### protein:

Growth factor
* All growth factors are ligands that act locally to amplify or attenuate cellular responses.
* Most growth factors are polypeptides, similar in many respects to hormones
  - cause growth
  - control growth
* Most growth factors promote cell growth
* Most growth factors regulate cell growth
  - only certain types of cells and tissues
* Most growth factors stimulate bone growth
* Some growth factors can tell breast cells to grow and divide
  - influence osteoblast replication
  - involve in sex determination
  - stimulate synthesis
* act to overcome the suppression of axon growth.
* are a major class of molecules involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis and repair
  - also paracrine signal molecules
  - essential for the growth of mammalian cells
  - extracts from human skin, platelets, or collagen
  - important in regulating many types of cell division
  - only a part of a complex system regulating hematopoiesis
  - peptide hormones that regulate the growth of cells and tissues
  - well known for their different regulatory roles in the body
* boost heart's blood flow.
* can also stimulate cell division
  - speed and enhance healing of the wound
* fail to protect oligodendrocytes against humoral injury in vitro.
* have effects.
* immobilized on artificial matrices show mitogenic effects.
* make cells divide.
* prevent glucose-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in glia.
  - survival by inhibiting cellular apoptotic processes
  - development
  - defined phases of the cell cycle
* reverse the impaired sprouting of microvessels from aged mice.
  - cells to multiply and mature
  - the maturation and proliferation of all blood cells
  - tissue repair and recovery through cellular growth
* trigger activations.

Haemoglobin
* All haemoglobin is normal, with normal red blood cells.
* transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.

### protein:

Hemoglobin
* Most hemoglobins absorb oxygen.
* Most hemoglobins bind oxygen
  - sufficient oxygen
  - carry oxygen
  - have mass
  - react with oxygen
* Some hemoglobins carry blood
  - increase blood
  - lead to anemia
  - release oxygen
* are chemicals
  - complex molecules
  - globular proteins
  - located in blood
  - organic chemicals
  - pigment
  - the molecules in red blood cells which carry oxygen
* binds oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
* have irons
* includes atoms.
* includes chemical chain
  - groups
* transports oxygen from the lungs to the capillaries of the tissue

### protein | hemoglobin:

Abnormal hemoglobin
* Some abnormal hemoglobins lead to anemia.
* can result in four types of alpha thalessemia and two types of beta thalessemia.

### protein | hemoglobin:

Fetal hemoglobin
* arises from a gene different from that which produces hemoglobin.
* enhances the fetus' ability to draw oxygen from the placenta.
* gives an essentially normal reading.
* has a greater affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin.
* has a higher affinity for oxygen relative to adult hemoglobin
* is in an immature form and is more readily oxidized than adult hemoglobin
  - replaced by the adult form as genes switch on and off after the baby is born
  - resistant and stains
* protects the unborn child and newborns from the effects of sickle cell hemoglobin.

Mutant hemoglobin
* Some mutant hemoglobins cause serious illness.
* provide unique opportunities to probe structure-function relations in a protein.

Sickle hemoglobin
* exists as isolated units in the red cells when they have oxygen bound.
* makes red blood cells stiff and sticky.

High protein
* ascites in patients with uncomplicated hepatic cirrhosis.
* can actually cause skin problems
  - increase the scale of aggression, moods, and jumpiness
* has a negative impact on calcium balance.

Homologous protein
* have a common ancestor and typically a common function.
* make up protein families and superfamilies , encoded by gene families.