### process | evolution:

Adaptive evolution
* appears to be associated with range expansion in several species.
* drives divergence of a hybrid inviability gene between two species of Drosophila.

Artificial evolution
* can result in highly active biomolecular catalysts.
* is used to automatically design a neural network controller.

### process | evolution:

Biological evolution
* Some biological evolution follows different patterns
  - several different patterns
* Some biological evolution leads to complexity
  - immense complexity
* appears to develop from the simple to the complex.
* can be gradual or punctuated.
* causes the higher order of human intelligence to come into being.
* change in the frequency of genes in a population over time
  - genetic characteristics of a population over time
* concerns changes in living things during the history of life on earth.
* creates new species.
* demands genetic variability.
* happens when cells are reprogrammed.
* has a much longer and more bizarre history than human culture can boast of.
* is caused by natural selection
  - change in the characteristics of living organisms over generations
  - descent with modification
  - myopic
* is one of the strongest scientific theories known
  - such evolutionary process
* is slow, but has operated over a vast period of time
  - while corporate evolution is fast
* is the phenotypic transformation of organisms through time
  - process responsible for the way organisms look, function, and act
* occurs through natural selection.
* process of descent with modification.
* provides the explanation for how populations and species change through time.
* refers to changes in successive generations of a species.
* represents change but by no means always desirable change.
* requires reproducing entities that form lineages.
* results from changes over time in the genetic constitution of species.
* takes aeons
  - millions of years
* theory which refers to changes or adaptations of organisms over time.

### process | evolution:

Convergent evolution
* can occur for reasons unrelated to adaptation and natural selection.
* is different from parallel evolution
  - similar to but different from parallel evolution
  - the appearance of similar traits in distantly related lineages
* occurs when different organisms acquire similar adaptations.
* shows characteristics
  - similar characteristics.
  * Similarity in traits can occur in two ways. Both species might have acquired the trait by descent from a common ancestor. In this case the structures are 'homologous'. On the other hand, both might be independent adaptations to similar conditions in their habitat. In this case the structures are 'analogous'. Convergent evolution leads to analogous features

### process | evolution:

Cultural evolution
* can happen much faster than biologic evolution
  - occur within a generation
* is Lamarckian because acquired characteristics are inherited
  - an inevitable consequence of mans biological evolution
  - as much part of evolution as are genes
  - due to the cumulative effect of culture
  - examined through many common household items
  - much more rapid than biological evolution
  - part of the biological sciences
* major concern of archaeology.
* outpaces biological evolution by orders of magnitude.

Darwinian evolution
* belief system based largely on faith.
* core dogma of modern science.
* is based on the existence, in every population, of a. random mating.
* makes hands that make Darwinian evolution make brains.
* mechanical process based on Newton's premises.
* predicts the regular presence of transitional forms.

Divergent evolution
* is evident in the variation between internal and external shells.
* produces homologous structures.

Economic evolution
* demands the abolition of national frontiers.
* is said to occur when economic structures change
  - the self-transformation of economic systems under concern