### person | philosopher:

Naturalist
* Most naturalists collect specimens.
* Most naturalists consider jackdaws
  - help whales
  - observe appearances
* Most naturalists study animals
  - live animals
  - work on problems
* Some naturalists believe crows mate for life.
* Some naturalists classify flower plants
  - describe newts
  - feed animals
  - invent microscopes
  - look at death
  - refer to loons
  - seek birds
  - share environmental knowledge by writing stories
  - understand distribution
* appreciate deer.
* are biologists
  - both entertainers and educators, making full use of nature's outdoor classroom
  - much divided with respect to the object of the singing of birds
  - often poets, and poets are often naturalists
  - people who study nature by direct observation of plants and animals
* believe in rubbing evening primrose oil onto the cervix.
* call the male pumas tomcats.
* can identify many kinds of frogs more easily by their call than by their appearance.
  - western jackdaws
* deny the supernatural.
* discuss the seals adaptation to the aquatic environment and behavioral characteristics.
* find new species and classify plants and animals
  - that the populations of some kinds of predatory animals vary periodically
* formulate concepts.
* give attention
  - much attention
* identify and classify birds, plants, stars.
* includes arms
  - body substances
  - cell membranes
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - heads
  - human bodies
  - legs
  - material bodies
  - necks
  - nuclei
  - personality
  - plasma membranes
  - sections
  - vacuoles
* is non-profit organization sponsoring nature education, conservation and research.
* lead hikes in wild areas and plan educational programs.
* make trips.
* propose theories.
  - falcons
  - nature, especially by direct observation of plants and animals
  - specimens while preserving the natural balance
  - water quality, rare plants, and plant succession at Jug Bay
* teach about the environment.
* typically believe that science is the source of true understanding of reality.
+ Natural history: Biology :: Geology
  * The work of naturalists is observation, interpretation, collecting and classification, rather than experiments. People who study natural history are called 'naturalists'. Charles Darwin was a naturalist. They were among the first to explore the world. They were the first to study the Amazon and other tropical places. Naturalists find new species and classify plants and animals. They study ecology.

Nominalist
* are philosophers.
* claim that objects which possess the same universal do resemble each other.
* hold that there is no such thing as natures or essences.

### person | philosopher:

Realist
* Some realists are atheistic.
* are painters
* believe that anarchy necessitates self-help.
* favor the sciences.
* hold that there are universal properties, understood as mind-independent entities
  - unobservable entities are like that between changes in scientific theories
* place considerable importance on the role of the teacher in the educational process.
* see scientific inquiry as discovery while anti-realists sees it as invention.
* view sovereignty as being untouchable and as guaranteed to legitimate nation-states.

### person | philosopher | realist:

Pragmatist
* adopt expediency as the standard of truth.
* also advocate more or less moderate views.
* are realists.
* propose to test the truth of ideas.
* see the construction of knowledge as a logic-based testing of ideas against experience.

Realist philosophy
* figures out how to do that, and passes judgment on the results of science.
* has two roles.