Hello and welcome back. So today we'll be talking about directions, specifically directions in Hawaiian. Now the Hawaiian language rather than saying left and right very often drivers when they say turn to left, turn to right they'll say something like turn mocha or turn makae and the direction that is moka or makae can also be left or right depending on where you are because moka means inland and makae means towards the sea. So depending on where you are on the island if you're driving on a coastal highway for example if the moka is on the right then makae is on your left. If makae is on your right moka is on your left it depends on where you are. Okay so this is a very interesting way of orientating orientating yourself and let's see the opposite of moka which is inland is makae which means towards the sea or towards the ocean like this and very often moka also means to go uphill because on many islands in the Pacific the seaside is lower than the inland area. The land area often is where the hills are the jungles are. So to go uphill to go to the jungle all that is moka and makae means to go out to sea and let's see where these two words come from. Okay so moka comes from ma uka so ma could be a word that describes adjectives. It could also be a word used in locations so add somewhere and uka means inland or upland and likewise makae we've talked about the word kai before I think about my earlier video. So makae ma is again the same prefix and kai means the sea or the ocean and if we look at where the word uka comes from let's take a look at one by one these words one by one. Ma uka uka so uka is the how I work for inland or to go upland and it's related to the word uta so notice that the k sound in Hawaiian is often the t in Tongan or Samoan or Māori and all these mean inland and they all come from the reconstructed proto-Austrian. This is reconstructed so when nobody knows for sure how it was actually pronounced but we have a pretty good idea by comparing its descendant so it's uta no uta and it means inland and this is the origins of the Malay Indonesian word hutan. You probably know this word from the word orang utan and it literally means the man of the jungle and this is where it comes from Malay or Indonesian it was borrowed into English and Dutch and brought to the rest of the world so there you have it the orang utan the utan is the same as the uka in Hawaiian and interesting developments in other languages for example in seboano I know this word exists utan means vegetables I think Filipinos please correct me if I'm wrong utan means vegetables and you see the relationship because when you go in the ancient times when people went inland from the sea they would go into the jungle and from there you know that's where the hills are and that's also where people would often pick vegetables and and and plants to eat so yeah vegetables from the land and inland is utan or uka which is where the forests are so that's the connection and let's take a look at the other word kai so the word for the sea kai or the oceans in Hawaiian are is related to the words they begin with ti tai in other languages in rapanui interhesion in Maori and even in Samoan and Tongan they say tai or and in some languages tasi meaning the sea and they all come from the proto-ostrian tasi which means the sea or the ocean in in Samoan it's tasi tasi and it means the sea and in other languages they often this word often goes and changes a lot it undergoes a lot of semantic shifts you have for example the word tasi in Tagalog which I think means saltwater again I'm only a beginner in Tagalog so if I'm wrong please please correct me feel free to comment below and in Malay this is where you have the most dramatic change tasi in Malay and indonesian means lake so this is a very interesting shift from sea to saltwater to lake I don't know why Malay and indonesian have this change from sea to lake but if you do know let me know and comment below I'm very very interested in finding out okay I think that's it thank you very much I'm keeping it short today and if you have any comments any questions just feel free to comment below and don't forget please like share and subscribe until next time