### animal | arthropod | insect:

Beetle
* All beetles are released once they have hatched
  - have six legs
  - metamorphosize from egg to larva to pupae and finally into an adult in a single season
  - undergo a complete metamorphosis
* Many beetles also eat tree and shrub leaves.
* Many beetles are also able to push nematodes away from the mouthparts with their front legs
  - beneficial insects
  - specific to certain plants
* Many beetles can create beautiful patterns as they bore into the wood
  - fly with their second pair of wings
  - eat plant tissue only after it has been partially broken down by fungi
  - exist as grubs during the larval stage
  - feed on stored plant or animal products
* Many beetles have beautiful colors and patterns in nature
  - specialized lifestyles, in that they feed on only one kind of plant
  - their abdominal spiracles on the dorsal surface, under the elytra
  - seek indoor refuges including homes, garages, sheds and outbuildings
* More beetles mean more mass attacks on bigger, healthier trees.
* Most beetles appear in gardens
  - regions
* Most beetles are herbivores, fungivores, or predaceous carnivores in the larval and adult stages
  - herbivorous or predaceous and live in almost any habitat
  - known as beetles
* Most beetles are located in logs
* Most beetles become household pests
  - plant pests
* Most beetles become serious pests
  - belong to families
  - can fly, although they do so in a slow, clumsy manner
* Most beetles cause crop damage
  - little damage
  - most damage
* Most beetles come from eggs
  - fields
  - ground
  - habitats
  - communicate with other beetles with chemicals
  - consume other insects
  - defend territory
* Most beetles destroy leaves
  - do have wings
* Most beetles eat aphids
  - bugs
  - decompose vegetation
  - flower plants
  - food
  - plant parts, either leaves or seeds or fruit or wood
  - substances
* Most beetles emerge from colonies
  - pupas
  - sites
  - in springs
* Most beetles enter buildings
  - next life stages
  - exhibit defensive reaction
* Most beetles feed on aphids
  - asparagus plants
  - decay vegetables
  - foliage
  - materials
* Most beetles feed on plant materials
  - soybean foliage
  - feel vibration
* Most beetles find backyards
  - urban backyards
* Most beetles get food
  - nutrition
* Most beetles give birth to beetles
* Most beetles has-part backs
  - bellies
* Most beetles have ability
  - antennas
  - black spots
  - compound eyes
  - fairly regular life cycles, with one or more generations per year
  - fearsome appearances
  - glands
  - hard shells
  - heads
  - mandibles
* Most beetles have many offspring
  - similarity
  - organs
  - outer shells
  - projections
  - ranges
  - roles
  - senses
  - thin legs
  - two hard mandibles at the front of their mouth which are a bit like teeth
  - very hard, tough structured exoskeletons
* Most beetles have wide host ranges
  - hear sound
  - help plants
* Most beetles hide in burrows
  - invade gardens
* Most beetles kill plants
  - winter squash plants
  - live for years
* Most beetles live in fields
  - terrestrial habitats
  - on earth
* Most beetles make creak sound
* Most beetles migrate to fields
  - only live for a year
* Most beetles possess eggs
  - fluid
  - pincers
* Most beetles prefer plants
  - soil
* Most beetles produce antifreeze proteins
  - range in length
* Most beetles resemble beneficial ladybugs
  - secrete yellowish fluid
* Most beetles seek beetles
  - survive winter months
  - threaten trees
* Most beetles undergo complete metamorphosis
* Most beetles use antennas
  - long legs
  - powerful legs
  - strong mandibles
  - their legs to walk or run
* Some beetles also carry a fungus on their body surface or in special pouches on their body.
* Some beetles appear in Germany
* Some beetles are a pest to man, feeding on fur, wool, hides, furniture, drugs and museum speciemens
  - effective as biocontrol agents which predate plant-feeding insects
  - good omens and some beetles are bad omens
* Some beetles are known as hunters
  - weevils
* Some beetles are located in Europe
  - compost
  - floors
  - messengers of good and bad weather
  - parasitic
  - attack wild plants
  - attract horseshoe bats
* Some beetles become household nuisances
  - serious nuisances
  - sticky substances
  - begin life
* Some beetles can become destructive pests
  - display extremely intricate behaviour when mating
  - eat both plants and animals, while others eat just one type of food
  - lay thousands of eggs during their lives
* Some beetles carry mites
  - pathogen
* Some beetles cause diseases
  - scars
  - trouble for farmers and people in forests because they eat crops or trees
  - visible scars
  - change color
  - chew holes
  - collect a supply of food for their larvae, and lay the egg in the ball of food
* Some beetles come from colonies
  - consume miller moths
  - depend on rain
* Some beetles destroy crops
  - lawns
  - develop very quickly and they can produce more than one generation each year
* Some beetles do damage
  - extensive damage
* Some beetles eat beetles
  - carpets
  - caterpillars
  - corn
  - dungs
  - embryos
  - flatworms
  - mosquitoes
  - oak trees
  - orchards
  - petals
  - small insects
  - tadpoles
  - whirligig beetles
  - emerge as adults
* Some beetles emerge from cases
  - environments
  - nests
  - enter houses
* Some beetles even behave similar to bees to confuse predators
  - eat slugs and the alien New Zealand flatworm
  - exhibit some rather peculiar behavior
* Some beetles feed aphids
  - at nights
  - diets
* Some beetles feed on deciduous trees
  - grain
  - grass roots
  - hardwood trees
  - hosts
  - leaf spinach
  - leaflets
  - locust trees
  - relatives
  - potato plants
  - follow pheromone
  - give special care to their eggs or larvae
  - glow in the dark
* Some beetles go through complete metamorphosis
* Some beetles has-part glands
* Some beetles have adhesive pads
  - babies
* Some beetles have black and yellow stripes so that they look similar to bees and wasps
  - bones
  - carapaces
  - chambers
  - discrepancies
  - disks
  - distinctive structures
  - filament
  - hard exoskeletons
  - horns
  - lobes
  - noses
  - over a dozen lobes in each testes
  - strong adhesive pads
  - symmetry
  - tiny larvae
  - very complex colours so that they look like bird droppings
* Some beetles have wide black stripes
  - help farmers
* Some beetles hide in flowers
  - groups
  - infect leaves
  - inhabit tobacco
* Some beetles invade fields
  - residences
  - shores
  - kill larvae
* Some beetles live in dead wood
  - jungle
  - layers
  - places that are hard for predators to find
  - tunnels
  - on plants
  - up to years
  - living in water eat small fish and tadpoles
* Some beetles make debris
  - up food
  - move from trees
  - occur in Canada
  - pass through stages
* Some beetles play in environments
* Some beetles possess chromosomes
  - mechanisms
* Some beetles prey on bullfrog tadpoles
  - produce chemical reaction
* Some beetles produce explosive chemical reaction
  - hydrogen peroxide
* Some beetles provide adequate protection
  - range in size
  - require wood
  - seek shelter
* Some beetles show dimorphism
  - sexual dimorphism
  - spread organisms
  - take places
* Some beetles transmit bacterial diseases
  - viruses
* Some beetles use chemical insecticide
* Some beetles visit flowers
* account for one quarter of all known species of plants and animals.
* aggregate on the silo for several days each fall.
* also are characterized by chewing mouthparts
  - damage plants as both larvae and adults chew on plant tissue
  - die if the bark is removed by peeling or milling
  - feed on and kill newly emerged seedlings
  - have more protein than most other insects
  - remain in the soil on cold wet days
  - spread squash mosaic virus
  - to re-infest the same host until it dies
* are a diverse order, and the effects of fire on beetles are variable
  - favourite food and it also eats caterpillars and slugs
  - major food item along with catepillars and earthworms
  - amazing creatures that are easily recognized by their shell-like exteriors
  - animals as are all insects and they reproduce sexually
  - capable of flies
  - conspicuous components of the insectan fauna associated with fungi
  - easiest to destroy when they are small larvae
  - fat oval with yellow-orange with black stripes
* are found in just about every habitat
  - on land and in fresh water all over the world
  - holometabolous insects, normally with adecticous, exarate pupae
  - in their own order
* are like all insects, they have a head, thorax, and abdomen, and six legs
  - rocks
  - more common in the coastal, higher rainfall areas
  - of value to humans in many ways
  - particularly a problem when they feed on the young shoots in the early spring
  - red to yellow with a black band around their outer edge
  - spread long dis- tances by road and rail traffic
* are the adult stage of the life cycle, and they lay the eggs in the mealworm substrate
  - largest group of living organisms known to science, bar none
  - main pollinators
* are the most common group found developing in firewood
  - diverse group of insects
  - speciose insect group
  - successful group of animals on our planet
  - tough animals for their size
  - very dominant as are termites
* begin to emerge about the same time crab apple trees and lilacs begin to bloom.
* breathe air.
* breed in recently dead or dying pines.
* can also eat crustaceans.
* can be a lot like butterflies
  - noisy
  - both hurt and help the environment
  - build up rapidly in stored honey, especially away from protective bees
* can carry disease organisms from plant to plant
  - the deadly oak wilt fungus to fresh wounds
  - cause serious losses in blueberries and brambles by feeding on fruit
  - crawl into houses and other structures, causing alarm by homeowners
  - emerge from infested firewood and attack living trees
  - harbor the bacterial wilt disease in their intestines overwinter
  - live on or in the ground, on vegetation, or in water
  - see ultraviolet light, making their sense of sight completely different from our own
  - wipe out entire forests
* chew on asparagus tips and foliage.
  - in a huge variety of size, shape and color
* come in many colours
  - shapes, sizes and colors
  - to dull, reddish brown flowers that smell spicy or like rotting fruit
* comprise about a quarter of all known species.
* consume insects
* create usable soil for vegetation by eating animal waste, rotten wood, and animal carcasses.
* damage seedlings.
* deposit their eggs in the soil around the bases of host plants.
* develop in a four-stage life cycle.
  - require a constant supply of moisture and love eating moistened bread
* eat all kinds of food
  - insects, even slugs
  - small rounded holes in the leaves
  - the most when they are larvae
* emerge during late spring and lay eggs-only one generation a year is produced.
* exhibit bilateral symmetry.
* exhibit defensive behavior that is mostly rooted in the attributes of their cuticle
* exploit almost every ecological niche and exhibit a tremendous range in size.
* feed and mate soon after emerging from the soil
  - then move about or leave the field
  - flowers and visit bacterial ooze
  - leaves and then lay eggs on bark
  - petioles, leaves and fruit, and a single adult can cause significant damage
  - plants, small insects and animal fibers, depending on species
* feed on the spears and glue rows of black eggs, usually on the tips
  - stems and foliage of the plant
* feeding on leaves usually chew out the tissue between the veins, leaving a lacey skeleton.
* fly or walk from one field to another, and populations mix.
* flying about late in an evening often foretell a fine day on the morrow.
* frequently skin pods in late season and scar the developing seed within.
* gather up the dung from canopy creatures and roll it away to their dung processing burrows.
* go about their work underfoot.
* have a big impact on the economy
  - lot of different ways to protect themselves from becoming someone else's lunch
  - pair of hard shells which cover their true wings
  - wide range of chemical defences, mostly got from plants their larvae eat
  - bodies with two segments
* have chewing mouthparts and eat both plants and other insects
  - well-developed antennae
  - different methods
  - lots of roles
  - sexual reproduction , which means males and females mate in order to make offspring
  - thick, armor-like front wings that protect their bodies
* includes air sacs
  - brains
  - cell membranes
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - sections
  - skulls
  - thoraxes
  - vacuoles
* inhabit every corner of the globe in all kinds of weather
  - nearly every part of land available
* is an insect
* lay eggs in the soil from late summer to fall.
* lift their elytra out of the way in order to fly.
* live everywhere.
* live for between one and three months
* live in a wide variety of terrestrial and freshwater habitats
  - small pits in leaves
* move from flower to flower, consuming the petals before they eat the leaves
  - to cucurbits as soon as plants come up or are set out, and begin feeding and mating
* often fight over the carcass, with usually the largest male and female individuals winning.
* pick up the spores of the fungus disease, as they live in diseased elm wood.
  - powerful mandibles with which to bore through tree bark and wood
  - south-facing walls or crevices
* pupate in groups on the undersides of lower leaves or in crevices.
* quickly infest the tree, and the tree dies within a few weeks.
* range across the complete functional and trophic range of the insects
* release pheromone.
* released after the summer solstice are likely to feed and overwinter without reproducing.
* rely on their sense of smell for feeding and finding a place to lay their eggs.
* remain infectious for at least three weeks.
* secrete fluid
  - foul fluid
* snug inside their trees.
* soon mate and continue feeding throughout the season.
* spend the winter as adults in leaf litter at the base of scale-infested plants.
* spread the oak wilt organism by carrying spores to fresh wounds on healthy oaks.
* start out as eggs that a female beetle lays.
* survive labeled and reduced soil insecticide applications
* swallow food.
* tend to be more abundant on outer rows
  - swarm alfalfa when in full bloom
* then transfer to toadflax pollen.
* threaten environments
* typically feed in groups on the top portion of host plants.
* undergo a complete metamorphosis - from egg to larvae to pupa to adult
* usually possess a thickened pair of forewings covering a membranous set of hind wings.
+ Beetle, Beetle bodies, Legs
  * The legs of beetles help them to walk, run, swim, and dig. All beetles have six legs. Each leg is made out of several parts. The parts on the end of each leg are called tarsi. Most beetles use their legs to walk or run. Some beetle legs are flat and have long hairs on them. These kinds of legs are found on water beetles.
  * The legs of beetles help them to walk, run, swim, and dig. All beetles have six legs. Each leg is made out of several parts. The parts on the end of each leg are called tarsi. Most beetles use their legs to walk or run. Some beetle legs are flat and have long hairs on them. These kinds of legs are found on water beetles. Beetles that often dig in soil have flat legs with spines or horns at the edges. Flat legs with horns are called fossorial legs. A few beetles have large hind legs, similar to those of grasshoppers, which help the beetle to jump
  * The mouth of a beetle is very different from the mouth of a person. Most beetles have two hard mandibles at the front of their mouth which are a bit like teeth. Mandibles help the beetle eat by crushing and cutting food. In some beetles, the mandibles look like big pincers. These fingers are called palpi
  - Wings:
  * Beetles differ from other flying insects because their front wings have evolved into hard covers, or elytra. The back wings are used for flying. They are thin and are kept under the elytra when at rest. Beetles lift their elytra out of the way in order to fly. A few species of true bugs have a similar arrangement
  - Beetles and people
  * Some beetles cause trouble for farmers and people in forests because they eat crops or trees. These beetles are called pests. One that destroys trees is the Emerald ash borer
  - How beetles grow
  * Beetles start out as eggs that a female beetle lays. Some beetles can lay thousands of eggs during their lives. A larva comes out when an egg hatches. Most beetle larvae do not look like adult beetles. A beetle larva eats and grows larger until it changes and becomes a pupa. When the pupa opens, an adult beetle, sometimes called an imago, comes out.
  * Beetles start out as eggs that a female beetle lays. Some beetles can lay thousands of eggs during their lives. A larva comes out when an egg hatches. Most beetle larvae do not look like adult beetles. A beetle larva eats and grows larger until it changes and becomes a pupa. When the pupa opens, an adult beetle, sometimes called an imago, comes out. This way of growing up is called complete metamorphosis.
  * Beetles eat the most when they are larvae. Some beetle larvae are predators, which means they hunt for other insects to eat. Other beetle larvae eat dead things, such as dead plants and dead animals
+ Beetle, What beetles do, Protection
  * Beetles are tough animals for their size. These include camouflage, mimicry, toxicity, and active defence.
  * Some beetles live in places that are hard for predators to find. Some beetles, such as longhorn beetles, live in tunnels inside tree branches. Only special predators that are small enough to use the long-horned beetle tunnels can eat the longhorn beetles.
  * Other beetles do not live in special places but they have colours or shapes that make them hard to find. When beetles have colours so that predators cannot see them, this is called camouflage. Some leaf beetles are green so that they can not be seen when they are on green leaves. Some beetles have very complex colours so that they look like bird droppings.
  * Some beetles have black and yellow stripes so that they look similar to bees and wasps. Some beetles even behave similar to bees to confuse predators.
  * Beetles have a wide range of chemical defences, mostly got from plants their larvae eat. These chemicals make them taste bad when predators eat them. Bombardier beetles squirt hot poisonous liquid at attackers. Lady beetles put out a cyanide compound when molested. Lady beetles also have colours that warn predators that they taste bad. Insects which taste foul use warning colours which birds learn to avoid
  * Some beetles give special care to their eggs or larvae. The female lays her eggs in the dung. When the eggs hatch, the larvae will eat the dung that their mother supplied for them