Timeline of Biology How much do you know about the history and evolution of biology as a scientific discipline? Let's take a look at a timeline of some important moments in biology. 347 BC Aristotle began to classify living things into different groups and is recognized today as the father of taxonomy. 1859 Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution, which states that humans evolved over a period of time from simpler life forms. 1862 Louis Pasteur invented the process of pasteurization. This process kills bacteria and helps us to give beverages a longer shelf life. 1865 Gregor Mendel published his work on Mendelian inheritance. He performed experiments on pea plants that show how genes are inherited and expressed. 1900 Carl Lange-Diner discovered blood types. This helps us make sure that a person who needs a blood transfusion receives compatible blood. 1951 Rosalind Franklin captured photographs of DNA using x-ray crystallography, giving us clues about its double helic structure. 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick published their findings on the structure of DNA using the work of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. 1977 A microbiologist called Carl Wows discovered a new domain of life called R.K.R. 1978 The world's first test tube baby was born. She was conceived via in vitro fertilization. 1996 Dolly the sheep was the world's first clone produced from an adult cell. 2003 The human genome project was completed. This project succeeded in sequencing the entire genetic code of humans.