### drug:

Medication
* All medications affect the fetus differently
  - can cause side effects
* All medications can have adverse effects, and many have drug interactions
  - side-effects
* All medications have certain risks associated with their use
  - possible side effects including allergic reactions
  - potential risks and side effects
* All medications have potential side effects, of course, and antidepressants are no exception
  - risks and benefits
* All medications have side effects and alter the body
  - can cause serious health problems if used incorrectly
* All medications have side effects, including allergic reactions and stomach upset
  - drugs used to treat arrhythmias
* All medications have side effects, such as allergic reactions and stomach upset
  - as allergic reactions or stomach upset
  - some side effects
  - the potential to be abused, including over the counter medications
  - pose a risk of adverse reactions
* Any medication can put a fetus at risk, and there are specific risks for different medications.
* Determine the patient s use of medications.
* Know the exact names of medications currently taking or have taken in the past month.
* Many medications actually worsen or cause urinary leakage
  - affect mental function
* Many medications are available for the treatment of pain
  - treating high blood pressure
  - to reduce high blood pressure
* Many medications are available to treat allergies
  - nausea
  - dangerous when mixed with alcohol
  - expensive and have adverse side effects
  - hepatotoxic
  - important tools for staying healthy
  - most effective when inhaled directly into the lungs
* Many medications can adversely interact with medications used by the dentist
  - aggravate tremors
* Many medications can cause constipation
  - dryness
  - fertility problems and lower sperm counts
  - headaches
  - contribute to a condition of xerostomia
  - deplete natural stores of vitamins and enzymes
  - dry out the mouth or pose other threats to oral health
  - exacerbate diarrhea
* Many medications can help delay or stop kidney disease
  - treat asthma
  - help, especially with the positive symptoms of hallucinations and delusions
  - interact with alcohol, leading to increased risk of illness, injury, or death
  - pose problems for men with enlarged prostates
  - raise or lower blood pressure
  - reduce the frequency of migraines
* Many medications can result in hematuria
  - impotence
  - cause liver cell injury that can lead to overt hepatitis
  - come with severe side effects
  - disturb sleep
* Many medications have side effects
  - side-effects that cause fatigue
  - impact the skin in a variety of ways
  - increase levels of prolactin, the hormone that stimulates milk production
  - interact with coumadin
  - make a patient drowsy or actually fall asleep
  - prevent disease or treat diseases with no symptoms
  - produce hepatic injury by competitively interfering with cellular metabolism
  - taken during early pregnancy can affect the fetus
* Most medication is used in combination with psychotherapy.
* Most medications act to some degree as both destructive and immunomodulating agents
  - are available over the counter without a prescription in less developed countries
  - fall into the antihistamine category, either topical or oral
  - given out are inhalers for the prevention or maintenance of asthma
  - interact safely with the newer sulfonylurea agents
  - involve hormonal manipulation of some sort
* Most medications used for oral and IV sedation are considered compatible with breastfeeding
  - to treat tics can cause weight gain and stomach upset and other problems
  - worsen the situation because they often alter moods
* Some medication can also cause impotence, especially hypertension drugs.
* Some medication can cause extra sensitivity to the UV light, causing overexposure
  - skin to burn more easily
  - help in alleviating some of an aggressive dog's anxieties
  - requiring prescriptions abroad is sold over the counter in Egypt
  - medications affect the sense of taste
* Some medications also can cause headaches
  - contribute to depression
  - cause sexual dysfunction as a side effect
  - contain caffeine, another trigger for some people
  - increase appetite
  - interfere with children's normal alertness
  - require physician orders
  - result in low sexual drive or frank impotency too
  - alter the sense of taste, which can adversely affect appetite
  - appear to prevent recurrent migraines
* Some medications are better for people with diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, etc
  - hard to swallow in pill form
  - ineffective or have dangerous side effects when taken with other medications
* Some medications are more effective when stored at certain temperatures
  - likely to be involved with serious drug interactions
  - moved by pumps in cells
  - useful to relieve the symptoms of sudden blood-vessel blockage
  - worst than others in terms of their withdrawal symptoms
  - block the absorption of iron
* Some medications can actually cause clinical depression
  - reduce the size of the prostate
* Some medications can also cause chronic hepatitis
  - fluid problems
  - induce tinnitus, most notably aspirin
* Some medications can be extremely helpful in treatment a person who suffers from anorexia nervosa
  - in treatment a person who suffers from bulimia
  - lethal to pets
  - become dangerous or ineffective over time
  - build up in the blood system over a period of time and cause hallucinations
* Some medications can cause changes in nail pigmentation
  - colitis
  - confusion or nausea
  - depression or mania, as can a medical illness
  - heartburn
  - incontinence, especially some of the ones used for epilepsy
* Some medications can cause or contribute to breast pain
  - exacerbate bad breath
  - photophobia
  - reflux
  - tinnitus, most commonly aspirin containing drugs
  - urinary retention
  - damage the nervous system and other internal organs, such as the liver
  - deal with specific symptoms, but there is no cure
  - distort taste, often by causing a metallic or bitter taste
* Some medications can help relieve joint pain and swelling and can help slow down the joint damage
  - tighten the ring of muscles that control release of urine
* Some medications can increase sensitivity to sunlight
  - the sun's rays
  - the amount of blood loss
  - induce or inhibit VLP metabolism
  - interact with nicotine to cause a harmful effect
* Some medications can interfere with a PET scan
  - skin testing
* Some medications can lead to drowsiness
  - fatigue and muscle weakness
  - insomnia as well
* Some medications can make symptoms worse if take far too long
  - the heart race, including decongestants in allergy and cold medications
  - tinnitus worse
  - pass through the milk, and some can be harmful
  - precipitate a depression
* Some medications can reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills
  - severity of the illness
  - stimulate fibrinolysis
* Some medications cause at adverse reaction in hot weather
  - birth defects
  - itchiness as a side effect
  - loss of appetite
  - serious sun sensitivity, as do some diseases, such as lupus erythematosus
  - change the body's response to oxygen
  - come in combination with decongestants
* Some medications contain caffeine doses equivalent to five cups of coffee
  - milk protein
  - retinoids
  - the drug anhydrous theophylline
  - toxic metals such as lead and mercury
  - contribute to poor physical fitness
* Some medications decrease the bodies ability to produce lubricating tears
  - body's ability to produce lubricating tears
  - diminish the formation of the liquid inside the eye while others increase drainage
* Some medications have a long history of being used in pregnancy without problems
  - entirely different side effects in the elderly than in younger people
  - possible or proven neuroprotective properties
  - withdrawal effects that are often worse than the original problem
* Some medications help by decreasing the metabolic requirements of the brain
  - to partially reduce and suppress the symptoms of excessive movements
* Some medications increase sun sensitivity
  - the skin's sensitivity to UV rays
  - interact with rifabutin
  - interfere directly or indirectly with urine production
* Some medications interfere with one another and thus can limit their effectiveness
  - the effectiveness of Norplant implants
  - irritate the stomach, especially if there is no food in the stomach
* Some medications lead to dehydration of the vocal folds
* Some medications produce an allergic rash on body parts exposed to the sun
  - allergic-type reaction, causing eruptions to appear all over the skin
  - reduce the sense of hunger or cause nausea
* Some medications reportedly can help counteract jet lag
  - destroy the collagen structure of the eye
* Some medications require blood tests to be carried out
  - laboratory test monitoring due to occasional side effects
  - special temperatures or other conditions to stay fresh and effective
  - result in a small, transient improvement in memory
  - seem to help memory in some people
* Some medications take longer to take effect than others
  - weeks to build up in the system
* Some medications used for depression also increase serotonin
  - in the treatment of headache can cause increased appetite or weight gain
  - when used too frequently can actually cause headaches
  - work better with food and some better on an empty stomach
  - worsen pimples
* acerbates the physical problems for some people.
* address the biological and chemical aspects of mental illnesses.
* affect everyone differently.
* affects cancers differently before and after menopause.
* also can affect appetite or taste perception, changing food intake
  - cause changes that make having sex more difficult
  - helps prevent reproductive infections
  - interfere with many vitamins
* also play a role in treating an individual with autism
  - reduce swelling and mucus
  - reduces disruptive behaviors, aggression, and hyperactivity
  - shortens the time that they're contagious
* are a means to an end.
* are also dependent on the patient's temperature
  - limited in what they can do
  - among the most common causes of reversible confusional states in elderly people
* are another common cause of insomnia
  - secondary cause of constipation
  - available to control acid levels in the stomach
  - famous for lowering libido
* are generally helpful in maintaining a normal heart rhythm
  - mandatory for the treatment of disorders such as schizophrenia and mania
  - safe when used appropriately, and severe risks are rare
* are helpful in managing rheumatoid arthritis
  - treating arthritic condibons
  - highly effective for anxiety, either alone or in combination with behavior therapy
  - increasingly effective for symptom control, as well as prevention of complications
* are less effective in relieving pain of unstable angina
  - essential than environmental measures in the treatment of body lice
  - most effective in relieving symptoms of depression
  - mostly harmful
* are necessary for most people with lupus
  - sugar to enter the body's cells and metabolize
* are often helpful in returning the heart to a normal rhythm
  - treating symptoms of depression or anxiety
* are one area where mistakes can occur in medical institutions
  - part of overall treatment and management of children with mental retardation
  - substances that create change in the functioning of organisms
  - the most common cause of delirium
  - to blame for sore, dry mouths, which make eating unpleasant
  - typically part of treatments for social phobia and agoraphobia
  - useful when used as prescribed but harmful if used inappropriately
  - variable because of individual responses to medications
* can adversely affect the body's ability to utilize many nutrients.
* can affect blood sugars and cause the diabetes to zoom out of control
  - heart rate
* can also affect appetite and the absorption of nutrients
  - alter sleeping patterns
  - be helpful in treating the symptoms of a cold and the flu
* can also cause dizziness
  - or worsen incontinence
  - control erratic heartbeat
  - have negative side effects
* can also help alleviate irritable bowel syndrome
  - prevent problems
  - reduce symptoms
  - reduce bone loss
  - thin the blood in order to prevent clots and a subsequent stroke
* can be beneficial to some persons with mental or emotional disorders
  - corrosive or irritating to the eyes
* can be effective for some patients with heart valve disease
  - in treating incontinence
  - toxic and can irritate the skin
  - useful in reducing anxiety, depression, and disruptive impulses
  - very effective in relieving anxiety symptoms
  - bring comfort to patients experiencing pain
  - cause adverse effects when taken alone or in combination with food or other drugs
* can cause many different skin reactions, with varying rashes
  - types of skin reactions
  - problems for the way people think, move, or feel
* can cause side effects such as allergic reactions and stomach upset
  - effects, such as headaches, skin rashes, dizziness, or nausea
  - weight gain or loss, appetite increase or decrease, or fluid retention
  - certainly induce hallucinations
  - contain wheat, wheat germ, wheat starch, etc. as ingredients or coatings
* can control inflammation and prevent recurrent episodes of pseudogout
  - or prevent partial seizures
  - some symptoms for some people
  - correct anemia
* can cure anxiety disorders
  - decrease the frequency of sleep attacks
* can have a powerful effect on the mood and behavior of children
  - many positive and negative effects on our clients' performance in therapy
  - side effects, including hot flashes and loss of sexual desire
  - help alleviate symptoms for many mental illnesses
* can help control constriction and inflammation and reduce symptoms
  - the buildup of fluid in the abdomen
  - decrease the amount of time symptoms last
  - keep mold allergy reactions under control
  - manage symptoms and provide new energy
* can help prevent heart failure for both cats and dogs
  - reduce some symptoms allowing psychotherapy to be more effective
  - relieve many of the symptoms of allergies
  - to control seizures though there are often side effects from the drugs
  - with pain and fatigue
  - help, but often lose effectiveness over time
  - improve attention span, concentration, hyperactivity, and aggressive behaviors
  - interact with alcohol to provide an intensified affect
  - interfere with salivation resulting in a dry mouth and decreased taste sensation
  - lose their effectiveness if stored improperly
* can minimize the destructive biological impact of chronic illness
  - discomfort of panic attacks
  - often affect the skin adversely
  - play a role in the problem of incontinence
* can reduce disruptive behaviors, aggression, and hyperactivity
  - the symptoms of an acute attack and prevent recurring illness
  - regulate serotonin, reducing obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
* can relieve symptoms and heal oesophagitis in almost everyone
  - vertigo, nausea and vomiting
  - remove lead from the body
  - significantly lessen the overall impact of a virus on the family
* can slow down the breakdown process, in effect, increasing the net bone mass
  - increase of viruses in the blood
* can sometimes be the culprit of allergic reactions as well
  - dissolve bladder stones
  - stop a gout attack and prevent damage to the joints
  - trigger muscle cramps
* cause learning disabilities.
* causes allergic reaction.
* complicate people's lives and sometimes lead to feelings of failure.
* containing albendazole and mebendazole help kill pinworms
  - estrogen like birth control pills also can increase fluid retention
  - narcotics affect the fetus as well
  - nicotine, like a patch or gum, are harmful and addicting
* control symptoms primarily by controlling the imbalance between the transmitters
  - the symptoms of their illnesses for long periods
* controls or reduces the number of seizures for many people.
* create change in the states of health or the mechanisms of various systems in the body.
* deal primarily with symptoms and fail to prolong the patient's life in most cases.
* degrade and lose their potency over time.
* delivered by the inhalation route represent the most common form of drug therapy.
* do save lives but also can be dangerous.
* fall into four risk categories when considering damage to a developing fetus.
* frequently cause constipation.
* given for attentional disorders also can have negative effects on a bipolar child
  - fibromyalgia can help reduce pain, improve sleep, and control other symptoms
  - other conditions sometimes cause changes in the blood sugar level
* has it's own roots in plant seeds, saps, barks, flowers and leaves.
* has no permanent effect on the abnormalities that cause reflux
  - place in the management of temper tantrums
* have a direct affect on our nutritional levels
  - similar mechanism of action
  - an established role in the treatment of stress incontinence
  - different efficacy for different seizure types
  - only limited short term benefits on social adjustment and academic achievement
  - strange side effects
* help control the heart rate and amount of blood flowing through the heart
  - smokers overcome nicotine cravings
  - to control the tremors, stiffness, slowness and walking difficulties
* helps level the chemical imbalances in the brain.
* improve health and quality of life but some can profoundly affect nutritional needs.
* including some blood pressure medications can directly or indirectly affect performance.
* is administered in dosages shown to alleviate symptoms
  - to prevent diarrhea
  - all too often confused with drug addiction and narcotics
  - also important for the control of non-insulin dependent diabetes
* is an alternative to surgery for some men
  - essential treatment for psychosis
  - important form of therapy and is essential to the asthmatic
  - given to reduce inflammation or regulate the immune system
  - injected around the spinal cord during labor or other types of surgery
* is located in doctors
  - suitcases
  - one form of treatment that is available to help deal with depression
  - sometimes useful in easing the core symptoms of social phobias
  - taken by some people to keep their blood pressure under control
* is the mainstay of asthma treatment
  - only accepted form of treatment for epilepsy
* is the treatment of choice for gout
  - people suffering from mental health challenges
  - typically important for the treatment of the symptoms of mental illness
* is used to control pain and inflammation
  - counteract the inflammation
  - dissolve the core of the wart or to inhibit their growth
  - help control symptoms and to maximize heart function
  - reduce bad cholesterol and in some cases increase good cholesterol
  - suppress and control joint inflammation and pain
  - usually a tablet given by mouth once or twice daily
* kill only the adult worms and have no effect on developing eggs and larvae.
* known as antiemetics can help to control the stimulating of the vomit center.
* major source of unintentional poisoning.
* make losing weight so much easier and more successful.
* mask the process of going within by treating symptoms.
* often can reduce the impulse to engage in ritualistic behavior
  - decreases the appetite during the daytime
* often fail to remove symptoms especially negative symptoms
  - the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
  - interfere with nutrient absorption
* part of daily life for many people with mental illness.
* play a major role in falls in older adults.
* play an important part in treating heart failure
  - role in the treatment of osteoporosis
* plays an important role in the treatment of chronic pain.
* pose a risk for nursing infants, since most can be excreted in breast milk.
* prescribed for pregnant women are also appropriate for breastfeeding women.
* prevent recurrent episodes in only about half of patients.
* range from a variety of antidepressant medications to specific antianxiety drugs.
* remain the basis of therapy in many cases.
* sold in generic form are often well-established, frequently used drugs.
* sometimes cause dry eye by reducing tear secretion
  - gastrointestinal bleeding
  - come with side-effects that impact quality of life
* taken for other health problems can sometimes worsen acne
  - orally are systemic because they are distributed to the entire body
* treat brain-based disorders.
* use to eliminate the microfilarae include the use of ivermectin and milbemycin oxime.
* used for stabilizing mood include lithium, depakene and tegretol
  - include tetracycline and doxycycline
* usually plays an important role in the treatment of bipolar disorder
  - the treatment of psychotic illnesses
  - reduce the effects of alcohol in older persons
* work best when combined with therapy and behavior modification.
* work differently for each individual
  - on different people
* works by numbing the brain or healing the soft tissue in one way or another.
+ Pharmacology, Scientific background: Drugs
  * Medication is said to have a narrow or wide therapeutic index. This describes the ratio of desired effect to toxic effect.
+ Sleep disorder, Treatment
  * Medications sometimes work fast. On the other hand, sometimes behavioral treatment of insomnia may give more lasting results.