### plant | tracheophyte | spermatophyte:

Angiosperm
* All angiosperms reproduce by means of covered seeds.
* Identify the following pictures as an example of a monocot or dicot.
* Many Angiosperms are annuals, living for only a single season
  - angiosperms have more than two sets of chromosomes
* Most angiosperms become life
  - plant life
* Most angiosperms have cotyledons
  - polar nuclei
  - pollen
  - structures
  - vessels in their xylem
  - lack a vascular cambium, i.e., they are non-woody herbs or herbaceous
* Most angiosperms produce fruit
* Some angiosperms are classified as monocots
  - bear fruit
* Some angiosperms have entire plants
  - stamens
  - produce only one type of gametophyte, either male or female, per plant
  - protect embryos
  - rely on insects
* a. have naked seeds.
* also have vascular tissue
  - provide important nonstable foods such as coffee, chocolate, and spices
* appear rather suddenly in the fossil record and rapidly diversified.
* arc the most modern and the most highly specialized plants.
* are a clade within the seed plants
  - huge clade including all flowering plants
  - all the boring plants that people put in gardens, like cabbages and dahlias
  - arguably the largest extant group of plants on the planet today
  - clearly the most successful group of land plants
  - crucial for human existence
  - divided into two groups- monocots and dicots
  - found only on or near the shores
  - generally better competitors than gymnosperms
  - in class of seed plants that produce flowers that become fruits
* are plants that produce flowers
  - whose seeds are enclosed in a protective structure called the fruit
  - quite common
  - similar to gymnosperms in that A
  - species
  - the biggest group in the plant kingdom
* are the dominant planetary vegetation
  - plant in most of Earth's terrestrial ecosystems
* are the largest and most common group of seed-bearing plants
  - plant phylum
* are the most recently evolved kind of plant, and dominate terrestrial Earth
  - successful terrestrial plants
  - source of our major food crops, including rice, wheat, maize, and barley
  - trees have broad leaves that usually change color and die every autumn
  - types of plants that bear fruits and flowers
* are vascular plants that produce both flowers and fruit
  - vascular, flowering, seed plants that produce seeds
  - very diverse
  - well known as being dependent on pollinators for fertilization and fruit production
* can be monocots or dicots
  - woody or herbaceous
* comprise two separate groups, monocots and dicots.
* develop reproductive organs called flowers.
* divide into monocot and dicot families.
* do as a rule contain five strands of vascular bundles.
* dominate all fossil assemblages both in terms of diversity and abundance
  - the world's biota
* form their seeds enclosed in a fruit.
* grow and reproduce a faster rate than the gymnosperms
  - by a process called alternation of generations
  - in almost every kind of habitat
* have a specialized organ of reproduction, the flower
  - an enormous range of variability in fruit formation
* have male and female parts that work together to create a new plant
  - sex organs called stamens
  - seeds that are covered
  - the organs of both male and female reproductive systems
  - to undergo a process called pollination before they can reproduce
* includes blossoms
  - carpels
  - ovaries
  - perianths
* inhabit all seven continents, as well as the oceans.
* live in all terrestrial and aquatic habitats on earth.
* make up the largest class in the plant kingdom.
* often have vegetative, asexual reproduction methods.
* possess true leaves, stems, and roots.
* produce a wide array of leaves
  - hardwood
* provide an enormous environmental and economical importance
  - the vast majority of food crops for humans
  - virtually all plant-based food , as well as most livestock feed
* rely on the wind, animals and insects for pollination.
* represent the most advanced group of vascular plants.
* reproduce by double fertilization.
* run the world.
* take many adaptive tacks to maximize pollen flow between plants and minimize 'selfing'.
* tend to have less lignin and more hemicellulose than gymnosperms.
* thrive all over the world.
* typically bear flat, broad leaves and rely mainly on animals for the seed dispersion
  - have both tracheids and vessels