Extinction event
* Some extinction events kill dinosaurs
  - lead to disappearances
  - result in destruction
* can affect many species or just a few individual species
  - occur by a variety of mechanisms
* play major roles
* shape the fossil record, more perhaps that any other contributing factor.

### extinction:

Light extinction
* Some light extinction occurs naturally.
* direct measurement of the level of haziness at the park.

Local extinction
* can result in areas with limited roost habitat or excessive disturbance
  - when existing bird populations are already very small
* is the loss of all individuals in a population.
* promote coexistence of semelparous and iteroparous life histories.
* refers to loss of all individuals from a given area.

### extinction:

Mass extinction
* Most mass extinction is caused by events
  - occurs during time
* Some mass extinction takes places.
* are a real possibility unless human actions alter
  - complex phenomena
  - geologically rare and globally widespread
  - quite a different type of extinction than the background extinctions
  - thought to result when a long-term stress is compounded by a short term shock
* changes life.
* define other major breaks in the geologic time scale.
  - the process in which huge numbers of species die out suddenly
* mediate the major evolutionary changes.

Natural extinction
* Most natural extinctions are the result of changes in climate.
* is part of the grand drama of life on Earth.

Extra chemical
+ Rocket candy, Components
  * These quickly moving gases push the rocket as they exit the motor. The oxidizer helps to add oxygen, which the fuel needs to burn. The extra chemicals can do a few things. Some can speed up the burning. Some can also make the fuel burn more completely. Some extra chemicals make the rocket look better when it is launched. They can add sparks and flames to liftoff. They can also add smoke when the rocket flies.
+ Rocket candy, Components, Extra chemicals
  * Extra chemicals are often added to rocket candy. They are used to change the way the fuel burns. These extra chemicals can make the rocket candy burn faster or slower. Some are used to change the color of the flame. Other chemicals are used to make smoke when the rocket flies. Some extra chemicals are used to change the way the fuel feels and acts. They can make the fuel less likely to break. They can also make the fuel more like a flowing liquid. This can make it easier  to put the rocket candy into the motor
  - What is in rocket candy?
  * This has a little more fuel than one needs. This way allows the rocket candy to be more liquid when it is melted. Extra chemicals can take the place some of the fuel. When extra chemicals are added the recipe can change. These are not the only combinations that work. There are many different combinations that will still make a rocket fly
  - candy: Fuel :: Rockets
  * Sucrose is the most commonly used type of sugar. Sucrose is known as table sugar. This part is also called an oxidizer. The extra chemicals can be many different things. They can change the speed of the fuel burning. Extra chemicals can also make the liftoff and flight more exciting and interesting to watch

### extreme data-rich field:

Genome research
* differs from basic biology research in the enormous number of samples processed.
* extreme data-rich field.
* has the possibility for ultimate good, or ultimate corruption.
* is the identification of the precise gene patterns of living organisms.

Extreme event
* Most extreme events affect calf survival
* Some extreme events cause fluctuations
  - result in mortality
* have consequences
  - immediate consequences
* highlight the intimate relationship between people and climate.
* influence use.
* lead to expansion
  - range expansion
* lead to rapid expansion
* may have effects
  - impact
  - pronounce effects