[# Deadpool theme music crisp highness music playing Hello, this is Professor Jim Caffey, and this is the lecture video for astronomy chapter one, and we will be doing these every chapter for every module. So let's go ahead and jump into the PowerPoint. Chapter one. I'm going to get tour around the universe here, and we first see as a group of distant galaxies two of them colliding together. And when galaxies collide, they don't really collide like cars do. They kind of merge into a morph of each other. This is two spiral galaxies, kind of like the Milky Way galaxy, our home galaxy, and this is a Hubble Space Telescope picture. Here we see the red planet Mars in Luzayak, and this is centered on Mariner Valley. Mariner Valley is this long canyon through here, and this canyon makes the Grand Canyon on Earth look tiny. This one would go all the way across the United States and be about six times deeper than Mariner Valley, assuming than the Grand Canyon. Next up is a stellar corpse. This is what happens when a massive star explodes and dies, and this is the crab magua, seen in 1054 by the Chinese, and it would cred in to be the first observational astronomers. And all this bright stuff is the gas and the heavy elements form the side of that massive star of the calcium, the iron. And all that becomes what we see in our body and our bones and our blood, calcium, and iron. Next up is the, I think the most beautiful thing in the entire night sky, and that is the Orion Nebula. And the constellation of Orion, this is a star-birthening region where stars are born. We talk about stars as they're born in the forms of human lives. They're born, they live in the lives, they get old, and they die. Orion Nebula is about 1400 light years away, and I used to do some really innovative research in some of the stars right here in the middle of the Orion Nebula. This is our renewable Hubble Space Telescope, put in the space in 1990. It's going to be replaced soon. The James Webb Space Telescope is the replacement. And the Hubble Space Telescope was named after Evan P. Huffle, an American astronomer, born November 20th, 1889, and Marshfield, Missouri, which is just a few miles away from me here in the Springfield, Missouri. We have an interesting name for him. We have schools, and they have a one-third scale replica, Alabama Sigma Steel, put onto the town square in Marshfield, Missouri. Here is our home planet, what is the term, our Carl's second term, the pale blue dot humanities home base. This image is 22,000 miles away from the surface from a geostationary satellite. This is very for our communication satellites, TV broadcast satellites, and one of the satellites because they appear to go about the same point of the Earth as the Earth rotates. It stays above the right place, and it has an over-the-world period of about 24 hours. We're going to scale the Earth and Moon together. This is what we would see how far apart it would be, and I'm about how big they are. Our entire solar system family, we have the four small plants, Mercury Venus, Earth and Mars, four gas giants that Joe Viden plants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and then some dwarf plants, like Pluto. The series used to be an asteroid, used to be the biggest asteroid now, is a dwarf planet where as Pluto used to be the ninth planet, it got demoted, and it is now its work planet along with some other dwarf planets. The spiral galaxy, probably a borrowed spiral galaxy, is a bar going through the Moon of its core here, and what we see is the bright areas of blue and white are gas and star spring form, and then the dark stuff going through the middle here is lanes of dust. The gas and dust makes up the ingredients to make new stars. The image here, a long time lapse image of the Milky Way galaxy, and from a city light we don't see the Milky Way hardly at all. It's kind of hard to see it here in the spring form of the story, but I know out there in the desert of Arizona, it's just beautiful. I've been there and done research at Tip Pete National Geometry South of Tucson. One amazing sight. Of course if you're in downtown Las Vegas on a strip, you're not going to see this. This is a globular star cluster. Globular star clusters have a quarter million stars in them, 250,000, and they are spherical and shaped, or globular, or basketball. These are very old stars that surround the entire Milky Way galaxy. We can look at galaxies, look at that millimeter light, and not light, but radiation. We can look at cold, hydrogen with 21 centimeter radiation, and we can use radio telescopes to do that. So here is a group of radio telescopes and chili, looking at nearby minor galaxies through us, the magi-nana clouds. The nearest galaxy to us, the spiral, is the enthromative galaxy, the great enthromative galaxy, a borrowed spiral, two black holes, 400 billion stars. So it is twice the size of the Milky Way. And honestly, the two galaxies, the Milky Way and the Zomadah, are coming together. Most of the universe is flying apart, getting further apart, but the higher galaxy and that galaxy are moving together, and something will collide, but it won't happen during this course. So we've got that right outside. This is the four-max cluster of galaxies. This cluster of galaxies is 16 million light years away. So that light left that cluster 16 million years ago, and it's just now getting here. So around the time the dinosaurs died, that light left, and it's just now got here. So this is what we just call look-back time. We just look back in the history of the universe to see how galaxies used to be. And everything in that picture there is a galaxy map. And if we were to take the entire time frame of the universe and look at it from the inception from the Big Bang 2 today, where would things occur? Well, the Big Bang happens on January 1st, and Milky Way doesn't form until May. Our solar system begins to form around September, the first complex life forms are in November. And then the dinosaurs came on Christmas Day on the 25th of December, and they became extinct on the 30th, and then on the last few hours, humans appeared. And we thank you for joining us this video lecture. Whether you enjoyed that episode of 10 Minute Astronomy, and so check out all the other videos that not play this for 10 Minute Astronomy and other videos on my channel, and then hit the subscribe button right there. Thanks.