### process:

Respiration
* Describe the anatomy of the human respiratory system and the mechanics of breathing.
* Looks at how fish get oxygen from the water.
* Most respiration depends on ability
  - has effects
* Most respiration involves chemical reaction
  - enzyme reaction
  - glycolysis
  - many chemical reaction
  - movement
* Most respiration produces carbon dioxide
  - provides energy
  - releases oxygen
  - requires oxygen
  - uses energy
* Some respiration continues and a very small amount of heat is produced
  - gives off energy
  - involves breakdowns
* Some respiration occurs in absence
  - bottles
  - organelles
  - protists
  - wall walls
  - zones
* Some respiration produces acid
  - lactic acid
  - removes blood
* Some respiration requires carbon fixation
  - shows large spikes
* Use an external electron acceptor.
* also carries waste carbon dioxide away from the cells
  - causes cycle fluctuations
  - happens in plants during photosynthesis
  - increases when traveling or when water gets colder
* also produces carbon dioxide and water, essentially the opposite of photosynthesis
  - which are eliminated by the respiratory system
  - heat, although it is much more evident in animals than in plants
  - takes place by diffusion through the external body surface
* always involves the breakdown of more complex molecules to liberate energy.
* are deep and rapid
  - often hard to see because of decreased chest expansion
  - shallow and rapid
* arises from metabolic activity of mitochondria and largely occurs in roots and stems.
* basic reaction of all plant material, both in the field and after harvest.
* becomes an active, voluntary process, and every breath represents hard work.
* becomes shallow and erratic
  - slow and the heart-beat decreases
* begins with gas exchange.
* biological process
* breaks down glucose, using oxygen, and produces carbon dioxide and water.
* can be rapid and shallow with grunting or chattering on expiration
  - provide heat for the body that is maintained by warm blooded animals
* central function in humans.
* changes the weather
  - within one breathing cycle
* chemical process which occurs within every living cell in every living organism.
* chemical reaction that happens in all living cells
  - within cells to release energy from food
* combines oxygen and digested food to release energy.
* consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water as by-products
* continues at depth
  - to be governed by temperature after harvest
* converts chemical energy
* depends on a good air supply
* function of life, which means it is carried on by all living things.
* good example of a life process that is driven by entropy.
* happens in regions of a cell called mitochondria.
* has no effect.
* includes exchanges.
* involves a series of redox reactions
  - obtaining the energy to live by oxidising food, and expelling metabolic waste
  - oxidation of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water
  - releasing oxygen into the environment
* is accelerated in pain and in feverish conditions
  - accomplished by the tentacles
  - achieved through the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm
  - aerobic when oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor
  - aided by respiratory horns projecting through the wall of the cocoon
  - almost the exact opposite reaction to photosynthesis
* is also a direct cause why tomatoes fail to ripen during hot, summer days
  - at a lower level in the winter
* is an energy consuming process and breathing is an energy producing process
  - important part of the global carbon cycle
  - oxidation reaction in which carbohydrate is oxidized to produce energy
  - both a degradative as well as a synthetic pathway
* is by book lungs or tracheae
  - diffusion of gases through the cell membrane
  - gills and food capture by filter feeding with the help of gills
* is by means of book gills, book lungs, or tracheae
  - calculated from the oxygen changes during the night extrapolated to the whole period
* is carried out continuously by plant cells, as well as animal cells
  - in the mitochondria
  - cycles
  - different from breathing, which is the movement of air into and out of the lungs
  - done by animals, plants, and microbes
  - driven by different muscular systems in different species
  - entirely through the body wall in some polychaetes, and partially so in most
* is essential to life and occurs naturally without effort or insight in a healthy person
  - life, when it ceases so does life
* is essentially the opposite of photosynthesis
  - reverse of photosynthesis
  - evaluated at different levels of oxygen partial pressure
  - exergonic
  - faint, and in some sleeps appears to wholly cease
  - fast and superficial during anxiety attacks
  - impaired by collapse of a lung and by poor circulation
  - improved as the breathing muscles are strengthened
  - interrupted during swallowing
  - labored due to pulmonary congestion, or chest wounds
  - measured in breaths per minute, typically by a strain gauge worn around the chest
  - metabolism
  - more or less constant
  - much more efficient in birds than in mammals
  - necessary to extract oxygen from the air, which is use by cells
  - of two types, viz
  - regulated by substrate availability
* is suspended after exhalation for exposure
* is suspended at the end of full exhalation to elevate the diaphragm
  - full inhalation for sharper contrast
  - full inhalation to depress the diaphragm
  - temperature dependent
* is the act of burning energy from oxygen
  - biological input and photosynthesis is the biological output
  - breakdown of sugars, etc., in the plant
  - converting of glucose and oxygen into energy
  - easiest sensor to wear and is the most immune from motion artifacts
  - oxydation of organic matter to release energy
* is the process by which animals break down carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and water
  - living things use oxygen to release energy
  - oxygen is taken into the body and carbon dioxide is expelled
* is the process of breathing in oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide
  - of all living things
  - getting the oxygen into the cells of the body to provide energy
  - releasing energy from the breakdown of glucose
* is the release of energy from food substances in all living cells
  - glucose or another organic chemical
  - reversed process of photosynthesis
  - same in both plants and animals
  - taking in of oxygen and the eliminating of carbon dioxide
  - term used to describe breathing
  - useful release of the energy that has been stored by photosynthesis
* is through the body surface, cerata or secondary gills located around the anus
  - shell and membranes, which are permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide
  - under tight control in living organisms
  - used in the coral when carbon dioxide is released in the atmosphere and oceans
  - usually rapid and shallow
* is via diffusion in the absence of more sophisticated organs
  - segmentally arranged trachea with segmental spiracles
  - when plant and animal cells release energy stored in the bonds of glucose molecules
  - where the plant takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide to the surroundings
  - wholly through the skin
* leads to production.
* means burning of food with the help of oxygen to release energy.
* metabolic process evident at two levels of plant biological organization.
* occurs as dissolved oxygen in the water diffuses across the cell membrane
  - at night as well as during the day
  - between the double membrane of the mighty mitochondria
* occurs by diffusion through the moist surface of the body
  - continuously in the living proto- plasm of all animal and plant cells
* occurs in all cells of all organisms
  - life forms and in all cells
  - living cells, including leaves and roots
  - the cells of nearly all living things
* occurs in the mitochondria of animal cells
  - terminal bronchioles of the lower airway
  - on the plasma membrane
* occurs through the thin carapace which is most efficient during swimming and feeding
  - well developed lungs, and in some turtles a moist cloacal surface
  - when plants and animals die and decay, releasing carbon dioxide
* powers the body.
* probably occurs mostly through the skin.
* process inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
  - whose reciprocal is photosynthesis
* provides all organisms with the energy for their life processes
  - the energy or driving source for speech
* reduces forage quality by consuming readily digestible carbohydrates.
* refers to the metabolism of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.
* speeds up to provide extra oxygen
  - when it is warm and slows way down when it gets cold
* takes place at night and during the day
  - even though the lungs are severely injured and functioning poorly
  - in a special structure called the 'mitochondria' inside all eukaryote cells
* takes place in all cells releasing energy stored in food
  - viable seed
  - every cell and is called as cellular respiration
  - plants, animals and decomposers
* takes place in the mitochondria of the cell
  - mitochondrion of both plant and animal cells
  - roots and therefore, oxygen is vital to plant survival
  - through general body surface
* the opposite process of photosynthesis.
  - oxygen to break down the plant material, releasing the stored energy
* usually occurs spontaneously at birth.