ontocord/MixtureVitae-genericsKB huggingface dataset:
### animal | vertebrate | bird | raptor | hawk | falcon:

Peregrine falcon
* Most peregrine falcons capture prey
  - feed on birds
* Most peregrine falcons have anatomies
  - external anatomies
  - keen vision
  - taper wings
* Most peregrine falcons occupy areas
  - regions
  - occur in habitats
* Most peregrine falcons perch in tall trees
  - prefer habitats
* Some peregrine falcons eat birds
  - insects
  - many birds
  - reptiles
  - small reptiles
  - form pair bonds
  - kill birds
  - mate for life
* Some peregrine falcons prey on birds
  - small birds
* Some peregrine falcons reach maturity
  - sexual maturity
* are aggressive in defense of their nests
  - birds of prey
  - cliff-dwelling raptors that once ranged through most of North America
  - common on the Texas coast during migration
  - medium-sized hawks with long pointed wings
  - occasional visitors in shrublands and grasslands
* catch birds.
* form monogamous pair bonds that often last throughout many breeding seasons.
* is larger, has wider wings, shorter tail, single heavy moustache.
* live here
  - mostly along mountain ranges, river valleys, and coastlines
* nest on cliffs.
  - open habitats, such as grasslands, tundra, and meadows
* prey on other birds and almost always catch their prey in flight
  - pigeons, ducks, blackbirds, and other birds
  - primarily on birds such as pigeons, sandpipers, blackbirds, and waterfowl
  - upon a variety of other birds such as grouse, mallards and other birds
* thrive there, as do endangered pronghorn antelope and black sea turtles.

Prairie falcon
* eat a wide variety of prey including mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects.
* nest on ledges.

Sparrow hawk
* Some sparrow hawks eat birds.
* prey on small birds and insects.

Ferruginous hawk
* are birds of open country.
* bird of paradoxes.
* depend on only a few prey species.
* have a natural range in colour, from very dark to light.
* rely primarily upon rodents found in their grassland ecosystems.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | raptor | hawk:

Goshawk
* also take reptiles and insects.
* are a potential indicator species
  - birds of prey
  - generally non-migratory
  - migratory birds whose population usually fluctuates with that of hares
  - opportunistic predators whose diets vary considerably depending upon prey availability
  - usually silent except when they are courting
* eat a variety of diurnal birds of prey including kestrels, buzzards, and kites
  - birds and small mammals
* lives from the Arctic to Mexico, so it can survive in many environments.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | raptor | hawk | goshawk:

Northern goshawk
* are monogamous and mate for life.
* use a variety of habitats during the nesting period.

Large hawk
* Most large hawks spend much of their time perched on tall trees or poles.
* Some large hawks are bigger than some small eagles.

Migrant hawk
* begin appearing in numbers.
* take advantage of the redirected winds and glide on set wings above the tree tops.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | raptor | hawk:

Osprey
* also eat rodents, birds small vertebrates and crustaceans.
* are common during migration in the spring and fall especially near water bodies
  - fish eaters
  - great fun to watch while they fish
  - highly susceptible to egg thinning by pesticide contamination
  - know to be territorial
  - obligate fish-eaters in Yellowstone Lake
  - primarily monogomous and generally return to the same mate year after year
  - skilled hunters
  - specialists, and eagles are generalists
  - usually only present where the water is clean and food is plentiful
* build a nest of sticks high in a tree or on a sea cliff.
* can catch and eat live fish only, with few exceptions.
* carry their fish head-first, to reduce the drag as they fly with their prize.
* continue to add on to their nests, which are used year after year.
* have a unique fishing style
  - way of carrying their food
  - worldwide distribution and can be found on almost every continent except Antarctica
* is the name of a tour from Journeys Latin America.
* make noises and show off their feathers
  - their nests in trees, atop power poles and on Osprey platforms near bodies of water
* occasionally nest in large colonies.
* typically carry fish with the head held forward.
* usually mate for life
  - outnumber humans

### animal | vertebrate | bird | raptor | hawk | osprey:

Young osprey
* are capable of breeding by their third year of life.
* have to learn how to hunt on their own.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | raptor | hawk:

Tarantula hawk
* are also nectarivores , meaning they eat the nectar of flowers
  - found in India , southeast Asia , Africa , Australia and the Americas
+ Tarantula hawk, Behavior: Wasps
  * Then the wasp drags the tarantula to her burrow or takes it to a specially made nest, where it lays a single egg on the tarantula's abdomen. Once the egg hatches the larva makes a hole in the tarantula's abdomen. It then crawls into the tarantula and feeds on the insides. After a few weeks the larva pupates. After a while the wasp turns into an adult and comes out of the tarantula's abdomen. Tarantula hawks are also nectarivores, meaning they eat the nectar of flowers. Unlike the females, males do not hunt for tarantulas. Instead they feed on the nectar of flowers of milkweeds, western soapberry trees, or mesquite trees, which the females also feed on
  - Where they live
  * Tarantula hawks are found in India, southeast Asia, Africa, Australia and the Americas. In the Americas they can be found as far north as Salt Lake City, Utah in the U.S.A to as far south as Argentina in South America

Young hawk
* develop quickly.
* have different kinds of feathers than adult hawks.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | raptor | owl:

Barn owl
* Most barn owls feed on rodents
  - small rodents
* Most barn owls have habits
  - senses
* Most barn owls live in habitats
  - out of the weather in barns and old empty buildings
  - make noise
  - rely on rodents
* Some barn owls have distribution
  - mate for life
* affect the populations of the mammal and bird species that they prey upon.
* are a golden buff colour with a white heart-shaped face and a small beak
  - agriculturally valuable predators
  - also host to several parasites
  - cavity nesters
  - found in a variety of habitats from cities to rural areas
  - hosts to a wide range of parasites
  - located in lofts
  - monogamous
  - more nocturnal than other owls
  - naturally an owl of open countryside
  - rather sedentary birds and no truly migratory populations are known
  - such efficient hunters that it is suspected that they spend much time loafing
* are usually monogamous , sticking to one partner for life unless one of the pair dies
  - more specialist feeders in productive areas and generalists in drier areas
  - very pale in color
  - vocal while breeding, but quiet during the rest of the year
* begin hunting alone after sunset
  - one hour after sunset
* breed essentially any time of the year, depending upon food supply
  - once per year
* can find a mouse by listening to it rustle across the ground
  - have up to two broods a year if the hunting is good
  - hear and capture a mouse in a completely dark room
* chicks nesting in box.
* communicate with vocalizations and physical displays.
* eat about three rats or mice a day
  - mainly rats and mice
  - rats, rabbits, sparrows and insects
* fly nightly from their nest-box for a third consecutive year.
* form monogamous, long-lasting pair bonds.
* get their name from where they live.
* have an amazing ability to locate prey by sound
  - huge wing spans
  - long wings and long, lightly-feathered legs
  - many weird ways of protecting themselves
  - small dark eyes in a white heart-shaped face and long legs
  - symmetrical accommodation in both eyes, but independent pupillary responses to light
  - the remarkable ability to locate a mouse in absolute darkness
* hunt open fields, flying low over the ground in search of prey
  - small mammals such as mice, voles , shrews, rats, muskrats , hares and rabbits
* inhabit vacant structures on wildlife areas.
* is an owl
* like to use camouflage.
* limit rodent pest populations, benefiting farmers and others.
* live from five to seven years.
* live in United States, South Africa, Europe, South Asia and Australia
* make a wide variety of sounds
  - nest when it is about to breed
* rely on open fields for hunting
* save extra food to eat later, especially during the breeding season.
* use the nest boxes in the marsh.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | raptor | owl:

Snowy owl
* Most snowy owls have claws
  - eyes
  - golden claws
  - metabolism
  - types
  - yellow eyes
* Some snowy owls eat carnivores
  - fish
  - have time
  - inhabit northern tundra
  - learn to raid traplines set out by trappers
* adapt characteristic features
* affect the populations of animals that they eat.
* are almost all white with scattered dark spots
  - carnivorous
  - generally solitary and territorial
  - killed by humans for food , trophies , and to protect game animals
  - mostly white with narrow, sparse brown bars and spots
  - native to Arctic regions in North America and Eurasia
  - predominantly white with dusky brown spots and bars
  - territorial on their breeding areas, and sometimes their wintering areas as well
  - the largest bird species in the arctic
  - well-adapted for life in the Arctic Circle
  - white with brown spots and bars
* breed once annually if sufficient prey are available.
* communicate with each other with a series of shrieks and hoots.
* have yellow eyes and very good vision
* help to control populations of lemmings and other rodents.
* inhabit areas.
* live in the arctic tundra
  - on the tundra
* make their nests on the ground but they chose their nesting place very carefully.
* store extra food on a perch.
* use sight , sound and touch to communicate and understand their environment.

Spectacled owl
* are cavity nesters, seeking out holes in trees to nest.
* have an unmistakable face pattern.
* make a deep, hooting sound and can be easily attracted to tapes of their voice.

Spot owl
* Some spot owls require protection.
* inhabit forest habitats

### animal | vertebrate | bird | raptor | owl:

Spotted owl
* are birds
  - common in every area of the world
  - known to be relatively tame birds, often unfazed by the presence of humans
  - one of the few owls that have dark colored eyes
* depend on the canyons each fall as they migrate to lower elevations.
* have wings, feathers, and beaks.
* inhabit the wilderness as well as barred owls, pileated woodpeckers, and goshawks.
* is an owl
* prefer old-growth and are threatened by logging
  - to nest in tree hollows or in inaccessible cliff crannies
* prey on rodents, and mountain lions prey on deer.
* require old growth forest habitat for their survival.

True owl
* are found on every continent except Antarctica
  * They are one of the two families of owls, with 189 living species in 25 genera. The other family is the barn owls. True owls are found on every continent except Antarctica

Typical owl
* vary greatly in size.
+ True owl, Morphology: Strigiformes
  * Typical owls vary greatly in size. The smallest is the Elf owl. Its weight is a hundred times less than the largest, the Eurasian Eagle owl and Blakiston's Fish owl. Most owls have very similar bodies. Handbook of the Birds of the World. They have large heads, short tails, and round facial circles around the eyes.

Young owl
* Many young owls jump out of their nest before they can fly.
* emerge from the burrow at approximately two weeks of age.
* fledge when they are about eight weeks old.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | raptor | vulture:

Turkey vulture
* Turkey Vultures are affectionate and often make good pets
  - considered partial migrants
  - different from the other raptors
  - fairly easy to identify, even without binoculars
  - large dark birds with long, broad wings
  - large, dark brown birds with relatively small heads and tails
  - majestic but unsteady soarers
  - more closely related to storks than to the other raptors
  - scavengers, eating nearly any carrion they find
  - uncommon to rare in the drier portions of the Columbia Basin, even as migrants
  - unusual among birds in that they have a well-developed sense of smell
  - very useful to humans
  - eat carrion, which they find largely by their excellent sense of smell
  - tend to congregate in small to large groups, for both roosting and feeding
  - use anthropogenic thermals to extend their daily activity period
* breed once yearly.
* escape a lot of predation by being large birds.
* have a dark brown body with a red head and white-tipped bill
  - keen sense of smell
* have an easier time finding carrion because they have an excellent sense of smell
  - extraordinary sense of smell
* help to rid the landscape of road kill and other carcasses.
* hover in waterside trees and spring peepers herald the changing season.
* lack the white head and tail of an adult eagle.
* occupy a wide variety of habitats.
* rock while in flight.
* track the stench of decaying flesh to ferret out the carrion they eat.
* use the mound as a roost site.

Ratite
* All ratites are flightless.
* Some ratites care for more than one clutch at a time.
* are birds
  - flightless birds such as ostriches, emus, and rheas
  - the oldest of modern bird families
* have feathers which are quite good for insulation and utterly useless for flight
  - flat breastbones with no keel
### animal | vertebrate | bird:

Rhea
* Most rheas have claws
  - wings
* Some rheas eat insects.
* Some rheas have expectancy
  - life expectancy
  - plumages
  - toes
* Some rheas live in grassland
  - open grassland
* abound in Patagonia.
* also like to consume agricultural crops.
* are able to reproduce when they are two or three years old
  - also relatives of the ostrich
  - brownish instead of black like the ostrich and have three toes instead of two
  - gregarious and they generally live in mixed groups of males, females and juveniles
* are large South American birds similar to ostriches
  - birds that look similar to ostriches
  - native to South America
  - omnivorous, preferring broad-leafed plants and clover
  - planets
  - polygamous, with males courting between two and twelve females
  - ratites
  - strictly sedentary
  - subject to high predation throughout their lives
  - suited for life in wide plains, using long, strong legs to cover distance quickly
* are the South American version of ostriches
  - largest South American bird
* consume water.
* continuously move as they feed.
* eat insects, grass and plants, and specially made feed.
* feed mainly on plant matter, such as roots, leaves, fruits, and seeds
  - on several kinds of plants, insects, and small vertebrates
  - large full-feathered wings
  - long legs and run very rapidly
  - the unusual habit of laying eggs in a communal nest
* includes air sacs
  - bird's feet
  - brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - heads
  - lips
  - mouths
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - rib cages
  - second joints
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - talons
  - vacuoles
  - wishbones
* live in areas with at least some tall vegatation
  - grassland and semiarid scrubland
* make a whistling noises and deep booming sounds.
* shows evidence of cratering and light-colored areas that are probably composed of ice.
* tend to wander while feeding with their flock.
* travel freely for most of the season, but males become territorial in the breeding season.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | robin:

American robin
* Many American robins are nest building.
* Most american robins defend territory
  - feed on fruit
  - occur in woodlands
* are active during the day
  - found in many different kinds of habitats
  - native to the Nearctic region
  - one of the first birds to begin laying eggs each spring
  - social birds, but they are more social in winter than in summer
  - the most abundant and widespread North American thrush
* breed once or twice yearly.
* inhabit woodlands.
  - mainly in woodlands, gardens, orchards, lawns, and fields

European robin
* have brown legs and their tail is bluntly square.
+ European Robin
  * In English, this bird is usually just called 'robin'. It is a member of the order Passerine which makes it a perching bird. You can sometimes see a blue-grey fringe around the bottom part of the robin's red breast patch. European robins have brown legs and their tail is bluntly square. They have large, black eyes and a small black bill.

Male robin
* are more brightly colored than females
  - noted for their highly aggressive territorial behaviour
  - well known for dive-bombing people and predators within ten feet of a nest
* arrive anywhere from a few days to several weeks before females
  - on the breeding grounds one or two weeks before the females return
* continue singing, declaring what has become a joint future breeding territory.

Young robin
* are paler than adults and have dark spots on the chest.
* have a spotted or streaked breast.

Rook
* are birds
  - chess pieces
  - crows
  - firecrackers
* are located in castles
  - chess sets
  - trees
* are part of chess
  - the crow family
  - used for flying
  - wagons for transporting rocks for the rock-slingers
* have dark eyes.
* tend to use their thin, pointed bill to dig food up.

### animal | vertebrate | bird:

Sea bird
* Many sea birds have special glands at the base of the bill through which excess salt is excreted
  - nest in nooks on the cliff face
* Most sea birds drink sea water
* Most sea birds have bills
  - large ranges
* Some sea birds adapt certain characteristics
  - can even drink sea water and excrete the extra salt out of glands near their eyes
  - dive for food
  - eat krill
  - nest on rocky coasts
* abound in the breeding season.
* are particularly abundant, especially on the nearby islets.
* can find easy prey there.
* dot the waters of the fjord and nest in mossy niches on the cliffs.
* go out to sea to feed in the morning and return to the islands at night.
* harass each other enough when nesting.
  - salt glands too
### animal | vertebrate | bird | sea bird | tern:

Least tern
* Least Terns are very active fishers.
* are small, coastal birds that resemble a streamlined version of a seagull.
* catch small fish by diving into the water.
* migrant, present in Ill.
* prefer shallow water for fishing.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | seabird:

Booby
* Boobies are another group of seabirds known for their mating displays
  - carriage
  - colonial breeders on islands and coasts
  - gannets
  - large birds with long pointed wings and bills
  - plunge divers and their dive is spectacular
  - seabirds which nest colonially on islands
  - catch fish
* Boobies dive for food
  - do honor to their names, just by their look and behavior
  - eat fish, and so do frigatebirds
  - feed at sea by plunge-diving from the air
  - get their name because of their lack of fear of humans
* Boobies have feathers
  - long bills and tails and wings that close around their bodies
  - tail feathers
  - white feathers
* Boobies includes air sacs
  - bird's feet
  - brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - heads
  - lips
  - mouths
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - rib cages
  - sections
  - sterna
  - talons
  - vacuoles
  - raise chicks
  - usually fly higher than other seabirds when foraging
* Most boobies catch fish.
* Most boobies have feathers
* Some boobies have few natural predators
  - booby chicks lack feathers.
  * A 'booby' seabird in the genus Sula. Boobies are large birds with long pointed wings and bills. They hunt fish and squid by diving into the sea and chasing their prey underwater. Facial air sacs under their skin help protect the impact with the water. Boobies get their name because of their lack of fear of humans. Early mariners named them boobies to denote their believed lack of intelligence
### animal | vertebrate | bird | seabird | gull:

Glaucous gull
* appear on nesting territories before snow melts.
* nest in colonies on sea cliffs as well as in isolated pairs on tundra ponds.

Kelp gull
* Most kelp gulls live for years
  - return to colonies
* Some kelp gulls kill birds.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | seabird | gull:

Kittiwake
* Most kittiwakes have healthy appetite
  - life expectancy
  - siblings
* Some kittiwakes have necks
  - widespread distribution
* are animals
  - birds
  - seabirds
* are small gulls which forage over marine waters in search of small surface organisms
  - search the water's surface for small surface organisms
* have appetite
  - territory
* includes air sacs
  - bird's feet
  - brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - ears
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - heads
  - lips
  - mouths
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - rib cages
  - second joints
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - talons
  - vacuoles
  - wishbones
* inhabit regions.
* nest on ledges on high cliffs along northern seas.
* scold and chastise each other from their nests on a cliff face.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | seabird | gull | kittiwake:

Leg kittiwake
* have expectancy
* inhabit regions.

Western gull
* Most western gulls have backs.
* choose a nest site out of the wind, and out of sight from other gulls.
* feed over the open ocean or along rocky shores.
* nest in abundance, and occasionally brown pelicans nest here, too.

Many seabird
* Most many seabirds have glands
  - salt glands
  - raise offspring
* Some many seabirds use wind.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | seabird | pelican:

Brown pelican
* Most brown pelicans dive into water
  - have ranges
* Some brown pelicans have predators
* are active only during the day
  - carnivores that mostly eat fish
  - carnivores, primarily feeding on fish but also small marine invertebrates
  - dark and bulky
  - diurnal, although they have been observed foraging at night during full moons
  - likely to feed and roost together
  - seasonally monogamous and nest in irregular patterns
* are the only pelicans that dive out of the air to get their food
  - smallest pelicans
* breed in the United States from Maryland down to and around to Texas.
* can remain in flight for many hours at a time using slow, powerful wing beats.
* circle offshore, then suddenly dive beak-first in the hopes of spearing fish.
* communicate through their behavior, making noises, by touch, and by chemical signals.
* dive from the air for fish
* eat large amounts of small fish that are important to fishermen.
* form a mating pair each season.
* get better at hunting as they get older
  - parasites on their skin and feathers as well as inside their bodies
* have a large body and a long bill
  - long lifespan
  - dark wings and undersides, but white heads and necks
  - extremely keen eyesight
  - few natural enemies
* inhabit coastal regions of the United States.
* make homes in habitats such as mangrove swamps but they also prefer freshwater lakes.
* nest in colonies mostly on small coastal islands
  - large colonies on the ground, in bushes, or in the tops of trees
* patrol the surface of the bay, diving to catch their prey.
* roost in pine trees, blinking rather than flying, as the boat floats past.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | seabird | pelican:

White pelican
* Most white pelicans have short legs.
* Some white pelicans are classified as concern.
* are among the world's largest birds
  - usually silent, only grunting or croaking on nesting grounds
* feed on the native cut-throat trout.
* fly with their neck folded and can be distinguished by their large yellow bill.
* inhabit marshy lakes and along the Pacific and Texas coasts.
* prefer inland lakes with remote islands for nesting colonies.
* seem to have taken over and can be seen in large flocks.
* swim on the surface, scooping fish out of the water.

Young pelican
* eat regurgitated food.
* feed by sticking their bills into their parents' throats to retrieve food.
* learn to feed themselves by copying adults in the wild.
* look much like the adults but have a gray patch on the neck and the back of the head.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | seabird | penguin:

Antarctic penguin
* have very special requirements for feeding and breeding.
* swim, walk, and toboggan from feeding grounds to rookeries.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | seabird | penguin:

Emperor penguin
* Most emperor penguins develop features
  - eat fish
  - feed on fish
  - have feathers
  - raise chicks
  - weigh pounds
* Some emperor penguins are the only birds that never set foot on land
  - eat squids
  - exhibit unique features
* Some emperor penguins have ability
  - chambers
  - distribution
  - nasal chambers
  - patches
  - positions
  - rubbery skin
  - unique positions
  - reach ages
* adapt to habitats.
* are birds
  - krill and fish
* live only on the continent of Antarctica and the surrounding area
  - together in large groups
* share their parental duties among themselves.
* spend most of their time in the water , coming to the shore to breed.
+ Emperor Penguin, Breeding: Penguins :: Animals of Antarctica
  * Emperor penguins spend most of their time in the water, coming to the shore to breed. There is nothing on the ice to make a nest, so after the female lays her one egg in winter, the male puts the egg on his feet to keep it warm until spring. This can be from 65 to 75 days. He has a special fold of skin on his stomach which can fold over and cover the egg to keep it warm. He does not eat during this time, and can lose up to half his weight. To keep warm, all the male penguins huddle together.

King penguin
* Most king penguins eat fish.
* Most king penguins have behavior
  - predators
* Some king penguins have orange ear patches.
  - special in the bird world by having a thick layer of blubber
  - white, orange and black
* feed upon crustaceans, small fish, squid and plankton.
* have a large oil gland near their tail
  - patch of bright golden-orange feathers on their neck
  - unique breeding cycle
  - yellow collars
* show little fear of people.
* spend all year on the island.

Male penguin
* can perform the ecstatic display in a sitting or standing position.
* incubate their eggs on the feet, under a flap of skin.

Royal penguin
* Most royal penguins feed on krill.
* have a white chin and macaroni penguins have a black chin
  - orange, yellow, and black crests that join on the top of the head
### animal | vertebrate | bird | seabird | seagull:

Herring gull
* are fairly large gulls
  - generally monogamous, although partner changes do occasionallly occur
  - good at producing all three eggs into flying birds
  - larger and have thicker bills without the black ring
  - omnivorous but prefer animal foods
* breed is large colonies on the ground and defend territories.
* eat small fish, garbage, insects, and berries.
* scavenge for floating scraps.

Secretary bird
* Some secretary birds are kept on African farms to keep the snake population in check.
* are distantly related to buzzards, vultures, harriers, and kites
  - diurnal carnivorous raptors who feed up on a variety of prey
  - silent nearly all of the time
* prefer open grasslands, steppe and tree-dotted savannas.

Several bird
* eat the fruit.
* have strong or longer beaks.
* prey on western tanagers.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | sparrow:

House sparrow
* Most house sparrows feed on seeds
* are animals
  - at home in cities and towns, as well as around barns and feedlots in the country
  - gregarious little birds that have adapted well to living in the city
  - in decline in parts of Europe
  - often one of the only birds willing to live in inner cities
  - primarily granivorous
  - strong competitors for nest sites
* can also dominate bird feeders.
* can be a problem in bluebird or martin houses
  - very vocal in large groups but are quieter when isolated
  - rear three broods in a season
* eat grains and seeds, our discarded food, and insects.
* lay white eggs, spotted and freckled with grey and pale brown.
  - years
* show a clear circadian rhythm with regard to their activity levels.
* stay put all year while native songbirds migrate.
* take dust baths.

Male sparrow
* attract a mate simply by singing a mating call, and waiting for a female to fly by.
* have darker stripes on the head and brighter yellow blotches.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | starling:

Mynah
* Most Mynahs are monomorphic, meaning males and females look the same.
* Some mynahs hunt small rodents.
* are highly intelligent birds
  - medium-sized, stocky, robust birds, with a stout beak, strong legs, and a short tail
  - sensitive to strong odors and smoke
  - very intelligent birds and associate actions with phrases and sounds
* begin speaking at three to four months of age.
* do tend to show some clinical signs before death.
* feed on a wide range of invertebrates and fruits.
* have regular roosting trees, and their clamor can be heard for great distances.
  - ears
  - heads
  - nuclei
  - second joints
  - vacuoles

### animal | vertebrate | bird | starling:

Mynah bird
* Most mynah birds eat insects
  - have heads
* are extremely social and tend to enjoy human interaction
  - known for their excessive chatter
  - omnivorous birds
  - soft-billed which means they eat soft foods
* are the best mimics on the planet, rivaling parrots in their speaking ability
  - main competing species for nest holes
  - very active and vocal birds
* have a short digestive tract, which make for a very quick transit time
  - care
  - presence
* suffer from hemochromatosis, or an inability to store iron.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | starling | mynah bird:

Grackle
* also feed on acorns and other tree fruits in winter.
* are birds
  - larger with much longer tails
  - similar but larger with longer tails
  - sleek black birds with iridescent purple, green and bronze highlights in their plumage
  - very agressive in their feeding habits
* have a black beak, and yellow eyes
  - more iridescence than crows and their eyes are light
  - much thinner bills
* live in suburbs, towns, farming areas and streamside groves.
* sometimes do the same in osprey nests.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | swan:

Black swan
* Most black swans adapt to environments.
* Most black swans have long necks
* Most black swans lose feathers
  - flight feathers
* Most black swans reach maturity
  - require water
* Some black swans reach ages
* are also able to filter feed at the water's surface
  - books
  - large birds with mostly black plumage and red bills
  - long-necked black birds with a red beak tipped in white
  - mostly black-feathered birds, with white flight feathers
  - native to Australia where they are found mainly in the south
  - very territorial
* produce a whistling sound in flight caused by the downstroke of their wings.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | swan:

Mute swan
* Most mute swans breed at age three and remain with the same mate for life.
* are all white in color, with black feet and bill, and some black coloring on the face.
* are also generally quieter than trumpeter swans, which have a loud trumpet-like call
  - one of the heaviest flying birds
* are an agressive invasive species along the East Coast
  - basically non-migratory
  - herbivorous, eating vegetables, water weeds and seeds
* are large, conspicuous birds and have little fear of humans
  - powerful, and often dangerous
  - relatively long-lived, contributing to their population growth
  - the largests birds encountered in the republic
  - usually silent, as the name suggests
* begin nesting in the early spring.
* can be very aggressive in defence of their nests.
* continue to be a source of aesthetic pleasure and artistic inspiration for many people.
* have keen vision and hearing.
* impact aquatic vegetation communities through their grazing.
* plunge their head and long neck below the water's surface to graze.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | swan:

Trumpeter swan
* Many trumpeter swans spend the winter on the western coast of Canada, Alaska, and Washington.
* Most trumpeter swans eat fish.
* Most trumpeter swans have bills
  - curves
  - different voices
  - shape curves
* Most trumpeter swans lose primary feathers
  - wing feathers
  - occupy ranges
* Some trumpeter swans eat insects
  - many insects
  - tuber seeds
  - feed on tubers
* Some trumpeter swans use feet
  - strong web feet
* is one of the heaviest living birds that are able to take flight.
* lose feathers.
* nest territory.
* occupy breed ranges
* produce sound.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | swan:

Tundra swan
* are common spring migrants
  - monogamous, forming pairs in autumn
  - native to the Bay region, but rely on the Bay only for wintering habitat
  - the state's largest migratory waterfowl species
  - very consistent in the times of day they fly and the routes they take
* carry their necks erect when on the water.
* feed on the stems, seeds, roots and tubers of submerged and emergent aquatic plants.
* form strong, permanent, monogamous relationships.
* have a curved or straight forehead.
* live in Asia, Alaska and Canada
  - place like lakes, bays, and other bodies of water
* make many stops along their migration route.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | tanager:

Summer tanager
* affect the populations of the insects they eat.
* are medium-sized birds
  - more abundant than the scarlet ones and are a more subtle shade
  - usually solitary birds
* breed once annually.
* breed once per year in the spring and summer
* communicate using songs, calls and physical displays.
* have a musical song that is different from the buzzy songs of other tanagers.
* prefer to breed and spend the winter in open woodlands.

Tropical tanager
* Most tropical tanagers are monomorphic, that is, males and females look alike.
* are non-migratory and often gather in large, dramatic, mixed flocks.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | tanager:

Western tanager
* Some western tanagers feed on insects.
* Some western tanagers get feathers
  - scarlet feathers
* appear to prefer large trees.
* are insectivores and catch insects while they are in flight
  - known to mob cowbirds, but cowbirds are often successful
  - prey for many birds and mammals
  - protected under the U.S. Migratory Bird Act
* arrive on their breeding grounds in spring.
* avoid continuous canopy.
* breed once yearly.
* can live several years.
* flap wings.
* forage in many habitats.
* obtain their food by foliage gleaning and hawking.
* prefer conifer forests at lower elevations.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | warbler:

Blackpoll warbler
* are common breeders in conifer stands in river valleys
  - in the northern portion
* migrate to South America for the winter.

Cerulean warbler
* are found in mixed-species foraging flocks when wintering in South America.
* eat insects.
* have short tails, and relatively long, pointed wings.
* produce only one brood per year.

Ovenbird
* All ovenbirds are generally nondescript, their plumage basically brown, tan, buffy, or grayish.
* are birds
  - under-story feeders also
* feed on the forest floor, probing around and under fallen leaves for food items.
* spend summer in the forests of the central and eastern U.S. and Canada.
* walk on the ground of woods turning over leaves with their bills.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | warbler:

Yellow warbler
* Yellow Warblers are bright yellow birds
  - one of the most common and widely distributed warblers in North America
* are all over bright yellow, with reddish stripes on breasts
  - migrant songbirds that breed in the north and winter in the south
  - quite common in city parks
  - the most common, and wading and shorebirds are plentiful
* migrate through Death Valley, feeding in mesquites instead of maples.
* range from Alaska and Canada as far south as Mexico and central Peru.
* spend their wintertime mostly in the red area.

### animal | vertebrate | bird:

Water bird
* Many water birds moult all their flight feathers in one go
  - spend many hours swimming and diving in the water to get food
* abound, sitting on branches overhanging the water.
* are also abundant.
* can die by eating just one lead sinker or jig.
* have special flexible lenses, allowing accommodation for vision in air and water.
* hunt the shallows while bald eagles and osprey search from above.
* nest along their shores.
* paddle with their feet to move across the water.
* suffer lead poisoning when they accidentally swallow small lead fishing weights.
* take full advantage of water's cooling potential.
+ Lake Enriquillo: Lakes in North America :: Geography of the Dominican Republic :: Biosphere reserves
  * Many water birds visit the lake to feed, including flamingos. There are also American crocodiles and some fishes as tilapia. Because it is an arid region, the vegetation around the lake is poor with cacti and small shrubs.
+ Étang Saumâtre: Lakes in North America :: Geography of Haiti

Water ouzel
* are dippers.
* frequent the river, as do osprey.
* is another name for the dipper.

Waterbird
* Many waterbirds like to stand in shallow water, or areas of wet mud
  - sit and build nests on posted signage within Bay waters
* are especially abundant
  - in their element and generally thrive even in heavy rain
  - the largest and most common group of birds using river channels
* seem to play, too.
* use rice fields for food, shelter, and breeding habitat.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | waterbird:

Migratory waterbird
* rely on wetlands for resting, feeding, breeding, or nesting grounds.
* use beaver ponds as nesting areas and resting stops during migration.
### animal | vertebrate | bird | waterfowl | duck:

Drake
* Most drakes have heads.
* Some drakes have areas
  - dark green leaves
  - pictures
  - sisters
* also go through a partial moult in early summer
  - have a pure white bar along the edge of the speculum
* are able to mate when they are two years old
  - smaller than dragons, but still fly and breath fire but have no magical abilities
  - usually between the size of a small pony to the size of four oxen or yak
* attack ducks.
* commonly attacks ducks of other species that enter the breeding territory.
* expect their kindness to be returned and react negatively to human mistreatment.
* follow their mates to their former breeding areas.
* have a chocolate-colored head, white belly, and long, black tail
  - low-pitched, rheeb call, and hens use a series of loud quacks
  - small curl on the tip of their tails, while hens have flat tails
  - bird's feet
  - cell membranes
  - cytoplasm
  - lips
  - quill feathers
  - second joints
  - skulls
  - wishbones
* is someone who always gets away from trouble
  - territorial during the breeding season
* leave for wintering areas as soon as hen starts incubation.
* loves to fly high in the sky above the clouds and beyond the naked eye.
* molt in large numbers on Swan Lake, Manitoba.
* often outnumber females, leading to frequent hostile encounters between quarrelsome rivals.
* show characteristics.
* sometimes defends territory against other species of ducks.
* wear their colorful breeding plumage until they abandon their mates in early to mid summer.
+ Drake & Josh, Characters, Josh Nichols
  * Josh is said to be Drake's age, and has a talent in dancing and playing the mouth organ. He has an alter-ego named Miss Nancy, who gives advice to people in his school. Drake first finds that out in the first episode of the TV show, and takes advantage of it. Josh easily goofs things up, because of Drake or Megan, but they both have to sort it out. His only girlfriend is Mindy Crenshaw, another bookworm, slightly smarter than him and Drake hates her
  - Main characters: American sitcoms :: Nickelodeon television series :: 2004 television series debuts
  * He sometimes plays pranks on Josh or does mischief, and lets Josh get the blame. Both brothers are fed up with Megan. She plays pranks on them all the time for just no reason at all, throughout the season. Drake is someone who always gets away from trouble

Female mallard duck
* have brown color
* have light brown color

Male duck
* Some male ducks have phalluses that are larger than their bodies.
* are bright colors of usually green
  - generally more brightly colored than the females
  - usually lighter in color than the females
* begin emerging from their eclipse into brilliant breeding plumage.
* can get a virus that increases oil production on the skin.
### animal | vertebrate | bird:

Waxwing
* are Wild
  - gregarious in winter
  - irregular in their wanderings
  - social and are usually found in flocks regardless of season
  - susceptible to alcohol intoxication, and even death, from eating fermented fruit
* specialize in sugary fruit, especially berries.

Western bird
* breed from Montana and Oregon north to southern Alaska.
* have a large song repertoire, Eastern marsh wrens have a smaller song repertoire
  - dark brown upperparts and dark brown streaks underneath
* migrate two months before eastern birds to the deserts of s. Arizona and nw.

White bird
* Most white birds are of considerable size, and well able to look after themselves.
* Some white birds perch on windowpanes
  - resemble swans
* have a clear beak with no stains.

### animal | vertebrate | bird:

Wild bird
* Many wild birds rely on the seeds for use as a main staple of their diet.
* Most wild birds benefit from a moist heat method such braising or using an oven cooking bag
  - consume food
  - eat seeds
* Most wild birds have green plumages
  - ranges
  - live in areas
* Some wild birds have many ways
  - spend hours preening each other as an important part of social interaction
* act as a reservoir for the virus, and spread is by insects.
* appear to be the principal host of the West Nile virus.
* are far more intelligent and challenging than their pen raised counterparts
  - free of many common poultry diseases such as coccidiosis, cohlera, and blackhead
  - highly susceptible to the virus, which can then be spread to humans by mosquitoes
  - mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back
  - much leaner than the domesticated variety
  - natural hosts for the virus that can cause encephalitis in humans
* are the principal hosts of West Nile virus
  - reservoirs of mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses
  - reservoir for the virus, which is transmitted by mosquitoes
  - very frightened of humans and are often stressed just by being held in captivity
* can also carry strains deadly to poultry.
* can be carriers
  - source of infection
  - carry the virus which is spread through mosquitoes to horses
  - consume their weight in food on a daily basis
* eat all of the nyjer seed
* fall into three different groups of feeders.
* find it hard to resist the sound of moving water.
* flourish in the breeding marsh because their nests are protected by alligators.
  - their lives at their own pace
* make far superior caretakers and role models for their young.
* need areas
  - energy
* pollinate plants, distribute seeds and eat enormous numbers of insects.
* serve as the reservoir for the virus.
* spend a great deal of time eating small pieces of gravel to grind food in their crops.
* take flight in a sudden explosion of motion
  - shelter in and eat the seeds of certain plants
* welcome water during times of drought.
+ Canary
  * It is native to the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Madeira. Wild birds are mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back. The species is common in captivity and a number of colour varieties have been bred.
### animal | vertebrate | bird:

Wren
* Most wrens adapt to environments.
* Most wrens are rather small
  - small and rather inconspicuous, except for their loud and often complex songs
  - attract mates
  - belong to families
  - eat fruit
* Most wrens have backs
  - diets
  - extensive ranges
  - legs
  - lay eggs
  - live in habitats
* Most wrens raise broods
  - return to nests
  - shed feathers
  - sing songs
* Some wrens destroy eggs
  - eat spiders
  - feed in water
* Some wrens have broad stripes
  - white stripes
  - eye stripes
  - habits
  - snow
* Some wrens have white eye stripes
  - look like adults
  - sit on eggs
* Some wrens use materials
  - nest materials
  - traditional materials
* are bands
  - medium-small to very small birds
  - passerines
  - small, plain birds, yarn is what one knits with
  - soft as yarn
  - the easiest birds to attract to a birdhouse
  - very tolerant of human activity and they relish sawfly larvae
* build nests in a variety of cavities but appreciate a box
  - several different nest in a summer but use only one
* eat a lot of insects and are easy to attract
  - berries
* enter territory.
* fill a nest box with sticks and line the deep nest cup with fine plant fibers or feathers.
* have a pale eyestripe
  - long, slender bills that are curved slightly downward
  - loud and often complex songs, sometimes given in duet by a pair
  - short wings that are barred in most species, and they often hold their tails upright
* hunt insects.
* includes air sacs
  - bird's feet
  - brains
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - ears
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - heads
  - lips
  - mouths
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - rib cages
  - second joints
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sterna
  - talons
  - vacuoles
  - wishbones
* interfere by puncturing the eggs of other birds.
* love trees
* often have two broods per season.
* possess nests.
* prefer bushes.
* seem to prefer houses hanging from a tree limb.
* sing mostly from cover, and sound like no other British bird
* visit feeders.

### animal | vertebrate | bird | wren:

Carolina wren
* Most carolina wrens have backs
* Some carolina wrens have broad stripes

Marsh wren
* Some marsh wrens have habits.
* are a species of special concern in Michigan.
### animal | vertebrate | bird:

Younger bird
* are dark-brown all over
  - duller and more streaked and lack the rust-coloured tail of the adult
  - especially vulnerable to attack and even even be killed by older hens
  - more inclined to wander
  - mostly brown, mottled with varying amounts of white
  - much greyer in colour, and have black wing tips
* have dark reddish beaks
  - soft feet, and older birds have slightly scaly feet
* produce smaller and less robust plumuels.
+ Mourning Dove, Description: Doves
  * Its feathers are generally light gray-brown and lighter and more pink below. The wings may have black spots, and the outer tail feathers are white. The eyes are dark, with light skin around them. The adult male has bright purple-pink patches on the sides of its neck, with light pink coloring up to the breast. Younger birds look more scaly and dark.