### bryophyte:

Liverwort
* All liverworts exhibit the basic alternation of generations
  - have prostrate as opposed to an upright growth habit
* Many liverworts grow either submerged or on land
  - have leaves which are deeply lobed or divided
* Most liverworts grow where there is considerable moisture.
* Most liverworts have leafy appearances
  - sides
  - inhabit moist, generally disturbed areas
* Some liverworts alter lipid levels
  - are aquatic and can be found in living on the water's surface
  - cause irritation
  - grow on plants
  - have antheridiums
  - reproduce asexually by producing gemmae in gemmae cups
* are an ancient line of plants, possessing neither true leaves nor stems
  - distributed worldwide, though most commonly in the tropics
  - flat horizontal leaf-like plants with differentiated dorsal and ventral surfaces
  - flat, almost leaflike plants that grow on the damp forest floor
  - found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere in forest regions
  - generally heterothallic, producing separate male and female gametophytes
  - mainly fairly simple ribbon-like plants that are found in wet places
  - much taller than a typical mature tree in the forest
  - related to mosses but have flattened leaf-like appearance
  - seedless plants that have flat, leathery foliage
  - thallose and leafy bryophytes
* can also reproduce asexually by means of special structures called gemmae cups
  - be thallose or leafy
  - produce both sexually and asexually
* deep-rooted and hardy plant.
* develop short, small sporophytes, whereas hornworts develop long, slender sporophytes.
* form the capsule first then the stalk matures.
* grow on the bark of trees such as chestnuts, acacias, poplars, beech, and oak-trees
  - prolifically in Scotland, especially in the west
  - well in damp, cool locations
* have a gametophyte -dominant life cycle
  - gametophyte-dominant life cycle
  - green, leafy scales that absorb their nutrients through photosynthesis
  - little direct economic importance today
  - neither stomata nor guard mechanisms
  - no economic value and form but an insignificant part of the vegetation of the earth
  - the eggs underneath an umbrella structure
* have the simplest bodies of all the green plants
  - sporophytes among the bryophytes
  - corpi
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
* often are found with mosses and display similar ecological reactions
  - die when the crop canopy shades the surface of the growing media
* produce a lobe like thalli, the rhizoids are on the underside to ancher the plant in.
* reproduce with spores.
* thrive on moist, cool soil and usually in a shaded situation.
* usually grow in tropical places, moist with fresh water.
* vary in size from very small leafy forms to large, lobed types.
+ Liverwort, Reproduction: Botany :: Bryophytes :: Plant taxonomy
  * Liverworts have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle. This is a type of alternation of generations similar to that of mosses. Cells in a typical liverwort plant are haploid for most of its life cycle.

### bryophyte | liverwort:

Leafy liverwort
* Most leafy liverworts have a row of small leaves on one side of their stems, but few mosses do
  - antheridia and archegonia on separate plants
* Some leafy liverworts grow on plants
  - require water
* are obviously, leafy, and look very much like the mosses.
* come in a huge variety.
  - sides

Many bryophyte
* Most many bryophytes have structural features.
* Most many bryophytes have various features
* have features