So it's time in this video for a highly educational etymology lesson. Yesterday I got a comment on one of my videos, which was probably a joke, but it's a joke that I can give a very serious response to. And the joke is, or the comment was, how do you say, Cuck in Proto-Indo-European? Probably just someone messing around, but you posted that on the right channel if you wanted to get an answer about that. So how do you say Cuck in Indo-European? Let's say you want to own someone thousands of years ago in a language that's not spoken anymore. How do you do that? Let's find out. So of course, Cuck in English, short for Cuckled, comes from the Cuckoo bird, which lays its eggs in other bird's nests. That's not a very interesting etymology. I think it actually comes from the sound that the bird makes. It's on a monopoeia. But let's look at the word Cuck in other languages, other Indo-European languages, and see if we can't reconstruct something. So in Spanish, the word for Cuck, or Cuckled, is Cornudo. Now that means literally someone who is horned. Like, Cornudo also means something like something that has horns. Now in other Romance languages, as well, for example, Italian, you say, Cornuto. That's a Cuck. Same etymology. It means something with horns. Now, there's debate as to where, why this actually comes. Maybe I don't know, it's something phallic or something. I don't think people just have folk etymologies as for why. But the word in Romance languages that means horned usually means a Cuck. And it's the same thing in Latin, as well. Cornutos in Latin means a Cuck. And that means literally it means someone with horns, but it also means Cuck. That's basically what it now mounts to. And I'm trying to think, so we do have some, so Cornu in Latin means horn. We have some English words that actually come from this. So like Cornucopia. Cornu means horn and copia means plenty. So a Cornucopia is a horn of plenty. But where things get interesting, if we want to reconstruct some Indo-European word, is that if you look at earlier English, you see that English actually used the same kind of metaphor. So in middle English or several hundred years ago, if you described someone as horned or horned, that actually meant basically the same thing, and meant that they were a Cuck. So there are two possibilities here. Well three possibilities. One is it could just be a coincidence. Another one is that English speakers heard this metaphor used in Romance languages and borrowed it. Another one is that both of them go back to the same Indo-European source. And I think this actually might be a stronger alternative here, because the word horn, if you don't know already, horn is actually related to the Latin word Cornu, etymologically. They sound very different if you have an untrained ear. But in Indo-European, of course, Germanic languages go through the Grimm and Verner's law, where they a bunch of sounds change systematically. So the Cuss sound in most other Indo-European languages shows up as a Huss sound in Germanic languages. In words like this as well, so like, you know, Cornu in Latin versus horn in English, or like, let's say like, Kratos in Greek, that means like strong, that's equivalent to the English word hard, or even something like the Latin word Carlos, which means beloved or dear or sometimes expensive. That's actually related to our English word, whore, which took on different connotations, but it used to mean someone beloved or something like that, or loved or something. So Cah actually corresponds to Cah in English. And of course, if you know Grimm and Verner's law, there are a bunch of other sounds, but this is the one that matters for us. So horn is actually the same word etymologically as Cornu in Latin, and thus horned etymologically is basically the same word. It's not like English speakers borrowed it onto just a similar, like a word in similar meaning, they happened to borrow it onto the, if they borrowed it from Latin languages, they would coincidentally borrow it to the word that etymologically was the same. And this might be good proof that calling someone a Cuck actually etymologically goes back further than English and Latin back to where they had a common ancestor in Proto-Indo-European. Contrary to popular belief, it's not like European languages and Indo-European are more closely related than they are to other languages. You know, Germanic and italic slash romance, they basically have to go back to the source. If you want to find how similar they are. So what's next? So the other interesting thing, let's say we actually want to figure out which Indo-European word, what it would sound like an Indo-European. Now if you look at words for horn in other languages, so for example in Hittite, the word for horn is Sorno. I think Sorno, Sorno, something like that. And that actually is related as well to corno and horn. And I think in Sanskrit there's a word, I don't know Sanskrit that well, but there's something like Shranga, Shranga starts with the SH kind of sound. Now you might be asking why does an SH sound or Sorno in Hittite, how is that related to the Cuss sound in Latin? Well that's because all of them come, whenever you see that in an Indo-European language, it actually corresponds to the Indo-European palatal K, which sounded some, it's not exactly like a K sound, it's more like, it's a little bit different. But in Western, well, that's actually the wrong term to use. But in some Indo-European languages like Latin and English, that sound actually merges with the normal K. So it comes to Latin as corno, it comes to Latin, or it comes to English as horn because you know both become K and then K changes to H. Whereas in other Indo-European languages like Sanskrit and Hittite, that actually, the palatal K, the K sound becomes something more like, and you can sort of see how those are related or Hittite, it's a, or whatever. So what this tells us is that the Indo-European word for Cuck had to have had a palatal vealur. In fact, this specific root it would have come from is Kair, which can mean different things, sometimes, you know, it's associated with horns, but it's also associated with just like the top of your head or something like that. So one derivative of this of Kair is in Latin, there's the word Kairerbrum, which is brain. We obviously get the word cerebrum from it. So this too is related actually to the same source. So Kair gives us all of those things. Now, this is where things get a little fuzzy for me. Now of course I can give you a good word for it, but I haven't done a Indo-European in a couple years. I might get some details wrong. So here's the important thing. Now first off, we have an in and ends pop up in many different places in Indo-European. It's not too weird to have, you know, a root from Kair, like Kairnol or something like that. So that isn't too surprising. But it also, so the Latin ending, coronutos, that sort of tells you that it comes from, the tooth comes from a agitival ending or sort of a nominalizing ending in Indo-European that's toast. And that's what's specifically what's called a hetero-kinesic, and I think that's it, hystero-kinesic suffix, because when you put it on a word, the stress actually shifts to the suffix. And sometimes you'll have vowel changes or abloud or something like that. You can get it wrong. You can correct me if I get something a little wrong here. So anyway, what the Indo-European word for a cuck should be, literally someone who is horned, should be like, let's see, coronutos or something like that, coronutos. And it depends on what exact word you want to have it come from. You could just say, instead of having a syllabic R, it has an O, because that's what you see in Latin. Coronutos, coronutos, I should be clear. You have stress at the end. So that should basically be your Indo-European word for cuck. Again, now this is definitely the Indo-European word for horned or something like that, barring any mistakes that I made as I'm emologizing in my car here today. That should be the Indo-European word for horned horned, but it might be the case that like in Germanic and Romance languages, that has the connotation of being a cuck as well. So that is basically how you say cuck in proto-Indo-European. And I will put the, maybe I'll put the declension for it in the video description or in the comment section in case any of you guys want to decline the word in all appropriate cases. So anyway, that's about it and I will see you guys next time.