### energy:

Sound energy
* can move in air only.
* comes from particles that are vibrating or moving back and forth rapidly.
* form of energy that is associated with the vibrations of matter
  - mechanical energy
* is also a type of wave motion
  - applied after visual energy
* is converted into chemical energy
  - to electric energy in a microphone
  - created by vibrating objects
  - formed by the vibration of an object
  - in the form of waves, which travel outward in all directions from the source
  - mechanical , it involves the movement of atoms
  - produced by anything that moves back and forth
  - related to the movement of atoms or rather groups of atoms
  - sound energy
* is the energy caused by the movement of electrically charged particles
  - of vibrating particles in the air or even water
  - transformed into heat energy by passing waves through soft fibrous materials

Stored energy
* can be as high as a kiloJoule, with power in the gigawatt range.
* is called potential energy
  - decreased in some chemical reactions and increased in others
  - passed to consumers when they eat producers or other consumers
  - released in the form of light and X-rays as the magnetic reconnection occurs
* produces spark for instant light.

Surface energy
* depends strongly on the crystal-lographic orientation of the surface.
* is the work per unit area done by the force that creates the new surface.
* measure of the 'roughness' of a surface at the atomic scale.
* plays a dominant role for a nanoscale particle.

Surplus energy
* Any surplus energy taken into the body as food is stored as fat.
* Some surplus energy is used by plants.
* is used to power any electrical appliance.

### energy:

Thermal energy
* Most thermal energy depends on temperature
  - increases motion
* Most thermal energy is released by nuclear reaction
* Some thermal energy creates collisions.
* Some thermal energy is caused by compression
  - gas compression
  - generated by gasoline
  - occurs in patches
* causes faster moving that breaks bonds between molecules.
* causes the atoms of all solids above absolute zero to vibrate
  - to vibrate about their equilibrium positions
  - particle to be constantly moving
* concept applicable in everyday life.
* damages the skin in proportion to the intensity and duration of exposure.
* flows from high temperature
* form of kinetic energy.
* is behind all active geological processes
  - cheap and clean in space
  - converted to mechanical energy used to move the car, and finally
  - derived from the kinetic energy of atoms or molecules within a system
  - directly related to temperature
  - disordered energy
  - due to randomly moving particles that make up matter
  - extracted by means of combustion, torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification
  - just another form of energy that has to do with temperature
* is kinetic energy when molecules vibrate to create more heat
  - measured in calories
  - only measurable as heat, during heat transfer
  - radiated primarily at infrared wavelengths
  - randomized motion of nuclei
  - related to the motion of particles
* is released by a chemical reaction
  - replaced in the anode by absorption of heat from the surrounding environment
* is required in many different aspects of our lives
  - to change a liquid into a gas
* is the energy associated with the random motion of the atoms and or molecules
  - in substances
  - graveyard of electrical energy
  - output
  - total energy of motion of all the molecules in a body
  - transferred from hot places to cold places by convection
  - used for many applications, including electricity generation
* makes the iron atoms jiggle back and forth, disturbing their magnetic alignment.
* measures in joules.
* microscopic phenomenon.