### aggregation | vegetation | forest:

Ancient forest
* are forests that have never been logged commercially
  - home to many endangered and threatened species of plants and animals
  - shelter to most of the world's biodiversity
  - still important
  - the living legacy of America's natural history
* have a low level of life.
* holds millions of living organisms and thousands of diverse life forms.
* play a critical role in the world's climate.
* provide habitat for plants and animals that have evolved over millions of years.

Aspen forest
* allow more water or ground water recharge and streamflow than do conifer forests.
* are a favourite habitat for large herbivores
  - fire, or disturbance dependent, requiring frequent disturbances to regenerate
  - stable or increasing in some areas

Beech forest
* are generally much simpler in structure and lack the diversity of species
  - one of the two main types of forest in New Zealand
* rise up the mountains and whisper in the wind.

Conifer forest
* Some conifer forests support extremely complex ecosystems with very high levels of biodiversity.
* are the basis for a significant wood-products industry.
* cover large areas but have few plant and animal species.
* covers the higher areas, and swampy bogs occupy the lower ground.

### aggregation | vegetation | forest:

Coniferous forest
* Coniferous Forests are the largest land biome of the world.
* are found in colder places
  - home to many animals
  - more typical of the mountain areas
  - prevalent
  - the largest terrestrial biome on Earth
  - very cold and the plants that grow there are evergreens
* cover northern shores from the Olympic peninsula to the California redwoods.
* have acidic leaf litter and form what are known as inceptisols
  - cold, snowy winters and warm summers
  - influence on the financial and biological health of the earth
* tend to be dense and dark, with few other plants growing beneath the trees.
+ Pedogenesis: Geology
  * The organisms living in and on the soil form distinct soil types. Coniferous forests have acidic leaf litter and form what are known as inceptisols. Mixed or deciduous forests leave a larger layer of humus, changing the elements leached and accumulated in the soil, forming alfisols. Prairies have very high humus accumulation, creating a dark, thick A horizon characteristic of mollisols.

### aggregation | vegetation | forest:

Deciduous forest
* Some deciduous forests are mined for minerals such as coal and oil.
* are broken up into five zones
* are found in the eastern part of North America and the middle of Europe
  - of the United States and large areas of Europe
  - second in the rainiest biome next to a rainforest
* can now grow in the long summer months, hybernating in winter.
* contain primarily trees which lose their leaves in the winter
  - trees that shed their leaves
* have a moderate climate.
* have four distinct seasons
  - seasons, spring, summer, fall, and winter
  - the most elaborate structure, as described above
  - warm summers and cold winters
* occurs both north and south of the Prairie Peninsula
  - north, south, and east of the Prairie Peninsula
* receive more rain and less snow than coniferous forests.
* start around the border between the northeastern United States and Canada.

### aggregation | vegetation | forest:

Dense forest
* alternate with rolling meadows and fields.
* contain greenheart and mora trees, which are used in the lumber industry.
* cover more than two-thirds of the territory
  - much of the land, and the region is rich in minerals
* cover the northern and eastern areas
  - state's coastal ranges, and mangrove thickets occur along the coast
* populated by deer, musk deer and bears cover the mountain slopes.
* surround clear, still, highland lakes
  - clear,still, highland lakes
  - it, and the water warms up in the summer