### people:

Population
* All populations have the potential to increase in size.
* Any population includes individuals of all qualities, shapes, sizes and genetic makeup.
* Describes a single population.
* Every population has certain genetic traits which are very common in their particular group or race
  - is linked, directly or indirectly, with many others in an ecosystem
* Includes facts about people, demographic characteristics, and population information.
* Many populations have overlapping generations where individuals of more than one generation coexist
  - live in protected areas
  - migrate or decline in response to blocked upwelling which alters food webs
  - tend to be declining throughout the world
* Most populations are migratory and winter regularly in both temperate and tropical latitudes
  - polymorphic for most phenotypic traits, from fur color to blood type
  - small and most reproduction probably is asexual from rhizomes
  - blend in with their substrate so there large amount of geographic variation
  - have extensive genetic variation
  - live under ideal conditions, so they grow at exponential rates
* Some populations also exist in brackish conditions
  - use trees or other hard surfaces as anvils in order to crack mollusks
* Some populations are at higher risk for certain preventable disorders than others
  - landlocked in lakes or large ponds due to human activities
  - more at risk than others
  - subject to wide variations in abundance
  - depend on squirrels
  - display migratory behaviour, moving into warmer waters in the winter
* Some populations have difficulty using biometric devices
  - triazine resistant biotypes
  - lack male plants, while others are able to reproduce sexually
* Some populations live at high densities while others live in uncrowned conditions
  - in estuaries where turbidity tends to be high
* Some populations reproduce only by mating, others only by fission, and some populations do both
  - parthenogenetically all year on grasses
  - suffer disproportionately from consequences of drug abuse
  - therefore switch from asexual fission to mating seasonally
* aging affects economic decisions and public policies
  - occurs at the start of each year
  - refers to steady increases in the number and proportion of older people in society
* alone contributes to the global warming.
* also differ remarkably in their social and mating patterns.
* are adaptable to many environmental conditions
  - capable of explosive growth
  - collections
  - colonization
  - dynamic with identifiable characteristics and measurable growth patterns
  - group according to their resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates
* are groups of individuals of the same species that occupy a given area at the same time
  - organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time
  - integers
* are isolated because they breed at different times
  - in different habitats
  - large groups of individuals
* are located in cities
  - countries
* are made of different people
  - up of organisms that belong to many different species
  - part of the communities that make up ecosystems
* are the basic components of the ecosystem structure
  - group about which predictions are made
  - sub-units of species
  - transient, relatively dense and constantly changing
* are used for consumption
  - studies
  - usually the unit that is managed by biologists
* can also be the source of many problems like starvation and lack of housing
  - decline to the point of extinction
  - expand rapidly during periods of hot weather
  - fluctuate wildly depending on the behavior of controlling factors
  - follow one of many growth patterns
  - grow very rapidly
  - increase in size at a phenomenal rate
  - maintain genetic diversity through migration
  - number in the hundreds of basidiomata
  - undergo evolutionary adaptation
* change annually with changes in environmental conditions and habitat manipulations
  - so quickly that an exact census is impossible
* changes in boreal forest birds in Saskatchewan and Manitoba
  - carnivores in some coyote-control areas
* collapse due to starvation, predation, and parasitism.
* comprise communities, with community structure, diversity, stability, and change.
* consist entirely of female aphids giving live birth to female progeny.
* contain genetic variation within themselves and between other populations.
* cycle up and down, possibly due to the action of parasites.
* decline in areas under development by humans.
* declines North American birds that migrate to the tropics.
* declines in North American birds that migrate to the neo-tropics
  - migrate to the neotropics
  - migratory birds in eastern North America
  - the snowshoe hare and the role of stress
* densityis the number of individuals in some specified area of habitat.
* determines the demand for transportation services and facilities.
* differ in their stability.
* display distinctive behaviors based on their size.
* eat fish.
* evolve and adapt through natural selection
  - to recycle the food which is rare in the environment
* exposures to metals in the environment.
* flowering intensity is the average percentage flowering of all the trees.
* fluctuate due to food availability and strife within packs.
* focuses on evolution within populations.
* gain individuals through births and emigration.
* gradually change through time in genotype and phenotype.
* group of organisms of same species.
* grow according to the number of individuals that are capable of reproduction
  - because people have babies
  - exponentially unless certain factors limit their growth
  - more slowly if people wait to have their children
  - quickly in optimal conditions
  - when births and immigration exceed deaths and emigration
* grows in increasing amounts, but food production only increases in constant amounts
  - rapidly, but as it does so, Food decreases
  - when there positive rate of natural increase
* has a big effect on the amount of waste accumulated in a year
  - diversity of elements, defined via some parameters or vectors
* have a maximum potential for growth called the biotic potential
  - number of characteristics that are of interest to ecologists
  - complex system cycles
  - limited distributions
* have the potential to grow very rapidly, in what is called a geometric progression
  - increase exponentially
  - reproduction potential to increase at an exponential rate
  - their own distinct characteristics apart from any one individual of the population
* includes all members of a species living in the same place at the same time.
* increase by birth rate and by influx
  - during periods of relatively high humidity and decline in dry periods
* increases geometrically while food supply increases arithmetically.
* influences food consumption and resource production.
* interact to form a dynamic community of living organisms within the ecosystem.
* is all living persons in a geographic area
* is an entire set of subjects, objects, events, or elements being studied
  - exponential function
  - important factor in the demand for food
  - any group of organism that coexist at the same time in the same place
  - one of the problems in the world contribution to non-sustainabilty
  - real capital, which can be used to develop the economy
  - supported by clean air, pure water, and intact ecosystems
* is the constitutional currency in the competition among the states for political power
  - leading cause of environmental degradation
* is the number of a certain type of organism in a given community
  - individuals in a population
  - organisms of a species in a given area
  - percentage of the total population in that community
  - root cause of most of our environment problems, including sprawl
* key variable in the study of global environmental change.
* make up species, which make up communities.
* makes up all human groups and is the bedrock of society.
* means power, as well as money.
* migrate on neutral networks by a diffusion-like mechanism.
* multiply while the environment is gradually destroyed.
* never produce more young than can survive.
* often contain high levels of genetic polymorphism for resistance to pathogens
  - vast amounts of genetic polymorphism for resistance to pathogens
* outstrips food supply leading to war, famine, poverty and disease.
* produce more offspring than their environment can support.
* refers to the larger group from which the sample is taken
  - resident population of Lithuania
* rely on one another to keep each other alive and stable.
* reproduce faster than their food supply
  - in greater number than the resources can support
* respond to the pressures caused by natural increase in a variety of ways.
* rise and fall by natural cycles
  - fall, species become extinct, new ones arise
* rises when the demand for labor, and living standards rise, and vice versa.
* shapes political systems and helps determine economic vitality.
* show greatest reproduction and recruitment levels in years following good food crops.
* small collection of cartography symbols.
* swell when food sources are abundant.
* symmorphological and a symphysiological unit.
* tend to be most abundant where their genome allows the optimization of energy profits
  - evolve continuously as a reaction to environmental conditions
  - grow faster than does the supply of food
  - have a maximum density near the center of their geographic range
* tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support
  - offspring than the carrying capacity of the environment
  - remain stable in size, except for seasonal fluctuations
* typically produce more offspring than can survive and reproduce successfully.
* varies endogenously according to the theory of demographic transition.
* vary in the types of individuals and their reproductive success
  - their capacity to grow
+ Dominican Republic, People: Spanish-speaking countries
  * Population changes in the Dominican Republic.
+ White-headed capuchin, Behavior, Tool use: Monkeys :: Mammals of America
  * The white-headed capuchin also uses tools in other ways. It has been known to beat snakes with sticks in order to protect itself or to get the snake to release an infant. In captivity, it has been known to use tools to get to food or to defend itself, and in one case a white-headed capuchin used a squirrel monkey as a projectile, hurling it at a human observer. It has been historically noted that the species is often able to recognize, and therefore avoid baited cage traps, and hidden net snares are often the only way to capture this monkey. Some populations also use trees or other hard surfaces as anvils in order to crack mollusks. And it sometimes uses sticks as probes to explore openings.