This is not planned. We are leaving now. Lift it up. Open it. Hello, this is Professor Jim Caffey, and this is chapter 6 of Astronomical Instruments. Type the six on Astronomical Instruments here. First, we're going to look at the Hubble Space Telescope. This is the Space Telescope 1990, which will be available 30 years in space, and it will soon be replaced. Here is a region of space for e-commerce, who amateurs astronomers, the Orion, maybe that, Orion's belt. Here are the shoulders feet of Orion here, and here is Orion's belt. In the middle of the belt, in the middle of the belt, in the middle of the star, and there is the Orion Nebula. So in different way of length, it looks different ways. Here are two pre-tiles, Copic Observatories. One is Machu Picchu, and the other one is Stonehenge, and England. The formation of an image by a simple lens has parallel light coming into the lens, being focused all into a focus point, and that is where you would view the image and focus. The difference between refracting telescopes and reflecting telescopes is that, basically, refracting telescopes spin light through a lens, like last lens, whereas a reflecting telescope reflects light off of a mirror, through another mirror, then goes to an eyepiece, which is the lens. You can have different areas of focus, and a reflecting telescope. You can have it coming out of the aperture, the eyepiece, or a focus within the mirror itself. Here is a very large telescope mirror. This is going to go on the European Sonan Observatory's very large telescope. We like to name our instruments and telescopes interesting names. Here are some modern refracting telescopes, the Palomar 5 major reflector, the Doppler, the last slide, and the Gemini North 8 major telescope over here. This is the right. Of course, we think that 76 eyes are better than one. In order to build a compact but very large telescope, we can use segmented mirrors. It segments here are all glued together to make one large mirror. This is for a Keck telescope in Hawaii. With George Hale, led to work of the construction of several major telescopes, the largest refractor bending telescope in the world is a 40-inch. This is in Chicago. Most observatories are put as far up on a mountain as they can go. Here we have a high and dry site as Chilets, Attacama, Desert, part of the European Sonan Observatory. Now, we can put pistons on the back of these telescope mirrors. These pistons can move the mirror aerosols slightly to correct it for the atmosphere. That's called adaptive or active optics. Here in the picture of the Jupiter, with those active optics working in the end of the great image. The backbone of these cameras are the CCDs, they are called charge coupled devices. It is basically a silicon waver that is sensitive to light. In the infrared, we can see these hands in the bag, very clearly in the infrared, infrared gets off heat radiation. In a prism spectrometer, this is an instrument that was put up light from white light into its colorful rainbow pattern. Here is the first radio telescope, very basic. This telescope was used by Jansky and has discovered a radio radiation from the Milky Way. This is what a radio image looks like. There is a galaxy right here in the middle that doesn't give off very much radio information. They are coming off two lobes out far out in the space. We see jets coming from this image. The green bank telescope in West Virginia is pretty large, 100 meters across. The large millimeter array in Chile, that is how my denser again in northern Chile. Or you can put radio telescopes throughout the Earth and link them all together so that the Earth is acting like a radio dish, the entire Earth. The largest radio and radar dish in the world is the Aerosivo Observatory and Puerto Rico. We can put observatories into the apparatus here. Sofia allows us to do that and get above most of the Earth's water paper, which is blinding to infrared light. The spitzer space telescope does infrared images like these. Let me have images like this. This is the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. This is an area space that we can go back and do 13 billion years ago when it was formed by looking back into time. The Tandra X-ray satellite does the same thing, but for X-rays. And then coming up in 2021 is the James Webb Space Telescope to be launched. And it's going through some very rigorous testing right now. And then the European Astronomy Large Telescope will be almost 40 meters across. And this is currently under construction in Chile. Thank you for joining us for chapter 6. Whether you enjoyed that episode of 10 Minute Astronomy, and so check out all the other videos that I play for 10 Minute Astronomy and other videos on my channel. And then hit the subscribe button right there. Thanks!