Hey what's up everyone welcome to my YouTube channel LifeScience with KMD. Today I'm going to explain about Neurospora and its life cycle. It belongs to Phylum Asco Micota, Class, Soldario, MySids, Order, Soldario, Elys, Family, Soldario, ACA, Genus Neurospora, the genus name, meaning nerve spores referred to characteristic striation on the spores that resemble axon. It is also called as bakery mold or red bread mold, Neurospora, reside on soil, papaya, burned vegetation, etc. Well branched multi cellular, septate, mycelium with multi-nucleate and multi-pigmented cells. Neurospora is used as a model organism for eukaryotic biology, such as 1 gene, 1 enzyme hypothesis, circadian rhythms, mitochondrial biology, epigenetics, genome, defense, DNA repair, post transcriptional gene silencing. Reproduction in case of Neurospora are of two type. One is sexual and the other one is asexual type. In case of asexual type it is mainly due to conidia formation. There are two types. One is microconidia and the other one is macroconidia. In case of macroconidia it produce a large oval multi-nucleate microconidia and develops in a microconidio-4 branched tip by budding. As in case of microconidia it is a unineucleated sticky and comparatively small than macroconidia. Develops in microconidio-4 on terminal or lateral position. Develops in microconidia and macroconidia on germination produce mycelium. Sexual reproduction is of two type. One is heterothelic and another one is homothelic. In case of heterothelic there are two mating type that must unite to be able to grow through sexual cycle which include myosis. The two mating type look identical. The two mating type are determined by alternative DNA sequence at one chromosome and locus. These are called mate capital A, mate small A. These two mating type sequence are totally different so they do not represent alleles. Instead they are called idomaps. Neurosporacrosa is most analyzed heterothelic species. Homothelic means any haploid individual strand can go through the sexual cycle by itself. Without pairing with another strand, homothelic species do not need both mate idomaps sequence. But in some case one or another can be detected in the genomic sequence. Their role is not clear. In order to able to go through myosis as a part of sexual cycle, a deployed nucleus must form by fusion of two haploid nuclei. The Neurosporac gallopogode-ensis is one homothelic species. In case of sexual reproduction, female sex organ is called as ascogonia or rotoparitika or bulbils. Develop as a lateral outgrowth in vegetative high-fail. The ang aescogonium is coiled, multi-nucleated, A-septate structure. Septa is formed in the later stage of development. Sudo-parent chymates ball-like structure formed around the ascogonium. The percells of the ascogonium give rise to a long tapering tricogaine. Antiridia is absent in Neurosporac, but both micro and macro-conidia may act as permesia. Coming to the plasma gamy, the micro and macro-conidia act as permesia come to the tricogaine of ascogonium. All between them dissolve, nucleic enter the ascogonium. Somato-gamus copulation also occur in some species. Development of ascoginous hyphae with two cells having dicarion. The terminal cell curves and form hook-like structure called crosier. Conjugated division and septation of the crosier takes place. The percell nuclei distributed in a way that terminal cell have a one nucleate and basal cell have one nucleate. The penultimate cells with a dicarion is seen. The two nucleates of the penultimate cells fuse to form a diploid nucleate. This cell act as a ascogonium. The cell and it elongate to form a club-shaped or cylindrical ascogonium. The diploid nucleus of the ascogs first divide myotically and then might automatically result in formation of eight haploid nucleus. Each nucleus secrete a wall around itself and metamorphosis into ascospore. In neurosporotatrosperma, only four ascospores are formed in the ascogs. They are dark, brown or black in color and have a characteristic ribbed wall. The globus envelope of sterile hyphae enclose the mature ascogonium from all sides resulting in formation of periticium. The mature periticium is a dark colored globular flask shaped and beaked structure which remains surrounded by dark pseudo-parent chymeters periticium. The canol of the neck is lined by paraphysis and it is also present between the ascai in mature periticium, the ascai or cylindrical, long and stalledet. Ascospores germinate to produce new mycelium, they remain viable for many years in neurosporacrasa. Ascospores can be readily germinated by chemicals like furore or high temperature like 60 degree centigrade for 20 minutes treatment. Thanks for watching my video, please subscribe to my channel by clicking on subscription button. Subscription doesn't cost you any money to get a notification click on a bell icon, do like and share this video with friends and family. If you have any kind of feedback do share it on a comment box. Thank you.