Hey to the Dubai debates. I'm very sorry I can't participate. I'm in Australia and I'm unfortunately a little limited by the time difference. But it sounds incredibly interesting and very very useful what you're going to be discussing. Both of course what is going to happen in the regional issue of what are you going to do after oil and gas although I wouldn't worry too much because that is pretty far off. But also that you're going to be talking about nuclear and you're going to talk about energy in general and of course renewable energy. My pitch on this issue and that's going to be my two cents worth in your conversation is really that we need to recognize that the current approach that we're following just doesn't work. We're so focused on getting a few solar panels up on our rooftops. It makes us feel good but because they're still vastly more expensive they are not actually going to solve anything. They're just simply going to be niche products that make western governments and other feel good governments feel good but it's not actually going to cut into the real emissions of CO2. So what we need to do instead of focusing on subsidizing inefficient technologies like solar panels and that has been the policy over the last 20 years and it has failed as such. What we need to do is instead focus on dramatically ramping up investment into research and development in making those technologies much cheaper. Imagine if we over the next 20 to 40 years could make renewables, could make solar panels cheaper than fossil fuels. We would have solved the problem. Everyone would move also the Chinese and the Indians and everyone else not because they were green not because they were forced to but simply because those technologies were cheaper. So the solution is yes go on with what we're doing right now which unfortunately means using a lot of fossil fuels because they power everything we like but dramatically ramp up investment in research and development and to green energy technologies so that over the next 20 to 40 years we will be able to make energy transition. It's much cheaper than what we're proposing today. It's much more likely to lead to an energy revolution and ultimately of course it's much more likely that if the economics is right that we will actually transition to post fossil fuel economy. Those are my two cents I wish you all the best and Dubai with your debates and best of luck here for Australia. Take care. Bye. I suppose that where I disagree with what Leon Longbuk said there was that he dismissed solar power for example as you know people putting a few solar panels on their rooftops and it's a feel good thing rather than anything substantial but of course this is one region of the world where indeed it can be something a hell of a lot more substantial. The sun, the space and all the rest of it clearly there are challenges such as for example that the sun shines slightly the wrong time for when the grid needs energy in the evening but you know there clearly are opportunities here that could be exploited with a bit of imagination and I was very interested just by way of example of some of the things that are already going on a couple of weeks ago or even last week Alex Summon the first minister of Scotland was in town and doing quite a heavy pitch to the Emirati authorities about renewable energy and his pitch very simply was look you've got a lot of sun here so look and be a big game for you. We've got a lot of wind in Scotland, a wind and wave power can be big for us. We've also got technical expertise. Why don't you have capital? Why don't we work together and we can take advantage of your capital, joint expertise, you know Scottish universities with excellent research facilities and all the rest of it and develop new techniques and renewables which are transferable across different industries. Now you know he's a politician of course he knows how to make a compelling pitch but it sounded a very interesting idea and obviously at a very very early stage but it's an idea it's a sense it gives a sense I suppose of how you know people on both in the Gulf and outside are thinking about these things right now and moving beyond the fossil fuels. I think we're seeing a change I mean I don't see any reason why we shouldn't have an oil-based economy so long as it is developed in a sustainable way because at the end of the day this is what we have you know you have 60% of the world's oil reserves are in this part of the world and you see divergences you know the politics of different countries that are different apart from Libya which is a major oil producer the rest of the Gulf we haven't seen any trouble so obviously something is being done right. I think we're seeing more concern now for preserving for future generations the resources that we have as societies have done as I think the UAE is doing. It's a sort of bit of a paradox because you can do that but at the same time it means you're not investing in the future in future capacity which might down the road mean that oil prices spike but that's another story we can go back to. At Saudi Arabia it's been throwing money at potential trouble we're told you know more spending but again not a bad thing we're seeing more social spending. We're seeing a diversified economy that is maybe oil and gas space we're seeing petrochemicals industry growing in this part of the world we're seeing more downstream we're seeing more job creation as a result of this expanding. Well we're seeing it all across I think we're seeing it in the region because you're going from you know you're not just looking it up. I think you're saying that it just reemphasizes the rentier state welfare model and that the government is the employer of last resort if you may. No management no but what I think is you are seeing in places like Iraq you've got a lot of private sector investment now because you've got a lot of foreign oil companies going in so that's creating a totally different dynamic on the ground and I think you use the strengths that you have and at the moment this is what we can use in order to make life better for our people. The scale of one to ten how satisfied are you with the efforts of the GCC countries that have been being 5. Bye. Bye. Thank you. Thank you. Robin. I think the answer to the question that was posed, what's after oil and gas for the Gulf is a lot more oil and gas. It's certainly over the next several decades to come. What do you like to eat? Well don't get me under diversification you know that's the whole other thing but you know there's often this question about what is the post-ord economy in the Gulf and I've made some bit premature to be asking my question. and I think the last drop of oil in the world will come out of the ground in Saudi Arabia.