### element | metal | iron:

Cast iron
* are irons.
* can also take longer than other types to heat up.
* commonly used term to describe many types of iron.
* contains more carbon than wrought iron.
* great conductor of heat
  - heat conductor, transferring and holding heat, or cold
* has a porous surface
  - structure comprising essentially two components - graphite and ferrite
  - good corrosion resistance in water service
  - properties which make it ideal for stoves
* is an iron
  - extremely susceptible to rust
  - formed in a mold or cast and is more uniform in appearance
  - great for browning and broiling
* is iron made by the way described above in the article
  - that is heated to a liquid state and then poured into a mold
  - one of the oldest ferrous metals used in construction and outdoor ornament
  - poured into a mold, like a cup cake, to maintain proper shape during solidification
  - produced in a foundry
  - relatively brittle and is subject to cracking if handled roughly
  - reworked and modified to make steel
* is strong in compression
  - mechanically
  - stronger, wears better, and lasts longer than steel
  - susceptible to corrosion and abrupt cracking when in contact oleum
* is the ideal material for railings
  - standard material of cosntruction for sewage and wastewater
  - used for manhole covers and as engine blocks for petrol and diesel engines
  - very different to wrought iron
* keeps foods hot longer.
* offers superior heat retention and even heat distribution.
* retains heat and promotes gentle, even cooking at low heat.
* works well as a tool metal.
+ Iron, Uses, As a metal
  * There are different types of iron. Cast iron is iron made by the way described above in the article. It is hard and brittle.

Dietary iron
* is found in large amounts in organ meats such as liver, kidney, and heart
  - present in food as heme or nonheme iron
  - probably sufficient for the iron demands of most individuals
  - tolerated much better than supplemental iron
* obtained from plant sources is significant.

Ductile iron
* are more plastic and form longer chips than gray irons.
* casting material similar to steel.
* is an easily molded, non-brittle metal.
* represents the fastest growing segment of the iron market.

### element | metal | iron:

Excess iron
* Any excess iron is stored in the body as a reserve.
* can be toxic, especially in children
  - very damaging to the liver
  - cause constipation
  - damage the liver
  - deplete phosphorus
  - result in damage to the liver
  - stain laundry
* is deposited in the cells of the liver, heart, pancreas, joints, and pituitary gland
  - removed from the body in a procedure called phlebotomy
  - stored in various organs and can cause other problems
* is toxic, causing organ damage
  - vomiting, diarrhea, and damage to the intestine

Excessive iron
* can cause heart and liver disease and significant brain damage.
* potent generator of free radical activity in the body.

Ferric iron
* is blue, ferrous iron is green, and clays, carbonates, and vegetation are red.
* turns the water a hazy, reddish-brown color and makes it very unappealing.
* utilizes a different pathway to enter cells than ferrous iron.

Gray iron
* have different machining characteristics than ductile irons and leaded steels.
* is one of the most easily cast of all metals in the foundry
  - the most versatile of all foundry metals

Hot iron
* becomes cold very soon.
+ Blacksmith: Occupations
  * Iron must be very hot to shape with a hammer. Hot iron becomes cold very soon. A blacksmith has only a few seconds to hammer a piece of iron, before it must be put back in the fire to become hot again.