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Bat
* All bats are mammals
  - nocturnal animals
* All bats bite and carry rabies and diseases
  - can cling to surprisingly small surfaces
* All bats can see, and some probably have good eyesight
  - but some use a special sonar system called echolocation
  - carry diseases like rabies
  - drink blood
  - feed at night
  - give birth to one or two naked young a year
* All bats have eyes and see very well
  - lots of predators
  - tails
  - very big appetites, because flying uses up lots of energy
  - look for food at night
  - sleep in the day and work at night
* CAN hear sounds audible to humans.
* Every bat flies and they are the only mammal that can fly
  - is made of white ash, mainly from Pennsylvania
* Learn the truth about the world's only flying mammals.
* Looks into ecology, foraging, diet, biology, reproduction, etc.
* Many bats also are important plant pollinators and seed dispersers especially in tropical areas.
* Many bats are also insectivores
  - nocturnal, and find their way around by means of echolocation
  - remarkably intelligent
  - can hover in one place like hummingbirds and helicopters
  - communicate with chattering and shrieks
  - eat as much as half their weight in food each night
* Many bats feed almost exclusively on night flying moths, many of which are major agricultural pests
  - on nectar and fruit rather than on insects
* Many bats find their way and locate prey using the sound of echoes
  - trees to be the perfect place to roost and spend time taking care of their babies
* Many bats have facial folds, wrinkles or leaves of skin
  - unique faces and ears
  - hibernate or migrate during the winter because of low temperatures and a poor food supply
  - shelter in buildings, behind hanging tiles and boarding or in roof spaces
  - spread seeds for new plants and trees
* Many bats use a reproductive strategy called delayed fertilization
  - echolocation to find prey items
  - one or more night roosts to rest and digest food
* Most bats absorb heat
  - adapt to rainforests
* Most bats are blind
  - economically valuable because of the large number of insects they consume
  - harmless to people
  - healthy and contribute to our environment in many ways
  - insectivorous which means that they eat insects
  - insectivorous, but a few types, mainly large tropical bats, are devil-worshippers
  - known as bats
  - live-captured near roosts in abandoned buildings
* Most bats are located in ecosystems
  - habitats
  - more effective than other means of insect control
  - nocturnal and find their way by echolocation
  - predators of night flying insects, like mosquitoes
  - rabid
* Most bats avoid fire
  - become gentle when they realize no harm is meant
  - can see well, but rely more on sound than sight
* Most bats carry fleas
  - parasites
  - rabies viruses
* Most bats come from bats
  - caves
  - consume more than half their own weight in insects each night
* Most bats develop habits
  - nocturnal habits
  - wings
  - do eat insects, but some eat tiny fish, fruit, or pollen and nectar
  - drink milk
* Most bats eat arthropods
  - bugs or fruit
  - fruit and insects
  - insects, which they hunt at night
  - emerge at nights
* Most bats emerge from caves
  - hibernation
  - emit echolocation calls
  - enter caves
  - exhibit unusual behavior
  - expend energy
* Most bats feed on blossom fruit
  - fly insects
  - insect pests
  - insects and are active during the night
  - insects, which they capture while in flight
  - feel light
  - find food
  - fly at night
* Most bats fly over surfaces
  - give birth to bats
  - go to caves
* Most bats grow cells
  - hair
  - hang from claws
* Most bats has-part bones
  - glands
  - legs
  - nostrils
  - organs
  - stomachs
  - teeth
  - tongues
* Most bats have a membrane between their legs
  - average size
  - big ears and very good hearing
  - brown fur
  - distribution
  - heat sensors
  - length
  - lifespans
  - little pieces of skin in the front of their ears
* Most bats have long noses
  - membranes
* Most bats have only one baby a year
  - young per year
  - potential lifespans
  - skulls
  - small, sharp teeth that reduce food to a soupy texture
  - snouts
  - their young in the late spring or early summer, after awakening from hibernation
  - thin membranes
  - wing membranes
* Most bats hibernate during winter
  - over winter
  - kill prey
  - leave hibernation sites
* Most bats live a nocturnal lifestyle and spend the daylight hours in roosts
  - entirely in natural surroundings and many migrate in the fall
  - for years
* Most bats live in Africa
  - burrows
  - cavities
  - colonies
  - environments
  - ground
  - groups, and group size varies dramatically among species
  - large colonies
  - temperate areas
  - underground burrows
  - longer than most mammals of their size
* Most bats live on earth
  - nearby trees
  - over years
* Most bats make colonies
* Most bats mate in late summer or early fall, although some breed in winter
* Most bats migrate to caves
  - move into areas
* Most bats occur in habitats
  - saguaro habitats
* Most bats only have one pup a year
  - young, called a pup, at a time
  - play in wildernesses
  - prefer dark areas when searching for a potential roost site
* Most bats produce only one baby per year
  - their first young at the age of one year
* Most bats require caves
  - resemble little brown bats
  - rest , sleep and hibernate in an upside-down position
* Most bats return to caves
  - their roosts by four or five o'clock in the morning
  - see well but depend on echolocation to navigate in the dark
* Most bats seek caves
  - shake wings
  - share common characteristics
* Most bats sit in belfries
  - spend the day sleeping in their roost
  - spread wings
  - suck blood
* Most bats take flight only from a high perch
  - transmit sound
* Most bats use an advanced high frequency sound pulse known as echolocation
  - feet
  - much energy
  - sonar to hunt and navigate, and ultrasound to communicate
* S have even more complex and sensitive hearing systems.
* Some bats achieve sexual maturity in their first year, others in their second.
* Some bats actually have good eyesight
  - live under big leaves and by using camouflage they can hide from harm and danger
* Some bats also hibernate during the colder months
  - use underground roosts during the night in summer for feeding or for mating
* Some bats appear in books
  - holes
* Some bats are big and little because they're born like that
  - carnivores and some are herbivores
  - inside zoos
  - like humans
  - located at homes
* Some bats are located in Africa
  - mountains
  - monogamous, and some are highly promiscuous
  - more social, others are more solitary
  - so good at echolocation that they can detect and avoid wires as thin as human hairs
  - unable to echolocate
  - associate with environments
  - attract predators
* Some bats avoid enemies
  - farmers
  - hunters
  - obstacles
* Some bats can bite people and then they fly away
  - carry a very serious disease called rabies
  - eat half their weight in insects each night
* Some bats can see a bug the size of a rice grain by starlight
  - better with their eyes
  - catch and eat the insect directly out of the wing or tail pouch alone
  - chew food
* Some bats come from Pennsylvania
  - with a specialized cushioned grip, which minimizes bat vibrations
  - conserve energy
  - consume vast numbers of insects and are valuable pest-controllers
  - depend on their vision and sense of smell to navigate and to find food at night
  - detect events
* Some bats develop ears
  - immunity
* Some bats eat animals, frogs, ants, and fish
  - apples
  - beetles
  - bugs others eat fruit and drink animal blood
  - cycad seeds
  - fleshy seeds
  - flies, mosquitoes and other insects
* Some bats eat fruit and people eat fruit
  - some eat frogs
  - in the night
  - fruits and help pollinate the fruit trees
  - guava fruit
  - insects too
  - insects, fruit, and drink blood
  - meat and fish and frogs
  - mice
  - plant material
  - spiders
  - the inside of cacti
  - eats insects, fruits, nectar or pollen while others eat lizards, rats, birds or fish
  - emerge from mines
* Some bats emit intense sound
  - the sounds from their mouth, which they hold open as they fly
  - even take shelter in the abandoned homes of other animals
  - face extinction
* Some bats feed in Canada
  - open areas
* Some bats feed on bananas
  - crabs
  - juice
  - other vertebrates
  - peccaries
  - only on fruits and nectar
  - find their food by echolocation
  - get moisture
  - give birth to offspring
* Some bats go into deep hibernation
  - true hibernation
* Some bats harbor rabies viruses
  - has-part eyes
* Some bats have a baby twice a year
  - head shaped like that of a miniature bear or dog
  - mechanism for making themselves temporarily deaf when emitting sound bursts
  - barrels
  - distinction
  - flight patterns
  - functions
* Some bats have high intake
  - protein intake
  - levels
  - long tails
  - low mortality
  - red eyes
  - short tails, other have no tail
  - specialized structures for emitting echolocation calls
  - thumbs
  - unique features
  - wood
  - hear calls
* Some bats help control the insects
  - kill insects
  - populations
  - to control the insect population
  - hibernate but some fly to warmer locations for winter
* Some bats hibernate in Idaho during winter whereas others migrate to warmers regions
  - buildings during the winter months
  - hide in forests
  - invade territory
  - join flight
  - leave infants
* Some bats live in Austin
  - England
  - Illinois
  - Michigan
  - hollows
  - on roofs
  - together in big colonies during the winter
  - look funny, or have yellow wings or hair on their heads
* Some bats maintain body temperature
  - core body temperature
* Some bats maintain warm body temperature
* Some bats make animals
  - litter
* Some bats migrate for the winter
* Some bats migrate to areas
* Some bats migrate to warmer climates during the winter, others hibernate
  - during the winter, while others hibernate
  - mirgrate for the winter
  - normally have their mammary glands in that region
  - now vary the frequency when they detect a moth
* Some bats occur in Canada
  - Florida
  - neighborhoods
  - valleys
  - woodlands
  - only eat fish, some bats eat other bats, some bats eat spiders
  - perform insect control services
* Some bats pick insects off foliage or even off the ground
  - up viruses
  - play in environments
  - pose threats
* Some bats prefer hollow trees, some like caves and some use both at different times
  - waterways, others prefer woods or grassland
* Some bats produce echolocation sound
  - regurgitate blood meals
* Some bats rely on gardens
* Some bats require environments
  - stable, highly insulated environments in order to hibernate
  - reside in attics
  - rest in the hollow parts of trees
  - return to colonies
* Some bats roost in cool dry places and some in damp burrows underground
  - foliage, often modifying it to suit their needs
* Some bats seek homes
* Some bats share common ancestors
  - shed hair
  - show growth
  - sleep during the winter months just like bears do
  - spend the winter in underground caves
  - stand on legs
  - starve to death
  - suck blood like the Vampire bat
* Some bats transmit parasites
* Some bats use echolocation
  - scents to pick up trails of ripening fruit
  - the tail as a pouch to catch insects
  - their large ears to hear even the faintest footsteps of a walking katydid
  - ultrasound for echolocation while in flight
  - wait for prey
* account for almost a quarter of all mammal species.
* actually echolocate using three different systems, depending on the species of bat
  - fly with a modified hand
* adaptively increases the number of sound pulses emitted as they approach a prey.
* also appear in stories about darkness, death, and night
  - are pollinators of agave plants from which tequila is produced
  - assist the birds and bees as a pollination agent
  - concentrate on building up fat stores for the coming months
  - control insect populations
  - drop seeds in the rainforest
  - find enough insects to eat around orchards and other agricultural areas
* also have a heart, brain, lungs and all the other organs that humans have
  - good eyesight, especially in low light
  - the ability to fly, although their body's are very different
  - well-developed acoustic communication abilities
  - help pollinate flowers
  - invert our common beliefs regarding their eyesight
  - like to live in or under bridges
  - live in many other dark and safe structures
* also make audible sounds
  - social calls, which are less useful for species identification
  - plant trees by dropping seeds from the fruit they eat
  - play an important role in balancing the ecosystem
* also pollinate desert plants and disperse seeds, crucial for ecological diversity
  - flowers and disperse seeds in rainforests and deserts
  - provide invaluable ecological and medicinal services
  - seem to prefer locations that are relatively protected from the wind
  - suffer mortality at the hands of some manmade structures
  - undertake seasonal migration between caves
* also use a wide range of vocalizations to communicate
  - echolocation to identify food sources
  - sound to express emotion or for communication
  - their wings for warmth and for fanning when too hot
* always turn left when exiting a cave.
* appear to be declining rapidly in many industrialized countries.
* are New Zealand's only endemic land mammals.
* are a crucial member of healthy rain forest habitats
  - distinct group with more members than any other mammal assemblage except rodents
  - diverse mammal group
* are a fascinating group of animals
  - mammal that are capable of true flight
  - favorite meal of the boa constrictor
  - good example of animals who sleep in caves but hunt for food outside
  - known carrier of rabies
  - more highly evolved species
  - much more prolific consumer of mosquitoes
  - needed and desirable segment of our native fauna
  - problem as far as the transmission of rabies is concerned
  - relatively more primitive species
  - successful animal group, in fact one fourth of mammal species worldwide are bats
  - threat to people most of the time
* are a very diverse mammal group
  - numerous and diverse group of animals and can be found all over the world
* are able to hibernate through the winter
  - squeeze through narrow slits and cracks
* are active at night and rest during the day
  - mostly at night when feeding
* are actually clean and almost disease-free animals
  - ecologically and economically very important to humans
  - harmless creatures that are important parts of our environment
  - much more helpful in controlling mosquitoes
  - agile fliers
  - all sizes, shapes, and colors too
* are also a symbol of ghosts , death and disease
  - capable to pluck flying insects during their flight and in complete darkness
  - difficult to identify unless found at a roost or captured
  - high risk rabies vectors
  - mistaken for birds when they fly
  - of much less concern to most miners than birds
  - the most misunderstood
* are also the only mammal that can fly
  - has evolved true flight
  - useful to the life outside the cave
  - amazing Bats are the only mammals capable of flight
  - among the cleanest mammals, and often groom themselves and other roost mates
* are among the most beneficial and necessary animals on Earth
  - fascinating and highly beneficial animals
  - necessary animals on earth
  - world's most fascinating animals
  - an essential part of a healthy ecosystem
* are an extremely important part of the ecosystem wherever they live
  - valuable natural resource
  - important part of our ecology
* are an important part of the ecology of Oregon
  - natural world
  - invaluable natural resource and in recent times have been declining at an alarming rate
  - often misunderstood and greatly underappreciated group of animals
  - animals that fly around at night
  - associated with a few diseases that affect people, such as rabies and histoplasmosis
* are beneficial Bats are the most important natural enemies of night-flying insects
  - to man and the environment
  - black or brown and swoop at night
  - blood-suckers
  - capable of flying in great heights
* are clean and sociable animals and spend many hours grooming themselves
  - animals that groom themselves daily
  - clean, shy and intelligent creatures
  - common in all the United States
  - considered to be the slowest of all mammals in the aspect of reproduction
  - constantly on the prowl for suitable alternate roosts
* are critical to ecosystems around the world and in Michigan, experts say
  - the cycle of rain forest regeneration
  - different because bats have larger fingers than birds do
  - dirty and carry rabies
  - endangered animals
* are especially difficult to test because of precautions against rabies
  - important pollinators in the tropics
  - prone to be carriers of rabies
  - essential pollinators of trees that support many species in Samoa's rainforest canopy
* are essential to our environment and valuable for insect control
  - the health of our natural world
  - excellent barometers for measuring ecosystem health
* are experts at echolocation - navigating by the use of reflected sound
  - flying in the dark and through narrow, difficult passages
  - extraordinary animals and have incredible abilities
* are extremely beneficial because they eat enormous numbers of insects
  - beneficial, eating thousands of insects, including mosquitoes, every night
  - clean, sometimes grooming, licking, and scratching themselves for hours
  - loyal to their chosen hibernation sites, returning to the same ones each autumn
  - successful nocturnal mammal fliers
  - susceptible to disturbance of their habitats
* are fascinating creatures that are critical components of a balanced ecosystem
  - found in almost every location in the world
  - fully active and feeding
  - gentle animals that help create a healthy environment for people
  - gentle, intelligent creatures
* are good at flying at night because they use sound rather than sight to navigate
  - for our habitat
  - indicators to our environmental quality
* are great natural mosquito controls
  - to have around because they eat millions of insects
  - greatly beneficial to human comfort in that they reduce mosquito populations
  - harmless creatures of the night
  - helpful to people
* are highly beneficial creatures yet they are probably the most misunderstood
  - valuable as species for scientific research
  - vulnerable to regular disturbance to their roosts
  - hugely successful, mostly as nighttime predators of insects
* are important pollinators of some tropical flowers
  - in serious decline nearly everywhere
  - incapable to stand upright because of too small pelvic girdle
  - indeed beneficial to people
  - infected while hibernating in caves
  - interesting pets but require specialized care
  - interesting, but often misunderstood, creatures
  - key players necessary to maintain a healthy ecological system in our world
  - largely responsible for the reforestation of the rain forest
  - like bees, in that they pollinate plants
  - long lived animals
* are mammals and are more closely related to people than to the mice
  - thus, female bats possess mammary glands which produce milk
  - because they have fur
  - like whales and people
* are mammals that can fly
  - come out at dusk and hunt insects
  - whose natural habitat is caves
* are more closely related to humans than they are to rodents
  - than to mice
  - primates than the rodents with which they are often compared
* are more like parchment than animal flesh
  - primates than rodents
* are most abundant around the equator
  - active after it gets dark
* are natural enemies of moths, which are night fliers
  - insect consumers
  - nearly worldwide in distribution
  - no more apt to contract rabies than other warm-blooded animals
* are nocturnal and feed at night, just when the mosquitoes are at their worst
  - creatures which forage at night on nectar and pollen
* are nocturnal creatures, that means they only come out at night
  - which means they're active at night
  - or crepuscular, meaning they are active at night or during dawn and dusk hours
* are nocturnal so they eat at night
  - transect sampling occurs at night
  - which means they sleep in the day and hunt at night
  - with a good sense of smell
* are nocturnal, and usually sleep during the day, hanging upside down from cave ceilings
  - have a keen sense of smell and most have poor eyesight
  - navigating by emitting a high pitched sound inaudible to humans
  - resting during the day and hunting insects at night
  - often a misunderstood creature of the night
  - one of nature's wonders, and helpful to mankind
* are one of the best predators of insects
  - major predators of night flying insects
  - mantids most formidable natural enemies
  - more visible species inhabiting caves
  - most important natural enemies of night-flying insects in the world
* are one of the most misunderstood animals in the world
  - our only defence against night-time biting insects, which include hordes of mosquitoes
* are particularly abundant in the tropics
  - sensitive to habitat changes because they bear just one pup each year
  - peaceful animals who want to be left alone to eat insects
  - pollinators, seed dispensers and pest controllers
  - prevalent in Texas
  - primarily nocturnal creatures, sleeping during the day and hunting and feeding at night
* are probably the most common known trogloxene or cave guest
  - widely known cave inhabitant
* are quite plump when they enter hibernation
  - specific on what temperature they want to hibernate at
  - unique in their physical makeup
  - rabid and likely to attack people
  - relatively quiet creatures
  - remarkable animals, far more intelligent and sociable than people realize
  - responsible for pollinating trees, flowers, and cacti
  - roost in houses, both new and old but some species prefer hollow trees, or caves
  - separated from all other mammals by possessing the power of true flight
  - shamanic creatures in many cultures
* are shy and avoid people
  - of people
* are special animals, and found throughout Alabama
  - Colorado
  - New York
  - symbols of rebirth - the facing of fears and being reborn
* are the animal most likely to be rabid in Washington
  - coolest mammals
  - dominant pollinators on remote Pacific islands
* are the major predator of night flying insects
  - predators of night-flying insects
  - mascots of cave explorers
* are the most amazing flying mammals
  - common example of troglophyles
  - commonly rabid animal in Washington state
  - only flying mammal and have well-furred bodies with naked, transparent wings
* are the only flying mammals and comprise the second largest order of mammals in the world
  - mammals, plus they kill insects
  - group of mammals that have wings and are capable of true flight
  - kind of mammal that really flies
  - known mammals that can fly
* are the only major predator of night-flying inects
* are the only mammal that can actually fly
  - is truly capable flight
  - truly flies
  - mammalian species that have wings and can fly
  - mammals able to have powered flight
  - powered flight which requires both lightness and strength
  - sustained flight and most fly and hunt between dusk and dawn
  - sustaining level flight
  - that are able to fly
* are the only mammals that can fly, and they live much of their lives hanging upside down
  - fly, therefore wings are obviously a special feature
  - really fly
  - truly fly
  - engage in truly active flight
* are the only mammals to have achieved true flight
  - such a sensory organ
  - native mammals
  - other mammals that hibernate and are found among the islands
  - rabies reservoir in the Pacific Northwest
  - significant predator of night-flying insect pests
  - true flying mammals
  - truly flying mammal in North America
* are the primary night-flying predators of insects
  - pollinators through most of the tropics and many deserts
  - same as birds in the sense that they migrate to and from the same roost site
  - second-most speciose group of mammals, after rodents
  - slowest reproducing mammals for their size
  - thought to rely on the circulation in tlie skin of their wings for heat regulation
  - timid
  - tiny mammals that are often feared by many people
  - true hibernators
  - unable to guide themselves by their own voice when their ears are plugged
* are unique among mammals because they fly
  - for their ability to fly
  - and helpful mammals
  - in the animal kingdom because they are the only mammals to have evolved true flight
* are usually active at night, so flowers they pollinate are often white
  - the first trogloxenes that come to mind
  - valuable subjects for scientific and medical studies
  - versatile and so they can be found in environments just about anywhere
* are very beneficial mammals
  - choosy about where they live
  - clean and groom their wings and teeth daily
  - fastidious, and spend much of their resting times grooming and cleaning themselves
  - friendly to the outside environment, being avid insect eaters
  - helpful to man and our environment
* are very important animals
  - pollinators in tropical and desert climates
  - to our planet's ecosystem as plant pollinators and insect predators
  - loyal to particular roost sites and tend to return to the same sites each year
* are very misunderstood by people
* are very sensitive to air currents
  - shy creatures
  - sociable animals, and live in large colonies
  - unusual mammals
  - useful and very necessary creatures in the global ecology
  - vulnerable to disturbance while hibernating
  - vicious
  - vital to healthy ecosystems and human economies worldwide
* are voracious consumers of insects
  - insect-eaters
* are warm blooded mammals capable of contracting and spreading rabies
  - blooded, so prefer warm conditions, and they hibernate when it is cold
* are wild animals and are afraid of humans
  - worldwide in distribution but mainly tropical
* are, after rodents, the second most numerous mammals on earth
  - in fact, mammals, the only true mammal that can fly
  - incidently, the only mammal on earth that can fly
* arrive soon after the ice breaks up in the spring and the first insects are around.
* attack people and pets.
  - many enemies on the ground by hanging from high places
* belong to the mammalian class.
* benefit people by feeding on harmful insects and some pollinate flowers.
* bite prey.
* break their bones if they hit a tree.
* can also transmit rabies and rabies-like viruses
  - and do consume thousands of insects, such as mosquitoes, each and every night
* can be big as a fox
  - especially noisy and smelly on hot days
  - helpful in eating insects but can be harmful as they can carry such germs as rabies
  - catch rabies, but when they do, they soon die
  - cause health problems and are generally unnerving to homeowners
  - consume large quantities of insects in an hour
* can detect and catch insects in the air
  - objects as thin as a human hair
  - things as small as a human hair
  - die if the levels reach too high
  - each consume half their weight in insects each night
* can eat half their weight in insects each night
  - their own weight in insects in one night
  - tons of insects a night in a given area, some of which are pests that plague farmers
  - up to one-half of their body weight in insects each night
* can enter a structure or building through cracks as small as -inch in size
  - attics through holes less than an inch in diameter
  - through the narrowest of holes
  - escape through very small openings
  - find their food and way around by using echoloction
  - fly like a bird
  - fly, too, but their wings are leathery skin rather than feathers
  - get sick sometimes
  - have rabies the same as other animals
* can hear from thirty thousand to seventy thousand vibrations per second
  - insects' footsteps
  - help our crops by preying on crop-eating insects
* can live up to seven years
  - thirty years old
  - make a lot of racket with their nocturnal parties
  - mate during any time of the year but generally it takes place in the spring
  - morph into vampires for example
* can move through a space with a width of three-eighths of an inch
  - up and down inside the house to the most comfortable temperature
  - pack a punch in pest control
  - quickly become a nuisance though depending on where they decide to take up residence
* can see in the dark
  - like owls
  - squeeze through cracks as narrow as an inch wide
  - swim in water
  - tailor their echolocation calls to many different conditions
  - thus easily locate their prey, night-flying insects, as well
  - wake up from hibernation very quickly
* can walk a little bit
  - large seeds to a night roost where the seeds are dropped
* catch butterflies
* cause a high percentage of rabies cases.
* certainly have one thing in common.
* chase insects.
* choose all kinds of dark nooks and crannies for their homes called roosts.
* clean their fur using their tongue and claws just like a cat
  - wings and teeth with their tongue
  - themselves with their tongue
* click and clack and flit and flee every evening before their long night's journey.
* cluster in large colonies.
* come in all shapes, sizes, and colors with interesting ears and noses
  - an amazing variety of sizes and appearances
* come in different colors and sizes
* come out at night time some
  - when people go in
* commonly eat more than their own weight in insects in an evening of fine dining.
* communicate and navigate using high-frequency sounds.
* consume a vast number of pests including mosquitoes and root worms in the pupa stage
  - easily digestible, high-calorie items such as insects, fruit, or nectar
  - great quantities of insects
  - many hundreds of thousands of tons of insects each year
  - pesky insects like mosquitoes that abound in the streams and marshes of the Bay region
  - thousands of mosquitoes and flying insects every night
* continue to be important source of rabies in humans
  - the most widely distributed animal host for rabies
  - spill out well into the night
* contribute to the deaths of untold numbers of insects.
* control night-flying insects such as moths, stinkbugs and naval orangeworms.
* converge on the lake in summer evenings.
* cover themselves with their wings when at rest, thus providing their own shelter.
* dart in many directions but they are in control when they are flying.
* demand roosting chambers, darkness during the day and warmth.
* destroy many harmful insects and pollinate many flowers.
* digest their food more quickly than many other mammals.
* display wings.
* do carry rabies
  - drink water
  - get rabies, as do most mammals
  - live in caves as well
  - most of their feeding about two hours after dark
  - occassionally get rabies, but less frequently than foxes or skunks
  - use caves under both old-growth and clearcuts as hibernacula and for swarming
* doze upside down by day and come out to play at night.
* drink by skimming close to the surface of a body of water and gulping an occasional mouthful
* easily dehydrate, so keep the bags moist.
* eat a large variety of foods
  - agricultural pests as well as mosquitoes
* eat all different kinds of things
  - kind of insects
  - sorts of things like frogs, insects, and mice
  - bugs, fruit, blood, and nectar
  - chiefly insects and flower nectar
* eat fruit and even frogs
  - or vegetables
  - to gauge their health
  - fruit, figs, insects, nectar, blood, fish, frogs, and mice
* eat fruit, nectar and fish
  - nectar, meat, fish, blood and insects
  - fruits at night
  - half their weight in insects each day producing large amounts of nitrogen rich guano
  - hundreds of thousands of tons of destructive insects each year
  - insects that harm people
* eat insects, although the vampire bat drinks blood
  - and they play a role in the ecology or general dynamics of a natural system
  - blood, fruit, and small fish
* eat lots of bugs
  - insects and help to maintain a balanced insect population
  - mealworms if thrown up by the experimenter
  - moths and so do spiders
  - moths, mosquitoes and others
  - night insects
  - pollen at night, beetles eat pollen during the day
  - ripe fruit, nectar, meat, fish, blood and insects
* eat the equivalent their body weight in insects nightly
* eat thousands of insects a day, actually at night
  - mosquito- sized prey each night
* emit a range of different calls, and there can be overlap of calls between species
  - high-frequency sounds used to find and capture their prey
  - through spaces where joined materials have pulled away
  - zones
* especially love rich mild climates with lots of insects.
* exhibit behavior
* exists solely to keep body temperature at a consistently normal level.
* face opposite directions when hanging from ears.
* feed at night, catching insects such as moths, flying beetles, and mosquitoes.
  - crop pests in Sacramento Valley
  - the rainforest s plethora of insects, nectar, frogs, fish, birds, and lizards
  - tons of insects each day thus helping in pest control
  - over gardens, fields, water and in woodlands
  - primarily on insects, which have often been exposed to pesticides
* fill a very important niche in the natural world.
  - high places that are quiet and dark to hang from
  - houses by sight
  - shelter in caves, crevices, tree cavities, and buildings
* find their food by echo-location
  - hearing they find insects, fish, and meat
  - in complete darkness using a system called echolocation
  - way by using echolocation
* fly by moving they have their membrane between their body and their fifth finger to move
  - using their hands and wings
* fly in the air like birds but prefer to be shrouded in the dusk of evening
  - total darkness and have keen hearing
  - into open windows searching for a sheltered roosting spot
  - up in the sky
  - using something called echolocation
* fly with their hands
  - mouths open and emit a constant stream of cries
* fly, too, but they are still considered mammals.
* fold one of their wings to steer and brake.
* follow air currents and often get pulled into chimneys.
* form colonies
  - nursery colonies
* frequently carry rabies and their bite can go undetected because of their needle like teeth.
* gather here to rear their young in what is known as a nursery colony.
* generally fly far around the rainforests at night searching for food.
* generate ultrasound in their larynx and then emit it through the mouth or nostrils.
* get around by echolocation.
* give birth in the summer
  - usually to one young
* go to caves to hibernate
  - very far back in history, even back to the dinosaurs
* gradually depart colonies for several hours after sunset to forage.
* grasp prey.
* hang by their feet because it's easier than hanging by their thumbs
  - with their head down because it is energy efficient
  - their feet during the day
  - on trees
* hang upside down because their body is best adapted upside down
  - when they are resting
  - upside-down while they sleep
* harbour influenza - A new subtype of the virus is discovered in Central American bats.
* hate light.
* have a bad reputation
  - fascination all of their own
  - fine, high-pitched squeak that is inaudible to many human ears
  - furry body, and their wings are covered by smooth, flexible skin
  - long history of persecution
  - soft body
  - varied diet
  - variety of sight capabilities
  - very sharp sense of smell and some have excellent eyesight
  - all kinds of homes
  - an important ecological role in the environment
  - arms, wrists, and hands with a thumb and four fingers
  - big ears to collect the sounds they send out
  - claws to hang on
  - different colored eyes
  - eight fingers and two thumbs like human beings
  - elbows, noses and teeth like people
  - enormous ears
  - exceptionally high sense of hearing
  - extremely sensitive hearing
  - finger bones in their wings
  - fingers, thumbs and feet
  - good eyesight and rely on vision for long-distance orientation
  - hair like all mammals so they can stay warm
  - it too, and they detect the difference between north and south
  - large ears that are very sensitive to sounds in certain wavelengths
  - less to fear from predators when flying out in the open lands at night
* have long ears for echolocation
  - fingers that spread and support the wings
* have many more bones in their wings than the pattern shows
  - unusual characteristics
  - odd sex lives
  - one of the lowest reproductive rates for animals their size
  - perfectly good eyes for seeing in the daylight
  - prominent canines to grasp hard-bodied insects in flight
  - remarkably large lungs
  - saliva
  - sex while flying
  - small eyes that are functional and sensitive to light
  - small, but perfectly good eyes
  - soft fur
  - sound-dampening structures in their ears which make their own calls tolerable
* have the best hearing of all land mammals
  - longest period of sperm storage of any mammal
  - tiny, razor sharp teeth and can sometimes bite people without their knowledge
  - two strategies for weathering the cold
  - up to one baby
* have very good hearing
  - high metabolic demands because they are very active and small
  - light bones compared to other mammals
  - poor eyesight but extremely large ears
  - small bites that can go undetected
  - weak legs
  - wings of skin stretched between greatly lengthened finger and arm bones
* help control the bugs
  - flowers by spreading pollen
  - keep the ecosystem healthy
* help people by eating hundreds of insects all night long
  - insects, eating root worms and spreading seeds
  - tear holes in the curtain of night, revealing the moon and millions of stars
  - to spread seeds and eat insects
  - with the pollination of many types of fruit in the world
  - in caves and gold mines in groups
* hibernate in the winter due to lack of food
  - mostly in caves but are also found in mines, tunnels, old buildings, and attics
  - where they are less likely to be disturbed by light, noise and predators
* hibernating in one roost seem to give birth all on the same day.
* hide in caves and mines.
  - suppers
* identify and track insects in flight by echolocation.
* includes brains
  - breasts
  - cell membranes
  - chest cavities
  - chests
  - corpi
  - cytoplasm
  - flight feathers
  - nuclei
  - pedal extremities
  - piluses
  - plasma membranes
  - quill feathers
  - rib cages
  - sections
  - sterna
  - vacuoles
  - vertebrate feet
* is appropriate for any organ that can be visualized by ultrasound
  - more abundant and more active
* is the plural of bat
  - regular salary scale for public employees in Germany
  - second largest private cigarette manufacturer in the world
  - second-largest private cigarette manufacturer in the world
* keep their big ears very clean
  - themselves fastidiously clean with licking and grooming
* leave dry, black droppings the size of rice grains, filled with shiny insect wings
  - the nursery roosts in the fall, although their winter habitat is unknown
  - their shelters to hunt at night
* lift wings.
* like to eat fruit and insects and some can catch fish
  - fruit, fish, and mosquitoes
  - fly around street lights, and as everybody knows, they live in caves
  - get tangled up in people's hair
* like to hang out in hollow trees and caves
* like to live in cool places
  - dark places
  - large native trees such as the beech, kauri and the totara
* literally fly with their hands.
* live all over the world except Antarctica
  - world, except for some islands, and the Arctic and Antarctica
  - almost everywhere
  - far longer than mice, despite their similar metabolic rates
* live in Antarctica
  - all parts of the world except Antarctica and the Arctic
  - barns and caves
  - barns, attics, and caves
  - big colonies and share food
  - both very hot and very cold places
* live in caves and trees
  - in trees and bat houses
  - or trees
  - caves, trees, old buildings, under bridges, mines, and bat houses
  - colonies and camps
* live in dark and cold places
  - damp caves
  - dead or aging trees, near swamps or other water sources
  - small groups
* live in some neighborhoods, tropics and rainforests
  - of the caves
  - states like Florida and Texas
* live in the caves
  - very, very hot island or really cold island
  - trees, caves and buildings
* live in trees, caves, and mines
  - mines, and churches
* live on all continents except Antarctica
  - almost every part of the earth, except the places where it is too hot or cold
  - every continent except Antarctica
  - under the bridge, and then fly away in droves at the twilight of each day
* living in the caves are very sensitive to humans invading their space.
* lose weight in the winter because their fat reserves are being depleted.
* love beetles
  - to eat bugs
* make a chatter and sometimes a clicking sound
  - their homes under tree bark, in caves and barns, and occasionally in the attics of houses
* make up approximately half of all the mammal species in Sulawesi
  - nearly one quarter of the mammal species throughout the world
  - the world's second- largest group of mammals, second only to rodents
* migrate from the caves during the summer months.
* mostly live in caves or trees.
* move deeper into cover if temperatures rise
  - their wings by using the large muscles in their backs and chests
* must have food.
* never suck human blood.
* normally enter a building through a small crack or the corner of a gable
  - live in hollow trees, under loose bark and in cracks of rocky ledges
* nurse their pups just like other mammals do
  - young and stay wrapped up in their mother's arms for warmth
* occupy a very important niche as nocturnal predators.
* often awaken and fly from the cave exit well before nightfall.
* often carry parasites such as ticks, fleas and mites
  - the virus, and the virus is probably still present in bats
  - fly about swimming pools, from which they drink or catch insects
* often roost in dark, undisturbed areas, such as attics and wall spaces
  - large groups
  - under eves at night and leave early in the morning before sunrise
  - sleep upside down, hanging on by their feet
  - take cover inside the slats of exterior shutters
* open their mouths in flight and emit a series of ultrasonic sound pulses.
* owe their origin to flying insects.
* participate in public entomological services.
* perform a valuable service for man by eating large numbers of insects
  - people by eating large numbers of insects
* pick up sound.
* play a critical role in controlling agricultural pest insects and in pollinating crops
  - valuable role in the ecosystem
* play a vital role in natural ecosystems and are particularly important in the tropics
  - the health of our natural world, and are fascinating creatures
  - an important role in our ecosystem by eating millions of insects in a night
  - key roles in keeping a wide variety of insect populations in balance
* pollinate avocados, bananas, breadfruit, dates, figs, mangoes, and peaches
  - the durian and petai trees, as well as other fruit trees
* possess a phenomenally sensitive built-in radar system
  - genes
  - reflexes
* prefer caves
  - nests
* prefer to hang upside down from their legs, while resting
  - live within a mile of a stream, river or lake
  - stay away from humans
* primarily are nocturnal, although many fly early in the evening, sometime before sunset.
* probably have the most complex thermoregulatory problems to solve of any mammal.
* produce a manure called guano
  - large amounts of guano, or waste, and the fungus is commonly found in bat guano
  - significant economic benefits and ecological services for humans
  - travel lanes for wasps to reach their nests
* rank high among the animals that are victims of human myths and misunderstandings.
* really stand out in the animal world.
* rely on something called Echolocation to find and catch food at night
  - sounds to navigate, communicate and capture insects
* remain the only reservoir of rabies in Washington.
* repopulate certain forests by spreading seeds and pollinating plants.
* represent the only high risk exposure to rabies for people or animals in Mississippi.
* reproduce like other mammals in all basic aspects
  - very slowly, most females have only one pup per year
  - two different roost types, day and night
* reseed rain forests and pollinate plants and flowers.
* resemble bats
* rest on trees.
* roost during the day in caves, hollow trees, under rocks or in old barns.
* roost in caves, hollow trees, foliage and human habitations
  - large standing cavities
  - spaces under bark in standing dead trees and downed logs
  - the most varied kinds of buildings and in every part from cellar to attic
  - trees, and in many unnatural places as well
  - warm, dry hollows in trees and in crevices in buildings
  - inside during the day and perch on the eaves at dusk to feed on flying insects
  - under the loose bark
  - upside-down in large groups, sleeping all day and hibernating all winter
* see better at night
  - using echolocation at night
  - with echolocation
  - the most comfortable temperature by moving up or down inside the house
* seem to do very well living in various environments.
* send a high frequency sound that bounces off objects
  - out a series of beeps which bounce off of objects in their path
* serve as nature's pest control.
* share caves
* simply prefer larger structures which offer more stable temperatures.
* sleep all day and some of the night, and some hibernate for eight or nine months of the year.
* sleep during the day and feed at night
  - go out at night in search of food
* sleep in the day and feed during the night, locating their prey by echolocation
  - because the sun gets in their eyes
  - daytime
  - up side down
* sleep upside down, holding on with their feet rather than their hands
  - upside-down and they usually sleep in big groups, which are called colonies
* smell through their nostrils, just as humans do.
* sometimes emerge up to three hours before sundown, forming dense columns over the hills
  - take up residency in, or accidentally enter, houses and other man-made structures
  - use bluebird houses as temporary roosts as well
* special tissue that burns fat rather than storing it.
* specialize in different foods.
* spend more time in torpor as food becomes scarce
* spend the daytime hours sleeping and cleaning themselves and hunt for food at night
  - sleeping in caves, trees or old buildings
* still retain teeth.
  - our blood
* suckle their young, just like other mammals.
* swarm as they return to their roost.
* symbolize happiness, while fish represents abundance
* take insects.
* tend to be opportunistic and they can see well
  - feeders
  - have light sensitive eyes
  - live together socially in roosts
* travel in large swarms at dusk cleaning the fields and skies of pests.
* typically eat half their own weight of insects each day.
* use a form of sonar, known as echolocation, to locate moths to eat
  - sophisticated system of echolocation to locate their insect prey
  - special adaptation for catching their prey
  - unique method of locating their prey called echolocation
* use a variety of landscapes or habitats throughout the year as they feed, roost and travel
  - places to roost during the day
  - caves for shelter
  - certain chemical cues to locate food sources
  - echo location, similar to sonar, for locating food and navigating through the darkness
  - echo-location to find their prey in the dark, which is similar to sonar
  - echoes to navigate and hunt in total darkness
* use echolocation because it short wavelength
  - by emitting pulses of very loud, high frequency sound
* use echolocation to build auditory maps of their environment and to track prey
  - catch prey and to find their way about
* use echolocation to find food
  - objects in the dark
  - prey and to navigate
* use echolocation to find their food
  - locate and identify their prey
  - which is like sonar
  - high-frequency sound to orientate themselves in order to find food
* use it in the air and dolphins use it in the water
  - to find insects and to learn of their surroundings
  - kidneys
  - loose bark and hollow tree trunks for roosting
* use other hunting tools as well as echolocation
  - senses like hearing, which is central to echolocation
  - radar, of course
  - sound to see
  - the echoes from their high-pitched squeaks to navigate and find prey
* use their claws to hang upside-down
  - mouths to scoop small insects out of the air
  - tails to catch their food
  - thumbs and feet to hold food and hold their babies
* use ultrasonic echolocation methods to detect the presence of bats in the air
  - to catch prey and negotiate obstacles while flying in the dark
  - waves with wavelengths smaller than the dimensions of their prey
  - ultrasonics waves for their flight
  - vocalizations to communicate with each other while they are in their roosts
* usually lose from to their body weight during hibernation
  - occupy abandoned mines
  - stay around till fall
* usually use buildings during the summer, but move out in the winter to a hibernation site
  - hollow trees or attics for roosting
* utilize caves for resting and hibernating purposes but forage in the open for their food.
* vary considerably in size and appearance
  - greatly in their habits, depending on their species
  - in colour and in fur texture
* vary in their characteristics of what they look like
  - physical make-up
* wake up from time to time to urinate, drink and mate.
* weigh only a few ounces and they have very sharp claws and teeth.
+ Bat, Adaptations, Bat wings
  * Bats fly with their hands. In fact, the name of the order of bats, 'Chiropetera', means 'hand-wings' in Greek
  * Bats mostly live in caves or trees. In North America and in Europe they sometimes live in people's houses without them knowing. People can be scared by this and sometimes hurt the bats, who mean no harm, unless they are vampire bats. They eat blood
  - Resting position
  * Most bats rest, sleep and hibernate in an upside-down position. They hang on to branches or rocks with their feet. To do this they have a locking mechanism on the tendons in their feet which stops them from slipping. Simmons N.B. and Quinn T.H. 1994. Journal of Mammalian Evolution'. The advantage of this is that the energy they spend hanging on is greatly reduced
  - Bats and people, Bats in folklore and fiction
  * In the West, bats are associated with vampires, who are said to be able to change into bats. Bats are also a symbol of ghosts, death and disease. However bats are said to be lucky in some European countries, such as Poland
+ Bumblebee bat, Behaviour
  * While many caves contain only 10 to 15 individuals, the average group size is 100, with a maximum of about 500. Individuals roost high on walls or roof domes, far apart from each other. Bats also undertake seasonal migration between caves.
  * They are the only mammals that can fly. Other mammals like flying squirrels, or flying possum, can glide but not fly. Bats use echolocation to catch prey and to find their way about. As nighttime animals, bats avoid direct competition with birds, few of which are nocturnal.
  * Bats are a successful group.
  * Bats live almost everywhere. They mainly live in caves, ,trees, buildings, old animal burrows, the tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Australia.
+ Cave
  * A 'cave' is a natural underground hollow space that is completely dark. Only a few animals are found deep in caves. Bats often live in caves. Another common creature found in caves are cave crickets.
+ Defence against predators, Primary defences, Methods, For prey with defences: Co-evolution :: Ecology
  * Warning sounds allow the animal to stay hidden. Moths of the Arctiidae and Ctenuchidae families are foul-tasting, but might be eaten by bats at night. These moths emit clicks when they hear bats in flight. That the clicks work is shown by a neat experiment. Bats eat mealworms if thrown up by the experimenter. They ignore the mealworms thrown by hand if moth clicks are played at the same time. Wickler, Wolfgang 1998.
+ Neuroethology: Ethology :: Neurology
  * The scope of Neuroethology. For example, many bats have a special ability called echolocation. Bats use echolocation to find prey and to navigate. Researchers study the auditory system of bats to show how sounds can be changed into a neural representation of sound. For example, louder sounds might cause more neurons to respond. Neuroethologists are scientists who study neuroethology. They try to discover how the nervous system works. They often use animals with special behaviors in their research.