### cell:

Fuel cell
* All fuel cells have the same basic internal structure.
* Most fuel cells burn hydrogen but can use a variety of ther fuels such as methanol
  - operate on hydrogen, which combines with oxygen from the air to form water
  - operating today use natural gas, propane, methanol or gaseous hydrogen
  - use fossil fuels, breaking hydrogen from carbon
* Most fuel cells use hydrogen as fuel, but some can use methane
  - the primary fuel
* Some fuel cells are tiny enough to fit into a cellular phone
  - require pure hydrogen
* act like batteries generating electricity or heat through a chemical reaction.
* are a clean, environmentally friendly, versatile, reliable and efficient power source
  - different story, theoretically capable of storing vastly more energy
  - quiet, clean source of power, with water as the only emission
  - remarkable power source
  - technology which has been performing for decades on our manned space flights
  - very viable technology for automobiles
  - about three times as efficient as an internal combustion engine
* are also environmentally friendly with regard to noise generation
  - more efficient and less polluting than internal combustion engines
  - very efficient at converting chemical energy into electrical energy
  - among the cleanest and most efficient producers of electricity
* are an emerging technology for efficient, clean generation of electrical power
  - exceptionally clean energy technology that turns hydrogen into electricity
  - extremely high-quality power source
  - another new technology, which can radically reduce energy use
  - at least twice as efficient as gasoline engines
  - basically hydrogen batteries
  - bladder type
* are capable of producing electricity very efficiently in relatively small sizes
  - running on hydrogen, methanol, natural gas, or other hydrocarbon fuels
  - completely silent, and much more of the energy is converted into electricity
  - cousins to another electrochemical device, the battery
  - devices for generating electric power
* are devices that directly convert hydrogen into electricity
  - generate electrical energy by combining hydrogen and oxygen
  - distinguished by the type of electrolyte they use
  - efficient, quiet, have no moving parts and emit few harmful emissions
  - electro-chemical devices that convert chemical energy into electricity
* are electrochemical devices that convert a fuel's energy directly to electrical energy
  - produce electrical power without combustion
  - power generators
* are essentially large batteries
  - nonpolluting and are more efficient than internal combustion engines
  - even more benign to the environment than battery powered Evs
  - expensive, but they also run very clean
  - highly energy-efficient replacements for the internal combustion engine
  - inherently more efficient and low-polluting than conventional energy systems
  - like a batteries with fuel tanks
* are like batteries in that they convert chemical energy directly into electricity
  - that never run down
  - likely to be the power source of automobiles and electric motorcycles as well
  - located in space shuttles
* are more efficient than today's internal combustion engines
  - turbines, even at lower power levels
* are much less polluting than diesel or gas powered systems
  - like batteries only they have a longer lifespan and can be refueled
  - nearly silent, eliminating noise pollution
  - of critical importance to manned space missions
  - on the brink of commercialization
* are one of the cleanest and most efficient technologies for producing electricity
  - most promising means of producing energy in the future
  - newest and most innovative ways to generate power
  - quiet and produce negligible emissions of pollutants
* are similar to a battery with a fuel tank
  - common batteries
  - stacked to increase voltage
* are the cleanest technology available or in development for buses
  - same type of energy source that power rockets while in orbit
  - technology of the future
  - therefore inherently ultra clean, highly efficient and reliable
  - too expensive for most commercial uses
* are two to three times as efficient as combustion engines
  - energy efficient as combustion engines
  - more expensive than current power technology
  - very much like batteries
  - virtually emissions-free
* are, in a variety of ways, beneficially to humans and the environment.
* can also have economic benefits
  - supply heat and electricity for homes and buildings
  - avoid the cost of constructing big power lines that run long distances
  - be large enough to power an entire farm or small enough to power a car or tractor
  - convert hydrocarbons into energy when they are too diluted for standard combustion
  - help our economy grow while improving the condition of the planet
  - offer many potential benefits over batteries
  - operate on a variety of gaseous and liquid fuels
  - power a car with virtually no pollution
  - promote energy diversity and a transition to renewable energy sources
* can use a number of different fuel sources
  - various sources of hydrogen, including a simple tank of compressed gas
* combine hydrogen and air to make electric power.
* combine hydrogen and oxygen and produce electricity, heat and water
  - in a reaction that yields water
* combine hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity used to run the car
  - oxygen, without combustion, to produce water and electricity
* convert a carbon based fuel such as methanol or propane into electricity
  - fuel into hydrogen, which then is mixed with oxygen to make electricity
* convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy
  - electricity without combustion
  - of fuel into electricity
  - energy into electricity through an electrochemical process
  - gas directly into power without combustion
* convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity to power a vehicle
  - into electricity and emit only water vapor
* create electric power by combining hydrogen and oxygen.
* create electricity from an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
  - chemical reactions, without any kind of combustion
  - through a chemical process
* create their own electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
* differ from other chemical batteries in two major respects.
* emit negligible amounts of pollutants.
* generate electricity by combining hydrogen with oxygen from the air
  - converting hydrogen and oxygen into water
  - splitting hydrogen atoms into electrons and protons
  - from the energy released when oxygen and hydrogen combine
* generate electricity through an electro-chemical process
  - electrochemical reaction, known as reverse electrolysis
* generate electricity using a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
  - an electrochemical reaction, much like a battery
  - without combustion using such fuels as natural gas or hydrogen
  - heat and electricity from natural gas or other hydrogen rich gases
  - power through a chemical process without combustion
* have many advantages over the heavy batteries currently used to power electric cars
  - attributes that minimize their environmental impact
  - several advantages over batteries, which currently have range and durability limits
  - the potential for very low cost, high reliability, and high efficiency
* have the potential to greatly reduce vehicle energy use and emissions
  - replace less-efficient technologies
  - power to change our future
* hold many promises of becoming a clean and relatively efficient energy source.
* make distributed power a competitive and flexible alternative to central generation.
* make electricity by combining oxygen and hydrogen
  - without burning anything
* mix hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity.
* offer an efficient source of power, while generating extremely low emissions.
* operate by converting hydrogen and oxygen into electricity
  - creating electricity produced by the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
  - quietly and are zero to low emissions, comparable to a battery-powered vehicle
  - using hydrogen fuel and oxygen from the air
  - with a continuous supply of externally-stored fuel and oxidizer
* operates at near constant efficiency.
* point to the future of motoring.
* powered by hydrogen are the power packs of tomorrow
  - offer the promise of sustainable mobility
* produce electricity and heat by combining hydrogen and oxygen to create water.
* produce electricity by combining hydrogen with oxygen
  - electrochemically combining hydrogen and oxygen into water
  - through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen
  - energy through electrochemical reaction instead of combustion
  - no pollutants
  - pure water as a by-product of power generation
* promise to be cleaner than combustion engines and use much fewer natural resources.
* provide electricity and a heat source with no harmful emissions.
* provide electricity to the orbiter while in space
  - vehicle while in orbit
* remove electrons from hydrogen to make electric current.
* replace traditional power sources in cars or buildings, such as engines and furnaces.
* represent the largest part of the electrically driven sector
  - electrically-driven sector
* require 'reformed' fuel, which is basically a purified fuel
  - catalysts that become active at or near room temperature
* resemble both a battery and an engine.
* run on fuel, ideally hydrogen
  - hydrogen, which renewable resource
  - the renewable resource hydrogen
  - quietly with no combustion cycle and no moving parts
* take advantage of the fact that opposites attract
  - in hydrogen and oxygen, and give off pure drinking water, and electricity
  - the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water, electricity, and heat
* turn hydrogen into reliable, efficient electricity with water as the by-product.
* use a chemical process that directly converts a fuel's energy into electrical energy
  - hydrogen in a chemical reaction that produces electricity, water and waste heat
* use hydrogen to create electricity with no pollution
  - power with few emissions
  - make electrical energy
  - power battery-operated vehicles and produce only water as a byproduct
  - produce electricity, and emit only water vapor
  - natural gas and other hydrogen-based fuels to produce electricity
  - only hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity
* work by combining oxygen, which has a fierce passion for electrons, with hydrogen
  - something like batteries with a fuel tank
+ Fuel cell, Efficiency: Energy
  - Features
  * Some types of fuel cells produce only water, which means no pollution. They can consume the same fuel types as classic power generators, for example Diesel engines. But they are about two times as efficient. Fuel cells are very quiet. They have no moving parts, which means they very rarely require repairs