### person | scientist:

Psychologist
* All psychologists are social engineers
  - specialize as they earn their doctoral degrees
* Many psychologists agree that trying on new identities is often a hallmark of adolescence
  - also have specialist responsibilities which vary their days even more
* Many psychologists believe in a theory known as gender schema
  - that self-concepts have a major impact on behavior
  - consider fear of government to be some sort of mental illness
  - do psychological and neuro-psychological evaluations and testing
  - look at eating disorders from a diathesis-stress perspective
  - provide a variety of professional services to the public
  - regard case studies as somehow less scientific than experimental research
  - reject the use of attitudes as a basis for predicting behavior
  - say IQ tests are a very limited way to measure a person's mental capacity
* Many psychologists say that the childhood period shapes one's personality significantly
  - envirnoment plays a key role in the development of a person
  - subscribe to the notion that there very limited set of actual emotions
  - use laboratory rats to study behavior
* Many psychologists work for universities
  - in more than one setting
  - independently however, they also team up with other professionals
* More psychologists work in institutions of higher education than in any other kind of organization.
* Most psychologists agree that everyone can be hypnotized to certain degrees
  - the big five personality traits are stable across the life-span
  - there are four types of stalkers
  - apply to graduate school during the senior year of college
  - consider that dreams of nudity highlight feelings of vulnerability
  - feel hoarding is more of a mental disease than a controllable impulse
  - meet with the parents prior to the child's first visit
  - say they love their work
  - start with observations of animals, children, clients, etc
  - use computers in some part of their jobs
  - work in independent or group private practices
* Move into the Technological Era.
* Some Psychologists try to answer issues that are of extreme importance to society
  - psychologists act only as negotiators and moderators
* Some psychologists also have degrees in animal behavior
  - work in business and industry
  - are concerned about computer addiction
* Some psychologists argue that eating disorders represent a variant or masked form of depression
  - environmental contingencies govern behavior
* Some psychologists believe that mental images play a very important role in thinking
  - such mistakes happen in thousands of courtrooms every year
  - visions are born out of an abaissement du niveau mental
  - blame our personal histories, upbringing and learning
* Some psychologists claim that infected humans show personality changes as well
  - it's mostly learned through cultural images and role models
  - differentiate two forms of sexual guilt
* Some psychologists even see pharmaceutical companies as psychology's saviors
  - use pets to soothe patients
  - hold that the mind is an instrument in the hands of the intellect
  - maintain that love is an instinct that evolved
  - primarily perform psychological testing and provide little or no psychotherapy
* Some psychologists say it's a civilized way of venting human aggression
  - that stress is the body s natural response to change
  - say, rightly, that our entire lives are lived in denial
  - see genius as inseparable from failure
* Some psychologists study animal behavior rather than the behavior of people
  - behavior in the laboratory, others study behavior in more applied settings
  - the development of children, while others study social groups
  - think it can be caused by a hormone imbalance
* Some psychologists think that when kids watch violence they act more violently on the playground
  - yawns help regulate changes in alertness
  - treat individuals with mental disorders and abnormal behavior
* Some psychologists use behaviour therapy
  - hidden tape recorders
* Some psychologists work as full-time researchers for organizations other than universities
  - in the areas of computer science and communications.
  * A p'sychologist' is someone who studies and practices psychology as a job. Psychologists study the human mind and behavior. They study human perceptions, emotions, and personality relationships
* acquire and analyze behavioral data.
* advocate open communication about sexuality between parents and their children.
* also argue for the virtues of inequality
  - conduct evaluations of competence of a person to stand trial
  - differ in their analyses of the nature of conscience
  - explore the causes of mental disorders and possible methods of treatment
  - play a central role in employee and organizational development
  - point out that it is important to distinguish between love and desire
  - practice professionally in business and industry
* also provide mental health care in hospitals, clinics, schools, or private settings
  - psychological testing and assessments
  - teach people how to manage their life more productively
  - use graphs to represent data
* also work as consultants in government and industry
  - with groups of people with similar problems
* analyze dreams to fuel their work.
* apply psychological knowledge to medical problems.
* are Ph.D.'s
  - able to make conclusions about their personalities based on their answers
  - always interested in predicting behavior
  - an important resource for information about the biases which motivate hate crimes
  - aware that the more remote a situation, the less intense the person's response
  - behavioral scientists specializing in human behavior in the work place
* are concerned about and work to mitigate the causes of human suffering
  - other people
  - with how people act, think, reason, and feel
  - doctors who are trained to diagnose and treat mental disorders
  - either employees or associated as independent practitioners
* are experts at helping people find their way through life's difficulties
  - lead positive lives through a healthy mind
  - on human behavior and complex change processes
  - familiar with the term state-dependent memory
  - highly skilled mental health professionals who can help
* are in a variety of careers addressing a number of issues on many different levels
  - increasing demand in health and medical settings
  - interested for what psi implies about the nature of perception and memory
* are interested in rhythms, and how people vary over time in their responsiveness
  - the mechanisms underlying the hunger drive
  - key to designing neuroimaging studies that search for biological bases of autism
  - little understood in Arab countries
  - no more able to define information than anyone else
  - one in saying that mental health is essentially a devotion to reality
  - people who work in the field of psychology
  - psychotic
  - researchers who typically have diverse interests
  - responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of various psychological problems
  - social scientists and behavioralists - they are students of human behavior
  - stupefied by the human brain
* are the only mental health professionals who perform psychological testing
  - primary providers of mental health services to inmates
  - scientists of human behavior and mental processes
  - trained researchers
  - used for counselling
  - usually well trained to assess attentional problems and emotional health
  - workers
* assist in understanding how violent behavior develops and can be intervened upon.
* associate it with right-brain thinking.
* assume that behavior is lawfully determined or caused by prior events.
* attempt to understand humanity
  - the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior
* attribute much hostility and destructiveness in our society to displaced aggression.
* avoid improper and potentially harmful dual relationships.
* become specialists in a particular area by acquiring training and experience
  - specialized in a particular area through training and experience
* believe in the healing power of talk therapy
  - it coping mechanism to escape problems of abuse or memories of abuse
  - that emotions determine the quality of motivated behavior
* believe the most important factor in stress level is perception of control
  - root of the problem occurs when the children are infants
* build a culture of citations.
* builds a culture of peace.
* call a pair of opposite ideas a bipolar construct
  - it the subconscious
  - such experiences dissociation caused by trauma or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
* can also help women communicate more effectively with their health care providers
  - work with problems such as low self-esteem and depression
  - contribute knowledge of how children develop during middle childhood
  - debate about values
* can help deal with low self-esteem and self control
  - people with stress relief, as well as coping with chronic back or neck pain
  - with stress management techniques
  - only measure that which varies, hence, only variance can be detected
  - use their training and experience to help clients in a variety of ways
* classify memory into the four R s - recollection, recall, recognition, and relearning.
* conduct basic and applied research.
* consider personality to be the totality of one s thoughts and behaviors.
* counsel people through individual, group, or family therapy.
* deal with mental and behavioral disorders.
* define a cult as a group which deviates from cultural norms
  - attitudes as a learned tendency to evaluate things in a certain way
  - hypnosis as the filling of the field of attention by one sense only
* describe green as a restful color.
* design and implement interventions to help people manage their health.
* diagnose and treat people for mental and medical disorders.
* differ as to how much our emotions are learned or inborn.
* disagree as to how much and which parts of the mind is constructed modules.
* discuss relationships in families facing catastrophic or terminal illness
  - their views on science and religion
* distinguish between beliefs and attitudes.
* do observe and study animals in natural environments
  - play an important role in providing hospital-based care
  - say, after all, that people hurt others because their own lives are miserable
  - therapy, testing, evaluations, research etc
* encounter other difficulties with the parents of the child or adolescent.
* end psychiatrists say alcoholism is due to a character defect.
* engage in a range of activities
  - variety of kinds of talk therapy
  - work with persons, and research
* evaluate and analyze the results of our testing with children.
* even use roleplaying as an aid in their profession.
* examine how plans of action occur, such as the planning of speech utterances
  - the value of a progressive approach to teaching children how to read
* explore how personality affects ability to perform well on the job.
* fear talk therapy losing ground to drugs.
* find that height can have impact on interaction.
* finds that blacks, females are vulnerable to lowered expectations.
* focus on four sets of assumptions.
* focus on the links among brain, environment, and behavior
  - total mental health needs of their clients
* generally agree that personality is formed half by genes and half by environment
  - assume that movie violence contributes to societal violence
* give tests and questionnaires to aid in the diagnosis of problems.
* have a Ph.D. degree and specialized clinical training
  - good feel for how hard human behavior is to predict
  - lot of ideas, theories
  - respected heritage of empirical scrutiny and moral integrity
  - graduate-level training, including an internship in a mental healthcare facility
* have no medical training
  - required medical training
  - way of truly measuring and quantifying intelligence
  - radio shows to broadcast their cures to the entire population
  - the background in research skills
  - their theories
* have training specifically in human behavior
  - that is significantly different from other clinicians
  - varied proficiencies to draw upon when treating a patient
* help athletes stay calm and focused
  - determine whether a child has a learning disability
  - individuals by conducting research and by providing counseling services
  - patients deal with the mental and emotional problems that follow a stroke
  - prevent and manage learning difficulties brought on by cancer treatments
* identify resources in the family and the larger community.
* join physicians in a provider-driven health service.
* know that people see mostly what they're ready to see
  - reality is dependent on our perception of it
  - there close homogeneity between love and hate
  - thoughts are directly related to feelings
* label five personality traits and explain which increase and decrease with age.
* learn to cope with stress and avoid burnout.
* like to kill their patients and feast on their bloody carcasses.
* link Internet use and depression
  - behavior management with the legal expert interpreting the laws
* live in specific social contexts.
* make a living helping patients review their relationships from an adult's view
  - consider- able use of experiments
  - every effort to minimize discomfort, illness, and pain of animals
  - reasonable efforts to protect against the misuse of records
  - theories to try to explain a behavior or pattern they see
* name attention deficit disorders as the leading behavioral diagnosis for children.
* observe that much of our mental process goes on subconsciously
  - people approach an edge and then back away, only to try again later
* often become producers and researchers in specialist areas
  - develop behavioral plans
  - emphasize internal mechanisms
  - employ standardized personality, aptitude and intelligence tests
  - face terrible problems of a similar nature
  - find it frustrating to deal with people with cleft and other facial deformities
  - like to make comparisons between human communication and animal communication
  - provide mental health services in a variety of settings
  - refer to personality traits or characteristics
* often work alone, reading and writing reports
  - in education as teachers, school counselors or learning specialists
* operate either through schools or privately.
* oppose the use of corporal punishment for many reasons.
* overwhelmingly reject religious models of human morality, and with good reason.
* participate in the affairs of business and industry in at least three ways
  - development of each individual's total treatment program
* point out that grief has many faces, many expressions
  - to feelings of denial, fear, confusion, and isolation
* practice in several principal areas of specialisation.
* predict what people want by understanding why people behave as they do.
* probe their psyche to determine their mental fitness for the ministerships they seek.
* produce habits out of rats.
* provide adult, couples, family, child and group therapy
  - assessment, referral, and follow-up to employees and their families
  - developmental testing
  - evaluation and treatment of children, adults, and families
  - individual, couple, family and group counseling
* recognize the desire for new experience as one of our basic human needs
  - limits of their competencies and expertise
* recommend floating as a way to reduce levels of depression.
* refer to major themes as subpersonalities.
* report that abused children become abusive parents.
* say a key factor in preventing racism is to get children to talk about it
  - actors can become lost in their roles and lose sight of their own identies
  - children are programmed to be picky eaters
  - death is the ultimate form of rejection
  - few people have ever studied courage, but it's important in a basic, human way
  - it's common for someone who is grieving to go into seclusion
  - parental exaggeration plays a vital role in a child's development
* say people feel a lot better about themselves when they are driving a clean car
  - have more fun with friends than with their spouses
  - stalking way of hurting someone's mind with serious effects
* say that a forum for expression is necessary for emotional health
  - adults often repeat the habits they observe as children
  - anger wears many masks
  - hysteria is more common when hypnotism is induced by amateurs
  - intelligence and awareness depend on level of consciousness
  - it take fourty days to make a habit
* say that people remember things based on the laws of primacy and recency
  - who overeat are trying to satisfy something inside themselves
  - sex addicts crave genuine love
  - such people have 'low arousal'
  - teens join peer groups to establish identities separate from their families
  - unburdening the soul and opening up positive experience
  - there are at least three levels of goals
  - there's a huge difference in what motivates girls and boys to commit crimes
  - they still have much to learn about lower levels of violence
  - thousands are suffering from post-traumatic stress
* seek to answer a wide range of questions
  - questions about how and why people behave the way they do
  - foster better eating habits in children
  - understand how and why people and animals function as they do
* serve as consultants to communities and organizations.
* sometimes do cruel experiments on animals.
* speculate that beards are perceived as dishonest because they cover the face.
* still use personality tests to determine masculinity or femininity.
* stress the importance of establishing good communication habits as early as possible.
* strongly disagree, claiming that aggression learned behavior.
* study computer-aided instruction.
* study how individuals develop, and how they function and interact with each other
  - language is learned and used
  - people relate to each other and to machines
* study human behavior and counsel or advise individuals or groups
  - the mental processes related to that behavior
  - humans and other animals
  - implicit memory through priming
  - observable behaviors such as eating, fighting, and mating
  - our thought processes so as to better predict our decision-making strategies
  - the forms and consequences of such interactions
  - human behaviour
  - role of personality in leadership
  - science of human behavior, and then apply it, in a professional setting
  - thoughts and feelings, sociologists groups and how they're put together
* suggest that gargoyles represent the fears and superstitions of medieval men.
* suspect daughters typically get less of their dad's attention than sons get.
* suspect that a lot of adolescent acting out can be untreated depression
  - majority of limited preppers had a traumatic childhood
* talk about children who are suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder
  - deep subconscious processes
  - of self-esteem, defenses, true and false selves, transitional space, projections
  - with parents who have trouble getting up and with children who wet their beds
* teach courses about the psychology of women
  - critical thinking
  - future psychologists and other students
  - people to improve depression by changing the way they think
* team up with engineers to design computers that read faces.
* tend to stress the individual in the social situation.
* test humans, measuring what they see or how they remember.
* think a lot about how people solve problems.
* though do have a habit of burying an enormous amount of variation in error terms.
* train extensively to prepare for private practice.
* treat clients to assist in self-improvement.
* try to avoid misuse of their work
  - help people change problematic behavior, such as excess drinking
  - understand the mind and the behaviour of humans and other animals
* typically work in consultation and collaboration with other professionals.
* understand both the practical applications and the limitations of their knowledge.
* urge parents to look at studies cautiously
  - monitor children for signs of trouble
* use a variety of methods appropriate to the questions they study
  - art to help people sort out their problems
  - different types of techniques to assess individuals
  - discussion and testing to make diagnoses
  - formal theories and empirical research to enhance our comprehension of behavior
  - mazes to study how animals learn
  - objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior
  - questionnaires, rating scales, and other methods of personality assessment
  - surveys to ask people how they feel and what they think
  - tests to identify personality and cognitive functioning
  - the methodology of science to study human behavior and experience
  - videos to help kids overcome stuttering
* usually have graduate education and hold a Ph.D. degree
* warn about mixing sex and violence with impressionable young ones.
* work a variety of hours
  - in conjunction with primary care providers, physical and occupational therapists
* work in many different settings
  - social, institutional, educational and industrial settings
  - schools and the judicial systems as psychometricians and counselors
  - to develop a valid and reliable body of scientific knowledge based on research
  - together with students, staff, and family members
* work with all kinds of people from all kinds of occupations from around Ohio
  - individuals and families to help resolve problems which disrupt family life
  - patients across the lifespan
  - within specialty areas of learning, too, such as the arts and sports
+ Cognitive neuropsychology, History of Cognitive Neuropsychology, 20th Century: Psychology
  * Cognitive Neuropsychologists use the method of double dissociation when studying the modules of the mind. This is when they use many patients who have had brain damage and try to figure out which parts of the brain are responsible for different cognition. This concept of modularity was developed by Jerry Fodor in his 1983 book The Modularity of the Mind. Psychologists disagree as to how much and which parts of the mind is constructed modules. Cognitive Neuropsychology twenty years on.
+ Cyberstalking, Stalking: Internet :: Types of crime
  * It is not just one event but an ongoing process that threatens or makes that person feel scared. Someone who does this is called a stalker. The stalker may do this because they want to be involved in that person's life or because they want to have power over that person's life. The stalker can hurt that person's feelings by making them scared. They may feel they do not have the power to stop the stalker. Psychologists say stalking is a way of hurting someone's mind with serious effects. Sometimes a stalker may go on to hurt that person's body by assaulting, raping or murdering that person.
+ Hypersexuality: Human sexuality :: Mental illnesses
  * It is caused by some stimulant drugs, such as amphetamine. Some cases are of unknown cause. Some psychologists think it can be caused by a hormone imbalance. Others believe it is caused by early exposure to pornography and sex.
+ Personality psychology, Studying Personality
  * Self-reports include things like surveys and interviews. In this method of studying personality, people are asked questions and given choices to these questions. Psychologists are able to make conclusions about their personalities based on their answers. In self-reports, there are scales and inventories. Scales assess a single aspect of the personality, while inventories are used to measure several distinct aspects of the personality. The person being studied would then have to rate how much they appreciate their family on a scale from 1 to 10. Another type of self-report is experience sampling. Experience sampling is also known as diary studies because the participants give a brief report of how they are feeling throughout the day.
  * In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and is a social, Behavioural, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior. They also explore the physiological and neurobiological processes which underlie cognitive functions and behaviours.
+ Psychology, Methods, Scientific approaches
  * Psychologists make theories to try to explain a behavior or pattern they see. Based on their theory they make some predictions. They then carry out an experiment or collect other types of information that will tell them whether their predictions were right or wrong.
  * Scientific psychologists use many different tools as part of their daily work and to carry out their studies. Psychologists use surveys to ask people how they feel and what they think. They may use special devices to look at the brain and to see what it's doing. Psychologists also often use computers so that they can carefully measure when and how people behave, usually in response to pictures, words, symbols, or other stimuli. Psychologists also use statistics to help them analyze the data that they get from their experiments
  * Psychologists are people who work in the field of psychology. A psychologist may work in either basic research or applied research. Basic research is the study of people or animals to learn more about them. Applied research is using what was learned from basic research to solve real-world problems. If he or she is qualified as a clinical psychologist they may be a therapist or counsellor as well as a researcher