### substance | waste:

Rubbish
* Some rubbish can take a long time to break down and can kill wildlife.
* attracts animals
  - bears
  - vermin and bacteria

### substance | waste:

Sewage
* Is waste water released by homes, industries, hospitals, offices and other users.
* Most sewage contain organic materials and waste which are oxygen demanding.
* Most sewage contains matter
  - nitrate
  - organic matter
* Most sewage includes liquid waste
* Some sewage comes from rain.
* Some sewage contains materials
  - stimulates secondary production
* affects rivers and lakes, and polluted water affects the health and enjoyment of people.
* also brings in bacteria and pathogens, making the water unsafe to drink or swim
  - carries microbial pathogens that are the cause of the spread of disease
  - contains pathogens capable of spreading disease
* biosolids cumulative effects on extractable-soil and grain elemental concentrations.
* breaks down into ammonium.
* can act as a fertilizer leading to eutrophication and prolific algal growth and red tides
  - have a similar enriching effect
  - increase the turbidity and amount of suspended sediments
  - release water that is either warmer or cooler than the receiving water body
* carries bacteria that makes people sick
  - excessive nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to stream water
* contains a mixture of substances
  - germs that can cause diseases
  - harmful bacteria
  - lots of organic substances which are a source of food for bacteria and fungi
* contains many substances that are harmful to people and animals and the environment
  - viruses, bacteria, and other parasites that cause disease
  - nitrates and phosphates - fertilizer for plants like algae
* contaminates water.
* delicacy for bacteria.
  - wastes of domestic origin, from toilets, showers, kitchen sinks and laundry
* is both smelly and unsanitary
  - carried by pipes and culverts
* is collected by pipe, deposited and treated in a sewage lagoon
  - in buckets and emptied each day into lagoons, barrels or cesspools
  - discharged into the sea by many communities around the world
  - important route of dissemination of eggs
  - left untreated throughout the world, even in industrialized countries
  - located in oceans
  - mostly water but it also has many microbes some of which can be harmful
  - suspensions
* is the main source of ammonia added by humans to rivers
  - human-influenced nitrate addition to streams
* is the waste water and excrement conveyed in sewers
  - from residential and commercial buildings
  - treated, and fresh water is gained by desalination of sea water
* major health hazard to humans because it spreads disease.
* overflows into the streams and backs up into basements.
* serious threat to water sources.
* travels through three different sets of pipes.
+ Sewage treatment: Waste management
  * Fats and solids are removed in the most important stage. Sewage stays in a 'first' tank until solids fall to the bottom. Fat also floats to the top. Fat and solids stay when the water leaves.
  * Sewage is mostly water but it also has many microbes some of which can be harmful. It can have many chemicals in it which can also cause harm to animals and humans.

### substance | waste | sewage:

Domestic sewage
* Most domestic sewage is dumped untreated into surface water, posing obvious health dangers.
* carries all kinds of wastewater from homes and city buildings.
* contains a wide variety of dissolved and suspended impurities.
* is also very likely to contain disease-causing microbes
  - discharged directly into rivers and in some cases the sea
  - the source of both septage and biosolids
* refers to waste water that is discarded from households.