### soil | wetland:

Swamp
* All swamps are plentiful in vegetation.
* Most swamps are nutrient-rich.
* Some swamps are flooded woodlands
  - become strands for several weeks when connected during unusually high rainfall.
  * About 6 percent of Earth's surface is covered by swamps. Swamps are also filters for groundwater, and protect against flooding
* also protect coastal areas from storm surges that can wash away fragile coastline
  - trap water and prevent or reduce damage from flooding
* are a great place to find aquatic turtles
  - also filters for groundwater , and protect against flooding
  - among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth
* are areas of rough ground which are impassable to mounted or wheeled units
  - wetland that have large, permanent areas of shallow, and sometimes deep, water
  - that hold water and have woody vegetation
  - characterized by slow-moving to stagnant waters
  - dominated by trees
  - features of areas with very low topographic relief
  - formed in soft, low lying ground near to a source ofample water
* are found in North and South America, Africa, and Asia
  - throughout the world
  - full and many low areas on fields contain ice
  - mostly trees or shrubs that are in a variety of flooding conditions
* are often wet during part of the year and dry during the remainder of the year
  - part of the year and dry the rest of the year
  - similar to marshes in that they are wetlands, but here the dominant plants are trees
  - slow moving streams, rivers or isolated depressions that host trees and some shrubs
  - typically lower in tree species richness than less wet sites
  - usualyl surrounded by forests or papyrus
* are wet areas with standing water, trees, and other aquatic plants
  - muddy land covered by trees and shrubs, but they are more than that
  - wetlands with trees and bushes
* can actually have as little water as just a few inches or none at all in the dry season.
* can have anywhere from a few inches to a foot or more of water above the ground surface
  - deeper water than marshes or be slow-moving rivers or streams
* change from season to season.
* contain large amounts of trees or shrubs.
* develop over time under the right conditions.
* exist in many kinds of climates and on every continent except Antarctica.
* generate coal as rock.
* have a relatively constant water table that is either standing or gently moving
  - very distinct naming mechanism
  - brown water, the color of iced tea, due to the dissolved plant materials in the water
  - most of the balance with only a small amount in rivers, most notably the Amazon River
  - rusty crowns and rusty wings and black streaks along their back
  - the greatest potential for forestry
* help to purify our drinking water.
* is ecosystems
* is located in wet areas
  - natural things
  - situations
* lie between ancient sand ridges, home to the stumps of long-dead trees.
* often begin in marshes, when water becomes shallower and bushes, trees and shrubs take root.
* serve vital roles in flood protection and nutrient removal.
* usually have standing water in small pools.

### soil | wetland | swamp:

Cypress swamp
* are places of beauty and mystery, providing sanctuary for wildlife.
* exist where water levels fluctuate.
* play a unique role in animal ecology.
* provide food, nesting sites, hibernation sites, and cover for a variety of species.
* recharge groundwater and play a role in regional flood control.
* serve many vital wetland functions.

Tidal wetland
* Some tidal wetlands exceed even tropical rainforests in energy conversion.
* are both places of serene beauty and incredibly productive ecosystems
  - the wintering homes for great flocks of migratory waterfowl
  - very productive ecosystems
* provide storm protection.

Wiergate soil
* are on broad, nearly level to gently sloping uplands.
* have mollic surface layers.