So now we'll talk about the basic principles of space law. Excellent. So, yeah, we...there seems to be a lot because there's national law and international law. It's not just space law, so there's space, national law and space, international law. That's right. Okay. That's right. And the national law is different in every jurisdiction, so it becomes quite complex potentially. Okay. But we're starting with international space law and there are five space-specific treaties. Starting with the outer space treaty, that's been ratified by 110 countries and 23 other countries have signed the outer space. So does this mean 110 parliaments, or so to speak, have ratified it, but then 23 additional diplomats have signed, but their governments haven't ratified it? That's correct. Okay. And the expectation is they will at some point. They may never get around to it. It's just not high on the agenda for their particular parliament. Okay. All right, fair enough. There's a variety of reasons why that... So this isn't necessarily entirely intentional that they're trying to have their feet both camps, there's just probably practical reasons, is it the case? Well, that's true. That's true, although there are examples. So the United States, for example, very much supported the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in the negotiation of it. And then when the diplomats brought it back to Congress, Congress had second thoughts about it and did for some time. Okay. All right. The same with the International Criminal Court, but that's a whole different... Okay, yeah. So there's a... This is kind of a loaded topic then about why these 23 are 23. Yes. Okay. Interesting. But you remember before I talked about whether something has become customary international law. So if part to the outer space treaty have become customary international law, and that is undoubtedly the case that some parts have... This doesn't matter then. There's still bound. Yeah. There's still bound. Okay. I guess that's somewhat good to know, right? Yeah. We're not a poll to just 23 lazy parliament's not getting around to it. No. And the other thing to remember is the 110 states who have ratified represent pretty much every state fair... It's a space fairing nation. Yes. So the majority of work is happening in that 110. Right. Okay. Yes. Then you have the Rescue and Return Agreement. The name of the Rescue and Return Agreement is fairly indicative of what it covers. Fair enough. Rescue and Return of Astronauts and Space Objects that has a few less ratifications. Is there any... Is there any reason why there's less here? Okay. Okay. We'll come to that. All right. I'll tell you the next one is the liability convention. All right. So at least the 98 is the same. There's a little bit. Yeah. That's pretty much the same. I'll give you that. And note the years as well. I mean, not in that picture. I need that picture. No, not in that picture. And I'm not using the 68, 1972. The registration convention in 1975, 69 ratifications and three signatures. And I see there's a drop off in the Moon Agreement. Yes. Yes. There are actually relatively few states parties to the moon agreement. Australia is one of those states parties. Doesn't involve or none of the major space-faring states are parties to the moon agreement. And a number of the major space-faring states very expressly don't like the moon agreement. So then this broadly would imply, if I'm not mistaken, that... Well, there's probably a lot of bits of common law now and outer space treaty. That is not the case with the moon agreement. Exactly. And in fact, the United States, there's an executive order signed by the President of the United States during the Trump administration, that expressly says, we deny that the moon agreement is or could become customary international law. And I assume that's a big statement to have. It is. It is. And it was kind of surprising because nobody was suggesting that it was customary international law. So why did you even need to say it? Yeah. It's like, no, I didn't steal the cooking out of the char. When my child says that, I didn't ask if they did. It kind of seems there's a bit of guilt tommos in that state. Right. Right. It's pretty interesting. And one of the things that's particularly relevant about this is because it says something about space resource-and-solization. Yes. Something that extends the outer space treaty, but extends it in a way that, for example, the United States doesn't like. So it's a politically loaded issue. It seems very much like it. Right. So then there, actually, I should go back. And yes, there is a trend here. 1967 to 1979. 12 years. 12 years to settle. Five treaties is actually an extraordinarily rapid rate of treaty. Oh really? Really? It is. I mean, I had no idea. So this is actually good progress. And I guess it's this driven because space became a very new, really important topic. Absolutely. Absolutely. And when, for example, Skylab looked like it was going to drop out of the sky and a number of states signed up to the liability convention that state, because they could was as straightly as signed onto it before or after. When they got news that Skylab might be coming down, that was part of the impetus to sign up to the... Interesting. Okay. Very fitting they did then after all Skylab being the famous one that crashed it's in Australia. Yeah, yes. And I'll cover that later, actually. But you can see that since 1979, there haven't been any more treaties. And that's indicative of a general loss of appetite in the international community for treaty. International law community or space community or a bit of that. The international law community or the international community generally. But also to some extent the space community is specifically interesting.