### animal cells:

Human cell
* All human cells depend on a adequate oxygen supply.
* Every human cell needs a minute amount of cholesterol in order to function properly.
* Many human cells are specialized in form and
  - look more like cylinders and rugby balls than spherical balls
* Most human cells are hard to keep alive for long in culture
  - have a nucleus which contains a person's genetic fingerprint
* Most human cells reproduce by dividing, a process controlled by components of the nucleus
  - through the process called mitosis
  - stop making telomerase early in life
* Some human cells have additional structures depending on what purpose they serve.
* adorn some antibodies with special carbohydrate molecules.
* are animal cells
  - either diploid or haploid
* are eukaryotic , the same as animal cells
* contain sets of chromosomes.
* divide in two ways.
* grow more slowly, and divide less often than mouse cells.
* have a membrane that holds the contents together
  - similar but more complex mechanism of cell cycle regulation than yeast cells
  - forty-six chromosomes, except for the sex cells, which have half that number
* lack the inducible tolerance to arsenite seen in Chinese hamster cells.
* regulate themselves, just as unicellular organisms do.
* respond to a prolonged mitotic arrest by inducing apoptosis.
* vary in size, but all are quite small.

Intestinal cell
* are animal cells
  - somatic cells
  - very receptor selective
* contain electron-opaque storage granules.
* have surface receptors on both basolateral and apical surfaces.

Liver cell
- large and foamy
  - somatic cells
* become scarred and fibrous.
* break down protein and glycogen, converting both into glucose.
* can divide when needed, to replace damaged cells
  - synthesize and store triglycerides
* gather where the liver have to be.
* have many jobs.
* release glucose into the blood to keep the blood levels of glucose constant.
* show a strong ability to regrow.

Parietal cell
- epithelial cells
  - large, pink, and very rounded
* produce acid used in digestion.
* secrete HCl that causes the pH to be very acidic
  - the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice

### animal diseases:

Saddle sore
* are a common malady of the unprepared
  - problem after spending six and seven hours in the sweat and heat
  - painful lumps which can develop in people who put in long hours of heavy training
* is animal diseases
  - gall

Scour
* are animal diseases
  - gouges or trenches plowed up by iceberg bases dragging on the bottom
* bacterial disease of newborn animals that causes diarrhea.
* symptom, possibly indicating the presence of harmful bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

Animal group
* Most animal groups can recognise their kin.
* Some animal groups provide protection to a plant species and receive living quarters in return.
* stand out by the presence of numerous endemics, including birds.

### animal tissue:

Arachnoid
* Most arachnoids show few signs of volcanism.
* are craters
  - large structures of unknown origin that have been found only on the surface of Venus
  - similarin form but generally smaller than coronae
  - smaller than most coronae, but have a similar genesis
* get their name from their resemblance to spider -webs
  - to spiderwebs
* is animal tissue
* look like coronas and form near coronas.

### animal tissue | arachnoid:

Harvestman
* Harvestmen are a scientifically neglected group
  - generally leisurely in their movements, but can move rapidly when disturbed
  - in the arachnid family, but they lack venom and silk glands
  - very old arachnids
  - breathe through tracheae , somewhat like insects
* Harvestmen have a globular body
  - an oval shaped body
* Most harvestmen have two eyes, although there are eyeless species
  - live only one year
* are arachnids.
* clean their legs after eating by drawing each leg in turn through their jaws.
* is an arachnoid