### situation | ecology:

Behavioral ecology
* emerges from behavioral modification.
* is the study of the adaptive significance of behavior
  - value of behavior
  - ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior
* stresses species interactions.

Community ecology
* branch of science that studies the patterns of community members.
* deals with the distribution and abundance of individuals among species.
* is the study of how they interact.
* looks at all of the populations within a given area and how they interact.
* studies the structure and dynamics of animal and plant communities.

Cultural ecology
* analyzes the interrelationship of environment, subsistence, and society.
* is the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments.

Deep ecology
* arises from a belief in the essential value and interdependence of all forms of life.
* is about transforming our way of life.
* is an all encompassing philosophical paradigm shift
  - anti-rationalist philosophy, and therefore difficult to define
* is the hunger and the satisfaction of being an integral part of a whole
  - philosophy of environmental ethics, the spirituality of Gaia
* means different things to different people.

Evolutionary ecology
* is one of the major topics in population biology.
* looks at how the living and non-living world has shaped the ecology of species.

Forest ecology
* provides the biological basis for forest management.
* serves as a model for stewardship behavior.

Human ecology
* emphasizes the place of humans within dynamic flows of energy and matter.
* expands functionalism from ecology to the human mind.
* is the dynamic interrelationship of humans and the environment
  - subdiscipline of ecology that focuses on humans
  - treated by geography, sociology, economics, and environmental law
* representation of our position within a reality.

### situation | ecology:

Industrial ecology
* applies the idea of a natural ecosystem to an industrial setting.
* context for designing and operating industrial systems.
* focuses on the interaction of industrial systems and the ecological systems.
* is the interaction of industry and society with natural systems
  - study of industrial systems from the perspective of natural ecosystems
* new and innovative strategy for a sustainable industry.
* provides a framework for thinking systematically about environmental problems.
* young field that has grown exponentially.

Landscape ecology
* emphasizes the importance of spatial patterns at broad scales.
* is also a relatively new area in ecology
  - different from traditional ecology in several ways
* is the study of how spatial pattern affects ecological process
  - spatial variation in landscapes at a variety of scales
* studies the influence of natural spatial patterns on ecological phenomena.
* way of thinking about the evolution and dynamics of heterogeneous landscapes.

Media ecology
* is the study of media as environments.
* is, in short, a preparadigmatic science.

Microbial ecology
* is an essential overtone to the lives of more complex plants and animals
  - one of the frontiers of science, with much yet to be discovered
  - the study of microorganisms in the environment
* large field that includes many topics.
* rapidly developing scientific discipline.
* relatively new area of both microbiology and ecology.

Physiological ecology
* arises with an understanding of the influence of temperatures.
* involves adaptation to a varying physical environment.
* major subfield in ecology.

Population ecology
* considers both deterministic and stochastic models.
* consists of the dynamics and interactions occurring within a population.
* involves studying factors that affect population growth and survival.
* is the branch of ecology that studies the structure and dynamics of populations
  - most formalized area in biology
* subdiscipline of ecology dealing with the growth and decline of populations.