Digital Social Innovation is essentially using technology for good, using it to tackle real-world social challenges whether that's in the field of health, refugee and migration or in the environment. It's important for many reasons because it enables new public services by citizens and themselves. It enables for instance new approaches to preserve the environment but it's important also for the economy. The Open Voice Factory is an open source project producing communication aids for people with speech disabilities. Communication is priceless but there are families choosing to be in heat and food right now. So the Open Voice Factory we make the free open source communication aid. From our new and the world to clicks and communications. Refugees is a social enterprise that's focused on empowering refugees of technology. What we do is we are creating a mobilized ecosystem of NGOs, of the besters, refugees, and volunteers to come together and start thinking about how they can use digital social innovation and deploy in humanitarian aid to help refugees. In the future we would like to see everyone who is working in humanitarian aid use technology as a tool that can empower and build on communities. Making sensors are a youth-funded project. It really is about how we can empower people with open source technology, data literacy, digital fabrication. So they can build sensors, they can capture environmental data, they can make sense of that data and they can start to tackle environmental concerns. So I think what's really exciting about digital social innovation is that it kind of shifts power from the established organisations to the hands of the people. Whether that's through the community organisations that are sort of the intermediaries to get their voice heard or whether it's through maker movements and actually artist-proof democracy or kinds of really interesting things. Digital social innovation is at the core of the digital strategy of Barcelona. For us, digital social innovation means to build as much city from the ground up together with citizens. So it's about developing funding and deploying technologies which have citizen needs and citizens' rights at its core. We are working on a variety of digital social innovation projects. One important one is the use of participatory democracy for the political decision making and more than 40,000 citizens participated to write the government agenda of the city of Barcelona. There are a lot of projects that Amsterdam that I would say would follow in the umbrella of DSI. One of the examples I like is that nowadays citizens can connect directly via a few apps actually to the people who head to the street and make sure the city is just safe. So please, etc. What excites me about digital social innovation is that it's not only doing things a bit better. I mean it's about doing things differently. Over the next few years we're going to want to see more digital social innovation really operating at scale, more sustainable funding models in place, more people for more diverse backgrounds using it to really benefit them in their lives and communities. In order to make the most of digital social innovation across Europe, we need to invest in the digital skills and capabilities of our civil society. We also need to think about how we align and integrate better with public services. And that's going to mean that we have to get much better about evidence the impact of what we're doing.