So in V-Cure 1, I just have some pure water and I'm going to add before we add anything like any of the HCL. I'm going to add an indicator. This is a Fisher Universal indicator. The indicator itself might be hard to see in the back, but to start out it's actually a green collar. Now I'm going to put this into the water and put quite a bit. Notice that the water now is yellow. And what would you guess the pH of this water would be right now? 5, something 5 and 5. Okay, it probably is about 5 and a half right now. This is still water, but it has set open to the atmosphere. So any CO2 that's dissolved, you know, has made carbonic acid, the carbonic acid, the lower the pH, the lower the sub. So even that's pure water, doesn't necessarily mean it's exactly the pH of 7. So this indicator, in around 5, pH is yellow. Okay, let's see what will happen. I've got some 1 molar hydrochloric acid. And I don't think it's this. So let's take a pipe out of this and add to the water. Now if the pH changes, we should see a collar change. Okay, all right. I only added a few drops by the way, and you can see what happened. It's pink. Okay, now let's see what would happen if I do the same thing. This is water. I'm going to put some butter in this speaker, and I'm going to add some HC all of that. So of course, first I do want to add my indicator. Let me see what happens. Now it may start out a little bit different. So obviously this buffer was a little bit more acidic than the distilled water that I had. Okay, but right now it's a kind of a light pink. Now if I add the acid and we see a change in pH, you know, if it gets more acidic, it should get darker. Okay, but if it doesn't change, then we can assume that there wasn't any change in pH. Okay, I'm going to add a few drops to start and we'll see what happens. All right, that was the same amount that I added to my water. Does anyone see a change? No. Okay, let's add a little bit more. Okay, and I'm still adding. Any change yet? No. All right, still no change. Okay, does anyone see a change? I don't. I don't think so. So I've added a whole drop or four and there was still no change. So the buffer was able to maintain the pH. Okay, so just like the equation up here on our screen, when I added the HCl to the acetate buffer, the acetate on part of the buffer removed that extra H plus that I was adding, inverted it over to a seated acid. So there was relatively no change in pH. Okay, all right. So let's take a look at adding a base to just some plain water first. So again, let's add some indicator. This is just still in the water again. Nice and color. So again, it's yellow because the pH of the water is about five and a half. Okay, I've had some one molar sodium hydroxide here. So we know sodium hydroxide is a strong base. So if there is a change in pH, I should see a color change. Okay, so we're going to add that. Okay, that was just a few drops of sodium hydroxide. You can see there was a pretty big change. So the solution went from the yellow to the purple color. Okay, all right. So it changed pretty quickly. All right, my fourth beaker, okay, I'm going to go ahead and use, well, I don't have a surf bar for this, but we'll add some indicator to some buffer in here. I'll just have to swirl my beaker. Okay, I'm going to add some indicator in there. And again, you know, it's going to be the light pink color. I'm getting it to mix without a magnetic surf bar. Okay, so paint collar should change if when I add the base, a pH change. Okay, so I've added three drops of my base. And I don't see a change. I'm going to see a change, I'm supposed to indicate where it is. I saw it all the way. So no change. Just go ahead and let's add in a whole drop of full. Let's see if we can get it to change. Add it in a whole drop or full of sodium hydroxide. And it still paint. Okay, so as you can see, with the buffer, okay, absolutely no change in pH. But with distilled water adding a very small amount of HCl, we're setting hydroxide. So I've we didn't see a very large change in pH.