Hello everyone, this is D. Ashrogi Comics where I talk about astronomy and space science through art. If you are interested in sciart and space comics, do check out my social media links from the description below. Before we start with this video on explore in the universe, do click on the red color subscribe button below to never miss out on any exciting species stuff from you. In the second video of the series Exoplanets, we are going to discuss the various classes of exoplanets based on their mass and distance from their hostile. Exoplanets from the very start were fascinating and stood out from the planets of the solar system. The first exoplanet around a sun-like star 51 Pegasus B is a gas giant 0.45 times the mass of Jupiter. But unlike our gas giants, it sits so close to its star that it is tidily logged to the star with one side constantly in the other constantly in the night. This class of planets were called horjupitors in regard to their distance and mass. With improved and more sensitive methods and technology to hunt for exoplanets, we started discovering planets of all sizes and in all range of distances from the stars. To properly display these categories, I am going to draw a graph here on which the ex-axis represents the distance from the hostile in AU or astronomical units. The y-axis on this graph represents the mass of the planet in the unit of Earth mass. Neptune is somewhere around 13 Earth masses while Jupiter is around 317 Earth masses. In this graph of ours, planets over 10 times the mass of Earth are called gas giants. If they are far away and are not tidily logged, they are called cold-jupitors or cold-gas giants. If these planets like closer to the star, they are called hot-jupitors and hot-gas giants. Super-Earths are planets with mass more than two Earth masses but less than 10 Earth masses. Depending on the size and composition, they might be rocky planets or ocean worlds. Ocean worlds would be at an average distance from this star so that the water is in liquid form. If they are farther away, the water on the surface might be frozen. These would also have an atmosphere around them. Many planets based on the distance from the star may or may not have an atmosphere. Being close to this star will strip the atmosphere due to radiation. In the blurry limits of super-Earths and jupitors lie the mini-neptunes with masses around 10 to 15 times the Earth, with more ice content forming ice giants. If these mini-neptunes are formed closer to the stars, they are called hot-neptunes. Planets with mass less than twice the mass of Earth are characterized as Earth-like planets. Being Earth-like is only a reference to this size and not any other characteristics. When these small rocky planets are very close to the star, their surfaces can reach melting temperatures and these planets may be eternally covered with lava and are called lava worlds. There exists a wielder class of planets called the Rhobe Planets about whom I have discussed also in my comic number 86 on Instagram. This class of planets stand out because they do not orbit any star. In fact they are not at all a part of any planetary system. These planets are thought to have been formed like usual planets but later flung out of this system due to the interplay of gravity of other planets. These now orbit the center of the galaxies they are a part of. My favorite thing about these planets are that they would be completely invisible to your eyes if you were standing right in front of one. Since planets do not emit any light and rogue planets have no stars around to reflect their light. They can be made visible by observing in the infrared which would be the heat coming off from them due to the formation and the internal pressure. How amazing is that? As we saw the division of exoplanets isn't very clear cut but more interconnected and relative. There is no particular distance inside which a planet can be called hot or outside which it can be called cold but it also depends on the star. In the next videos we will discuss some methods that are used to hunt for exoplanets. If you enjoyed the video make sure you hit the like button and subscribe to the Ashrugi comics. Click on the bell icon to never miss out a video. If you are interested in buying the official D-Ashrugi comics merchandise in or outside India and support my project you can find links in the description below. Do comment your thoughts on this video and suggestions for future videos and eager to read them. Thank you so much for supporting the Siyar project you are the best. Until next time stay curious and keep looking up.