So before I begin, this video is a follow up to one I did a few months ago about the Russian Federal subjects. I highly recommend you check it out. Anyway, as I said at the end of that video, I'll be doing a few more videos about the Russian government in general, and today's production delves deeper into the ethnic enclave within the Russian Federation, with the Republics and autonomous Oak Roaks. Russia, as I sure hope you have figured out, is a vast country. With large countries comes large diversity, and Russia, unlike Japan, is no exception. Because of this, the Russian government has given some of its major regional minority groups a form of their own federal subjects. With that said, let's jump right into the Republics and autonomous Oak Roaks of Russia. I will start with the more numerous and well-known type of region, republics. To be precise, there are 22 of them, spread out across the entirety of Russia. They can be broken into different categories, based on ethnicity and language groups. Republics of Uralik, Turkic, Caucasian, Eranic, and Mongolia can be found. The Uralik Republics are Karelia, Mordovia, Mariel, Udmortia, and Nekomi Republic. Turkic Republics are a bit more spread out across the country, and include Crimea, Karatzhae-Syrkhesia, Juvashia, Tatarstan, Bashkortistan, Tuva, Hakasia, Yakutia, also called Sakhra, and the Altair Republic. The Caucasian Republics are all in the south-west of Russia, and include Karbidinovalkaria, Ingushedia, and Chechnya. Doggistan is an interesting case, as it encompasses a diverse population of both different kinds of Caucasian and Turkic ethnic groups. The Tumongolica Republics are Buriyatia, and weirdly enough Kalmykia in Europe, which fun fact is the only Buddhist majority region in Europe. The final republic of North Asadia is a Veronica origin, though these republics are named for a certain ethnic group, which should be known that due to hundreds of years of internal migration within the country, a few, in fact, roughly half, have russians as the majority population. As a result of having a large population of different peoples in the republics, each have an additional official language alongside Russian, as well as their own constitutions and national anthems. However, this is where the autonomy of the republics ends. Due to many issues regarding the status of the republics after the fall of the Soviet Union, and the problems included within the Chechen hordes in the 1990s, republics gradually began to lose their self-governing, and no longer had the status of being sovereign states represented by the Russian government. Bashkortistan and Tataristan were the final republics to hold such autonomy, with authority in both states being handed completely over to the federal government in 2005 and 2017, respectively. Despite losing such governmental autonomy, the republics still have their own regional identities, with the aforemented regional language status and national anthems. Still, it can be seen that with the loss of such autonomy from the federal government, the republics are not much different than other federal subjects, and many have called the end of Tatar stands the autonomy to be the end of the federation, making Russia a unitary state. Slightly off topic, but twice as interesting is the proposed republics that never came to be. During the 90s, several people living in Oblast and Khrz descended the lack of autonomy from the central government they had in respect to republics, and tried to form their own republics of existing subjects. The most notable attempts occurred in 1993, with the Ural Republic proposed to exist in the territory of Spherid Lofsk Oblast, though the idea initially gained traction and was supported by then-president Borcietsin at the time, the proposed republic was dissolved in November the same year. Other interesting attempts to create republics out of Khrz included the Yenneksa Republic and Irkutsk, the Siberian Republic and Novosti Biosk, and the Primozky Republic and Primozky Khrz. Two that may have had a better shot up becoming republics if they were a little more populous are the Chukotka Republic and the Nennets Republic which are both currently autonomous Oak Rooks. But what are autonomous Oak Rooks? Well, I can say that their history is a bit less controversial considering they have already started with less autonomy than their counterparts in their republics, and the people represented by these Oak Rooks are all peaceful people of the Arctic region, but I'll get to how they're governed in a second. These Oak Rooks all have Russian majorities, but the majority is much smaller in these places than say it would be in an Oblast or cry due to the large presence of a minority group, which guess what gives the region's additional language rights. The languages of three out of four belong to the Uralik family, with the Nennets and Yamalone Nets falling under the Somaliyatic branch and the Hanti-Modsy Oak Rook having the namesake peoples and languages belonging to the Ugric branch with Hungarian. The most unique autonomous Oak Rook, both in ethnicity and the way it's governed as you will see soon, is the Chukotka Oak Rook. The Chukchi language belonging to the Chukotka Chukotka language is an Eastern Siberia, is official there, with U-Pik being a significant minority. The autonomous Oak Rooks are all federal subjects, as stated by the Russian Constitution, but are a bit unique as they are administered both directly by the central government and additionally exist as a district in another Oblast or cry, in most cases. If you watched my last video, you will remember me stating that the Nennets Oak Rook exists as part of Archangels Oblast, and the Yamalone Nets and Hanti-Modsy Oak Rooks exist within Tumin Oblast. Again, this is where Chukotka is unique, as it exists solely as a directly governed province and is not supported against another Oblast, though it formerly was to Magadan Oblast in the fateful 1993 breakup. Some interesting things to note about autonomous Oak Rooks, there used to be a lot more, totaling 10. The Aganboriats and Ust-Orda Oak Rooks, both with Mongolic populations used to exist as enclairs within and subordinate to Zabikalski, Cry and Irkutsk Oblast, but since 2008, they were merged with those subjects. Kamschatski, Cry, doubled in size in 2007 after absorbing its autonomous Oak Rook of Koryakia, whose language of Koryak is closely related to Chukchi. The event-kin-time-year Oak Rooks were both merged with Krasnoyars Cry in 2007 also. Ivanky is a language in the Tungusik branch, which includes Manchu in Northeastern China. Finally, the Komi Permeak Autonomous Oak Rook, with the Uralakomi language being spoken there, united with Perme Cry in 2005. With all that said, I should not forget to mention autonomous Oblasts. They were mainly created to serve the interests of smaller nations in the Soviet Union and were subordinated to Cry's. However, after 1990, this cause of his removed. There were five, but the Adage, Altayan, Karchaya Chakassian, and Khakassian Autonomous Oblasts became republics, while leaving the Jewish Autonomous Oblasts in the dust as the sole remaining of its kind. It is governed no differently from other Oblasts or cries, except it has Hebrew as an official language alongside Russian. Not like anybody speaks Hebrew there, though. So to recap, republics are nominally Autonomous regions with ethnic minorities with their own languages, constitutions, and national anthems. Autonomous Oak Rooks are directly governed by the federal government and an Oblasts government, except for Chukotka, which is only governed directly from Moscow, and these Oak Rooks have language rights for minorities. Finally, the Autonomous Oblast works just like other Oblasts, but has Hebrew as an official language alongside Russian. 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