### activity | care:

Palliative care
* accepts that the act of dying social activity, a natural and inevitable event.
* affirms life and regards dying as a natural process
  - while recognizing that death is part of living
* aims to control any distressing pain or symptoms, and to keep patients comfortable.
* begins at the point when the focus of care shifts from cure to comfort.
* can be helpful at any stage of a life-threatening or chronic illness
  - help people to live more comfortably
* can improve function and quality of life for people with most chronic illnesses
  - the quantity and quality of one s remaining life
* emphasizes quality, rather than length of life.
* fast-growing specialty in medicine.
* focuses on the control of symptoms.
* has to do with the relief of symptoms of a disease or disorder.
* includes action to reduce physical, emotional, spiritual and psycho-social distress.
* involves more than appropriate management of symptoms.
* is an area of medicine which has seen rapid advance in recent years
  - important aspect of clinical research getting more attention
* is care directed to relief of symptoms rather than or along with cure
  - given to reduce pain when one chooses to forego life-prolonging treatments
* is comprehensive care for people with incurable illnesses
  - life-limiting illness
* is designed to provide symptom management of end stage disease and other conditions
  - relieve suffering at the end of life
  - much more than pain management, and is specific to end-stage disease
  - one of the fastest growing and most demanding nursing specialities in the world
  - particularly important in people with advanced disease
  - provided in the comfort, privacy and familiarity of home
  - simply comfort care
  - something all human beings have in common
  - special care given to patients who are dying
  - still underdeveloped in many parts of the world
  - the provision of pain management and comfort to a dying person
* is, par excellence, care that is given through the medium of a human relationship.
* means different things to different people
  - to stop all aggressive treatment
* opposes legalization of euthanasia.
* responds to physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs.
* special form of disinterested charity.
* strives to help patients stay as comfortable as possible in a home-like setting.
* way of caring for people who are living with a terminal illness
  - the dying

### activity | care:

Parental care
* helps young survive in crowded, competitive environments.
* improves offspring survival and growth in burying beetles.
* is essential for young animals in the trees
  - the responsibility of mothers
* is unknown in land snails
  - lizards, but in some forms the female broods, or cares for the eggs
  - vital, with the male seahorse undergoing a full pregnancy
* is, therefore, a form of altruism readily explained by kin selection.
* special case of kin selection.
* varies in different species of amphibians.

Pastoral care
* is rooted in 'caritas' or the charism of charity
  - seen as an integral part of the overall care of body, mind and spirit
  - viewed as both personal and communal, a ministry of pastoral and lay leaders
* significant part of total, integrated health care.

Paternal care
* declines with increased opportunity for extra-pair matings in fairy martins.
* enhances male reproductive success in pine engraver beetles.

Patient care
* is compromised when health care is viewed strictly as a business.
* is the arena in which the clinical skills of the resident develop
  - life blood of emergency medicine
* social service, and society thrives on values.

Pharmaceutical care
* involves the prevention, identification and resolution of drug-related problems.
* is very time intensive, especially in the developmental stages.
* patient-centered, outcomes oriented, pharmacy practice.
* practice philosophy that embraces positive outcomes.