Carbohydrate
* All carbohydrates are compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
  - digest to form blood sugar
  - eventually turn into sugar in the blood
  - have four calories of energy per gram of weight
* Every carbohydrate has a glycemic index.
* Is an organic compound composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms.
* Know the difference between a triose, pentose and hexose.
* Many carbohydrates form hydrogen-bonded complexes with enzymes and other proteins
  - occur naturally in plant-based foods, such as grains
  - score high since they are broken down in the body into sugar
* Most carbohydrates are a great source of energy and low in fat
  - formed by bonds
  - produced by green plants in the process of undergoing photosynthesis
  - used for energy for organisms
  - cause problems
  - come from sugar
* Most carbohydrates contain calories
  - vitamins
  - enhance uptake
  - find in fruit
* Most carbohydrates have carbon hydrogen
  - direct impact
  - levels
  - low impact
* Most carbohydrates help energy
  - sustain energy
  - improve performance
  - make up food
  - pass into bloodstreams
  - produce glucose
* Most carbohydrates provide blood sugar
  - fuel
  - nutrients
* Most carbohydrates reach intestines
  - large intestines
  - lower intestines
  - release energy
* Most carbohydrates serve functions
  - other body functions
  - supply energy
  - support energy metabolism
* Most carbohydrates use energy
* Some carbohydrates are consumed by african apes
  - insoluble while some are soluble in water
* Some carbohydrates are produced by leaves
  - structural molecules, which provide support and protection
* Some carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide
  - break down muscles
* Some carbohydrates cause dehydration
  - diabetes
  - imbalances
  - spikes
  - come from fruit
* Some carbohydrates contain fibre
* Some carbohydrates contribute fiber to the diet
  - to accumulation
  - derive from grain
  - do so better than others and some carbohydrates are more fattening than others
* Some carbohydrates find in bread
  - cucumbers
  - many common food
  - vegetables
  - white bread
* Some carbohydrates have a simple structure that easily breaks down into glucose
  - effects
  - minimal effects
* Some carbohydrates lead to blood sugar imbalances
  - insulin resistance
  - promote inflammation
  - provide vitamins
  - stimulate production
* a. Are the quickest, most readily available source of energy.
* act as brain food.
* also form weak-bonded complexes with polyphenols and proteins
  - have more nutrients than sugars
  - help keep blood sugar at appropriate levels during exercise
  - increase the rate of muscle glycogen synthesis which is important for recovery
  - leach quickly during early decomposition
  - play a large role in the thirst equation
  - plays a role by causing blood sugars to rise, resulting in increased hunger
  - provide glucose for increased metabolic demands of the body as a whole
  - replenish spent muscle-glycogen stores
  - stimulate the body's metabolism and enhance the body's ability to burn body fat
  - turn into sugar in the system, so that has to watched as well
* appear in forms of natural sugars, starches, and cellulose.
* are a broad term that includes fibre and various types of sugars
  - drug
  - major fuel source for muscles
  - more effective and less costly source of energy
  - necessary energy source found in vegetable and grain products
  - super source of energy
  - type of calorie-providing macronutrient found in many foods and beverages
  - vital part of a sensible weight management program
* are abundant in natural foods
  - nature, such as in fruits and vegetables
  - addictive
* are also in foods such as breads, cereals, and pasta
  - natural appetite suppressors
* are also the most important nutrient for losing fat and building muscle
  - only dietary fuel source that can be used for maximum intensity work
  - very important in the diet of a wrestler
* are an essential energy source for most life forms
  - part of our diet, along with protein, fat, and water
  - source of energy and help in the growth of body tissues, hair
  - excellent source of energy and provide valuable vitamins, minerals, and fiber
* are an important part of a diabetic's diet
  - healthy diet, but choose wisely
* are an important source of energy for children
  - for the body
  - any food source that comes out of the earth
  - best suited to maintaining blood sugar levels and warding off hunger pangs
  - burned more rapidly than proteins and high fat foods
  - by far the most abundant of the three
  - chemical compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
  - classified as simple or complex
* are complex branches of simple sugars
  - sugars made up of monomers of monosaccharides
  - compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
* are compounds made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
  - up of sugars
  - such as glucose, ribose, deoxyribose, starch and cellulose
  - that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  - considered simple or complex based upon their chemical structure
  - critical for energy
  - detrimental because they secrete a hormone, insulin
* are either simple like sugar, or complex like starch
  - especially important for sportsmen
* are essential for the smooth functioning of our body organs
  - in many organisms
  - fuel and are burned up easily
  - generally low in fat and provide an energy source for the body
  - good sources of energy and assist in putting on needed weight
  - healthy, filling, satisfying and taste good, but they can also add weight
  - helpful in weight reduction diets since they contain half as many calories as fat
  - high energy foods and are necessary for the active person
  - high-octane fuels
  - important for sperm recognition of the egg surface
* are important in the diet because they provide the body with energy
  - morning, as they provide crucial energy for the body
  - mainly as an energy source for the body
* are important sources of a. monosaccharides
  - hydrogen ions which are released by oxidation
* are important to provide energy for the horse to perform properly
  - the body in many ways
* are in foods like bread, potatoes, fruits and vegetables
  - pasta, fruits and vegetables
  - rice, potatoes, bread, noodles, rice, fruits, and vegetables
  - that contain sugar, such as fruits
  - plentiful supply in a vegetarian diet
  - less mineralized than under temperate climate conditions
  - macromolecules
* are made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
  - the sugar glucose
  - out of monosaccharides
  - mainly a source of energy
* are molecules present in many foods, especially vegetables
  - that are short to long chains of sugar molecules
  - more fattening than protiens
  - mostly to provide energy, but they also help construct nerves and cells
* are necessary for energy
  - the function of the brain and nervous system
* are needed to fuel the body and protein to keep the muscles and glands healthy
  - provide energy during exercise
  - no more fattening than any other food
  - nutrients composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
* are of great importance in biology
  - several types
  - often less filling and leave the stomach faster
* are one of the main sources of energy for working muscles
  - types of nutrients
* are organic matter
  - nutrients that are the main source of energy for the body
* are our bodies most efficient and preferred form of fuel
  - main source of calories
  - primary source of fuel
  - present in varying amounts in many foods
  - simply chains of single sugar molecules hooked together
  - single sugars and chains of sugars
  - starches and sugars
  - starches, sweets, fruits and vegetables
  - still fine, but eat whole grains and fruit that are more slowly absorbed
  - stored mostly in the muscles and liver
* are sugars and starches
  - strung together in a complex structure
* are the ONLY fuel for the brain
  - basic fuel molecules of the cell
* are the best and most easily utilized form of energy
  - form of energy for activity
  - fuel for all of our cells
  - source of food energy
  - body's first choice for a fuel source
* are the body's main source of energy, or calories
  - number one energy source
* are the body's preferred and main source of fuel or energy
  - source of energy, but the body stores only limited amounts
* are the body's primary source of energy
  - fuel for energy
  - chief source of energy in a diet plan for athletes
  - cornerstone of the athletes diet
  - first fuel source used during exercise
  - foundation for athletic explosion and energy
* are the fuel for building a weightlifter's body
  - energy in our bodies
  - high octane energy source
  - ideal body fuel
* are the key source of energy in the human body
  - to successful dietary treatment of diabetes
  - main energy source being utilized during an event
* are the main source of energy for cells
  - for our body
  - fuel for our brains and muscles
* are the major source of energy for the body
* are the most abundant biological molecules
  - biomolecule on Earth
  - components of plants
* are the most common source of energy for the human body
  - type of organic compound
  - efficient source of energy for an athlete
  - important food required to meet energy needs for exercise
  - nutrient from which all other nutrients are derived
* are the only biopolymers that can form branched structures
  - fuel that can be broken down and used anaerobically
  - organic compounds that make up biomass
* are the preferred energy source
  - fuel of the muscles
  - premium fuel for athletes
  - primary energy source for the body
* are the primary fuel source for the body
  - used for weight lifting
* are the primary source of energy
  - food energy for most living systems
  - simplest types of foods manufactured and stored by plants
  - sugars, starches, and fiber found in many foods
  - things like sugars, starch and flour which come mostly from plants
  - ubiquitous in nature and their properties and uses are too numerous to mention
  - unlikely to be in short supply in the average varied diet
* are used for energy
  - mostly as fuel or energy reserves in the organism
  - to maintain the plant and for growth after defoliation or dormancy
  - usually the best choice, with dairy being the worst
  - utilized as energy rich sources to the plant, for their entire activity
  - valuable energy units
  - variable length strands made from beads of sugar
* are very important in our diet
  - to the body since they are the primary source of energy
  - much reduced in the diet
  - widespread in nature and diverse in their function
  - well known as our energy food
* are what a bird uses to produce body heat
  - diabetics measure in their food and meals in a day
* bind toxins.
* binding activity is stabilized by an antibody specific for a calcium-dependent epitope.
* boost serotonin in the brain, which produces a calming effect.
* break down in the body to a sugar called glucose
  - into glucose, and glucose is the major fuel for immune cells
* breaks down into glucose during digestion and raises blood glucose levels
  - in the digestive system
* can be 'simple carbohydrates' or 'complex carbohydrates'
  - complex or simple
  - in the form of complex and simple carbohydrate
  - more than just a source of fuel
  - simple in their chemical structure like sugar, or complex like cellulose
  - cause insulin levels to rise creating unstable sugar levels
  - help replace fat in the diet
  - increase serotonin levels, cause sleepiness
  - lead to diabetes
* changes during maturation of cucumber fruit.
* come from grains like wheat, oats, barley, rice and corn
* come in different shapes and sizes but all are starches
  - good and bad forms
  - the form of grains, sugars, fruits, and vegetables
* come in two forms, simple and complex
  - main types, simple and complex
* consist mostly of sugars and starches
  - of fiber and non-fiber components
* consists of starch, sugars and fibre and is an important source of energy.
* constitute one very important class of dissolved organic compounds in marine waters.
* consumed to correct a low can overcorrect, causing a high.
* contain a group of large molecules known as starch
  - variety of essential nutrients in proportion to the number of calories
  - an equal amount of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  - cellulose which provides roughage for the movement of bowels
  - four calories per gram while fat contains nine calories per gram
  - hydroxyl groups
  - lots of in vitamins
  - only four calories per gram
* cost less than fats and are easily digested, absorbed and transformed into fat.
* digests most quickly.
* directly raise blood glucose levels.
* empty the fastest, with proteins emptying more slowly and fatty foods the slowest.
* encompass a number of different sugars, starches and fibers which are found in food.
* enhance mental performance because the brain thrives on glucose
  - the absorption of tryptophan, which is converted into serotonin in the brain
* feeding during prolonged strenuous exercise can delay fatigue.
* form the foundation of any diet.
* give a quick, solid energy base
  - energy to the body
  - the biggest boost
  - young children quick energy
* greatly raises insulin and has no effect on glucagon
  - stimulate insulin secretion
* have a calming effect
  - much higher Heat Increment
  - less than half the energy value of fats
  - several functions in the body
  - structural roles and serve as forms of transportable and stored energy
  - the most effect on blood sugar
  - zero to do with causing diabetes
* help boost levels of the neurotransmitter seortine, which has calming effects
* include simple sugar
* includes atoms.
* includes chemical chain
* including fruits, vegetables, beans, and grains provide most of the body's energy.
* increase glycogen levels
  - serotonin levels in the brain, as well as give added energy
* increase serotonin, which acts as an antidepressant
  - produces a depressing or sleepy feeling
* is an organic compound
  - found in starches and sugars
  - necessary to replace spent glycogen-a primary fuel source in exercise
  - the primary fuel for brain
  - usually a much less expensive source of energy
* made during photosynthesis benefit the plant when they are converted to energy.
* make up a large portion of a healthy diet
  - the broad base
* means carbon dioxide combined with water.
* normally function as a. the functional unit of lipids.
* normally function in animals as A. a component of triglycerides
  - the functional units of lipids
* often contain oxygen, which polar or charged atom.
* originate from fruits, vegetables, grains, and processed flours and sugars.
* play a key role in everything from healing wounds to heart disease
  - role of neurite outgrowth in vivo during development and regeneration
* play an important role in the body's metabolism
  - growth and spread of cancer
  - with metabolism
* prevent fatigue and dangerous fluid imbalances.
* produce energy faster than do fats
* produced in the fall are used to break dormancy in spring.
* provide a good source of energy, which the body needs to function well
  - energy,which the body needs to function well
  - rapid source of energy while fats can provide a prolonged source of fuel
  - source of quick energy for man
  - an energy source, which is needed for colony maintenance
  - energy, the power to think, achieve and play
  - fuel for peak performance
  - glucose required for energy in our muscles and brain
  - muscle fuel and energy
  - our bodies with short bursts of quick energy
* provide the body with a continuous source of energy
  - cell with energy
* provide the fuel for the production of energy
  - needed for muscle-building exercise
  - main energy source for infant growth and development
  - major source of our energy intake
  - match that ignites the body's fats
* replace hydrocarbons.
* require an alkaline environment
  - burning of energy to convert to fat, whereas fat is converted directly to fat
* require less oxygen for metabolism than fats and proteins
  - to break down for energy than do fats
* reset the reset the metabolic rate body metabolic rate.
* serve as an energy source or have structural roles
* serves as a precursor to fat burning.
* spend the least time in the stomach.
* stimulate the appetite and are addictive.
* stored in the roots fuel the growth of new shoots each season.
* supplies the body with energy.
* supply calories just as protein and fats do.
* supply energy and assist in the utilization of fats
  - large amounts of the sugar glucose
* temporarily raise serotonin levels, but apparently at a price.
* tend to empty from the digestive system quickly if consumed alone
  - hold more water than does protein
* tends to have a stronger effect on our blood sugar levels when eaten alone.
* then become an increasingly important source of fuel
  - pass through food webs to consumers
* usually come from plants and are divided into two categories - simple and complex.
* very important nutrient as it provides energy to the muscles.
* yield more energy per unit of oxygen consumed than fats
  - readily available glucose and are the best fuel for the body
+ Carbohydrate, Nutrition and foods: Biochemistry :: Nutrition
  * Carbohydrates are the most common source of energy for the human body. Protein builds tissue and cells in the body. Carbohydrates are very good for energy, but, if a person eats more than needed, the extra is changed into fat.
+ Nutrient, Substances that provide energy: Ecology
+ Sugar: Carbohydrates :: Chemical compounds :: Sweeteners
  * Scientists call sugars carbohydrates. This is because sugars are made from carbon and water. Carbohydrates can be 'simple carbohydrates' or 'complex carbohydrates'. Simple carbohydrates are made of only one or a few of the smallest sugars. Complex carbohydrates are made of 'many' of the smallest sugars.