The Parker Solar Probe, a mission to touch the sun. Present it by Science at NASA. People around the world look up and see our sun every day, but through a space telescope it looks nothing like it does from down on the ground. The surface dances with arches of solar material that reach up into the solar atmosphere, an environment of charged particles in magnetic fields unlike anything we experience on Earth. In 2018, the Parker Solar Probe will launch from a Delta IV heavy rocket and travel approximately three months to take its first swing by the sun right through that atmosphere. Over seven years, it will get ever closer until ultimately it's within 3.9 million miles or 6.2 million kilometers of the sun's surface. It's so close that the previous record holder, the Helios B spacecraft, was seven times farther away. An important objective of the Parker Solar Probe is to learn more about the solar wind, an exotic stew of magnetic forces, plasma, and particles. It interacts with planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres, which over the eons may have contributed to a planet's habitability. It blankets our spacecraft and astronauts traveling to the Moon and Mars, it affects space weather at and around Earth and causes beautiful aurora. The solar wind also travels at immense speeds and scientists want to learn why. It leaves the sun at a speed of up to 500 miles or 800 kilometers per second and engulfs all major planets in the solar system. What is the source of the wind? From a distance, it's difficult to tell. Dr. Adam Zabo, the Parker Mission Scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, says, we've been examining the solar wind for over 50 years, but the wind is processed by the time it reaches Earth, by studying it much closer to the sun. The Parker Probe will be able to tell us such things as what part of the sun is providing the energy source for the wind's particles and how they can accelerate to such incredibly high speeds. It's like trying to understand how a car runs without looking at the motor. It's important to get under the hood to determine the mechanisms driving the actual system. The Parker Solar Probe is the only NASA mission named after a living person. Dr. Eugene Parker, an astrophysicist, is credited with developing the theory behind the solar wind in the late 1950s. And asked why he thinks so many people are drawn to this particular mission. Dr. Parker said, I assume it's the same reason that I got excited about it. This is a journey into never-neverland, you might say, where it's too hot for any sensible spacecraft to function. But some very clever engineering and construction has succeeded in making what looks like a very workable mission. Clever indeed. At its fastest speed, the Parker Solar Probe will orbit the sun at 430,000 mph or 716,000 km per hour. That's fast enough to get from New York City to Tokyo in under a minute. It will absorb temperatures as high as 2500 degrees Fahrenheit or 1400 degrees Celsius. And soon, it will begin to transmit the data to help us better comprehend one of the least understood phenomena in our solar system, the solar wind. For more illuminating information about the Parker Solar Probe, visit science.nasa.gov.