Organism
* ALL organisms have glycolysis occurring in their cytoplasm.
* All organisms absorb radiation from the ultraviolet, visible and infra-red parts of the spectrum
  - appear to regulate telomere tract length to a species-specific average value
  - are arranged in an orderly way
* All organisms are capable of healing themselves
  - producing more offspring than there are parents
  - reproduction by passing on their genes
  - classified in scientific names and put into groups
* All organisms are composed of cells and come only from preexisting cells
  - cells, the fundamental unit of life
  - one or more cells
  - off cells
  - connected to each other through feeding interactions
  - counted, regardless their size
  - derived from common ancestors by a process of branching
  - descendants of a common ancestor
  - discrete entities that interact and disperse locally
  - divided into five kingdoms
  - either single cells or arrangements of cells that function together
  - genetically different from all other organisms
  - given a generic and specific name in Latin
  - identical
* All organisms are important in an ever changing balance of specie populations
  - within an ecosystem
* All organisms are in battle for survival against their environment
  - close coupling with their environment
  - interdependent
  - like engines in that they only can operate through the consumption of energy
  - made from cells
* All organisms are made of cells and the products of cells
  - or aggregates of cells
  - cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells
  - more than one cell
* All organisms are made up of cells and the cell begins with atoms and molecules
  - small closed structures called as cells
  - multicellular, except yeast
  - part of webs that depend on one another for energy and raw materials
  - subject to various sources of mortality
  - the descendants of an ancestor
  - very sensitive to even the most subtle variations in molecular architecture
  - belong to one of three domains, A single domain can contain one or more kingdoms
  - belong, in essence, to the same family, living in kinship on earth
  - burn glucose to form during cellular respiration
  - can cause change in the environment in which they live
  - carry on respiration
* All organisms carry out basic life functions in order to sustain life
  - chemical reactions for the purpose of energy transformation
  - each of the ecosystem processes to some extent
* All organisms cause changes in the ecosystem in which they live
  - environment where they live
  - their environments
  - contain water and require that water to be relatively pure
  - continue their species through reproduction
* All organisms depend on a food chain to obtain nourishment
  - abiotic factors in their environment
  - external energy to fuel their chemical reactions
  - two global food webs that are interconnected
  - eat and all are eaten
  - encounter some amount of environmental change
  - excrete wastes
  - exhibit hereditary variations
* All organisms exist in an external world which is spoken of as their environment
  - within ecosystems
* All organisms get energy from food
  - water and other materials from the environment
* All organisms go through cellular respiration, or oxidize energy for energy
  - changes in appearance during their lifespan
  - stages of development
* All organisms grow and change
* All organisms have a circadian rhythm, sleep part of that cycle
  - complex nervous system including a brain
  - definite number of chromosomes
  - life cycle but only some organisms go through metamorphosis
  - life-span
  - tolerance level for pollutants
  - an effect on each other and their surroundings
  - direct or indirect interrelations
  - external parts
  - genes, which consist of alleles, forms of gene coding for one single trait
  - life cycles
  - long-chain fatty acids in their phospholipids
  - natural enemies in their environment that limit their populations
* All organisms have the ability to respond and adapt to a myriad of environmental insults
  - self-repair
  - thousands of genes
  - to experience stress and adjust to it
  - influence their environments
  - interact with one another and are dependent upon their physical environment
  - keep internal conditions stable by the process called homeostasis
* All organisms live by performing a wide variety of chemical reactions
  - in temporally fluctuating environments
  - make heat shock proteins, also known as chaperones, in response to high temperatures
  - modify their environment as a function of survival
  - multiply or reproduce their own kind
  - obey the laws of chemistry and physics
  - obtain food, shelter, and other resources from their habitat
  - operate by the same metabolic principles and share many metabolic pathways
  - pass through a characteristic life cycle
  - perform cellular respiration in some form, including dragon flies
  - possess elaborate DNA repair machinery to maintain the integrity of the genome
* All organisms produce and excrete wastes
  - far more offspring than can survive to adulthood and reproduce
* All organisms produce more offspring than can possibly be supported by the limited resources
  - can survive in the world
  - their environment can support
  - wastes and eventually die
* All organisms reproduce in order to continue the species' life
  - to continue their species ' life
* All organisms require a specific supply of mineral nutrients for proper growth
  - steady supply of energy to stay alive
  - information to function
  - oxygen in some form in order to survive
  - resources to grow, reproduce, and survive
  - some source of energy to maintain life and growth
  - very similar elements when making more of themselves
* All organisms seem to be able to vary around an average type, but never far from the average
  - capable of orienting to gravity, even plants
  - sense and respond to nutrients
* All organisms share a common DNA base
  - genetic origin
  - common ancestors with other organisms
  - store valuable genetic makeup that once lost, is gone forever
* All organisms strive to pass as many genes onto the next generation as possible
  - survive on an individual and species level by regeneration and reproduction
  - take in energy and use it to perform many kinds of work
  - tend to increase in geometric proportion
* All organisms use energy to carry out functions such as movement , defense or growth
  - habitat that varies across numerous scales of space and time
  - natural resources to sustain themselves
  - photosynthesis to make food
  - the energy in chemical bonds to carryout the processes of life
  - vary considerably
* Any organism can experience pain and pleasure as long as it has the necessary receptors
  - has to keep up with any changes in their environment
* Every organism One in Many
  - begins as a single cell
  - consists of parts that can be arranged in increasing levels of complexity
  - contains only one gene per chromosome
  - develops certain adaptations and so does the population or a community
* Every organism has a food supply that it depends upon for life
  - niche- or role in the environment
  - range of inherited traits
* Every organism has a unique body plan
  - ecosystem within which it lives
  - genetic code, called the genotype
  - an important to play for the functioning of ecosystem
  - conditions conducive to growth and replication
  - devices to detect gravity
  - name in latin
  - to cope with an assortment of predators and parasites
  - two sets of chromosomes which are copies of genetic information
* Every organism is different some have more or less pairs of chromosomes
  - linked in some way to at least one other living thing
  - made of cells and every cell comes from another cell
  - placed into one of five kingdoms
  - subject to change
  - lives in their own environment
  - needs nutrients to build tissues and carry out life functions
* Every organism needs to find food, which is the basis of the food chain and food web
  - obtain energy in order to live
  - operates within a cycle of rest, regeneration and action
  - plays an important role in balancing and stabilizing nature
  - takes origin from a parent organism of the same kind
* Many Organisms display two of the three types described above.
* Many organisms add to reef structure including algae, molluscs, sponges and worms
  - adhere to matter
  - also benefit from metabolic or biochemical changes in cold weather
* Many organisms also have a pair of sex chromosomes, which differ between males and females
  - electron micrographs accompanying the description
* Many organisms are able to adapt to many different pH levels
  - regulate the metal concentrations in their tissues
  - expensive to maintain in terms of time and labor
  - in a delicate balance in the vagina
  - omnivores with variable diets
  - scavengers
  - specialized in decomposing other organisms
  - benefit when predators and their competition empty out their niche
  - build, modify or destroy physical structures in the environment
  - can breathe oxygen from seawater and eat hydrogen sulfide
* Many organisms can cause a paronychia
  - allergic type reactions such as headaches, runny nose and itchy eyes
  - contaminate food and water, and cause illness in humans
  - form mineral solids
  - harbor themselves without producing symptoms
  - only obtain their energy by feeding on other organisms
* Many organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually
  - sexually as well as asexually
  - change the pH of their substrate by producing by-products during growth
  - create their shells out of the mineral calcite
  - depend directly upon seagrasses for their survival
  - encountered in ophthalmic endophthalmitis are low-virulence organisms
  - find shelter either in the roots or branches of mangroves
  - function at very specific levels of bioactive metals
* Many organisms have body parts that have no function at all
  - common names
  - organs and systems
  - powerful control genes that determine how the body is laid out
  - protective spines, shells, or other defensive structures
  - similar body plans
  - that capacity
  - the ability to give rise to new individual organisms from their body parts
* Many organisms live among mangrove roots
  - for only a few minutes in the presence of silver
* Many organisms live in the soil
* Many organisms live on and in the human body
  - the exoskeleton and other organisms are internally parasitic in crayfish
  - together in relationships where one depends upon the other
* Many organisms make their home in the mangrove swamp
  - homes in the tops of trees
  - mimic other organisms, as an element of protective adaptation
  - modify or even create their own environments
  - neutralize their buoyancy by maintaining lightweight body fluids
  - only reproduce at certain times of the year, often just annually
  - produce solid and liquid waste
* Many organisms rely on eelgrass for cover, and on both eelgrass and algae for food
  - sound for echolocation or for communication
  - reproduce asexually
  - require special processing in order to obtain growth
  - seem to be restricted to water within some range of hardness
  - show distinct breeding cycles
  - use carbon to make calcium carbonate, a building material of shells and skeletons
* Most Organisms are already Well-Adapted, so any change is likely to be harmful.
* Most organisms absorb food
  - substances
  - toxic substances
  - affect health
* Most organisms are diploid
  - harmed by the non-toxic results of the oil being in the environment
  - known as animals
  - motile
  - sexual beings
  - still single-celled
  - attach to the cell linings, and have varying abilities to cause deeper tissue damage
  - attract predators
  - avoid exposure to the waves and wind by burying themselves under the sand
* Most organisms become fossils when they're changed through various other means
  - hosts
* Most organisms can become sensitized to the compound as well
  - do little to change the carrying capacity of their environments, but humans have
  - produce more offspring than are able to survive
  - respond to a stimulus that signals a potentially harmful event
  - survive if the temperature is within a certain range
* Most organisms cause gastrointestinal problems
  - respiratory problems
* Most organisms cause serious gastrointestinal problems
  - sickness
  - sleep sickness
  - consist of many different types of cell, each with a specific role to play
* Most organisms contain a gene that regulates cell division
  - antigen
  - different antigen
  - many different antigen
  - nitrogen compounds
  - demonstrate the same basic needs and metabolic processes
* Most organisms depend directly on others for nutrients and gases
  - on movement in their quest to survive
* Most organisms eat dead plants
  - fungi
  - prey
  - several kinds of food and therefore belong to more than one chain
  - feed on a wide variety of plants and animals
  - form two different types of gametes
  - get their chemical energy from the food they either produce themselves or ingest
* Most organisms go through asexual reproduction
  - incomplete metamorphosis
* Most organisms grow best at or near room and body temperature
  - poorly, if at all
* Most organisms have ability
  - activities
  - adaptive characteristics
  - amaze ability
  - appearances
  - bilateral symmetry
  - breadth
  - capability
* Most organisms have cell membranes
  - nuclei
  - cells that are diploid , i.e. having two sets of chromosomes
* Most organisms have certain characteristics
  - features
  - cilia
* Most organisms have common characteristics
  - patterns
  - constraints
  - definite shapes
  - differences
* Most organisms have different ecological roles
  - diploid stages
  - dispersal capability
  - distinct structures
  - exterior features
* Most organisms have female organs
  - reproductive organs
  - flat shapes
  - general and special adaptations
  - growth habits
  - heads
  - indefinite growth
  - life stages
  - limits
  - long necks
* Most organisms have low inertia
  - thermal inertia
* Most organisms have male organs
  - mandibles
* Most organisms have many chromosomes so there are many possible combinations
  - methods
  - multicellular stages
  - multiple sets of chromosomes
  - nuclear membranes
  - nucleotides
  - phases
  - phenotypes
  - porous membranes
* Most organisms have similar appearances
  - single nuclei
  - tendencies
  - thin membranes
  - thousands of genes, and most remain unidentified
  - vestigial organs
  - wide breadth
* Most organisms increase cell density
  - infect large intestines
* Most organisms inhabit humid places
  - same regions
  - lead to conditions
* Most organisms live in aquatic environments
  - extreme environments
  - fluctuate environments
  - hot water
  - humid environments
  - marine water
  - moist environments
  - oceans
  - open oceans
  - particular places
  - ponds
  - rivers
  - saltwater environments
  - same places
  - watery environments
  - zones
* Most organisms make life
  - now living are descendants of a few lines of early bacteria
* Most organisms obtain food
* Most organisms occur in aquatic environments
  - areas
  - habitats
  - muddy areas
* Most organisms play decisive roles
  - different roles
  - essential roles
  - important roles
  - lesser roles
  - vital roles
  - possess cilia
* Most organisms produce acid
  - antibodies
  - biomass
  - carbon dioxide
  - numbers
  - organic acid
  - recognize that 'green' means hold off
  - remain fertile until the ends of their life spans
  - reproduce sexually
* Most organisms require matter
* Most organisms share common attributes
  - particular attributes
* Most organisms show development
  - evidence
  - exponential growth
  - responses
* Most organisms survive conditions
  - disasters
* Most organisms survive for months
  - several weeks
  - harsh climates
  - natural disasters
* Most organisms undergo diurnal migration
  - evolution
* Most organisms use aerobic respiration
  - carbohydrates
  - digestion
  - extracellular digestion
* Most organisms use oxygen for respiration
  - to make from glucose
  - red light
  - some form of sexual reproduction based on meiosis
  - sunlight
  - visible light
* Some organism have two lives, a diploid and a haploid phase of their life cycle
  - spend most of their time in the diploid phase and others in the haploid phase
* Some organisms affect energy
  - manatees
* Some organisms also excrete gaseous waste through the respiratory system
  - invest a great deal of energy in mate selection and nest preparation
  - produce gas, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, as byproducts of fermentation
  - appear to be able to denitrify and remove phosphorus
* Some organisms are able to survive without oxygen in the human intestine
  - adapted to digest different foods at different stages of life
  - at different levels
  - beyond saving because they can no longer reproduce in the wild
  - burrowers to avoid drying out
  - capable of asexual or sexual reproduction
  - commercially important to people, such as fish or crabs
  - harmful to plants and humans
  - heterotrophic and thus unable to synthesize their own nutrients
* Some organisms are known as arthropods
  - insects
  - zooplankton
* Some organisms are located in animals
  - dogs
  - squirrels
  - made of only one cell and are called unicellular organisms
* Some organisms are made up of just one cell are called uni cellular
  - millions of cells
  - many celled and some are one celled
  - mere sacs full of eggs
  - more sensitive to changes in salt than others
  - observed alive while others are dead and preserved in various ways
  - one-celled organisms, like amoebas and bacteria
  - parasites, others are predators, and yet others are symbionts
  - sessile while others are free floating
  - strictly haploid
  - unicellular while others are multicellular
  - unicellular, such as bacteria, and others are multicellular such as animals
  - arrive on the snow through their association with animal excrement
  - assimilate ammonia by incorporation into amino acid glutamate
* Some organisms become adults
  - mature adults
  - pests
* Some organisms can change their color from drab to bright when threatened
  - contaminate water sources, and become airborne through humidifiers
  - either reproduce sexually or asexually
* Some organisms can even survive high doses of radiation
  - use mitosis to regenerate entire body parts
  - exude extracellular enzymes that can act on the sequestered proteins
  - infect cells and interfere with their normal activities and responses
  - liquefy it by producing hyaluronidase
  - metabolize glucose to acid only
  - reach maturity and divide in just ten to thirty minutes
* Some organisms can regenerate body parts
  - offspring from any part of their body
  - respire anaerobically when there lack of oxygen
  - survive for long periods of time out of water
* Some organisms can survive in a wide range of conditions, and are more tolerant of pollution
  - environments only when their needs are met
  - use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
* Some organisms cause brain infection
  - cholera
  - deadly diseases
  - death
  - deterioration
  - diarrhea
  - gastroenteritis
  - giardiasises
  - human cancer
  - illnesses
  - immunity
  - infectious diseases
  - malaria
  - pneumonia
  - respiratory diseases
  - ringworm
* Some organisms cause serious diseases
  - systemic infection
  - virus diseases
* Some organisms change body temperature
  - consist of a single cell and others are multicellular
* Some organisms consist of only a single cell, others have trillions
  - consume dead plants
* Some organisms contain a single chromosome, and some contain multiple chromosomes
  - chlorophyll pigment
  - chloroplasts
  - isotopes
  - light isotopes
* Some organisms depend on behaviors to maintain homeostasis
  - certain factors to trigger specific biological reactions e.g. spawning
  - material from dead plants and animals for food
  - other organisms to help digest their food
  - the decaying litter from a tree for food
  - derive food
  - directly invade the normal kidney, leading to acute bacterial pyelonephritis
  - divide in a different way, with a single parent forming an outgrowth, or bud
* Some organisms do affect more than one species
  - undergo chromosome diminution, but probably lose few if any coding sequences
* Some organisms eat animals
  - autotrophs
  - both plants and animals
  - herbivores
  - organic residues
  - other animals
  - phytoplankton
  - shellfishes
  - small zooplankton
  - snails
  - snakes
  - emit light continuously
  - employ even more radical variants of photosynthesis
  - enhance the growth of plants while others inhibit the growth of plants
  - extract water from the air, others get water from the oceans
  - feed at more than one trophic level
* Some organisms feed on herbivores
  - forgo the use of light for energy production entirely
* Some organisms get food
  - their energy from the sun, some get energy from plants
  - go to greater lengths still to deal with nitrogen
* Some organisms grow fast, reproduce quickly, and have abundant offspring each reproductive cycle
  - underwater where light intensity and quality decrease and change with depth
* Some organisms have abundances
  - attributes of both plants and animals
  - best shoots
  - brown fat
  - buds
  - cell walls
  - characters
  - chemical makeup
  - chromosome numbers
  - construction
  - different geographic ranges
  - distinct tropism
  - ears
  - endoderms
  - exoskeletons
  - external skeletons
  - flagella
  - flowers
  - genetic potential
  - hard outer skeletons
  - ideal temperature ranges
  - legs
  - limit ranges
  - locomotion
  - majorities
  - more genes than others, but all have some
  - no oxygen-carrying respiratory pigments, some have one type, others more
* Some organisms have only one cell, while more complicated organisms are made out of lots of cells
  - organ tropism
  - organelles
  - ovaries
  - poisonous substances
  - proboscises
  - same characters
  - similar metabolic pathways
  - specific areas
  - strategies
  - structures or organs that seem to serve no useful function
  - suckers
  - tails
  - teeth
  - the potential to persist indefinitely in the human host
  - tubes
  - unique body construction
  - wings
  - imitate the protective coloration of others
  - increase severity
* Some organisms infect animals
  - birds
  - deer
  - ileums
  - livestock
  - mice
  - pups
  - terminal ileums
  - invade tissue
* Some organisms just die, apparently from some sort of metabolic disruption
  - love sugar or other simple carbohydrates
  - kill fish
  - lack mouths
* Some organisms lead to cooperation
* Some organisms live as short as one day, while some plants and fungi can live thousands of years
  - exclusively in the runnels, pools left by the receding tide
* Some organisms live in bays
  - constant contact in a colony, for example colonial corals
  - guts
  - lakes
  - neighbouring populations
  - saltwaters
  - streams
* Some organisms live on herbivores
  - lice
  - the land, and some live in the water
  - only in caves, where they can be located and characterized
  - where the is no oxygen
  - living in Alaska have greater concerns with a lack of snow than trashed ski bottoms
  - look exactly like their parents, and others look very similar
* Some organisms make food
  - organic nutrients
  - own food
* Some organisms make their own food and others consume other organisms for energy
* Some organisms occur in abundances
  - nature and are only considered pollutants when found in drinking water
  - perish
* Some organisms possess centrioles
  - cytoskeletons
  - gills
  - prey on or compete with disease-causing organisms
* Some organisms produce antimicrobial substances such as antibiotics
  - calcium carbonate shells
  - certain compounds
  - chitin
* Some organisms produce complex compounds
  - different types of eggs that hatch on different cues
  - food and others serve as prey
  - gas by fermentation and the gas ruptures the agar
  - genetically similar offspring through asexual reproduction
  - methane
  - offspring by splitting into pieces
  - organic compounds
  - piluses
  - their own sunblock
  - relocate
  - rely on the presence of organisms of a different species
* Some organisms reproduce asexually and other organisms reproduce sexually
  - by only one type of reproduction and others can reproduce by both
* Some organisms require a specific habitat at a critical phase in their life
  - specialized substrates
* Some organisms respond by adapting
  - to a changing environment by moving to a new environment
  - seem more likely to live in one region or another
* Some organisms seem to accumulate zinc
  - be potentially immortal
  - prefer wood or other cellulosic substrates
* Some organisms show direct development
  - more plasticity than humans
  - phylogeny
  - simply match the backgrounds of their normal habitats
  - stay with a pressure gradient
* Some organisms survive and reproduce
  - extinction
  - for time
  - take refuge in remnant pools
  - threaten livestock
  - undergo binary fission
* Some organisms use a combination of strategies
* Some organisms use chemical energy
  - genus
  - inorganic compounds
  - one type of gamete, and can self-fertilize
  - photodamage to their advantage
  - radiant energy
  - rolling as a means of locomotion
  - solar energy
* absorb carbon via respiration or consumption
* accumulate oil components from the water, sediments, and their food.
* acquire toxic substances from the environment along with nutrients or water.
* act to move both energy and materials through ecosystems.
* adapt in all kinds of ways, including with their physiology
  - rapidly to regular events, whereas irregular events can continue to produce stress
  - so they can survive their constantly changing habitat
* adapt to changes in their environments
  - survive the best they can in their environment
* adapt to their dynamic environment using various strategies
* adjust to changes in their environment.
* also communicate within themselves
  - exchange nutrients, waste products, and gases with the environment
  - fossilize when they are buried in volcanic ash or entombed in tar or tree sap
  - have more specefic roles in certain environments
  - interact as parasites
  - use stem cells to replace damaged cells during their lifetime
* appear to have reached the land from the sea by way of estuaries and rivers.
* are a biotic , or living , part of the environment
  - product of their genetic history
* are able to reproduce either sexually or asexually
  - survive under conditions previously thought impossible
* are adapted to a certain range of factors, the extremes cause physical stress
  - survive in different conditions
  - affected by their environment in many ways
* are algorithms that are incarnated in DNA molecules and in proteins
  - written in binary code
* are also capable of liberating toxic substances
  - just machines
  - always in competition against other organisms of their own kind as well as predators
  - by nature active
* are capable of dies
  - producing huge numbers of offspring
  - characterized as autotrophs and heterotrophs
  - classified according to how closely they are related
* are classified based on characteristics
  - similiarities of structure
  - whether they are made up of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells
* are classified into any particular group because they have certain common characteristics
  - different categories based on common characteristics
  - three Domains and into one of six Kingdoms of life
  - coherent systems, while ecosystems are noncoherent systems
  - commensal in cattle
  - complex and highly organized systems that are far from maximum entropy
  - composed of one or more cells
  - connected by an arrow that points toward the creature consuming it
  - continually absorbing and returning nutrients to their environments
  - divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways
  - enclosed by physical structures
  - exposed to an environmental stimulus that leads to an altered phenotype
  - frequently present in the lungs, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes
  - grouped into tropic levels, divided into producers, consumers, and decomposers
  - heterotrophic and cells contain no cell walls
  - identified by their red color on acid-fast staining
* are in a constant battle with entropy and when they finally lose the war, they die
  - competition with eachother
  - indicative of the substrate they inhabit
  - individual living things
  - individuals of a species
  - interdependent upon each other and depend on their environments
* are made up of different kinds of cells and tissues
  - simpler units called cells
  - most likely to be seen in blood drawn during a febrile episode
  - motivated by pleasure and pain
  - never able to extract all of the available energy from their food
  - often transparent and jelly-like, with only a few coloured spots
* are open systems that interact continually with their environments
  - to the universe because they respire, excrete waste, generate heat, etc
  - organized wholes
  - part of ecosystems
  - physical systems, sure, but of course they are also so much more than physics
  - placed in various taxonomic groups based on evolutionary descent
  - plastic, environ- ments rigid
  - products of a history of descent with modification
  - pyritized when they are in marine sediments saturated with iron sulfides
  - rare and tend to be present in the necrotic areas
  - referred to by their most widely accepted common names
  - self-causing agencies
  - simply well-adapted to their local environment
  - square or rectangular, with infinitely variable patterns
* are the means used by genes to perpetrate themselves
  - product of millions of years of evolution
  - unicellular or multicellular
  - very good at separating isotopes and choosing one over the other
  - visible on smears stained with new methylene blue
* become adapted to changes in the environment as a result of natural selection
  - the environments they live in
  - airborne and infect the lungs
  - deceased and overtime are buried quickly
  - isolated as a result of environmental change
* belonging to the same or different species influence each other's development.
* break down the soluble, readily degradable compounds.
* burn food for the same reason.
* can adapt genetically or rely on phenotypic plasticity to cope in the warmer environment.
* can also decompose even without oxygen
  - enter the bladder on urinary catheters
  - exhibit fragmentation, regeneration, and parthenogenesis
  - imitate the behaviors of other organisms
  - obtain their energy by consuming other organisms
  - use chemosynthesis to attract prey or to attract a mate
* can be either unicellular or multicellular
  - single celled or multicellular
  - unicellular or multicellular- virus, bacterium, fungus, plants and animals
  - become better adapted within their lifetime by acquiring genetic characteristics
  - cover every square inch of a coral reef
  - eat or absorb energy
  - get into the central nervous system by several routes
  - have more than one connection
* can influence the modifying effects of the physical forces
  - pH of the soil solution
* can live at high altitude , either on land, or while flying
  - below the surface ice
  - closer to water surface and eventually move onto land
  - only in places where their needs are met
  - luminesce when they are disturbed
  - make either an active or a passive choice when choosing a mate
  - often compensate to an external stress such as acidification, at least up to a point
  - only live in an environment that they are suited to
* can only survive in environments in which their needs are met
  - which they can meet their needs
* can only survive in environments that can meet their needs
  - habitats where their needs are met
  - persist in endosomes and endolysosomes within cells
  - produce more progeny than can survive
  - repair some of their tissues, using mitosis to regenerate new cells
  - share similar traits through convergent evolution or through descent
  - stay preserved for hundreds of years
  - survive in high pH ranges and have been isolated from various teat dips
* can survive only in environments in which their needs are met
  - which their needs can be met
  - that meet their needs
  - habitats in which their needs can be met
* capture and store free energy for use in biological processes.
* carry two alleles for every trait.
* centrally are in cytoplasm of giant cell.
* change and are changed by their environment.
* change as the environment continues to change
  - they grow through their life cycle
  - in response to conditions in their environment
  - over time
  - properties
* cluster around hydrothermal vents in the ocean floor.
* collected include plankton, benthos, and nekton.
* colonizing the merotope form a merocenosis.
* come up with new inventions all the time to convert energy into fitness.
* commonly consume, and are consumed by, more than one other type of organism.
* compete for Resources
  - food, water, and other resources
  - resources such as space, water, light, food, and mates
  - the resources in a habitat
  - with each other for certain essential needs for survival
* composed of different parts are subject to dissolution.
* concentrate and extract elements from their environment.
* consist mostly of liquid water.
* constitute any living creature.
* consume both solid and liquid food substances by various methods
  - nutrients from a variety of different sources in the food chain
* contain antigen
* contain many different antigen
  - types of cells that perform many different functions
* containing gene products are valuable natural resources.
* continually evolve to new and often more complex forms as they adapt to new environments.
* covered include fungi, bacteria and invertebrates.
* create evolution
* deal with temperature extremes in ways besides simply being tough.
* decompose more quickly when they are in contact with oxygen.
* decrease numerically and are usually found in giant cells and histiocytes.
* depend on certain habitat conditions in order to survive and thrive
  - inorganic and organic factors
* depend on one another in other ways, too
  - to meet their needs
  - other organisms for food, shelter, protection, and reproduction
  - the cohesion of water molecules
  - upon many biotic and abiotic factors in their environment to survive
* derive nourishment
* desire lives.
* detect, respond, and compete for resources in their physical and biological environment.
* develop as result of blueprint of instructions encoded in their genes
  - hard parts, providing additional protection from UV and predation
* die as a result of the low levels of oxygen
  - if surrounded by too many neighbours or by too few
  - more or less equally at each age interval
* die, populations decline, and species become extinct.
* differ in how many of the molecules in their cells they can construct for themselves
  - the ways they obtain energy
  - their character, size, nutrition, habit and habitat
* display a variety of sexual life cycles
  - enormous fidelity in their developmental and growth patterns
  - heritable variations among themselves
  - variation among themselves
* do act selfishly
  - struggle for survival
* drift naturally in the environment.
  - to obtain energy and materials to build cells and body structures
* eating other animals are called carnivores.
* enters mouth to blood and then to kidney and placenta.
* establish themselves in a new environment.
* eventually die as they get older.
* evolve to resist fires in regions where fire natural phenomenon
  - within eco-systems so that the change of one organism affects the change of others
* exist in environments that vary in time and over space
  - to reproduce, whereas, outside religious belief, rocks and stars have no purpose
* expend energy with each action, including neural activity.
* fall into one of two categories depending on how they obtain energy.
* feed on more than one species.
* feeding on droppings find their way to browse and are unknowingly consumed by moose
  - the herbivores, called carnivores, occupy the next trophic level
* find ways to adapt to new environments or toxic materials.
* float more easily in a more viscous liquid.
* follow evolutionary paths that are primarily exploitive.
* form food chains and ecosystems
  - natural groups of more or less similar individuals
* generally belong to several different food chains that are linked to form a food web
  - prefer to eat the most energy-rich organisms they can find
* get from an initial site of infection via the blood to normal or abnormal heart valves.
* give off heat, carbon dioxide, and nutrients as they consume residue
  - rise to others of the same type
* grow and develop
  - reproduce by copying their genetic material, creating eggs and sperm
  - respond to their environment
  - because cells are dividing to produce more and more cells
  - by selecting and reassembling the materials of the medium in which they live
  - from birth till death
  - on limestone, shaping the spire shapes
  - up to resemble their parents
* grow, change, and die over time
  - develop and eventually die
* growing, changing and becoming more complex are part of development.
* grows slowly.
* have a much greater range of endurance than of activity
  - variety of mechanisms to combat disease
  - an inherent capability of protecting their species through reproduction
  - anatomical similarities when they are closely related because of common descent
  - backup systems
* have basic needs and can only survive in environments where their needs are met
  - survive only in environments in which their needs can be met
  - such as air, food, and water
  - needs, such as food, water, air, space, and shelter
  - behavioral responses to internal changes and to external stimuli
  - cellulose
  - codes in their genetic material telling how to make new instances
  - determinate growth
  - means of reproduction
* have diploid phases
  - habitats, ranges, and ecological niches in ecosystems
  - haploid stages
* have limit ability
* have many common characteristics
  - different systems for repairing DNA lesions
  - distinct and unique features which they use for survival
  - marvelous mechanisms for detecting and repairing genetic damage
* have no control over variation
  - time to develop resistant strains unlike antibiotic use
  - particular roles in ecosystems, and interact in a variety of ways
  - receptors, which are molecules that detect specific stimuli
  - ribosomes
  - several different organizational levels
  - sex cells called gametes
  - specific requirements for survival including specific environmental conditions
  - system control subsystems, while ecosystems have no role for such a subsystem
* have the potential to change the abiotic composition of their ecosystem
  - reproductive capacity to produce far more offspring than can survive
* have to be better adapted as population size increases
  - compete for space to grow and hold on and there is competition for food
  - face many environments, variable both in space and in time
  - have a unique niche in order to survive
  - make tradeoffs because the energy is finite
* have two forms of nucleic acid
  - ways they can get behaviours
  - unique and diverse life cycles
  - various methods to control their salt intake
* having gametangial meiosis are fundamentally diploid
  - zygotic meiosis are fundamentally haploid
* here have adaptations to see and keep from being seen.
* however can change in man's memory too.
* immediately decrease ventilation to retain carbon dioxide
  - increase ventilation to blow off carbon dioxide
* include algas
  - green plants
  - multicellular algas
  - protozoans
* includes cell membranes
  - corpi
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - vacuoles
* including shrimp to fish to whales consume phytoplankton as a means to survive.
* increase in height, weight etc. to exhibit growth
  - size and the number of cells they possess
  - size, that is, grow, and also decay
* infect intestines
* infecting the genital tract have the easiest time of all.
* influence their environment and the environment influences organisms.
* inhabit habitats
  - specific microhabitats within the environment of a general habitat
* inherit their genes from their parents
  - two alleles for each trait
  - various kinds of developmental information and cues from their parents
* interact and are interdependent in various ways
  - in many other ways besides predator and prey
* interact with one another in various ways besides providing food
* interact with other organisms and the physical environment
  - in fundamental ways
* interact with their environment in many different ways
  - environments, exchanging matter and energy
* invade circulating erythrocytes and begin multiplying asexually.
* invades as far as hilar nodes before immunologic response is triggered.
* invest a considerable amount of time and energy into reproducing.
* involved in fermentation include bacteria and yeast.
* is dependent upon external environmental heat
  - internal, metabolic heat
  - dimorphic, grows as mold in soil and as yeast in skin
  - found only in humans
  - halophillic and needs salt to live
  - spherical to sub- spherical and covered by circular plates called coccoliths
* keep internal conditions stable by process called homeostasis
  - to one group of plants for their feeding
* killed by pathogens contribute organic matter for nutrient cycling.
* lack chloroplasts.
* learn associations between stimuli and events.
  - deep water
  - geothermally heated marine sediments worldwide
  - together, and affect each other's survival
* live, grow and reproduce in places where, and at times when, conditions are suitable.
* lives in vagina and urethra of women and urethra and prostate glad of men.
* living in such extreme environments show a fascinating array of biochemical adaptations
  - the environment react in a variety of ways to arsenic exposure
  - on the fossil carbonate platforms are diverse and vary significantly with depth
  - there are called the pelagos
  - today show no relationship to organisms living billions of years ago
* lose water thmugh evaporation, urinating, and by osmosis.
* lower the freezing point by adding solutes, sort of like antifreeze.
* made of one cell are unicellular.
* maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life.
  - or seek out sources of energy
  - other organisms like themselves
* mature slowly, are long lived.
* multiply in the intestine causing abdominal pain and diarrhea.
* obtain energy in one of two ways
  - most calories from fats, proteins, disaccharides and polysaccharides
* obtain oxygen in various ways
  - through diffusion, absorption, inhalation, and pores
* occupy nearly all parts of the earth
  - specific living areas
  - the soil and in the intestinal tract of herbivors
* often adapt to new hosts, and plant breeders seek new defenses
  - consume and are consumed by more than one other organism
  - enters thru skin lacerations - cause by bites for other pigs competing for food
  - evolve to mimic something else, usually for protection
* often respond to their environment by changing the way they look or behave
  - through adaptation
* only go extinct when catastrophes occur.
* penetrate host cells causing necrosis.
* perceive the environment and react to it.
* pick up information from the environment.
* placed in the same genus are least closely related.
* play different important roles in an ecosystem
  - more than one role in an ecosystem
  - valuable roles
* possessing chlorophyll are able to use solar energy through photosynthesis.
* present a greater complexity of structure, power of adaptation, and variety of function.
  - many types of waste
  - more offspring than actually survive
* produce more offspring than can possibly survive in the world
  - offspring that are similar to the parent or parents
  - only one type of gamete
* produced asexually are virtually identical copies, or clones, of a single parent.
* radiate away from their original environment.
* range from very common to rare
  - viruses to bacteria, fungi, protozoans and other macroorganisms
  - in size from microscopic to huge whales
* react to change in their surroundings.
* react, grow, move, pass through phases and interact.
* recognize others as members of their own species.
* reflect their food source.
* release carbon in the form of carbon dioxide gas by respiration
  - energy back into the biosphere as heat
* rely on the factors for survival.
* represent the combined effects of thousands of genes working in concert.
* reproduce after their own kinds.
* reproduce and pass along the traits from one generation to the next
  - traits from on generation to the next
  - asexually when they produce offspring without the fusion of gametes
  - in a wide variety of ways
  - less frequently
  - offspring of their own kind
  - to perpetuate the species
* reproducing through binary fission grow in numbers exponentially.
* require different environmental conditions during different stages of their life-cycle
  - energy in the form of chemical bonds
  - free energy to grow and reproduce
  - specific balances or ratios of nutrients
* resemble their closest relatives more than distant relatives.
* respond the changes by initiating internal chemical changes.
* respond to changes and vagaries in the environment
  - in their external environments
  - elevated temperatures by rapidly inducing HSPs
* respond to internal and external stimuli in their environment
  - or environmental stimuli
  - stimuli from their environment
* retard the process of energy-dissipation.
* return nitrogen to the atmosphere through decay.
* secrete the shell in the form of scales or pieces in a gelatinous covering.
* seek to maintain homeostasis at all biological levels of organization.
* serve a variety of functions in the soil ecosystem.
* share attributes.
  - characteristics of life
  - energy from the sun in the food web
  - migration patterns
  - differentiations
  - similarities in structure and development unrelated to function
* so created can start, after the development phase, to reproduce.
* sometimes adapt to and with other organisms.
* starve to death because air and water pollution contaminates their food supply.
* struggle for their survival every day and many have developed specialized adaptations.
* survive climates
  - drought
  - in an ecosystem by being in a food chain or adapting to the resident food web
  - primarily by chance rather than some inherent superiority over other organisms
  - through inclement weather
* swim into the funnel opening and are unable to find their way back out.
* take in and transform energy to do work, including the maintenance of their ordered state
  - food, or nutrients
* tend to be complex and highly organized
  - homeostatic
  - of low virulence
* tend to have little to no parental care
  - longer gestation periods and developing offspring are protected
  - increase geometrically a
  - marginate at the periphery of defects
  - produce offspring like themselves
* therefore compete with each other for the limited resources.
* thrive in conditions that best meet their needs.
  - structural changes which are congruent with the medium in which they exist
  - camouflage to mask their location , identity, and movement
  - carbohydrates in many ways
* use cellular respiration to make usable energy
  - energy to move, grow, reproduce, and more
  - kidneys
* use many different resources
  - elements to build their structures and functions
  - oxidation-reduction reactions to gain and transfer energy
  - three different classes of redox centers in enzymes
  - various strategies to regulate body temperature and metabolism
  - water to make shells or bones
* used are non-pathogenic, but can cause infection when in contact with open wounds.
* usually become dormant in places hav- ing fairly uniform environments
  - have five basic needs
* vary in a heritable fashion
  - different areas of the same type of biome
  - their degree of susceptibility to any chemotherapeutic
  - tremendously in there requirements for oxygen
* vary, and the variations are inherited by their offspring.
* view xenobiotics as another electron acceptor choice.
* work together to keep their ecosystem healthy and productive.
+ Environment: Biology :: Ecology :: Earth sciences
  * Living things do not simply exist in their environment. They constantly interact with it. Organisms change in response to conditions in their environment. The environment consists of the interactions among plants, animals, soil, water, temperature, light, and other living and non-living things.
+ Extinction, Reasons: Evolutionary biology :: Extinction events
  * Darwin thought that most extinctions occurred because some organisms became more effective, and replaced their less advanced competitors. No doubt that does occur, but the view now is that environmental change is  more important. Organisms become adapted to the environments they live in. The environment certainly does change, and sometimes quite dramatically. When it does, some organisms can adapt to the changes, and some cannot. The ones that cannot become extinct.
+ Instinct, Biological function: Psychology :: Ethology
  * Organisms have two ways they can get behaviours. One way is learn, by observation, and by repeating things which have a pleasant outcome. The other way is to inherit the behaviour pattern by heredity.
+ Motile: Physiology
  * An organism is called 'motile' if it can move on its own. Most organisms are motile. Organisms that cannot move themselves are called 'sessile'.
  * An 'organism' is a living thing. It is easy to recognise a living thing, but not so easy to define it. Animals and plants are organisms, obviously. Organisms are a biotic, or living, part of the environment. Rocks and sunshine are parts of the non-living environment.
  * Organisms usually have five basic needs. However, not all living things need all these at the same time. Many organisms do not need access to air at all.
  * Some organisms are made up of millions of cells. They are multicellular organisms. Many can be seen without using a microscope.
+ Permineralization, Types, Pyritization: Fossils :: Paleontology
  * Organisms are pyritized when they are in marine sediments saturated with iron sulfides. Raiswell R. 1997. Journal of the Geological Society'. '154', 343-356.
+ Reproduction: Biological reproduction
  * Reproduce' is to create or recreate something. In biology, the two types of reproduction are sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves two organisms of the same species, each supplying half the genes for the descendant. Most bacteria reproduce by asexual reproduction. Some organisms can either reproduce sexually or asexually.
+ Stem cell: Developmental biology :: Cells
  * When an organism grows, stem cells specialize, and take specific functions. For instance, mature tissues like skin, muscle, blood, bone, liver, nerves, all have different types of cell. Because stem cells are not yet differentiated, they can change to become some kind of specialized cells. Organisms also use stem cells to replace damaged cells during their lifetime.