Climate change is happening so that Africa is likely to experience an increasing temperatures with dire conditions in certain areas and possibly wetter conditions in other areas. The impact on rainfall is we and certain across climate change futures so it's important for South Africa to understand what the impact of that would be. What I'm looking at specifically in the research that I have done is what are the economic implications of climate change in South Africa and through that identifying what are the potential adaptation measures that South Africa can take. We've assessed three key impacts of climate change on the economy. The first was drought infrastructure, the second is water availability and the third is the impact on dry land cluppials. We find that the largest impacts of climate change are through the impact on drought infrastructure because hot-today conditions require increased maintenance of roads. This requires larger shades of government budgets to be re-indocated from potentially other more productive areas to now maintaining these roads. You also get a loss of productivity associated with that. The impact on the dry land cluppials also a really large impact in South Africa about 80% of agricultural production is dependent on dry land or rain-fed agricultural cropping systems. Looking at ways that South Africa can adapt to climate change. One of the most striking results that I came up or rather the tools that I've come up is maintaining and possibly further extending the water management resource system as this will allow for water demands to continue to be met through water supplies that might now be allocated in different parts of the country. Another option is that when we're thinking about infrastructible thinking broadening in terms of what are the materials that we're going to use, what are the technologies that we're going to use and all these materials and technologies resilient to climate change. The key message for policy is that there are definitely steps that can be taken to make the economy more flexible to changes in climate and all that needs to be done is that we need to start acting on it now.