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Epidemiological study
* Epidemiological studies analyze large groups of people that have a disease
  - are the only way to gain estimates of exposure to pregnant women
  - cover research, programme evaluation and surveillance
  - examine factors that are associated with developing diseases
  - gather information about who is affected
  - help to identify how diseases are spread
  - indicate that for psychoactive medications women are the predominant users
  - look at patterns of health and illness in individual populations
  - point to the strong correlation of migraine with hormonal events
* Epidemiological studies provide most of the evidence on food and cancer
  - the primary evidence linking sun exposure to malignant melanoma
  - raise concerns for potential noncancer health effects in humans
* Epidemiological studies show a elevated rate of disease in exposed people
  - exposed workers at increased risk for developing leukemia
* Most epidemiological studies depend upon recall.

Field study
* Field studies are an important part of zoological research
  - therefore central in the research of all groups
  - emphasize the interaction of water and rock, as mediated by biological activity
* Field studies show that female house finches prefer to mate with colorful males
  - small sculpins prefer mayfly nymphs and small worms
* is an internship completed during the junior or senior year.
* means a study conducted on free-living wild animals in their natural habitat.

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Genetic study
* Genetic studies collide with the mystery of human evolution
  - depend on successfully mating animals and producing offspring
  - evaluate breeding lines that are low in sucker growth potential
  - indicate a higher incidence of autism among siblings and twins
  - involve drawing a blood sample
* Genetic studies show that chimpanzees and humans share a common ancestor
  - pangolin acts to transduce the wingless signal
  - there is more variability in the gene pool in Africa, than outside
* Most genetic studies depend on visual documentation of phenotypes.
* indicates the chances of a tri-color gene expressed in male cats are very small.

Geographic study
* Most geographic study begins with learning the location of places.
* begins with the location of places on the earth.
* focuses on spatial analysis of human and physical features of our planet.

Graduate study
* Graduate studies are academic programs
  - today the most important growth sector in Mexican higher education
* can lead to careers in scholarship, in research, or in the professions.
* time of growth.

Histologic study
* Histologic studies suggest a traumatic etiology for OS disease
  - support a traumatic etiology
* reveals massive iron deposits in the basal ganglia.

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Human study
* Human studies are inconclusive regarding antimony exposure and cancer
  - chlordane and cancer
  - heptachlor and cancer
  - lead and an increased cancer risk
  - confirm immune stimulation by garlic
  - continue today to improve surfactant therapy for infants
  - implicate psychosocial factors are involved in various pathophysiological processes
* Human studies show that it produces changes in meal-related satietal sensations
  - soy protein helps decrease fat and increases lean tissue
* Many human studies show that soy promotes better breast and endometrial health.
* Some human studies indicate potential for lung cancer from crystalline silica exposure.

Interdisciplinary study
* consists in creating a new object, which belongs to no one.
* includes psychology, anthropology, sociology, biology and related fields.