### plant | tracheophyte:

Vine
* Many vines are perennial and can live for many years.
* Most vines are fast-growing and take up little ground space
  - attract hummingbirds
* Most vines bear flowers
  - small white flowers
  - climb by twining rather than clinging
* Most vines develop flowers
  - roots
  - die during winter
  - feature stamens
  - get sunlight
* Most vines grow along paths
  - from plants
* Most vines grow in control environments
  - rainforests
* Most vines grow on edges
  - trees
  - up to feet
* Most vines have bases
  - branches
  - fruit
  - leaves
* Most vines produce crops
  - female flowers
  - melons
  - provide nutrients
* Most vines require salt water
  - retain leaves
* Some vine snakes prey on snakes.
* Some vines attain height
  - attract bees
* Some vines bear fruit
  - inferior fruit
* Some vines cause nitrate poison
  - even become trees
  - grow moisture
* Some vines grow on floors
  - forest floors
* Some vines grow optimal moisture
  - soil moisture
  - seeds
  - very fast, while others struggle
  - growing on trees have large branches extending away from trees at eye level
* Some vines have evergreen leaves, while others are deciduous
  - lids
  - little tendrils
  - more than one trunk
  - only male flowers and are barren
  - perfect branches, heavy foliage, and pretty blossoms, but NO fruit
  - make up diets
  - possess caterpillars
* Some vines prevent diseases
  - fungus diseases
* Some vines produce edible fruit
  - fruit that can be different colored each vintage
  - leaflets
  - more leaves than grapes
  - rapid vertical growth with few lateral branches except near the top
  - winter fruit
  - reach feet
  - survive temperature
  - yield flowers
* absorb all fall damage, even without a solid surface nearby.
* also damage trees in indirect ways
  - provide evaporative cooling as the plants pump water from the soil
* are another adaptation for living in the upper layers of the tropical forest
  - source of shading and cooling in the summer
  - attacked by various nematodes, of which the root-knot nematode is the most important
  - bad for trees in several ways
  - capable of blooming in late summer and producing viable seed the first year
  - climber plants like lianas
* are difficult to control because most are woody perennials with deep root systems
  - kill
  - dormant during the winter season
  - everywhere in the rainforest and compete with other plants for light, water and nutrients
  - important in cooling desert buildings by a process known as passive cooling
  - intolerant of shade and grow toward light
  - killed by frost and the seeds overwinter in the soil
* are located in forests
  - jungle
* are often invasive and can be especially difficult to kill
  - one of the hardest weeds to get rid of
  - part of jungle
  - parthenocarpic, requiring no pollinators for fruit set
  - perennial, deciduous climbing plants
  - stations
  - terrestrial organisms
  - vascular plants
  - fruit two to three years after planting two year old canes
  - male and female flowers
* can be long and woody, but they lack a crown
  - bloom in spring, summer, or fall
* can climb trellises, twine around poles, tumble over stumps or spill from rocks
  - with the help of wires, trellises, arbors and bricks
* can grow for a hundred years, though production is reduced as they get older
  - over tree canopies within a couple of years and kill individual branches by girdling
  - quickly cover most fences, including chain-link fences
  - shade building walls to further reduce cooling energy costs
  - tolerate the removal of sap by mealybugs, but their excrement is the main cause of damage
* climb in different ways
  - on other plants or on inanimate structures like a fence or a wall
  - or spread by aerial rootlets
  - to get up where they can surmount the other plants, including trees
* compete for the marrow of trees winter-thin to make room for the lesser light.
* connect the ground and sky.
* creep upward, and balcony geraniums have grown into entire jungles.
* crops such as squash, pumpkins and cucumbers produce two type of flowers - male and female.
* decay and branches fall.
* decline in vigor.
* deteriorate rapidly after appearance of symptoms.
* die back to the fully subterranean tuber in the late spring, or when it gets hot
  - ground every year
* do best in full sun and bloom poorly in more than a half-day of shade.
* drop their leaves in winter.
* feature fruit
  - purple fruit
* freeze back to the ground and reappear in warm weather.
* grow from buds on a root crown at the soil surface
  - nooks and crannies, trailing and twining
  - long, so give the plant the support of a tall cage or stake
* grown on an arbor can give shade much sooner than most trees can.
* hate to have their roots in water so soil forms with clay are to be avoided.
* have a length to which they crawl or climb
  - slender, flexible trunk that is mostly made up of water conducting tissues
  - roots which cling to aerial structures
  - some of the widest water-conducting tubes in plants
  - tendrils to attach to other plants
* help the plant to attach to surfaces, and to climb trees.
* includes cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - vacuoles
* lasts for years and years.
* mainly grow in hot or temperate regions.
* make good hiding places or nesting sites for birds.
* need sunlight
* often climb surrounding vegetation and structures toward sunlight.
* prefer a loose, well-drained soil containing some organic matter.
  - male and female flowers separately on the same plant
* provide a food source as well as cover and nesting opportunities
  - habitats
* require care
* serves as screens, ground covers, and hiders of unsightly walls and fences.
* slowly wither and die, the symptoms mimicking other root disorders.
* tomatoes, however, normally respond positively to pruning.
* turn yellow and wilt around fruiting time.
* use trees as ladders to reach the sunlight.
+ Leaf, Leaf adaptations: Plant anatomy