### condition | disorder | cardiovascular disease | heart disease | cardiomyopathy:

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
* can ensue from heavy consumption of alcohol over a long period of time.
* common diagnosis in long-term alcoholics.
* consequence of excessive alcohol use.

Dilated cardiomyopathy
* can either be idiopathic or have a known etiology.
* frequent and serious complication of idiopathic hemochromatosis.
* is the most common form of non- ischemic cardiomyopathy
  - type
  - well known in domestic carnivores and in man
* loss of muscle tone decreasing the strength of the heart muscles.
* major cause of heart transplantation.
* occurs most often in middle-aged people and more often in men than women.
* serious condition.

### condition | disorder | cardiovascular disease | heart disease | cardiomyopathy:

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
* Hypertrophic cardiomyopathies are a group of familial disorders.
* disease of the heart muscle with an unknown, cause.
* form of heart disease that causes the heart muscle to enlarge.
* is also an autosomal dominant disorder with a high degree of penetrance.
* is an asymmetric increase in ventricular muscle mass
  - autosomal dominant disease
  - characterized by an abnormally thick heart muscle
  - inflammation of the heart muscle
  - often genetic in origin, and tends to run in families
  - usually a genetic condition that tends to run in families
* potentially life-threatening enlargement of the heart.

Idiopathic cardiomyopathy
* condition for which no cause is known.
* means the cause of the stretched muscle is unknown.

Nonischemic cardiomyopathy
* Nonischemic cardiomyopathies are less common, progressive diseases.
* includes several types.

Restrictive cardiomyopathy
* Restrictive cardiomyopathies are the least common of the cardiomyopathies in the western world.
* can be very difficult to treat.
* has no specific treatment.
* is another type of heart muscle disease
  - extremely rare
  - rare in the United States

### condition | disorder | cardiovascular disease:

Hypotension
* also is extremely rare.
* can also occur after oral administration
  - whenever infarction provokes parasympathetic overactivity
  - cause a fast pulse, dizziness, and sometimes nausea, vomiting, or fainting
* can occur after rapid intravenous injection causing cardiovascular collapse
  - at low infusion rates
  - result from gastrointestinal bleeding, dehydration, vagal stimulation, etc
* following acute hypovolaemia depends on the caudal midline medulla.
* frequent side-effect of MAOIs.
* generally responds to volume expansion with normal saline.
* increases the risk of falls and subsequent injury.
* is blood pressure lower than normality
  - due to vasodilation and a functional decrease in the effective circulating volume
  - illnesses
  - low blood pressure
  - usually secondary to venodilation and negative cardiac inotropic effects
* occurs, varying from transient to severe.
* rare side effect.
* relative term in the brain-injured patient.
* relatively late sign of shock from blood loss and needs aggressive treatment.
* seems to be related to speed of infusion.
* usually late finding because of the activation of compensatory mechanisms
  - sign in children
  - responds promptly to supine position and intravenous fluids

### condition | disorder | cardiovascular disease | hypotension:

Induced hypotension
* is used during the approach and surgical dissection of the aneurysm.
* relative contraindication in hypertensive patients.

Orthostatic hypotension
* can cause fainting and falls
  - occur with methyldopa administration
* common finding in patients with malaria infections
* is detected by measurement of blood pressure in two or more body positions
  - widespread and can be dangerous to the elderly patient

Postural hypotension
* can occur if treatment is initiated too quickly.
* is hypotension
* temporary form of low blood pressure that causes light-headedness.