Hello, in this video I will show you how to make an ozone generator and I will also talk about some physics involved. I made few types. This first one is the condenser stuffed with copper wire and filled with conductive liquid. We conductive liquid, there is one electrode connected and one electrode is connected to the stuffed copper wire. The idea here is that you can see the discharge so it's rather cosmetic design than functional. Also you could easily connect a tube to the condenser, but the problem is that it didn't work. So I thought that the problem was with liquid electrodes so I made this one which has similar glass thickness just for a test and it didn't work. So then I made this one. The inner electrode is more force to the side of the glass also. Glass is thinner and there's more wire wound around so I thought that maybe an issue. There are two ways to test if this device work. First one is you smell the ozone actually. It smells pretty easily, just few seconds after powering. And second one is you can see the discharge as a faint glow but there's nothing on those three types I made. You can now see that glass thickness compared one to each other. The right side one is about 2mm thick and the longer one is about half a millimeter thick. After this long chain of unsuccessful I made this one. This is made of plastic also. The inner electrode is aluminum foil stuffed in between the walls of the rolled plastic sheet. So it is perfectly forced to the sides. Copper wire around is just as it is. There is nothing to do very much about it. And it didn't work as well. So I made also this one. There is dielectric material. This is PVC. Also stuff with copper wire inside and no change. Not working at all. So I made this one and this one is actually the first one I made. And it works pretty well. The only difference between those are diameter of the inner electrode. This one is pretty thin about half a millimeter. Then there is dielectric material and wire wrapped around. So I made this one to just to confirm that I'm not doing anything wrong. And this one didn't work. So when compared those two there is not really any difference. The longer one is wrapped around some wooden piece but it really works also in straight state. Any length. So I don't know really or at least I didn't really know what was happening. This one is variation on the generator on the wood shanks. So it works really nice. And yeah I will show you some photos of this. They are pretty interesting. This is shorter time exposure photo. You can see that the glow is not very consistent. I don't really know if this is right or not. But I guess no. Here you can see there is actually little tiny places where the discharge is happening and spreading on dielectric material. Which is kind of what I would expect but okay but long story short before we start with physics I would have found is that I was using DC power source. It was flyback from TV and those modern flybacks has internal diode so... But the problem is that how the fuck can any of those work? And there is that one particular type that is working and I don't really know how. So I read something on the weekend. I came to some conclusion. Okay so let's see what's going on here. Okay so we have two sharp electrodes and the higher voltage sheets. And those sharp points have a really high electric field that maybe visualized by those red lines that represent electric field. So there is ionization of air molecules going on and current discharge happens. When we modify one electrode and make it not so sharp the current discharge on one side is eliminated. That is because the electric force density is lower because it's more spread. Also this all happens in ambient air actually. And here I am writing electrical breakdown voltage for air that corresponds to about 1 kV per millimeter. The distance between those electrodes must be greater than 20 mm at 20 kV. Okay man enough of that bullshit. I apologize to you for my coke for that crappy narration. We don't want to spend next 10 hours on editing audio. But back to the subject. Let's simplify those electrodes by replacing rods for circular shape. Reconnect them and visualizing electric field lines we can see that nothing much will change. The reason why we got rid of corona discharge on positive side is that it is not producing much ozone. The negative side and positive side corona have different properties because of different charge and free electron density. However, those two circles will not create very much ozone. We can either have a raise of electrodes or in our case we can add one dimension to drawing. Now on thin electrode there will be corona formed on whole length. Note that this thin electrode should have about 0.3 mm diameter and electric field will produce force, which can cause vibrations, even bending at large lengths. As those electrodes should be as close as possible there as big risk of arc forming, we can add some spacers to prevent this, but this is only adding complexity to the system. We can use dielectric material as current limiting element. Note that we changed power supply from DC to AC. This is because as the insulator is saturated by charged particles, we have to change polarity to let the current flow back. Next benefit is that we can move electrodes almost infinitely close together. As long as there is gas to ionize, the system will work. So this is pretty robust solution. By combination of previous two systems we can use insulated wires one electrode, wrap then wire around which is second electrode. Now everybody should agree that this is effectively a capacitor. To reveal mystery, why there was such inconsistency in our experiments, let's draw schematic of this device. First of all our experiment was done on DC supply, but here is drawing of AC supply with a capacitor connected to it directly. As you may know this circuit has its DC equivalent, at fixed frequency a capacitor may be replaced with resistor so current flowing will be the same. Oop said it in glitch. So most likely this is what's happened. When we go a little bit more into detail, on this picture is drawing of that resistive equivalent. Note that thin wire has also a very good coating that can withstand 20kV, but it is prone to cracking and mechanical damage. So I think that on those damaged parts of wire discharge will be formed, represented by green in this drawing. Compared to the real photo I think that this is real thing. Also a wire that was used here is from water pump, that was extremely cheap, cable quality was 2 of 10, it was exposed to weather for long time so no wonder that it is behaving in such way that thing is, that fly back supply was destroyed during diode reputation. Good thing is, that I have learned something new and bought a plasma ball so I can try use that as power source. I am also not going to do osinosis until I have enough knowledge to do it safe. There may be an update to this. I pretty much want to see the condenser generator in action.