Okay, so what I'm gonna do today, this is gonna be a quick one because this concept doesn't have to be that hard and I don't have a lot of time so it's kind of two-and so here's a deal Today we're talking about adding voltage sources so I'm talking with DC specifically we're talking about adding DC voltage sources in series and parallel so what you're gonna want to do is you're gonna want to sit down grab some paper and if you have a clicky pen Get one of these pens, you know see all the different It's focusing on my face sorry. Whoo different colors there That's gonna help you out. I get my students to do it's all the time just having those different colors makes a difference So go ahead all wait, I'm just gonna have a coffee here while you go and get yourself a clicky pen Okay, I'm assuming you're back and you've got your clicky pen But what we're gonna do is this when we have voltage sources in series It's pretty basic. Let's take a look at I'm gonna get into the whiteboard again here. Okay, so let's take a look at our whiteboard So I've got there's Say I've got two batteries here Let's say that each battery is six volts So I've got two six volt batteries in series now this is so important and please get a little closer here Right in your polarities it is so important the getting into the habit of drawing your polarities into every circuit You possibly can is gonna help you out It's gonna help you out in DC and it will help you out in AC what how can I help you out in AC that doesn't make any sense AC is going back and forth back and forth trust me it will we'll talk about instantaneous polarity when we get to that Let's just focus at the task at hand so in this point here. Let's put our polarities in Whenever I have this big line and this little line the big line stands for positive So I have a positive there the little line stands for negative again big line is positive little line is negative So I've got those two in series now. I've got a six volt battery that is gonna go in series with another six volt battery So what I do with this is okay to say if I put a volt meter across it, let me show you what I mean by this So I'm gonna put this volt meter So I've got a volt meter here reading from this point to This point What I want to do is figure out the voltages now you I'm sure you're looking at this you're saying Why why am I watching this video is so basic? It's obviously 12 volts But I just want to get into how to calculate this out calculate this out Because what if I started throwing a bunch of other batteries in there and then summer flipped around we're gonna do that Don't worry so what I do with this is I Always start and I tell my students is I start at one lead and I try to get to the other lead and that is what's going to My volt meter is going to read I've rhymed Lead lead read so I'm starting here and I'm gonna take a drive so I come along here I start at this side a drive over to here You see I see a positive first. I'm picking up six friends I Stop I see another positive. I'm picking up six friends by the time I get to the other side I've got 12 friends in total if you want to add this in as a It's like adding it right down the numbers. This is why it's just getting the clicky pen I'm gonna say okay. I add six volts and then I add six volts together. I get Positive 12 volts So please watch now because this is gonna make a big difference when we don't Write in the priorities. We can easily make mistakes watch this. I'm just gonna get rid of all this So let's cut this out so delete all that and I'm gonna draw in a bunch of batteries and it's gonna be more than two Okay, so I've got a bunch of batteries and I'll flip around this gets a little more tricky, but it doesn't have to be so next up Okay, let's say that these batteries again. These are six volt batteries. So I'm just gonna draw that in here. Trust me It helps to get everything drawn in so six volts six volts six volts six volts six volts Next I'm gonna put in my polarities because I've got to so positive negative positive negative positive negative. Oh Snap negative positive negative positive Please watch for that and first off don't worry about the colors. I changed. I'm picking arbitrary colors It's not like you don't use polarity has to be blue because you noticed in the last example. It wasn't don't worry about that So but watch for this little part this part here You see where I went from positive to negative, but then I have a negative lead make sure you identify that properly right there negative That's gonna make a huge difference. Okay next up. Let's say I want to read the voltmeter I'm gonna place a voltmeter will make it easier right off the hop Voltmeter I'm gonna read from this side To this side All right, so again, we want to go for our drive. I'm gonna pick up six friends pick up six friends pick up six friends Let's identify that by drawing it out. I'm going to pick up six friends. I'm going to pick up six friends I'm going to pick up six friends. So that's that that that taken to account I'm still driving then I see this negative. I'm going to drop off six friends draw this out I'm going to drop off another six friends Drop off six friends drop off six friends and that gets us a total of 18 because this is gonna be six plus six plus six is 18 and this is gonna be minus 12 So we end up with six volts in total So again, you can see why it's important to have those polarities written in there draw this stuff out Even if it's given to you, just go ahead and draw it out again. It's gonna make a difference It's gonna make a huge difference. So that's all you have to do when you're dealing with these series circuits You get the polarities in there and you're gonna be fine The thing with flipping this and turning it into a parallel circuit. Let me just show you. It's super easy at this point Let me just cut this stuff out again Cut it out to lead out of there now. I'm gonna put a bunch in parallel That's not not even go a bunch. Let's go This one is in parallel with this one Again, let's say that there's six volts each So I've got this is six volts. This is six volts We have to remember Kirchhoff's law of voltages in parallel Voltage in parallel stays the same. So in this case here six volts six volts if I measured this as a voltmeter Let's put this in as a voltmeter here There and there I'm gonna measure six volts Right, so why even do this like what's the point of doing this? Well, we remember that voltage stays the same in a parallel circuit. What does current do? It's not a rhetorical question. I'm waiting for your answer Yes, you I hear you Mike you're right Current ads. So let's say that this battery here has a capacity of I don't know. Let's just give it an after so say it's got 10 apps capacity and this one also has 10 apps capacity well If we did this we have these little nodes here We know that we're getting six volts out of there, but with just one battery We're only going to be able to give 10 apps of capacity but by putting these in parallel we're giving it 20 apps of capacity right 10 plus 10 gives us 20 which gives us more power now I'm going to Where would you use this a great example if you haven't watched breaking bad? I feel sorry for you son. You got 99 problems and watching breaking bad ain't one you got to watch it because There's a scene in it. I'm gonna spoil alert There's a scene where they're making an electromagnet not gonna tell you why but in order to get this electromagnet Even stronger Walter and the junkyard guy and Jesse talk about Taking the batteries and putting them in parallel and series series adds the voltage Parallel gives you more juice more juice means more flex lines more flex lines means more magnetism That's a whole other video for another time in fact You're probably have one done make sure you jump into the electric academy check out the magnetism videos. They're awesome And so that's why we put these things in parallel So just to recap in series make sure you write your polarities in In parallel you want to make sure that you're going to add your currents Now what would happen if you had different voltages on different batteries? I'm not gonna get into that now in fact I cover that when I talk about paralleling transformers There's a great little thing check out paralleling single phase transformers. I talk about that It's not good just a spoiler alert So you always want to make sure you've got the same voltages when you're parallel in your sources That's all I got for this week next week coming at you I'm going to actually try to get this done hold me to it. I'm going to do a house calculation Also, we're coming up on a course that I've developed with the British Columbia Institute of Technology Another individual there air and Lee and I've developed a course on basic math for electricians It's a 10 week course self-paced asynchronous super cool sounding asynchronous means learn at your own pace But you have access to people like me and Aaron to help you through so if you're struggling at all with any kind of the Mathematic principles and just I'll make sure there's a link to it down in the description so you can see exactly what the courses about Have a great week everybody see you next week stay classy You