In this lab, you'll be using a phase separation technique called extraction to isolate an organic molecule, caffeine, from a mixture. You can separate an organic molecule from a mixture by extraction with an organic solvent. In this video, you can see that as this mixture is allowed to separate, different layers form. The cool thing that happens is that as the phase is separate into organic and aqueous, the organic phase drags, or the proper term extracts organic molecules from the aqueous layer into its own phase. So, you can go away and record the mass of your no-dose tablet. Using the mortar and pestle, crush the no-dose tablet into a fine powder. Transfer as much of the tablet as possible into the 50 ml beaker. In order to make a .1 molar solution of HCL, use 1 ml of 1 molar HCL and 9 ml of water. Do this twice for a total of 40 ml. With your stir bar added, you're going to have about 20 ml of solution in your 50 ml beaker. Make sure you note the volume before you start boiling. After boiling, and you have about 7 to 10 ml of the mixture left, when it's cool to the touch, remove it from the hot plate and allow any solid to settle. Once you've allowed the solution to cool and the solid has settled to the bottom, you can't just dilute it out. It goes into a centrifuge tube and into an ice bath for 3 minutes. After the centrifuge tube has cooled for 3 minutes, you're going to put 2 ml of methylene chloride into the centrifuge tube. This is where the extraction is going to occur as you invert the centrifuge tube several times. We've put in our methylene chloride, we've inverted it, and this separation has occurred between the aqueous and the organic layer. Our molecule, caffeine, should be in the organic layer. That's the layer we want to extract, but how do we know which layer is the organic layer? If you had the densities of the two solutions, you could clear that out, but you actually don't even need that. What we're going to do is add some water, and whichever phase grows in size, is the aqueous layer. You'll see that that yellow layer is getting taller, but that layer at the bottom is not. The bottom layer must be the organic layer, and that's the one that we're going to pipe it out. After you've performed your extraction a total of three times, you're going to add sodium sulfate to your organic solution. What sodium sulfate does is that make sure that we get all of the water out of our solution. As you pour in your sodium sulfate, you'll see that it starts to clump up on the bottom. As we're swirling it, you can see that the clumps aren't moving. That means that there is water in our solution, and we're going to keep putting in anhydrous sodium sulfate until we get kind of floaty pieces. That means that anhydrous sodium sulfate isn't grabbing any more water. Now you'll tear the early-myer flask by putting it on the scale and recording its mass. Remove your organic layer into the tared early-myer flask. To make sure we've gotten all of our products, we'll wash the sodium sulfate with two milliliters of methylene chloride and add it to the flask. Under the fume hood, boil off your methylene chloride. The boiling point of methylene chloride is only 40 degrees Celsius, so if you see it overboiling, reduce the heat. Once the methylene chloride has evaporated, you'll have solid left in the bottom of your early-myer flask. Measure the mass, calculate your percent yield, and run an IR.