At the heart of piezoelectric positioning technology is the piezo ceramic actuator. It has a crystalline structure which expands slightly when an electric potential is applied. Known as the inverse piezoelectric effect, this property is exploited by nanopositioning technology. By changing the voltage applied, very precisely controlled motion can be performed. Most of PI's precision mechanics use the prize-winning PICMOS series multi-layer actuators. Friction-free flexure guidance combined with either amplification of necessary provides travel of over a thousand microns and makes possible guiding accuracies in the nanometer range. P-foc positioners for example are used for finer adjustment of microscope lenses and surpass the precision of conventional motor drives many times over. PI nanopositioning systems are available in almost endless variations with travel ranges from a few to many hundreds of millimeters with parallel kinematics and with up to six motion axes. Piers of systems are also used in dynamics applications, for example in digital image processing. To cover travel ranges in the millimeter range, Piers uses piezo-walking drives. Where highest resolution and dynamics in combination with long lifetime or prime requirements, then for the semiconductor industry in particular there's no alternative to the innovative next line Piers are walking the drives. Another kind of Piers is drive is the ultrasonic motor, in it oscillation of a Piers is ceramic is converted into linear motion.