Nitrate
* Most nitrates are in the lower stalk.
* Some nitrate causes gastroenteritis
  - health problems
  - has negative charge
* accumulate at night, on cloudy days and when temperatures are cool
  - primarily in the stems of plants
  - with time in an injured or damaged crop
* act, in part, by dilating the veins of the body.
* also are a by-product of municipal waste treatment
  - can affect adults, but the evidence is less certain
  - have an effect on the hemoglobin which carries oxygen in the blood cells
  - occur naturally in rainfall
* are a compound of nitrogen, and most are produced by bacteria
  - concern immediately following a period of drought or wet, dull weather
  - concern, because in high quantities they cause human health problems
  - critical nonpoint source pollution problem, especially in groundwaters
  - health concern for infants under six months of age and pregnant women
  - waste byproduct of the pickling liquor used to scour finished steel
  - almost harmless and easily controlled by regular water changes
* are also hygroscopic, meaning that they tend to absorb moisture from the air
  - very soluble in water
  - anions which are very soluble in water and can leach readily through the soil profile
* are available in different forms
  - several forms, as well as traditional tablets and capsules
  - by-products of fertilizers known to be related to development of cancer
  - chemicals that are found naturally in small amounts in the soil
  - colorless, odorless and tasteless
  - compounds of nitrogen and oxygen that are absorbed by plants from the soil
  - effective in relieving coronary artery spasm and angina
  - essentially salts or compounds of nitric acid
* are extremely persistent, as natural degradation processes are very slow
  - toxic and can also cause death, especially in cattle, sheep and goats
  - far less toxic to the fish population than the original ammonia waste product
  - from decaying plant matter and animal waste
  - harmful to human health and a widespread environmental problem
  - highly soluble salts
  - made either by bacteria in the soil or in some select cases, by the plants themselves
  - major plant nutrients in the soil but serious pollutants in drinking water supplies
  - more prone to leaching from light-textured soils
  - nutrients for red algae which can limit growth if too low
* are of no concern for adults or children over six months of age
  - special concern to young children and women of child-bearing age
  - often a man-made problem
  - one of the most widespread contaminants threatening Michigan groundwater
  - potential cancer-causing carcinogenics
  - present in some fertilizers and in the manure of animals
  - preservatives found in virtually all cooked and cured meats
  - readily available for plants, but are also susceptible to leaching
  - similar to carbonates
  - soluble, so maybe present in water supply
* are the drugs of first choice
  - form of nitrogen used by the plant
* are the most available form of nitrogen to plants
  - common unburnt part of gunpowder residue
  - primary threat to the city's water supply
* are the salts of nitric acid, and are strong oxidising agents
  - used to treat angina or chest pain, the most common nitrate is nitro-glycerin
  - usually higher in underground water
* are water soluble and can be easily leached out in irrigation water
* building up in a tank seem to naturally slow the growth of most fish.
* can accumulate in some forage plants under unfavorable growing conditions.
* can also accumulate in johnsongrass
  - come from animal manure and nitrogen fertilizers
  - reduce myocardial oxygen demand
  - wash off over-fertilized lawns or pastures where animals waste has accumulated
  - be especially toxic to children under six months of age
  - build up in the soil and leach into groundwater
* can cause a disease in infants known as blue-baby syndrome
  - an illness called methemoglobinemia in infants
  - blue baby disease and are linked epidemiologically to some cancers
  - headaches and low blood pressure
* can contaminate groundwater supplies causing methemoglobinemia
  - the groundwater, and lawn irrigation can lower the water table
  - enter the body through food and water
  - interfere with oxygen transport in the blood
* can leach from the soil into underground aquifers, contaminating well water
  - more easily in light sandy soils than in clay-based soils
  - move rapidly through soil and can caused persistent problems
  - pollute groundwater and create health hazards for humans and animals
  - react with haemoglobin to reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
  - remove additional calcium and magnesium from the soils
* cause arteries to expand and allow for greater blood flow.
* change to nitrites in the body, which reduces oxygen uptake by the hemoglobin.
* come from acid rain in the atmosphere.
* decrease pulmonary vascular pressures by venodilation.
* derive from fertilizers, manure, septic systems and other human activity.
* dilate both arteries and veins.
* dilate the arteries that supply the heart with blood
  - blood vessels and make blood pressure fall
  - coronary arteries, so more blood can flow, which eases strain on the heart
* dissolves in soil water
* encourage growth of microscopic plants that use up dissolved oxygen when they decompose.
* enhances performance
  - physical performance
* expand arteries by permitting muscles to relax.
* feed algal blooms that grow to nuisance levels.
* form nitrous oxide which improves the blood flow.
* get into ground water from septic systems and cesspools.
* have a controversial history, and have been thought to cause a variety of health problems
  - cosmetic function in that they preserve the pinkish color of meats
* however occur naturally when plants break down nitrogen.
* interact with pyrene, which stops it fluorescing.
* interfere with an animal's ability to carry oxygen in the blood.
* is chemical compounds
  - crystal
  - ionic compounds
* keep a baby s blood from carrying enough oxygen.
* lose their effectiveness very quickly.
* lower the amount of oxygen in a baby's body and can make the baby suffocate.
* lowers blood pressure
* move along with the water in a soil
  - either on the surface or in groundwater
* moves readily through most soils dissolved in water.
* normally accumulate in stems and conductive tissues.
* occur in many foods and in drinking water but vegetables are by far the main source
  - naturally in some waters
* often come from the natural breakdown of human and animal wastes.
* present in beetroot widen the blood vessels which help in exercising in a better way.
* primarily enter the water from agriculture and residential fertilizer and from wastewater.
* reduce the ability of the blood to carry oxygen
  - to nitrites, which in turn easily combine to form substances dangerous to man
* relax smooth muscles and so dilate arteries.
* released by legume residue can stimulate germination of selected weed species.
* stimulates growth.
* tend to accumulate in the lower of the plant
  - part of the plant
  - portion of the stalk on drought-stressed corn
  - diminish after the boot stage
* work by dilating the veins in the body, which decreases the workload of the heart.