### stress:

Psychosocial stress
* influences the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
* pervades modern life and is known to impact health.

Residual stress
* are stresses present in a component without the presence of service loading.
* can exist in materials even when no external loads are applied to the material.
* establishes the initial stress state of an element.
* exist in all types of parts from engines to tooling.

### stress:

Shear stress
* arises when there mean velocity gradient in the direction transverse to the flow.
* function of the viscosity of the fluid.
* is across the adhesive bond
  - either clockwise or counterclockwise on the X-face of the stress element
  - experienced at transform boundaries where two plates are sliding past each other
  - measured in psi
  - produced when a foam cushion deforms to conform to body shape
  - rotational
  - the outcome of sliding one part over the other in opposite directions
* pair of force applied in opposite direction but in a sliding fashion.
* produces three-dimensional remodeling in the endothelial cell cytoskeleton.
* refers to the force per unit area that water exerts on the sediment bed.
* regulates occludin content and phosphorylation.
* term used to describe the stress when things slip over one another.

Social stress
* gives rise to social problems such as alcoholism, crime, and violence.
* induces glucocorticoid resistance in macrophages
  - subordinate animals
* is typically a response to negative social interactions with conspecifics.

### stress:

Stress incontinence
* affects three times as many Caucasian women as African-American women.
* causes urine leakage when coughing, laughing, sneezing, or exercising.
* happens to people with weakened pelvic muscles.
* is caused by weak pelvic floor muscles
  - common in women
  - due to loss of support to the bladder neck or a weakened urethral sphincter
  - enuresis
  - more common in women than in men
  - the leakage of urine during physically stressful activities
* is the most common form affecting women
  - kind of urinary incontinence in women
* is the most common type of incontinence after prostate surgery
* medical problem that can be treated and even cured for most women.
* occurs due to the weakening of pelvic floor muscles that support the bladder
  - when laughing, lifting heavy objects, sneezing or coughing

Sustained stress
* can damage the hippocampus.
* keeps cortisol levels high, suppressing our immune response.

### stress:

Tensile stress
* develops as an object in tension resists being enlongated.
* is exerted equally over the entire joint straight and away from the adhesive bond
  - measured in psi
  - the opposite of compressive stress
+ Stress (mechanics), Simple stresses, Uniaxial normal stress: Materials science :: Elasticity (physics) :: Mechanics :: Engineering
  * Therefore in a uniaxial material the length increases in the tensile stress direction and the other two directions will decrease in size. In the uniaxial manner of tension, tensile stress is induced by pulling forces. Tensile stress is the opposite of compressive stress.

Thermal stress
* Determine thermal stress.
* is one of the most common environmental challenges confronting plants
  - physical reason that leads to the failure of a metallic wire