### abstract concept:

Braille
* also gives blind people more options in life.
* are strongly language-dependent.
* bears no visual resemblance to the written alphabet.
* certain pattern of bumps that make a letter.
* code of raised dots that allows the blind to read by touch
  - small, raised dots that can be read by touch
  - which enables blind persons to read and write
* is an abstraction
  - alphabet that uses raised dots to represent letters
  - example of blind embossing
  - important skill for anyone who is blind or vision impaired
  - output alternative for people who are blind
  - based on different combinations of six dots
  - created by small pins that push the dots up from the back of the special heavy paper
* is in English
  - an eccentric orbit that passes inside the orbit of Mars
  - intended for use by the visually impaired
  - intrinsically a straight line notation
  - just as important to a blind child as print is to a sighted child
  - literacy for the tactual learner
  - made up of a series of little bumps that stick up from a surface
  - now almost universal for writing for the blind
* is read by lightly moving the fingers from left to right across the line of Braille
  - moving the hand or hands from left to right along each line
  - from left to right using the index fingers on one or both hands
  - the format which blind persons use to read most of their materials
* is the key to literacy and intellectual growth
  - most direct contact blind persons have with the written thoughts of others
* is the most widely accepted system of reading and writing for blind people
  - used communication method for blind people
  - solution to the digital divide
  - system for accessing literal information by touching raised dots
  - written language of the blind
  - to blind people what print is to sighted people
* is used by many blind individuals
  - the majority of persons who are visually impaired
  - only for alphabetic characters, numbers, and punctuation marks
  - with different languages today
  - written with a combination of six raised dots on stiff white paper
* is, after all, a tactual, hands-on means of reading and writing.
* only has one set of letters.
* reading and writing system used by visually impaired people.
* representation of text that depends on the language being represented.
* special alphabet for people who are blind.
* system for reading and writing.
* system of raised dots that a blind person can read with their fingertips
  - which blind people can read with their fingers
* system of reading and writing by touch used by the blind
  - touch reading and writing for blind people
* tactile reading system used to present text to a reader who has a visual impairment.
* unique form of written communication.
* universal form of communication for any language and any culture
  - many language and any culture
* useful alphabet for blind people when they use computers.
* uses a series of raised dots to represent letters or groups of letters
  - cells of six raised dots, in two columns of three dots
  - impressions on paper to create an alphabet, numbering system and punctuation
* vital reading and writing tool for blind people.
+ Braille, The Braille alphabet, The Braille cell
  * Braille uses cells of six raised dots, in two columns of three dots. The dot positions on the left are numbered one, to three, the ones on the right four to six, as shown in the picture
  - alphabet: Braille :: Tactile alphabets :: Assistive technology :: Encodings :: Blindness :: Latin alphabet representations :: Writing systems :: Encodings
  * Braille is used with different languages today. In each language, the letters are 'encoded' differently, depending on the alphabet. The list of codes is known as braille code, or code page. There are also different braille codes in use for special purposes, like writing shorthand, mathematics or music