Organic amino acid
* All amino acids are L configuration
  - also present
  - organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
  - pure, pharmaceutical grade
  - weak acids with two or more ionizable groups
  - found in protein have the L configuration
* All amino acids have amino and carboxyl groups attached to the alpha-carbon atom
  - an acid group and an amino group attached to a carbon atom
  - fairly similar pKA's for their carboxyl and amino groups
  - require nitrogen for their development
* Amino acid contains atoms
  - sulfur atoms
  - derives from proteins
  - fluxes in rat thin limb segments of henle's loop during in vitro microperfusion
* Amino acid has chemical properties
  - effects
* Amino acid is an organic compound
  - monomers
  - organic molecules
  - part of proteins
  - produced by digestion
* Amino acid produces during digestion
  - protein digestion
  - supplements, no matter what form they take, are quite expensive
* Amino acids act as fuel for the body
  - affect how nutrients get absorbed in the intestinal tract
  - appear in nature with different frequencies
* Amino acids are a chemical groupcontaining nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
  - fundamental part of our diet
  - already in our body
* Amino acids are also available in capsule form at most health food stores
  - important special nutrients in their own right
  - necessary in supporting the immune response
  - precursors of hormones, porphyrins and many other biomolecules
* Amino acids are also the links in a molecular chain
  - main fuel source for the liver
  - altered into forms that the body needs
  - amphoteric
  - an essential part of a properly balanced diet
  - at the heart of bioinformatics
  - carbons with a hydrogen, amino, and carboxyl groups, and a variable group
  - chain compoundscontaining carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
  - chemical units that makeup proteins
  - components of antibodies, which are substances that help the body fight disease
  - compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and occasionally sulphur
  - essential for building protein
  - expensive, and high protein needs can be met by eating a well-balanced diet
* Amino acids are fundamental constituents of all proteins
  - molecules that are used by all life forms to build proteins
* Amino acids are important building blocks in the production of proteins
  - to our bodies because they are the building blocks of proteins
  - ineffective and their long-term health effects are unknown
  - just milk, egg, meat
  - light years from life
  - literally the building blocks of proteins
* Amino acids are made into proteins by being joined together in a chain of peptide bonds
  - of nitrogen and sulfur in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  - molecules that are the 'building blocks' of protein
  - monomers and have to be joined together to form proteins, whch are polymers
  - monosaccharides pass through the villi walls into the capillary system
  - necessary building blocks for all proteins
* Amino acids are necessary for growth and cellular replication throughout the body
  - proper growth, development, health and maintenance
  - protein synthesis to take place
  - the formation of hormones and enzymes
  - to make proteins , an important part of the human body
  - organic compounds with at least one amino group and one carboxl group
* Amino acids are organic molecules composed by two groups, one carboxyl group and one amino group
  - that form the basic constituents of protein
  - peculiar in that they have both basic and acid properties
  - present in greatest abundance in egg yolk, fresh milk, liver, kidneys and cheese
  - reabsorbed by sodium dependent transporters in the proximal tubule
  - represented by the one letter code
* Amino acids are responsible for generating new cells for blood in our body
  - muscle growth and repair
  - simple compounds of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
  - simply the most important nutrients
* Amino acids are small enough to pass into the bloodstream
  - nutrients that link together to make protein
  - still scientifically questionable
  - synthesized by specific enzymes, encoded by specific genes
* Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins
  - blocks of the body
  - protein building blocks
  - basis for other supplements popular with athletes
  - body's building blocks for important chemical relaxants in the brain
* Amino acids are the building blocks for our entire body
  - for proteins
  - from which all proteins are made
  - from which protein molecules are constructed
  - of all proteins, which are found in all living things
  - of one of our most important nutrients-protein
  - of protein , the stuff of which the body is made
  - of protein and are found in a variety of foods
  - of protein, a necessity for life
  - of protein, and proteins are the building blocks of muscle
  - of proteins needed by the muscles to grow
  - of proteins which are used for plant growth and development
  - of proteins, the most important biomolecules
  - of proteins, which are needed by all cells in the body
  - of proteins, which carry out many functions in organismic life
  - of the proteins in all living things
  - that combine to form proteins
  - that form body and dietary proteins
  - that make protein in our bodies
  - used to make proteins
  - building-blocks of protein
  - components which are used to build proteins
  - fundamental components of proteins and are synthesized in living cells
  - gray balls
  - ingredients of the cake itself
  - key to protein metabolism
  - main low molecular weight organic nitrogen compounds
  - materials the cell actually uses for the building of the protein
  - molecular building blocks of protein and muscle tissue
  - molecules from which proteins are made
  - monomers of polypeptides
  - predominant form of nitrogen available to the heterotrophic tissues of plants
  - primary end-products of digestion in the ruminant
  - principal building blocks of proteins and enzymes
  - real nutrients derived from proteins by digestion of food
  - small building blocks that make up all proteins
  - structural units comprising a polypeptide
  - subcomponents that make up protein
  - subunits of proteins
  - units from which proteins are made
  - unique in that they neutralize and help eliminate free radicals
* Amino acids are very important for everyone
  - simple in structure, and very necessary for life
  - vital in human chemistry
  - zwitterionic, they have both positive and negative charges on the molecule
  - are, of course, a critical part of our biology
  - break down into carbon chains and amino groups
* Amino acids can also form bonds through side chain linkages
  - occur in DL configuration with a mixture of D and L forms
  - provide energy but are needed as building blocks
  - stimulate growth hormone
  - differ in the stability during storage
  - exist as two enantiomorphs
  - react to form amide bonds-the basic linkage in protein structure
  - undergo reactions characteristic of any functional group in the molecule
  - chain to form proteins
* Amino acids come in two forms that are mirror images of each other
  - together to build a chain
  - complete the racemization process when the amounts of L and D amino acids are equal
  - consist exclusively of the L-isomer
* Amino acids contain an amino group at one end, and a carboxyl at the opposite end
  - both an amine and a carboxylic acid group
  - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
* Amino acids contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the basic atoms of life
  - which is toxic to the body - the liver converts it into urea
  - nitrogen, which is harmful for the body
  - one or more nitrogen atoms
  - primarily carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms
  - continue to be linked until the protein is finished
  - contribute a few percent
  - derived from the hydrolysis of proteins can serve as sources of energy
  - dictate how the body responds to stress, hunger and other stimuli
* Amino acids differ in nature of R group, ranging from single hydrogen to complicated ring compounds
  - the type of side chains they contain
  - enable vitamins and minerals to perform their jobs properly
  - enter the pool from ingested protein or from degradation of body protein
  - exhibit a peculiar feature known as chirailty
  - feed the brain the nutrients that belong there
* Amino acids form polypeptide chains
* Amino acids have a lot of flavor
  - two forms of shorthand, a one character code and a three character code
  - help to sustain cell growth as well as restoration
  - incorporated into protein structures are of the L form
* Amino acids join together into a polypeptide chain
  - with the peptide bond , to become parts of peptides or polypeptides
  - keep chromium from precipitating in the small intestine where the pH is alkaline
  - link together between the amide and carboxyl groups
* Amino acids link together in chains to form proteins
  - long chains to form proteins in the body
  - up to make a protein
  - make proteins which are building blocks for life
* Amino acids make up protein and are an example of the former
  - modify the activity of canine intrinsic cardiac neurons involved in cardiac regulation
* Amino acids occur mainly in L-conformation in proteins
  - naturally in plant and animal tissues and are the basic constituents of proteins
  - pass into the lumen of the intestine from the mucosa and are reabsorbed again
  - play a vital role in the mechanisms of sexual arousal
  - provide the structural components of cells and tissues
  - represent quite a broad spectrum of different chemical structures
  - serve a wide variety of functions
* Amino acids serve as a source of nitrogen and energy and are utilized by most microorganisms
  - the precursors of many important biomolecules besides protein
  - stick to various minerals, but most make no distinction between the l and d forms
  - support the recovery of individuals needing proper amino acid supplementation
  - suppress proteolysis independent of insulin throughout the neonatal period
* Every amino acid consists of an amine and a carboxyl bound to the same carbon atom.
* Every amino acid contains nitrogen, which is found primarily in amino acids
  - has an alpha carbon
* Many amino acids are corepressors of the committed step enzyme genes.
* Most amino acid contains atoms
* Most amino acid has chemical properties
  - is produced by digestion
* Most amino acid produces during digestion
* Most amino acids are common, and found in all food, but there are a couple that are harder to find
  - encoded by several different codons
  - present but their relative concentrations vary from species to species
  - very delicate and destroyed by stomach acids
* Most amino acids have an assymetric carbon which is common to all
  - more than one codon
* Some amino acid circulates in bloodstreams.
* Some amino acid comes from proteins
  - tissue proteins
* Some amino acid contains nitrogen
  - damages eyes
* Some amino acid enters blood streams
  - capillaries
  - tubules
* Some amino acid finds in blood
  - muscle proteins
  - red meat
* Some amino acid is secreted by glands
  - pineal glands
* Some amino acid makes up eukaryotic proteins
  - needs for division
* Some amino acid plays important roles
  - uses for energy
  - acids act as neuro transmitters
* Some amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic
  - catabolized into both glucogenic and ketogenic products
  - coded by two or more different triplets of DNA base pairs
* Some amino acids are essential and others are non-essential
  - to the diet
  - lipophilic and some are lipophobic
  - much more important than others to the proper nutrition of the bird
  - polar and some are neutral
* Some amino acids have a functional group that ionizes in solution
  - functional groups containing sulfur
  - only one possible codon
  - properties similar to neurotransmitters
+ Allele, Different alleles at a locus: Chromosomes
  * Alleles are different by state if they have different DNA sequences. This idea can be adjusted to need. For example, we may judge them as different only if the difference changes the amino acid sequence of a protein. Some amino acids are coded by two or more different triplets of DNA base pairs.
+ Phenylketonuria: Genetic disorders
+ Polypeptide
  * A 'polypeptide' is a string of amino acids linked together. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins.