### oxide | rust:

Orange rust
* can be a serious bramble disease in the Northeast.
* colonizes the shoots and roots of infected plants.
* invades the entire plant reducing blossoming and fruit set.
* is favored by low temperatures and high humidity
  - the most important of several rust diseases that attack brambles

Rust fungi
* Most rust fungi produce spores.
* Some rust fungi have phases
  - kill plants
* appear on the upper and lower leaf surface as orange-yellow spots.
* infect mostly the leaves and stems of plants but sometimes attack flowers.
* live and reproduce only on living plants.
* produce no basidiocarps.

Soybean rust
* can cause significant soybean yield loss.
* disease that affects soybeans and other legumes.
* is one of the most important soybean diseases worldwide.

Stem rust
* can be especially devastating to wheat yields
  - survive as teliospores during winter when aeciospores are a major source of inoculum
* causes cereal yield losses in several ways.
* is favored by warmer temperatures than either stripe or leaf rusts.
* remains an important threat to wheat and barley and, thus, to the world food supply.

### oxide | rust:

Stripe rust
* can be a serious disease of older club varieties
  - severe disease in cool moist climates
* common disease of wheat and barley in the Pacific northwest.
* has no known alternate host.
* is an aggressive disease that thrives in wet, cool weather
  - favored by cool, humid weather
  - rare in Kansas because it requires very cool weather
  - similar to leaf rust, but there are two major differences
  - widespread on winter wheat in South Dakota
* occurs sporadically on winter and irrigated wheats.

White rust
* causes blisters on any part of the plant except the roots
  - white pustules on the leaves
* common problem during cool, humid conditions.
* is funguses
  - the major disease of spinach in Texas
* produces small white pustules on the undersides of affected leaves.
* serious problem in spinach production in the southern Great Plains and Texas.

Silica
* Some silica has density
  - low density
  - helps prevent tuberculosis
  - regulates blood pressure
* Some silica regulates high blood pressure
* affects characteristics.
* beads work well too and are easier to reuse.
* tetrahedra almost never link any other way than at their corners.

### oxide | silica:

Colloidal silica
* has unique characteristics that can be sold to a wide variety of customers.
* is used commercially as binders and stiffeners and as polishing agents.

### oxide | silica:

Crystalline silica
* Most crystalline silica comes in the form of quartz.
* can cause silicosis and lung fibrosis, if inhaled over a long period.
* causes various lung diseases, including silicosis and lung cancer.
* exists in several forms, the most common of which is quartz.
* hazard by inhalation.
* is also a known cause of silicosis, a noncancerous lung disease
  - human carcinogen
  - clearly a hazardous chemical
  - considered a hazard by inhalation
* is found in materials such as concrete, masonry and rock
  - sand, concrete, masonry, rock, and mineral ores
  - the basic component of sand, quartz, and granite rock

Sulfur oxide
* are a major source of fine particles
  - another type of gas that is released with the smoke
* can injure man, plants and materials.
* come from sulfur contaminants in fuels.
* contribute to acid rain.
* is oxide.
* react with oxygen and water to produce acid precipitation.

Tantalum oxide
* component in special optical glass for aerial camera lenses.
* increases the refracting properties of glass.
* is used to make special glass with high index of refraction for camera lenses.

Terbium oxide
* is in fluorescent lamps and TV tubes.
* is used as an activator for green phosphors used in color television tubes
  - in green phosphors in fluorescent lamps and color TV tubes

Tin oxide
* Some tin oxide has applications
  - specific applications
* makes the glass opaque.