The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2023 to Pierre Agostini, Ference, Krauss and Lehwilié for experimental methods that generate atosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter. Meanwhile, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly goes to Catalan Carrico and Drew Weissmann for their discoveries concerning nucleoside-based modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.