### animal | arthropod | insect:

Leafhopper
* Many leafhoppers attack U.S. crops such as corn, rice, citrus, peach, tomato, potato and sugarbeet.
* Most leafhoppers are narrow and only about half an inch long
  - do damage
* Most leafhoppers feed on foliage
  - food
  - grape foliage
  - have wings
  - invade gardens
  - move from plants
* Some leafhoppers bite humans
  - communicate by substrate vibration
  - feed on juice
* Some leafhoppers feed on plant juice
  - xylem
* Some leafhoppers find in fields
  - soybean fields
* Some leafhoppers have black spots
  - effects
  - heads
* Some leafhoppers have small black spots
  - produce byproduct
  - transmit pathogen
* are a group of small insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts
  - also carriers of plant diseases that can damage plants severely
  - an important food source for insectivores
  - common vectors for mycoplasmas
  - destructive insects that are look similar to tiny grass hoppers
  - fairly similar in size and appearance to the above spittlebug family
  - fast maturing insects, producing up to six generations per year
  - found in temperate, tropical, and subtropical climates
* are green, brown, or yellow bugs with wedge-shaped wings
  - wedge-shaped, and often walk sideways or hop
  - heavy in many fields with insecticides being applied
  - long, wedge-shaped insects that hop or fly short distances
  - often a serious problem in western North Carolina
* are one of the known carriers of the pathogen
  - largest families of plant-feeding insects
* are present at levels above threshold
  - threshold numbers
  - quite adept at jumping away from danger
  - serious pests of many plants
  - small insects, measuring a quarter to a half-inch long
  - small, very active, greenish to brownish, slender, wedge-shaped, jumping insects
  - the main vectors for mycoplasmas and fastidious bacteria
  - tricky to control
  - very active on warm, sunny days
* avoid feeding on shaded plants.
* can become infectious after feeding on a diseased plant for a short period of time
  - carry and spread diseases
* cause defoliation in almonds nearly every year
  - leaf discoloration along the leaf margins which spreads toward the mid-vein
* damage the plants they feed on.
* derive their name from their hopping behavior.
* develop in alfalfa first, moving to potatoes later.
* feed by inserting a stylet into a leaf midrib and sucking sap juices from the plant.
* feed on a wide variety of host plants, including edible beans
  - blossoms of beans and cause a poor pod set
  - plant sap with the aid of specialized mouthparts
  - rice plants by sucking up plant fluids through their long, piercing mouthparts
* feed on the plant juices
  - undersides of leaves
* have several generations each year
* includes air sacs
  - brains
  - carapaces
  - cell membranes
  - cells
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - ears
  - faces
  - flight feathers
  - nuclei
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - sections
  - shells
  - skulls
  - thoraxes
  - vacuoles
* infest several hundred kinds of cultivated and wild plants.
* look like tiny, green wedge-shaped insects that appear on the underside of leaves.
* migrate annually from the Gulf States on weather front air currents.
* normally jump or crawl rapidly sideways when disturbed.
* prefer senescing leaves, and symptoms usually occur on older leaves first
  - to feed and lay eggs in young, succulent alfalfa
* suck plant juices from many plants including grasses.
* transmit a microorganism that causes stunt disease
  - the viruses
  - viruses in a different manner
* typically migrate from the edge of the field inward.

### animal | arthropod | insect | leafhopper:

Potato leafhopper
* Most potato leafhoppers feed on foliage
* Some potato leafhoppers have effects
  - inject toxins
* can seriously damage young plants, causing stunting and yellowing of leaves.
* is very common in a host of crops.
* transient pest of apples, grapes, celery, rhubarb, and clover to name a few.