to be shed from the plant
* fly into the wind following the scent trail.
* produce scattered, powdery or grainy flecks of bright yellow or orange droppings.

Female weevil
* Most female weevils chew holes.
* Some female weevils live for months.
* Some female weevils use long snouts
* can tell if a grain kernel has had an egg laid in it by another weevil.
* insert white eggs into leaf sheaths under water.
* lay eggs in terminals early the following spring.
* lay their eggs in shallow pits excavated on the surface of green berries
  - minute, elongate, yellow eggs in slits that they cut in leaf bases
* look for exposed roots to lay their eggs.

Grain weevil
* are important pests of farm-stored grain.
* can bore through plastic and cardboard so inspect everything thoroughly.

Pecan weevil
* Pick up and destroy infested nuts as they fall.
* cause two types of damage.

Pepper weevil
* Most pepper weevils occur in locations
  - more northern locations
* complete one or two generations on black nightshade weeds in early spring.
* is an insect pest which is extremely damaging to the chile crop.
* serious pest of pepper.

Rice weevil
* Most rice weevils have backs.
* Some rice weevils live for months.
* are active fliers and often fly to grain storage bins and buildings from nearby fields
  - internal feeders
  - pests of stored grain and seeds
  - four faint red-brown spots on the back of the abdomen
  - long snouts with chewing mouthparts at the end

Root weevil
* cause damage.
* infest plants.

### animal | arthropod | insect | beetle | weevil | tenebrionid:

Flour beetle
* Some flour beetles feed on grain.
* are beetles
  - metallic-hued and ovoid in shape
  - pesky bugs that creep into warehouses and tuck into flour and cereals
* exhibit cannibalistic behavior.
* require about a month to complete their life cycle.

Tiny weevil
* Most tiny weevils use pollen.
* Some tiny weevils pollinate plants.

Vine weevil
* Most vine weevils feed on leaves.
* Some vine weevils feed at nights.
* Some vine weevils invade gallon pots
### animal | arthropod | insect | bug:

Adult bed bug
* have pads.
* live for months

Computer bug
* are viruses that mess up the insides of a computer.
* can make camels or people very angry.

Kudzu bug
* Most kudzu bugs become pests.
* Most kudzu bugs eat plants
  - soybean plants
  - feed on kudzu
* Most kudzu bugs look like bugs
  - lady bugs
  - produce offspring
* are a fairly new pest in South Carolina
  - recent addition to the U.S. list of invasive species
  - about the size of an adult lady bug and are square shaped
  - attracted to lighter colors
* become economic problems
* complete development.

Lady bug
* Most lady bugs feed on aphids.
* Most lady bugs live in climates
  - temperate climates
* Some lady bugs invade homes.

Lighting bug
* glow because of luminescence.
* have wings.

Little bug
* Some little bugs produce light.
* stick to the leaves and slowly dissolve.

Pirate bug
* are present all summer in fields, woodlands, gardens and landscapes.
* have the greatest impact on external feeding species of beetles and moths.

Spittle bug
* are a type of leafhopper.
* can be a problem in crops grown for fresh or dried flowers.
* prefer moist, thatchy, centipede lawns.
* produce a white cotton like substance on the leaves.
* protect themselves in a frothy spittle.
* tend to be a darker shade of green and leafhopper nymphs tend to be yellow-green.

Swallow bug
* breed freely all summer in swallow nests.
* develop on nesting swallows, normally cliff swallows.

Tiny bug
* Most tiny bugs have heads.
* take a costly bite of Vidalia onions.
### animal | arthropod | insect | butterfly:

Adult butterfly
* Adult butterflies are also selective about what they eat
  - attracted to certain nectar plants for their food
  - key plant pollinators
  - orange with black wing veins and bodies
  - usually active only during the growing season when the day is sunny or warm
  - very picky about their diet
  - wonderfully diverse in shape, size, and color
* Adult butterflies drink liquids to maintain their energy reserve
  - eat by drinking nectar from plants, but there are some that eat rotting fruit
  - emerge from pupas
* Adult butterflies live for many months
  - mate and produce eggs to complete the life cycle
  - seek brightly colored and strongly scented flowers for nectar a source of food
  - visit the colorful nectar plants that flower during the growing season

Captive butterfly
* Captive butterflies live for several weeks
* Most captive butterflies live for several weeks

### animal | arthropod | insect | butterfly:

Female butterfly
* Female butterflies choose host plants in bright sun forlaying eggs
  - deposit their eggs on or near specific plants called host plants
* Female butterflies lay eggs on host plants, which furnish hearty meals and homes for caterpillars
  - eggs, which hatch into the larval stage called caterpillars
  - look for specific species of plants to lay their eggs
  - release pheromones into the air
  - seek out specific plants on which they lay their eggs
  - use hostplants to lay their eggs upon
* Some female butterflies are also picky about color when choosing a mate from among many suitors.

Hairstreak
* live in both temperate and tropical regions.
* often have delicate hairlike extensions on their hind wings.
* usually have a pattern of lines or stripes on the underside wings.

Male butterfly
* Male butterflies do more puddling than females
  - dust prospective mates with an aphrodisiac produced on the tip of the abdomen
  - find females by sight, and use chemicals called pheromones at close range
  - rely less on scent and more on vision in the search for mates
  - secure territories to use in mate location and courtship
  - use puddling areas to absorb salts and minerals to aid reproduction
* Many male butterflies deliver more than just sperm to their mates.
### animal | arthropod | insect | butterfly:

Monarch butterfly
* All monarch butterflies congregate at specific winter roosting sites in California and Mexico.
* Many monarch butterflies live in the upper east, near the beaches.
* Monarch butterflies are butterflies
  - cold blooded just like all insects
  - extremely rare for mountainous British Columbia
  - just one species
  - known for their long annual migration
  - native to Vermont, and they breed here
  - often able to exploit thermals near the ground
* Monarch butterflies are the largest butterfly species in the Basin
  - long- ranging kings of insect migration
  - most common of the milkweed butterflies in the United States
  - only animal to make a multi-generational migration
* Monarch butterflies are very interesting ecologically
  - unusual
  - begin life
  - can migrate from Canada to Mexico
  - carry their seed stock all the way to Mexico
  - cluster on oyamel branches in Mexican preserve
  - continue to head south to Mexico for the winter
  - decorate a pine tree with a beauty that surpasses any man-made object
  - die shortly after mating
  - display aposematism or warning coloration
  - don t eat corn, but they can be near it
  - drink nectar
* Monarch butterflies eat milk weeds
  - emerge from pupas
  - feed on milkweeds
  - find mates
  - go through stages
* Monarch butterflies have a direct relationship with milkweed
  - legs
  - long antenes
  - natural coloration
  - ranges
  - warn coloration
  - help plants
* Monarch butterflies mate in springs
  - the spring before they migrate
* Monarch butterflies pass through Kansas on the way to their winter grounds
  - en route to Mexican wintering sites, too
  - play a huge role in Kings , symbolizing the recognition of a king
  - prefer climates
  - protect themselves from the harsh winter environment
  - reproduce sexually and fertilization is internal
  - require thick tree covering during the winter
  - rest in the sun and shiver their wings to warm up when they are cold
* Monarch butterflies use colors and scents for communicating
  - magnetic compasses
* Most monarch butterflies begin life
* Most monarch butterflies eat milk weeds
* Most monarch butterflies have coloration
* Some monarch butterflies come out of states.
* Some monarch butterflies have chemical defense
  - more orange and brown patterns than others
* are poisonous to their predators.
* caterpillars prefer milkweed plants.
+ Monarch (butterfly), Range and distribution, Migration: Danaus
  * Monarch butterflies are known for their long annual migration. In North America, they make large migrations towards the south starting in August until the first frost. A migration towards the north takes place in the spring. No single individual makes the whole round trip. Female Monarchs lay eggs for the next generation during these migrations.
### animal | arthropod | insect | butterfly | ringlet:

Narrow ringlet
* existing in the broad Saturnian rings also resemble the narrow rings of Uranus.
+ Uranus, Rings, General properties
  * The newly discovered outer rings of Uranus are similar to the outer G and E rings of Saturn. Narrow ringlets existing in the broad Saturnian rings also resemble the narrow rings of Uranus. In addition, dust bands observed between the main rings of Uranus may be similar to the rings of Jupiter.

Viceroy
* feed mostly on plants of the willow family and are quite palatable.
* produce three generations per year, and the food habits of each generation differs.

Capsid
* Some capsids prefer moist habitats.
* form around the nucleic acid genome
  - first as empty structures, and then the genome is inserted
* includes air sacs
  - brains
  - carapaces
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - ears
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - heads
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - sections
  - shells
  - skulls
  - thoraxes
  - vacuoles

Carnivorous insect
* Many carnivorous insects eat other insects, including members of their own species.
* Some carnivorous insects feed on insects

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Chinch bug
* appear during the summer months.
* are grey-black insects with short white wings
  - often a problem, causing leaves to rapidly begin to wilt and turn brown
  - pests
  - serious pests of cool and warm-season turfgrasses
  - shallow feeders and can generally be seen close to the soil surface
* are small black insects with a white spot on their wing covers
  - insects with sucking mouthparts
  - the most common insect problem in zoysiagrass
  - tiny insects, which suck the juices from grass plants
  - typically more of a problem in dry years
  - very small insects that are red when newly hatched but turn black with age
* attack turf in a group so their damage is quickly visible.
* continues to be the number one insect pest of grain sorghum in Georgia.
* do greatest damage from mid-summer to early fall.
* feed on bentgrass, bluegrass, and fescues, but no type of grass is immune to attack
  - grass near the soil interface or just below the soil surface
* have more than one generation per year and overwinter as adults.
* injure buffalograss by withdrawing juices from plant tissues in the crown area
  - grasses by puncturing the stems and sucking out the plant juices
* is an insect
* love hot, dry conditions
  - the sun and are first found in the thinner, poorer, sunnier sections of the lawn
* move in an outward pattern from the center of the dead area of grass.
* prefer the bright sunny areas of the yard and dry conditions.
* reproduce in large numbers and can reproduce several times in one season.
* serious pest on sandy soils.
* start from an egg and hatch into tiny, red insect with white markings on their back.
* suck plant juices from many grass species including corn, sorghum and wheat.
### animal | arthropod | insect | cicada:

Male cicada
* Most male cicadas make sound
* Some male cicadas have sides.
* are also capable of making a loud squawk when disturbed
  - known for their loud calls
* attract females by their characteristic songs.
* begin to sing with a shrill, loud buzzing noise to attract females.

### animal | arthropod | insect | cicada:

Periodical cicada
* are cicadas
  - insects
  - located only in the United States east of the Great Plains
  - smaller, averaging about an inch and a half in length
  - spectacular insects, often making sudden and dramatic appearances
  - unique to eastern North America
  - unusual insects
  - well-known for the incredible noise they make when they emerge
* can cause damage to young trees growing in the landscape
  - reproduce at the tremendous densities required to sustain their populations
* have a higher-pitched sound and sing during the day.
* lack any true defense mechanisms, and are safe to handle.
* rely on their numbers for defense.
### animal | arthropod | insect | cockroach:

American cockroach
* Most american cockroaches eat leaves
  - enter homes
* Most american cockroaches have developmental stages
* Some american cockroaches become health problems
* Some american cockroaches eat insects
* Some american cockroaches have elaborate structures
  - live for years
* Some american cockroaches live in areas
* are less common in homes than German cockroaches
  - moderate flyers
  - speedy little creatures
  - very common in sewer systems of many American cities
* develop much slower than German cockroaches.
* enter homes to find water or food
* infest basements.
* leave their droppings in the dark areas where they hide.
* live for approximately one year.
* prefer to live in warm, dark, wet areas, like sewers and basements.

Asian cockroach
* Most asian cockroaches enter homes.
* are lighter in color than most German cockroaches
  - very susceptible to most pesticides

Hiss cockroach
* begin life.
* have antennas.
* live up to years.

Larger cockroach
* are fine.
* have similarly longer life cycles.

Madagascar cockroach
* Most madagascar cockroaches begin life
* Some madagascar cockroaches feed on fruit.
* Some madagascar cockroaches have metamorphosis
  - partial metamorphosis
* Some madagascar cockroaches produce acoustic sound

Male cockroach
* Some male cockroaches defend territory.
* Some male cockroaches produce acoustic sound
* have the babies.
* let each other know how tough they are by producing a pheromone.
* weigh less than female cockroaches, and males can fly and flee faster.

Oriental cockroach
* Some oriental cockroaches prefer locations.
* are cockroachs
  - known for their deep brown color
  - less wary and more sluggish than other cockroaches found in Nebraska
* feed on all kinds of filth and other decaying organic matter.
* prefer areas
  - basements, crawl spaces, sewer pipes, and other cool, damp locations
  - dark, damp, and relatively cool locations
  - to feed on starchy foods

Oriental roach
* Most Oriental roaches get inside homes by accident.
* are omnivorous, but they prefer to feed on starchy foods.
* feed on all kinds of filth.
* prefer damp, cool, dark areas.

Water bug
* are good indicators of water quality, as some are very sensitive to pollution.
* swim with their flattened hind legs that resemble oars.

### animal | arthropod | insect | cockroach | water bug:

Water boatman
* All water boatmen have a striped pattern across the back and they swim with the wing side up.
* Most water boatmen eat algae and minute aquatic organisms.
* Some water boatmen help water mite larvae
  - share habitats
* Water boatmen adhere their eggs on underwater objects.
* Water boatmen are generally smaller than backswimmers
  - somewhat flattened and elongate in shape
  - strong fliers and are attracted at night to artificial lights
  - the largest group of aquatic true bugs
  - can swim rapidly, but they spend long periods clinging to vegetation
  - eat vegetables
  - have dark backs
  - occur in fresh or brackish water throughout the world
* have a one year life cycle.
* water bug
### animal | arthropod | insect | cockroach | water bug:

Water strider
* appear to be harmless to people.
* are a group of plants that do well in container gardens
  - capable of moving very rapidly and jumping from one spot to another
  - common throughout California
  - dependent on surface tension of water to move around and capture food
  - highly predaceous, feeding on a variety of aquatic insects
  - insects that live in lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers and streams
  - insects, and fishing spiders are arachnids
  - long-legged and slender although some species have more robust bodies
  - predatory insects which rely on surface tension to walk on top of water
  - usually black and are less than a half inch in size
  - very sensitive to motion and vibrations on the water's surface
* eat any tiny creature they can catch, including insects, tadpoles, and small fish.
* move quickly over the water by propelling themselves with their middle set of legs.
* skate over the surface.

Wood cockroach
* Wood Cockroaches Get information about their appearance, habitat, biology and habits and control.
* are a group of minor cockroach pests.
* can accidentally invade dwellings during late spring.
* survive the winter as a partially grown nymph under bark of trees.

Collembolan
* are ametabolous, i.e. with no metamorphosis
  - tiny insects that usually live in moist situations such as leaf litter
  - wingless
* is an insect

Common insect
* Most common insects affect landscape trees
  - belong to genus
  - cause problems
  - feed on plants
  - prefer habitats
  - visit flowers
* are beetles, larvae, caterpillars, grasshoppers, and spiders.
* include crickets
  - termites

Conenose bug
* is an insect
* spend the winter as developing nymphs and molt into adults in spring.

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Crane fly
* Crane flies are agricultural pests with very long legs and the ability to fly
  - beneficial and harmless insects
  - found worldwide , though individual species usually have limited ranges
  - good examples of life cycles timed to food source availability or temperature
  - large tan-colored fragile flies with long legs
  - eat the root and the crown of the grass plant, and can devastate a lawn
* Crane flies look like Texas-sized mosquitoes and have been incorrectly called mosquito hawks
  - giant mosquitoes and are very common
  - similar to large mosquitoes
* Crane flies occur chiefly in damp situations where there is aboundant vegetation
  - situations with abundant vegetation
  - serve several important roles in the ecosystem
+ Crane fly: Flies
  * Crane flies' are a type of fly in the family 'Tipulidae'. They are insects. Crane flies look similar to large mosquitoes. Unlike mosquitoes, crane flies do not bite people or animals.
### animal | arthropod | insect:

Dobsonfly
* Dobsonflies are characterized by a long cylindrical body with short legs.
* Dobsonflies are found in North and South America, Asia, Australia, and Africa
  - primarily outdoors near large bodies of water
  - nocturnal hunters
  - have cottony gill tufts beside the lateral appendages, fishflies lack such gills
  - only mate when they are matured adults which is only a range of just under a week
  - usually live in rocky streams
* larvae emerge and often hide under rocks and in crevices.
### animal | arthropod | insect | dragonfly:

Colorful dragonfly
* Colorful dragonflies have wings.
* Most colorful dragonflies have wings.

Female dragonfly
* Female dragonflies lay eggs in or near water , often on plants
  - near water, often in or on floating or emergent plants
+ Dragonfly, Reproduction: Odonata
  * Female dragonflies lay eggs in or near water, often on plants. When laying eggs, some species go under the water to lay their eggs on a good surface. The eggs then hatch into nymphs. While in the nymph stage they eat mosquito larvae and other things.

Immature dragonfly
* Immature dragonflies are aquatic and are also predatory.
* Immature dragonflies have legs
  - spindly legs
  - live in freshwater
* Most immature dragonflies have legs
### animal | arthropod | insect | earwig:

European earwig
* Most european earwigs have behavior
* Some european earwigs eat aphids
* are nocturnal, so they are active at night.
* eat a lot of aphids, which can destroy pear and apple orchards.
* exhibit one generation per year even though some females can produce two broods.
* feed at night on the foliage of various flowers and garden plants.
  - stages
* live on land in areas that have seasons.
* mate in the autumn.
* use chemicals called pheromones to attract other European earwigs.

Female earwig
* Most female earwigs show instinct
  - maternal instinct
* are very maternal, an unusual trait for insects.
* stay with the eggs and young nymphs.

Young earwig
* are generally lighter in color than adults.
* are similar in appearance to adults but smaller
  - except that they are smaller in size
* resemble adults but are smaller.

Ephemeral
* Are very short-lived, growing from seed, blooming and dying within a few weeks.
* appear, bloom, set seed, then die back before the canopy leaves are fully expanded
  - blossom and fruit before the trees leaf out, then disappear from sight
* are particularly common in the desert
  - the sprinters of the plant world, sending flower stalks jetting out in a few days
* is an insect
* send out flower stalks in a few days.

### animal | arthropod | insect | ephemeral:

Spring ephemeral
* Many spring ephemerals attract seed-dispersing ants through the production of an elaiosome.
* make up a large portion of the spring bloomers.

Female insect
* Many female insects release an odor to signal their readiness for mating.
* Some female insects have bases
  - projections

Few insect
* are as unwelcome in homes as cockroaches
  - of economic importance to Pennsylvania small-grain production
* can cause yield loss.
* change so much during their life cycle as a butterfly or moth.
* have red blood.
* live in the oceans or in very cold places, such as Antarctica.
+ Insect:
  * As they develop from eggs, insects undergo metamorphosis. Few insects live in the oceans or in very cold places, such as Antarctica. The most species live in tropical areas.
### animal | arthropod | insect | flea:

Adult flea
* are small flat brown wingless insects that can be seen with the naked eye
  - small, brown and wingless, a little larger than the size of a pinhead
* bite pets.
* have appearances.
* have piercing-sucking mouth parts
  - mouthparts and the larvae chewing mouthparts
* infest pets.
* require blood meals

Cat flea
* Most cat fleas have larval stages
  - ranges
* Most cat fleas have wide host ranges
* Most cat fleas survive for weeks
  - temperature
  - transmit diseases
* Some cat fleas feed on dogs.
* are fleas
  - the most common fleas on dogs and cats
* can spread bartonella
  - transmit other parasites and infections to dogs and cats and also to humans
  - three larval stages, none of which live or feed on a host

Female flea
* can lay eggs only if they've had a meal.
* lay eggs, usually on the host, after taking a blood meal.
* mate only once.
* requires a blood meal prior to ovogensis.
### animal | arthropod | insect:

Gall midge
* Some gall midges eat aphids.
* Some gall midges feed on juniper
  - western juniper
* can induce rounded stem and leaf galls or ridgelike vein galls.

Giant insect
* Most giant insects have characteristics
  - unfortunate characteristics
* sing perky songs.

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Gnat
* All gnats have long, hairlike antennae, which are particularly well-developed in the males.
* are another airborne nuisance
  - capable of flies
  - categorized under the animalia kingdom and belong to the arthropoda phylum
  - mosquitos
  - prolific from late Spring till the end of the trout fishing season
  - small flies that sometimes are in big groups called 'swarm's
  - software
* bother people because they are hungry.
* is an insect
* make their homes out of it.
+ Fly, Kinds of flies: Flies
  * Some flies do not have the word 'fly' in their name, so people may not know they are flies. Mosquitoes are flies that bite people and can carry diseases, such as malaria. Midges are small flie, a bit like like mosquitoes, but not all midges bite. Gnats are small flies that sometimes are in big groups called 'swarm's.

### animal | arthropod | insect | gnat:

Black fly
* Black flies are a scourge to livestock in Canada, causing weight loss in cattle and sometimes death
  - daytime biters preferring low wind conditions
  - minute, stout bodied and humpbacked
  - small enough to pass through window screen or come indoors on or in the hair
  - small, dark, chunky flies that look humpbacked
  - unusually sneaky and persistent
* Black flies breed exclusively in running water
  - in running water, unlike mosquitoes, which breed in stagnant water
* Black flies can discriminate between colors often preferring black, blue and green
  - occur in enormous numbers
  - contract the parasites by feeding on an already infected person
  - get into the nose, eyes, ears, and mouth and crawl into clothing when abundant
  - hatch in cold running water
  - have one to several generations per year
  - live as larvae in shallow, clear, fast-running water in rivers and streams
  - raise welts that itch for a month
  - remain active all day
  - serve as vectors of human and animal diseases in some areas of the world
  - spend most of their lives in running water

### animal | arthropod | insect | goldeneye:

Common goldeneye
* Most common goldeneyes have heads
  - necks
  - patches
  - round white patches
* Some common goldeneyes eat aquatic insects
  - have bases
* are excellent swimmers and divers, they forage in small groups.
* are found in all four flyways
  - throughout North America and Eurasia
  - medium-sized diving ducks
  - monogamous
* breed yearly, although some individuals do skip occasional years.
* eat mainly aquatic insects during breeding season in northern, boreal lakes.
* spend most of their time on the water.
### animal | arthropod | insect:

Insect life
* abounds but is secretive in general.
* centers on and around the mountain lakes.
* explodes in numbers and diversity as soon as spring arrives.
* is abundant and the sun never sets
  - also abundant
  - particularly abundant
  - rich, including beetles, moths, flies, grasshoppers, and wetas

Insect trap
* Most insect traps use black light fluorescent lamps as an attractant.
* can use color or odors to attract a particular insect species to sticky cards.

Kissing bug
* are members of a larger group known as assassin bugs.
* have six legs.
* is an insect

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Lacewing
* Some lacewings give off a rather disagreeable odor when handled.
* are attractive flying insects with translucent pale green wings
  - effective against aphids, scale insects and thrips among others
  - especially fond of fennel, caraway, and dill
  - general predators, being less specific to aphids than some other predators
  - green or brown
* are important predators of eggs and larvae, as well as other soft bodied insects
  - predators, in both the adult and larval stages
  - most effective when a large number of the larvae are introduced into a limited area
  - native predators in Alaska
  - the most menacing predators for aphids
* are very active and voracious feeders
  - important predators on pecan in late season
* arrive as eggs and often hatch a few days later.
* eat a variety of small insects, and the larvae are especially voracious.
* eat aphids, mealybugs, thrips and caterpillar eggs
  - spider mites, small caterpillars and insect eggs
* feed on aphids, leafhoppers, scales, mites, and eggs of butterflies and moths
  - insect eggs, scales, mealybugs, and mites as well as aphids
* have chewing mouthparts.
* provide control of other soft-bodied pests such as worms, aphids, etc.
* take their name from the intricate veining of their two pairs of semitransparent wings.
+ Biological control: Agriculture :: Ecology
  * Lacewings are available from biocontrol dealers.

Large insect
* Most large insects have wings.
* Some large insects invade homes
  - resemble crickets
* are beaten against a branch before being eaten
  - hammered against the surface till dead or nearly so, before being swallowed
  - probably simply too vulnerable during low clear water

Leaf miner
* Many leaf miners can produce cell proliferations that intergrade into true gall development.
* Some leaf miners eat leaves.
### animal | arthropod | insect:

Lepidopteran
* All lepidopterans share a magical change.
* are an important component of biological diversity
* go through 'complete metamorphosis'.
* is an insect
+ Lepidoptera, Characteristics of Lepidoptera
  * Lepidopterans go through 'complete metamorphosis'. This means that they have a four parts of their life. The first part is the egg. The second part is the caterpillar or larva. The third part is the pupa. The last part is the adult or imago.

Live insect
* Some live insects make noise.
* are much more nutritious as well.
* attract lots of attention.

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Louse
* Lice appear in clusters
  - bite skin
  - eat blood
  - emerge from eggs
  - give birth to lice
  - has-part mouthparts
* Lice have appearances
  - heads
  - legs
  - lifespans
  - shapes
* Lice includes air sacs
  - brains
  - carapaces
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - ears
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - sections
  - shells
  - skulls
  - thoraxes
  - vacuoles
* Lice infect hosts
  - people
  - infest animals
* Lice invade hair
  - lay eggs
  - live in hair
* Lice live on blood
  - mammals
* Lice occur in animals
  - groups
* Lice possess bodies
* Lice prefer blood
  - release eggs
* Lice require blood
  - resemble lice
  - spread lice
  - suck animals
  - thrive in hair
  - transmit diseases
* are bugs
  - parasites
* term applied to an insect which fulfils two conditions.

### animal | arthropod | insect | louse:

Adelgid
* also have very short antennae.
* are a small group of insects that are closely related to aphids
  - aphid-like pests that suck sap from the needles, bark, stems or twigs
  - small, soft-bodied insects that are closely related to aphids
* can kill a fir tree in as little as three years.
* have short antennae and no cornicles.

Cootie
* are real organisms.
* palm simulation of virus transfer.

Psyllid
* also occur on other plants in the potato family, such as eggplant and pepper.
* are small soft-bodied insects related to aphids.
* feed by sucking plant juices
  - on the phloem and heavy nymphal feeding kills saplings
### animal | arthropod | insect | mantis:

Pray mantis
* Some pray mantises eat butterflies
* Some pray mantises have behavior
  - shed skin
* feed on bugs
* fold front legs
  - huge compound eyes

Mantispid
* are widely distributed, hut are commoner in southern regions.
* is an insect
* superficially resemble preying mantids because they have raptorial front legs.

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Many insect
* Most many insects do damage
  - eat pollen
* Most many insects feed on aphids
  - blood
* Most many insects go through developmental stages
  - incomplete metamorphosis
  - precise developmental stages
* Most many insects have annual migration
  - mouthparts
  - muscles
  - wings
  - kill prey
  - release noxious compounds
* Most many insects require diets
  - special diets
* Most many insects use respiration
  - sound
* Most many insects visit flowers
  - plants
  - scent flowers
* Some many insects become adults
  - cause damage
  - change color
* Some many insects eat animal tissue
  - foliage
  - matter
  - zebras
  - enter homes
  - feed on cattails
* Some many insects have aquatic nymph
  - chemical substances
  - microbes
  - penises
  - projections
  - skin
* Some many insects play roles
  - trophic roles
* Some many insects undergo complete metamorphosis
* consume plants.
  - suck mouthparts
* release compounds
### animal | arthropod | insect | mayfly:

Giant mayfly
* Giant mayflies are really curious, being unique among all species of insects.
* Giant mayflies live in areas
  - mate once in their life
* Most giant mayflies live in areas
* Some giant mayflies go through incomplete metamorphosis

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Mealy bug
* appear on stems and buds.
* are always a potential threat to house plants
  - juice-sucking predators that appear as white, cottony masses on leaves
  - soft and appear to be covered with a white, mealy or downy substance
  - soft-bodied insects that feed on the corm and roots
  - tiny, white insects that look like tufts of lint
  - white, soft-bodied insects that suck plant juices
* attack the base of the leaves near the ground, also the bud and the slips.
* can also infest African violets.
* feed on plant stems and leaves.
* have small soft white or pink bodies
  - what type of mouth parts'
* is an insect
* resemble white cotton, and they are located in the crevices between leaves and stems.
* seem especially fond of cacti and can destroy the plants.

### animal | arthropod | insect | mealybug:

Male mealybug
* are tiny, gnatlike insects with two wings and long tails of white wax.
* go through five instars and feed only in the first two instars.

Mature mealybug
* More mature mealybugs have filaments of wax projecting from the body margin.
* are highly resistant to contact pesticides.
### animal | arthropod | insect | mosquito:

Mosquito netting
* ensures peaceful nights, but watch out for butterflies during the day.
* provides great protection at night.

Tiger mosquito
* are known to transmit the causative agent of dog heartworm disease
  - persistent, moderately aggressive biters
* carry diseases
  - human diseases
  - viruses

Most other insect
* have wings.
* produce sound.
### animal | arthropod | insect | moth:

Adult moth
* are active from late summer through fall
  - known to be strong fliers
  - minor pollinators
  - nocturnal with a small, white dot in the center of each wing
  - predominantly pale brown to grayish brown wings
  - red and black, have clear wings and resemble wasps
  - strong flyers and can easily move to adjacent fields
  - weak flyers and live only a few days
  - yellowjacket mimics
* emerge from cases
* have a short life span, usually less than two weeks
  - bronze wings
  - dark gray front wings that are mottled with light and dark splotches
  - golden wings
* have white to yellowish wings and are peppered with many black spots
* pupate in the soil during the winter months.
* return to the plains in late summer and begin laying eggs.

### animal | arthropod | insect | moth | arctiid moth | cinnabar:

Red cinnabar
* is used for the pigment vermilion.
+ Cinnabar: Minerals :: Ores
  * Cinnabar' is a mineral. Cinnabar exists in two crystal forms. Red cinnabar is used for the pigment vermilion. It is poisonous, and may go black with age. The other crystal form is black, and does not react chemically to anything except strong acids. Cinnabar has a Mohs hardness of 2-2.5.

Tiger moth
* Most tiger moths are night fliers and can be readily collected from lights.
* Some tiger moths make sound.
* Some tiger moths produce sound
  - ultrasonic sound
* emit high-pitched clicks at night to warn bats they taste bad.
* is an arctiid moth
  - usually immaculate
* use chemical and acoustic defenses to effectively deal with both.

Armyworm moth
* migrate in the millions northward from South Texas in the spring and summer.
* migrate into Colorado in early summer
  - the state from the south

Brown moth
* Most brown moths have bronze wings
  - complete metamorphosis
* Some brown moths destroy bushes
  - gooseberry bushes

Clothe moth
* Most clothe moths go through distinct periods
* Some clothe moths feed on fibre
  - natural fibre

Clothes moth
* are a solid, subdued color
  - nocturnal and prefer to avoid lighted areas
  - well-known fabric pests in the home
* can do serious damage to small or large wool rugs
  - eat clothes, rugs, wall hangings, etc
  - feed on mixtures of natural and synthetic fabrics
* go through four distinct lifecycle periods with significant change at each stage.
### animal | arthropod | insect:

Phasmid
* Most phasmids have compound eyes
  - spines
  - lay eggs singly and commonly the eggs resemble seeds
* Some phasmids have bacteria
  - sticks
* Some phasmids possess compound eyes
* are chemoreceptors located in the caudal extremity, posterior to the anus
  - herbivores, whereas mantids eat other animals
* are insects that eat leaves and look like leaves or sticks
  - resemble leaves or sticks
  - organs of similar arrangement found in the posterior of many parasitic nematodes
* distinct, located in anterior half of tail.
* generally rely on camouflage to evade predators.
* have been know to consume their own skin
  - mandibulate, prognathous mouthparts
  - many natural predators
* includes air sacs
  - brains
  - carapaces
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - ears
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - sections
  - shells
  - skulls
  - thoraxes
  - vacuoles
* occur about one-half the tail length posterior to the anus.
* slightly anterior to middle of tail
  - posterior to middle of tail extend into bursa slightly
* undergo incomplete metamorphosis and the nymphs look like small versions of the adults.
* use their unique camouflage to fool predators.

Plant bug
* Most plant bugs cause considerable damage.
* are active and move about freely, thus avoiding the treatment
  - difficult to control
* cause abortion of pinhead squares, which leaves small scars
* feeding on new growth causes new leaflets to be distorted or fall off.
* have piercing-sucking mouthparts.
* inject a toxic saliva into the plant during feeding.
* is an insect
* move to new hosts as older wild hosts mature, reduce flowering, and dry down.
* remain generally light.

### animal | arthropod | insect | plant bug:

Lace bug
* Most lace bugs live on the lower surface of the leaf.
* Some lace bugs feed on trees.
* are a common problem on eggplants
  - an annoyance to people passing or sitting under the tree
  - small, broad, flat insects with clear, lacelike wings
* can be a serious, though occasional, problem.
* cause leaf yellowing
  - mottling and yellowing of the leaves
* feed on the undersides of the leaves causing a stippled appearance.
* get their name from the appearance of the area behind their head and the wing covers.
* have piercing and sucking mouthparts
  - several generations a year
* leave cast skins and black, gummy, varnish-like feces on the underside of leaves.
* plant bug
* reach their peak in late summer and do their worst in sunny, exposed sites.
* seem to prefer bright, sunny areas so plant susceptible plants in shady areas.
* suck leaf sap
  - nutrients from azaleas and other plants producing unsightly white spots on leaves

Planthopper
* are among the most devastating pests of agricultural crops worldwide
  - more conspicuous than injurious
* normally move sideways, and both adults and nymphs hop readily if disturbed.
* produce a powdery wax that is exuded from their abdomen.

Pollinate insect
* Most pollinate insects get nectar
  - make food
* Some pollinate insects play roles.
* Some pollinate insects pollinate courgette flowers
### animal | arthropod | insect | queen:

Queen bee
* Most queen bees find places
  - have workers
* Most queen bees produce offspring
  - survive winter
* Some queen bees live for years.
* are fertilized by haploid drones
  - larger and live longer than workers
* can also produce offspring.
* develop from larvae, which is selected by the worker bees.
* eat royal jelly.
  - suitable places
* lay eggs in the cells of the nest, and when they hatch, they become larvae.
* live exclusively on royal jelly and it accounts for their incredible size and longevity.
* live their entire life with royal jelly as the sole source of nutrition
  - jelly as their sole source of nutrition

Virgin queen
* Some virgin queens develop into workers
  - leave colonies
* Some virgin queens reach maturity
  - sexual maturity

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Robber fly
* Most robber flies grow up in the soil, where the larvae hunt other insect larvae and pupae
  - have a brown, gray, or black coloration
* Robber flies are among the few insects that catch their prey in mid-flight
  - common summer insects, and are found in weedy areas that receive lots of sunlight
  - extremely sluggish in the mornings
  - often quite large, over an inch in length, with long, insect-snatching legs
  - voracious predatory insects
  - exhibit minimal courtship behavior
  - have long, strong legs that are bristled to aid in prey capture
  - live in urban areas, forests and woodlands
  - suck other insects dry
* is an insect

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Sawfly
* Many sawflies feed on conifers.
* Most sawflies are somewhat host-specific.
* Sawflies affect a number of different plants but different types tend to affect different crops.
* Sawflies are a little known group closely related to wasps
  - likely to be a problem on roses in areas where wild roses are present
  - more abundant in mowed fields than in burnt fields
  - non-stinging wasps that have their ovipositor serrated like a saw
  - primitive hymenopterous insects and are related to bees, wasps, and ants
  - small, dark, non-stinging wasps
  - the larval stages of a group of wasps
  - begin feeding on the tips of a branch and strip one branch before moving on to another
  - belong in the group of insects which includes ants, bees, and wasps
  - damage the leaves especially on young trees
* Sawflies feed in dusters
  - on needles and pollen
  - have five or more pair of prolegs, while caterpillars have less than five
  - lay eggs in plant stems
  - often feed on the undersides of leaves, so inspect all leaf surfaces
  - regularly suffer from a lethal virus-like disease that greatly reduces their number
  - superficially resemble caterpillars but are taxonomically very different
* Some sawflies similarly roll the leaves of their food plants into tubes.
### animal | arthropod | insect:

Silverfish
* can live for a year or more without eating if water is available
  - long periods of time without food
  - nearly a year without feeding
* can live up to a year without food, but require a high humidity environment
  - four years

Small insect
* Most small insects have blood
  - length
* Most small insects possess legs
  - stout legs
* Some small insects eat fungi.
* Some small insects prey on insects
  - other insects
* are prone to damage by careless handling of the cup- be careful.
* can burrow into the leaves and seedpods.

### animal | arthropod | insect:

Social insect
* Many social insects recognize their kin with the help of chemical signals called pheromones.
* Most social insects live in colonies
  - communities
* Some social insects cause damage
  - live in hives
* Some social insects play important roles
* are also a powerful metaphor for artificial intelligence
* have very complicated behavior
  - unique habits
* inspire human design.
* is an insect
  - groups or colonies
* tend to have higher chromosome numbers
  - highly complex behaviour

Spittlebug
* also attack strawberry plants.
* are a sporadic problem, mainly on centipedegrass.
* feed on the leaves of many ornamental and vegetable garden host plants.
* flies with wheatstalk, sweet clover, and hourglass fagots.
* have sharp beaks with which they pierce the stems of plants and suck the plant juices.
* infrequently cause economic damage in alfalfa.
* leave little wads of spit on rosemary plants.
* suck sap out of the plants with their needle-like mouthparts.