This is the Trigamark-2 Research Reactor of the Atomic Institute. It's one of the most popular research reactors around the world. There are probably something around 100 reactors of this type. The name means training and research. Reactor, what is of special interest for us is neutron irradiation of some materials and this is done in the center of the reactor core. You can also see several options, these tubes on the right here, for placing samples near reactor core. You see the characteristic chain, Jerenkov light and this is particularly strong in the center of this reactor core as you can see here. And this is actually the position which is of most interest for our irradiation work on superconductors because we place our samples right into this central irradiation facility where the highest neutron flux density is available. Whatever particle or source you use, you have to first of all check very carefully which kind of defects you are producing. The fast neutrons they transfer to the materials so much energy locally that parts of the material locally melt and re-crystallize or remain amorphous and produce spherical statistically distributed defects in the material with a size of about 5 nanometers. Interesting issue for flux spinning of course is the relation between the size of the defects and the coherence lengths. Now imagine take up code and the coherence length is 5 nanometers. It's the same size as the defect so that's clearly not the point defect it's a strong spinning center. You are putting in these large strong spinning centers at the same time the particles also create disorder in the superconductor. The acid effects are of course essential to study the lifetime performance important for large scale applications but on the other hand radiation effects are extremely nice and suitable for studying the basics of flux spinning in high temperature superconductors or in MGP2 because you don't have to compare different samples. You just use the same sample, expose it to radiation, you know, roughly or very well how many defects you have introduced in this superconductor, study the performance, assess all material parameters and then you take the same sample single crystal for instance put it back into the reactor add a few more spinning centers do the same story. The general observation that you get an increase in critical current densities for instance initially at low doses you reach a maximum and then when the basic superconducting properties degrade too much then also the critical current density will go down. The transition temperature starts to decrease and that can be very dramatic you can even drive a material into the normal conducting state if you go to very high doses.