### plant | tracheophyte | weed:

Weed control
* can be difficult after vines have spread.
* challenge in the transplanting of asparagus.
* demands time, labor and expense for every farmer every year.
* depends on good cultural practices and herbicides.
* improves the appearance and reduces the mowing needs of centipedegrass lawns.
* is accomplished primarily with herbicides.
* is also a reward for mulching
  - likely to improve when weeds are actively growing under warmer temperatures
  - an important aspect of good asparagus culture
  - another management practice that can determine whether a crop is profitable
  - by cultivation or low rates of paraquat
* is critical because competition with weeds decreases the quality of basil leaves
  - to get maximum plant growth and yields
  - different, since plants have metabolisms far different from animals
* is essential during the earliest stages of development
  - for establishment and rapid early growth
* is essential to insure optimal plant growth
  - reduce competition
  - important as weeds provide competition to the establishing dandelion plants
* is important for good yields
  - water conservation
* is important to insure maximum yields
  - prevent crop yield loss, weed seed production, and harvest loss
  - under drought conditions
  - largely dependent on herbicides
  - necessary to make an infested water body useable for transportation and recreation
  - often necessary until trees and shrubs are large enough to compete on their own
* is one of the most critical aspects of peanut production
  - important factors affecting yield
  - probably beneficial in reducing populations of alternate host plants
* is the leading cultural problem facing growers of nursery and landscape plantings
  - most critical element of organic soybean production
  - second most important factor in profitability
  - very important in timothy
* large part of asparagus production.
* major problem with producing vegetable crops with no-till systems.
* reduces competition by weeds for light, water and nutrients.
* serious problem during the rooting of stem cuttings of woody nursery crops.

Wild parsnip
* are parsnips
  - poisonous
* is also a garden escapee that grows very well in ditches in Minnesota.

Wild radish
* can bloom any month of the year, but is most prolific in winter and spring.
* competes vigorously with crops.
* is classified as a winter annual or a biennial plant, depending on region.
* produces abundant seeds.

Yellow rocket
* is found in cool regions.
* winter annual of the mustard family.

### plant | tracheophyte:

Woody plant
* All woody plants shed branches in response to shading and competition.
* Many woody plants are able to tolerate both sun and shade
  - also sensitive to lack of iron and zinc
  - have living cells in the outer bark when they are young
* Most woody plants are now leafless, and the herbs have given up their green shoots
  - establish in areas
  - grow best when the light intensity is high
* Most woody plants grow to height
  - tree height
* Most woody plants have appearances
  - roots
* Most woody plants produce leaves
* Most woody plants require full sunlight for proper growth and flower bloom
  - for proper growth and flowering
  - less moisture late in the growing season
  - shed leaves
* Some woody plants provide food.
* are a common component of most rangelands around the world
  - absent and standing water is present only after heavy rains
  - always perennials often long lived and can be very large
  - less affected than succulent plants
  - mainly blackbrush, agarito, condalias, pricklypear, guayacan, and guajillo
  - mesquite, huisache, hackberry and thorny brush
* are perennials and have special strategies for winter survival
  - that produce winter buds above the ground on over-wintering branches
  - scarce
  - solid objects
  - terrestrial organisms
  - usually either trees, shrubs, or lianas
  - vascular plants
  - very important for wildlife
  - seeds