### animal | vertebrate | fish:

Ray
* All rays express a peculiar and specialized type of force
  - have smooth skin
* Many rays have spines on their tail which can poison other animals when stung
  - live in coral reefs
* Most rays affect atmospheres
  - upper atmospheres
* Most rays are bottom-dwellers
  - flattened bottom dwellers that crush molluscs and crustaceans in their jaws
  - bring energy
* Most rays carry energy
  - positive energy
  - create shadows
  - deliver energy
  - eat fish
* Most rays fall on reflect surfaces
* Most rays have a hard spine on top of the tail
  - tail spines
  - venomous spines
  - increase temperature
  - interact with atmospheres
* Most rays live on the ocean floor and are bottom feeders
  - sliding along the sandy ocean floor, digging up mollusks
  - love earthworms
* Most rays pass through chambers
  - cloud chambers
  - lenses
  - penetrate atmospheres
  - strike earth
* Some rays affect plants.
* Some rays are capable if inflicting painful stings with their tails
  - caused by interaction
* Some rays are produced by explosions
  - nuclear explosions
  - burn skin
* Some rays cause cancer
  - death
* Some rays cause skin cancer
  - damage
* Some rays consist of energy particles
  - high energy particles
  - crush their prey between their blunt teeth, sometimes referred to as bony plates
  - damage connective tissue
  - definitely produce accelerated motion, others produce retardation
* Some rays eat crabs
  - sort of like baleen whales - they filter small pieces of food out of the water
* Some rays enter atmospheres
  - eyes
* Some rays have a series of thorns on their body as a defense against predators
  - body shapes
  - cartilages
* Some rays have distinctive body shapes
  - electricity
  - flexible tails
* Some rays have high energy
  - power
  - jaw teeth
* Some rays have long flexible tails
  - long, whip-like tails, other species have short tails
  - ranges
  - reflection
  - tail sting
  - total reflection
  - vertebrate kidneys
  - whiplike tails that contain a long stinger that can inflict a painful wound
  - whips
  - lose energy
  - occur in regions
* Some rays pass through crystal
  - spacecraft structures
  - penetrate skin
* Some rays produce isotopes
  - radioactive isotopes
  - vitamins
* Some rays reach earth
  - relate to sharks
  - strike upper atmospheres
* also appear more numerous in some kinds of wood than in others
  - can lie on the ocean floor and respire through a spiracle at the top of their head
* are a great example of mimicry by digging in the sand
  - kind of fish that lives in the ocean and looks like a kite with a tail
  - type of fish that is very flat and has no bones, only cartilage
  - always perpendicular to the wave fronts
  - displacements
  - modified as bottom feeders, feeding on invertebrates found in the sand
  - perpendicular to wave fronts
  - present in both types of wood
  - rectilinear in homogeneously refractive media
  - related to sharks and are also fish
  - ribbon-like tissues that cross the growth rings at right angles
  - surprising animals no matter where they are encountered
* are the main predator of bay scallops
  - only vertebrates that have such a remarkable weight gain during fetal development
  - upper-level carnivores which prey primarily on benthic invertebrates and fishes
* bend towards the surface because c increases with temperature, i.e., with depth.
* can encounter surfaces in any order and any number of times
  - feed on goldfish, shrimp, bloodworm
  - grow to tremendously large sizes
* create dramatic shadows
  - long shadows
* feed on bottom-dwelling clams and worms.
* give live birth.
* go from fish to eye.
* have a flattened body shape and an elongated tail
  - body, but some are subcylindrical, while some sharks are rather flat
  - an acute sense of smell and touch
  - broad, flat bodies, with eyes on their upper surface and a mouth and gil slits underneath
  - flat plate-like teeth
* have no bones, only cartilage
  - or greatly reduced dermal denticles and feel soft and smooth
* have skeletons made of flexible cartilage and are related to the sharks
  - of cartilage rather than bone
* hit atmospheres
  - green pigment
* hitting the earth directly, naturally, have more energy than less direct rays.
* includes brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - ears
  - fish scales
  - fishbones
  - flippers
  - heads
  - nuclei
  - pedal extremities
  - photons
  - plasma membranes
  - rib cages
  - sections
  - skulls
  - sperm
  - sterna
  - tail fins
  - vacuoles
  - vertebrate feet
* is light
* line up along the Earth's magnetic field and variations typically are rapid.
* live all over the world
  - close to the bottom of the ocean
  - mostly on or near the sea bed
* mostly hunt on or near the bottom of the ocean.
* move by undulating their giant winglike fins, a kind of underwater slow-motion flight.
* often congregate in huge groups of up to thousands of individuals, but other rays live alone.
* primarily feed on molluscs, crustaceans, worms, and occasionally smaller fishes.
* propagating to the side take longer to reach the high-velocity media deep in the earth.
* swim in the shallow water beyond the beach.
* translates as light.
* use spiracles to take in water that is then sent over the gills.
* use their fins like modified wings to glide through the water and along the ocean bottom
  - pectoral fins to fly through the water
+ Ray, Description, Appearance
  * The fins of the ray create a disk shape that can be round, triangular, or diamond-shaped. Rays use their pectoral fins to fly through the water. Though a bony fish takes in water with its mouth, rays do not because they live at the bottom of the ocean. If they took in water through their mouths, they would probably just get a mouthful of sand. Because of this, they have breathing holes on top of their bodies called 'spiracles'. Rays use spiracles to take in water that is then sent over the gills.
+ Scallop, Seafood industry, Sustainability: Bivalves
  * The main factor is the reduction in sea grasses because of the development on the coast. Bay scallop spat attach to these grasses. Another possible factor is the reduction of shark numbers. They are often fished too much. This variety of shark feeds on rays. Rays are the main predator of bay scallops. With fewer sharks, rays can freely eat scallops. This is greatly decreasing their numbers.