Welcome back friends, we are studying the subject manufacturing processes in which we are studying the casting processes. In the casting processes, we are now studying the testing of molding sand. Moucher content test. First of all, we will see the moisture content test. In this test, sample is weighted minus 50 gram of molding sand heated for 2 hours at 1 1 0 degree Celsius. Allowed to cool to room temperature, then we weigh the sample. Moucher content is equal to initial weight minus final weight upon initial weight into 100. The testing is shown in figure moisture determining apparatus is shown in the figure at right hand side. Clay content. Clay content test. Take the standard desert sand sample 50 gram mixed with distilled water and 1 percent of water. In a voice solution, steering power 5 minutes, then allowed to settle down 10 minutes. This tape repeated until the water above the sand is clean. Now the sand is dried and weighted. The loss of weight cues the clay content. Clay content is equal to initial weight minus final weight upon initial weight into 100. This shows the clay content test apparatus. Now we will see the next testing of mold sand. The first point is sand test. Ritiam machine compressive shear stencil and bending sand. Test specimen is 5.08 centimeter diya into 5.08 log. The first point is sand test. 5.08 centimeter diya into 5.08 length height. Volume of air 2000 CM tube and air pressure is 10 gram per centimeter square and T is the time. Permiability number is given by the formula V into H upon T into area into time. The application in the figure right. The final test with the help of Siv with different size. The size of the grains will be determined. Completely dry and clay is pre sand. 15 minutes by electric motor. Top course Siv, bottom final Siv. The grain fitness test is shown in the right side. Adnestest. Adnestest in this test to check the grahamic density of the sand prepared mold surface in test. Tested 40 lightly ram sand 50 medium 70 hard ram sand etcetera. Boldly process. Boldly is the process. Boldly is the process of making a cavity similar to the product required in the sand. The production of mold is covered by the type of metal to be cast. Size of casting accuracy and the surface finish of the casting. Green sand mold. Green sand persist contains silica sand, clay water, additives 10 to 15 percent clay, 4 to 6 percent water and remaining silica sand, small and medium sized castings, non-fairless metals or an alloys. The figure shows AB, CD or the figures of casting molding process. The figure shows molding process. Advantages. Less time, no drying and cost. Disadvantages. Less surface finish, low mold, strength, blow hole, defect. These are the disadvantages of molding process. Dry sand mold, dry sand mold, green sand mold and dried optar and dried optar making the mold. The mixture of silica sand, cold earth, clay and molasses, dry. Large size molds oxys, acetylene, acetylene, clay, small molds, co-on, advantages. Stronger than green sand mold, long life permeability mold. Disadvantages. Time consuming cost, high subjectivity to heart, clear. Low molding. Very large casting, molding box and pattern can be cannot be used due to cost. Low sand is a mixture of silica sand, rapid powder and more amount of clay. Initially, rough frame work made by bricks. The low sand is applied over the brick work. Let's and bars, user to reinforce the brick. A sheet pattern is used to get the required shape, advantages. Large casting with less cost, good surface finish. Disadvantages. Time consuming, time consuming and skill, levers are required for this process. Molding metal. Bench molding. For small work, floor molding, done on the boundary, floor medium size casting, pit molding. For large size casting, pit will be created in the floor ramp. The flat is placed over the pit, the walls of the pit, brick line and plattered with long sand. Bottom of the pit is ran with the 5280 mm layer of coke to improve permeability. Gwent pipes are run from this layer to side surface. Coque is covered with blackings and sheet molding. Part is symmetrically about vertical axis, used for large and medium size casting, drag on floor, a sweep bowl having a shape required. These are the molding methods we have seen in this session. Now in the next session, we will see the molding machine. Thank you.